ISSN 1599-8355

2014 1 20 / / / 30

2014

January

2014

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January

08 :

35

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Vol. 12, No. 1 / www.kli.re.kr

Vol. 12 No. 1
2 0 1 4

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Anne Green ( )

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Matthias Schulze-Bing ( / )

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Global Focus

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Special Feature

Anne Green ( )

2008
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. (Jobcentre Plus)
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.

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. [ 1] (1
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1) Atkinson, I.(2010),Governance structures and the devolved delivery of employment outcomes
,

Department for Work and Pensions Research Report 678.

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1&4




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Freud Review of .
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2007 2011 15
City Strategy .
initiative
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); ( ).
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WNF4) (regeneration)
Neighbourhoods
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Fund (WNF)
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Commissioning .
Strategy
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2009 Houghton Review6)
Houghton
.
Review
challenge fund .
Leitch Review
of Skills

2) http://www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/other/0118404792/0118404792.pdf
3) http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Politics/documents/2007/03/05/welfarereviewreport.pdf
4) CLG and DWP(2007), The Working Neighbourhoods Fund , CLG and DWP, London. http://www.
communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/566881.pdf
5) DWP(2008),Raising Expectations and Increasing Support: Reforming Welfare for the Future
, Cm
7506. TSO, Norwich. http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/fullversion.pdf
6) Houghton, S., C. Dove and I. Wahhab(2009), Tackling Worklessness : A review of the contribution and

role of English local authorities and partnerships , DCLG, London. http://www.communities.gov.uk/

documents/communities/pdf/1161160.pdf

10_

2014 1 <<

Future Jobs
Fund (FJF)
Total Place
initiative

FJF Houghton Review .

. /
.
2009 Total Place initiative 13 .
. , ,
.

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Work
Programme

Work Programme7) 2011

. ( 1 3
). 3
2~3 .
. Work
Programme
.

2010 Worklessness Co-design 8) 5 .

Worklessness
Co-design pilot .
Community
Budgets

Community Budgets 2010 2011 .9)

(pool and save pot) .
.

FSF Jobcentre Plus

Flexible Support . FSF ( 1 2
Fund (FSF)
). FSF .

City Deals

2011 City Deals10)

. City Deals , , , ,
, , .
.

2013 Universal Credit

Universal Credit 60 . Universal Credit
.

7) D
 WP(2011), The Work Programme, DWP. http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/the-work-programme.pdf
8) DWP(2011), DWP Worklessness Co-Design - Final Report, DWP. http://www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/dwp-codesign-final-report.pdf
9) https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/giving-local-authorities-more-control-over-howthey-spend-public-money-in-their-area--2/supporting-pages/community-budgets and http://
communitybudgets.org.uk/
10) HM Government(2011), Unlocking growth in cities, HM Government; Marlow D.(2012),City Deals
- implications for enhanced devolution and local economic growth
, LGIU Policy Briefing ; and
http://www.parliament.uk/deposits/depositedpapers/2011/DEP2011-2035.pdfhttps://www.gov.uk/

>>

_11

City Strategy initiative

2006 City Strategy(CS) initiative11) 15 CS
2007 2 2 . CS
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( 2 CS ).
[ 2] City Strategy

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()

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government/policies/giving-more-power-back-to-cities-through-city-deals/supporting-pages/
city-deals (accessed 24 November 2013).
11) Green A. E., D. Adam and C. Hasluck(2010),Evaluation of Phase 1 City Strategy
, DWP Research

Report 639, http://research.dwp.gov.uk/asd/asd5/rports2009-2010/rrep639.pdf; Green A. E., and

D. Adam(2011),City Strategy: Final Evaluation
, DWP Research Report 783, https://www.gov.uk/
government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/214569/rrep783.pdf

12_

2014 1 <<

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2008~2009
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2014 1 <<

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Centre for Local Economic Growth13) (http://whatworksgrowth.org/).
Work Programme , ,

12) Green, A. E., G. Atfield, and D. Adam(2013),Local Worklessness Policy Analysis Case Studies
, DWP

Research Report 844.

13) What Works Centre for Local Economic Growth , Centre for Cities (), Arup (
) . (Economic and Social Research Council),
(Department for Communities and Local Government),
(Department for Business Innovation and Skills) .

>>

_17

[ 3] The Maryland Scale

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2014 1 <<

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_19

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2014 1 <<

2014 1 pp.21~34

Special Feature

Matthias Schulze-Bing ( / )

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2 . 2

2
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1980
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2
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_21

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2014 1 <<

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_27

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2014 1 <<

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1) R. J. Dorembos and F. Froy(2010), Building Flexibility and Accountability into Local Employment

Services, Paris: OECD.

>>

_31

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2014 1 pp.35~43

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16 31
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_35

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2014 1 <<

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_37

.2)
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38_

2014 1 <<

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_39

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.3) 1980
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(composition effect) ,
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(0~0.5%) .
.4)
Shin(2012) ,

3)  Solon and Barsky(1989) .
4) 
, Lucas and Rapping(1969) Mortensen
and Pissarides(1994) .

40_

2014 1 <<

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_41

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42_

2014 1 <<

Dickens, William T., Lorenz Goette, Erica L. Groshen, Steiner Holden, Julian Messina, Mark
E. Schweitzer, Jarkko Turunen, and Melanie E. Ward(2006),How Wages Change: Micro
Evidence from the International Wage Flexibility Project,Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
Working Paper No.06-20.

Keynes, John Maynard(1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money ,
London: Macmillan.

Lucas, Robert E. Jr. and Leonard A. Rapping(1969),Real Wages, Employment, and Inflation,
Journal of Political Economy 77(5), pp.721~754.

Mortensen, Dale T. and Christopher A. Pissarides(1994),Job Creation and Job Destruction in

the Theory of Unemployment,Review of Economic Studies 61(3), pp.397~415.

Shin, Donggyun(2012),Cyclicality of Real Wages in Korea,The B.E. Journal of Economic

Analysis and Policy 12(1) (Contributions), Article 2.

Solon, Gary, and Robert Barsky(1989),Real Wages over the Business Cycle,National
Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 2888.

Solon, Gary, Robert Barsky, and Jonathan A. Parker(1994),Measuring the Cyclicality of

Real Wages: How Important Is Composition Bias?
, Quarterly Journal of Economics 109(1),
pp.1~26.

>>

_43

2014 1 pp.44~53

International Labor Trends

-

( )

(zero hours contracts) .

.

,as and when workers
,
regular casuals
,key time workers
,reservist
, min-max workers
, casual worker, on-call worker .1)
2013
, 12 , 2014 3
.

(House of Commons Note on Zero Hours Contracts)2) .
1) (2011), , 9, p.66.
2) Pyper, D. & F. McGuinness(2013), House of Commons Note on Zero Hours Contracts. http://www.
parliament.uk/business/publications/research/briefing-papers/SN06553/zerohours-contracts 2014
1 10 .

44_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

.

(Office for National Statistics: ONS) (Labour Force Survey)
, 2012 4
25 , 0.8% .3)


. (Chartered Institute of Personnel and
Development: CIPD) 2013
100 3~4% .4)
(ONS) 2013
2014
.
(Workplace Employment Relations
Survey) , 2004 4% 2011 8%

3)  2006 13 4 , 2009 15
. (, 2013 5 24,The controversy around zero hours contracts
;
, 2013 5 24,Pressure grows on government to outlaw zero hours contracts as
it is revealed parliament uses them too
)
4)  CIPD , 2013 8 5,Zero hours contracts more widespread
than thought-but only minority of zero hours workers want to work more hours
, http://www.cipd.
co.uk/pressoffice/press-releases/zero-hours-contracts-more-widespread-thought-050813.asp
.

>>

_45

 .5)
, 50~99 11% 50 6% 2011
100 23%.
19% 2011 ,
(13%) (10%) .
(domiciliary care workers)
, (Skills for Care)
2011 9 61%
.6) 2013 4 (the Financial Times) 10
NHS , 2 24%
.7) 2013 7 (Freedom of Information)
(University and College Union: UCU) ,
53%, (FE Colleges) 61% .
(CIPD) 2013 , 19%
1 .8)

5) 2011 2013 1 , 2004 .

6)  Skills for Care(2012), The state of the adult social care sector and workforce in England,
http://socialwelfare.bl.uk/subject-areas/services-activity/social-work-care-services/
skillsforcare/142647Projections_of_the_future_adult_social_care_workforce_Statistical_Summary_2012.
pdf .
7)  , 2013 4 7,Employers increase zero hours contracts
, http://www.ft.com/
cms/s/0/04a86a6c-9f8a-11e2-b4b6-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2qCd6KqEN .
8) UCU , 2013 9 5,Over half of universities and colleges use lecturers on zero-hour
contracts
, http://www.ucu.org.uk/6749 .

46_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

.
(employees) (workers) 9)
,
.
(2011)10)
. .

.
,
, ,
,
.
.
.
.
. 2012 (Employment
Appeals Tribunal: EAT) Pulse Healthcare
1996 (Employment Rights Act 1996) 230
Carewatch Care Services Ltd & Ors

9)  .
, 2006
(Transfer of Undertakings(Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006: TUPE)
. https://www.gov.uk/
employment-status .
10) , .

>>

_47

 ,
.11)
,

.

.

. 1999
, (time workers)
.
.

 ( ):
.
. ,
.


:
.
.

.

11)  UKEAT 0123_12_0608, http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/

UKEAT/2012/0123_12_0608.html&query=pulse+and+health&method=boolean .

48_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

. Vince Cable
(Opposition Day)
.

2013 5 30 (CIPD)
Cable , 9 16
.

. (exclusivity clause)
,

.
. (transparency),
. ,
.
.
(uncertainty of earnings),
.
, .
(balance of power in the employment relationship).
,
.

.
2013 12 19 2014 3 13 .

>>

_49

 12)
. ,
.

.
(employer-led code of practice).

. , , , ,
1 .


.

. (Director General of the Institute of Directors) Simon Walker
(The Telegraph)
.13)
(Resolution Foundation) 2013 6
14)

12) BIS(2013), Zero hours employment contracts: Consultation , https://www.gov.uk/government/

consultations/zero-hours-employment-contracts
13)  (the Telegraph) , 2013 8 10,Zero hours are bad? Don
t talk
such nonsense
, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/10235346/Zero-hours-are-badDont-talk-such-nonsense.html .
14)  Alakeson, V. Cory & M. Pennycook(2013), A matter of time: The rise of zero-hours contracts,

50_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

.
(Work Foundation) 2013 8 15)
.
(CIPD) 2013 8 16) ,
14%
. 18%
, 52%
CIPD Peter Cheese . 1,000
2,500 479
(CIPD) 17) ,
, -

.
,
. 38%
, 52%
. 17% , 3%

http://www.resolutionfoundation.org/media/media/downloads/A_Matter_of_Time_-_The_rise_of_
zero-hours_contracts_final_1.pdf .
15)  Brinkley, Ian(2013), Fleixibility or insecurity? Exploring the rise in zero hours contracts, http://
www.theworkfoundation.com/DownloadPublication/Report/339_Flexibility%20or%20Insecurity%20
-%20final.pdf .
16)  CIPD , 2013 8 5,Zero hours contracts more widespread
than thought-but only minority of zero hours workers want to work more hours
, http://www.cipd.
co.uk/pressoffice/press-releases/zero-hours-contracts-more-widespread-thought-050813.asp
.
17)  CIPD(2013), Zero-hours contracts: Myth and reality, http://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/6395%20
Zero-Hours%20(WEB).pdf .

>>

_51

, 80% .
, 66%
, 47%
. 40%
, 6%
, 1/3

. 21%
, 11%
. , 64%
, 18%
.
. , 42% 2
.
Len Shacketon (Institute of Economic Affairs: IEA)
18)
.
19)

. 20)

18)  2013 8 6, IEA Zero hours contracts have their place in the labour
market
, http://www.iea.org.uk/blog/zero-hours-contracts-have-their-place-in-the-labourmarket .
19)  , 2013 8 1Zero-hours workers
, http://www.ft.com/cms/
s/0/f987d194-faac-11e2-a7aa-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2qCd6KqEN .
20)  , 2013 8 5,A misguided crusade against flexible labour
, http://
www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/10223392/A-misguided-crusade-against-flexiblelabour.html .

52_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

, (The Guardian)21)
.
22) Chuka Umanna


.

.
.
,
.
.

21)  , 2013 8 9,Zero-hours contracts: nil points

, http://www.
theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/09/zero-hours-nil-points .
22)  1 (Official Royal Opposition Shadow Cabinet)
.

>>

_53

2014 1 pp.54~62

International Labor Trends

-

( 1 )

2013 11 26 (CESE: Conseil conomique, social et
environnemental)
1) .
1/5
, 80%

. 2013 1
6

24 2014 1 1 .
CESE , ,
, .

Meron et Maruani(2012) 100 1971
1) 2012 10 CESE , CGT
(Franoise Geng) OFCE (Franoise Milewski)
. 2013 11 6, 160 CESE
, 11 26 CESE .

54_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

5.8% 2010 17.8% 40 (1
).2) (1.7% 6.6%) (13.1%
31%) . 40
. , ,
, ,
, , 1990
(Milewski, 2013). 45 700 ,
600 . 1962 34%
2007 47% .
. 1960 ,
, 1970 3)

[ 1] ( )
( : %)

35

31

30
25
18.6

20
13.1

15
10

6.6

5.8

1.7

71

19

73

19

75

19

77

19

79

19

81

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

19

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

20

: Meron et Maruani(2012), CESE (Milewski, 2013) .

2) INSEE 1990 .
(Milewski, 2013).
3) (2012), , 11.

>>

_55

 .
3/4(78%) , 55%
. 89% (2010 INSEE ).
.
1962 72% 2007 90% (Marchand, 2010).
10 9 .
,
, .
1970 ( )
4) . 1973 5)
. ,
2
(Milewski,
2013). 1990 .
1980 1991
. 10%
. , 1990
.
1992 9 1 6)
30% . 1990
, 2000
(35 )7) .

4) Loi n 70-523 du 19 juin 1970 relative l'exercice de fonctions mi-temps par les fonctionnaires de
l'tat.
5) Loi n 73-1195 du 27 dcembre 1973 relative a l'amlioration des conditions de travail.
6) Loi n 92-1446 du 31 dcembre 1992 relative l'emploi, au dveloppement du travail temps partiel
et l'assurance chmage.
7) Loi n 2000-37 du 19 janvier 2000 relative la rduction ngocie du temps de travail.

56_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

(Dares)8) 2013 1 Dares Analyses(Pak,
2013) 2011 . , 2011
420 , 18.7%
, . 82%,
. , 31%
. 7% ,
20% ,
.
< 1>
420 (18. 7%)

82.5%

31% ( 7%)

37%

33%

25

41.7%

55

45% ( 25%)

31%

: INSEE, enqute Emploi, Dares (Pak, 2013) .

Alternatives conomiques 11(N329)

,
. , ( )
,
.

8) Direction de l'Animation de la Recherche, des tudes et des Statistiques: , , .

>>

_57

 , ( ) ,
. CESE
.
(Parisien)9) (
)
,
,

. (Les chos)10)

, .
. 15%
15 . 11) 75%
, 64.4% .
12) 64.4% , 94% 13)
(Demailly, 2012). 700( 100 ) .
,
. ,
(Alternatives conomiques, 2013).
, (CDD) 28.7%
(CDI) (16.5%) . , 78.7%
, 17.3% ( )( 3 ). 2011

9) L
 e Parisien(2013. 11. 25), Emploi : le faux temps libre du temps partie.
10) Les chos(2013. 11. 26), Prs d'un salari sur cinq travaille temps partiel.
11) Bas salaire: 2/3 .
12) Trs bas salaire : ()
.
13)  .
, ,
. CESE
( ).

58_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

(, ) 11.9%( 2 ),
9.7% ,
. 3/4
. ? CESE
Milewski (sousemploi)
(l
Express, 2013).14) 10
39% , 1
27% (10
15.5%)( 3 ),
. , ,
( )
29%, 11%, 10% (Pak, 2013).
50% ,
64% .
< 2> (2011)
( )

(%)

25,778

100

100

100

3,003

11.6

7.8

15.1

22,775

88.4

92.2

84.9

543

2.1

1.5

2.7

371

1.4

1.0

1.8

2,169

8.4

10.4

6.6

- (CDI)

19,692

76.5

79.3

73.8

25,778

100

100

100

21,161

82.1

69.9

93.1

4,617

17.9

30.1

6.9

- (CDD)

: INSEE, enqute Emploi, Dares (Pak, 2013).

14) L
Express(2013. 11. 25), Temps partiel: huit emplois sur dix occups par des femmes.

>>

_59

< 3>
( : %)

( )

16.5

78.7

( )

28.7

17.3

()

66.3

4.0

18.7

100.0

27.4

16.2

1 5

20.8

28.7

5 10

17.1

16.1

10

15.5

39.1

18.7

100.0

: INSEE, enqute Emploi, Dares (Pak, 2013).

2013 6
.
, .
, 24 .
,
. ,
. 24

. 1 8
.
1 8 .
, 24

60_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

(Alternatives
conomiques, 2013).

. ,
. . 2008
28
, .
. CGT
,
(Alternatives
conomiques, 2013).15) 2013 12 18 16)
.
200, 200 150 .
. 12 13 14
,
, .

.
. 2011 INSEE
, 32%
, 28% , .

15) , 1/3 .
16) Projet de loi garantissant l
avenir et la justice du systme de retraites.

>>

_61

 1/3 ,
.
.
.
.
( , , )
, ,
. .
,
.
45% ( 1 ) .

Alternatives conomiques(2013), Galre temps plein pour femmes temps partiel , N 329,
Janvier, Alternatives conomiques.

Demailly, Dominique(2012), Les bas salaires en France entre 1995 et 2011, n 068, octobre,
Dares Analyse.
emploi, N 1312, septembre, INSEE.
Marchand, Olivier(2010), 50 ans de mutations de l

Meron, Monique et Margaret Maruani(2012), Un sicle de travail des femmes en France, La

dcouverte.

Milewski, Franoise(2013), Le Travail Temps Partiel, CESE.

emploi trs
Pak, Mathilde(2013), Le temps partiel en 2011 : des profils et des conditions d
contrasts selon que le temps partiel est choisi ou subi, Dares Analyses, N5, Janvier.

62_

2014 1 <<

2014 1 pp.63~71

International Labor Trends

-

( )

2013 12 20,

. ,
.


, .
,
.

2012 12 , .
2013 6

>>

_63

 10 , ,
. 3 .
, , ,
, , ,
.
(, Base-up:,
) ,

, 2013 9 20 1 .
.
,
. 1)
. ,

, .
10
.
2002 2005 4 2010 2013 4
. 2002~2005
, /,
.2) .
/,

1)  ,( , 3
) , /

. 1

.
2) (2008), -2000 ,
.

64_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

, / .3)
2010 4 , .
2006 9 26 ( 1 ) 2007
. , 2008,
2009 .
,
.
GDP 30%(, 2012 15%4))
.
. , ,
(2014 4 5% 8% )
,
.

, , , ,
, , ,
3
.

3) 
, 2008 . 2008:
. 2009: . 2010: . 2011:
, . 2012: . 2013:
( , 2013 12 29).
4)  57%. , http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.
ZS/countries/1W?order=wbapi_data_value_1987%20wbapi_data_value%20wbapi_data_valuelast&sort=desc&display=default

>>

_65

 2013 9 20 12 20 5 . 1, 2, 5
.
, 2~4

. ,
,
.
2013 12 20

.


, .

[ ]
,

,
,
(
) .
, .

,
.
, ,
2013 9 20
,
5 .
, , ,

. .

2013 12 20

66_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

[ ]

1.
() ,
, .
.

,
,
25 5)
1 .
/ .
.
,
.
,
.

5)  10% 3 /
. 2014 , 1 .
.

>>

_67

2. /
,
,
.
,
.
, .
()
.

, .
, .

3. /
,
.
,
/
/
.
.
, , /,

.
.

68_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

4.

.

. .
,
.
,
.

.

,
.

,

. 1991 20
. 2002
, 4 .
. ,

.
2012 , ,
/

>>

_69

 ,
.
, .
,
.
,
. , 2014
4 5% 8% , 3%
.
,
, .
.
.
36% ,
, , ,
.
,
.

70_

2014 1 <<

International Labor Trends

(2008), -2000 ,
.

(2013a), .


(2013b), .

(2013c), .

(2013d), .

(2013e), , 1~5 .

>>

_71

2014 1 pp.72~92

World Labor News

:
2013 9 17

, ,

200

, , , , ,

(home care

aides) .

. ,

60

2015 1 .

(baby sitters)
*
(companionship service)

, (companionship service)

20%

(Medicaid: )

40 1.5

(Fair Labor Standard Act) .

* , , .

72_

2014 1 <<


. 20

(Fair Labor

(Medicare: )

Standard Act) .

8.5~12

( 7.25).

40%

(food stamps: )

65 4

, 92% , 30% , 12%

600

, 2030

1,200

: N
 ew York Times, 2013 9 18,U.S.

to Include Home Care Aides in Wage and

Overtime Law

>>

_73

EU : EU , 2015

EU 60 ,

(EIB)

24

. 7

EU

EU 600

, 25

: (Spiegel), 2013 11 12,

, ,

Gipfel zur Jugendarbeitslosigkeit: Ungleiche

74_

2014 1 <<

Partner, gleiches Problem


:
50

10 130

, ,

. 50

10 2

IAB .

(IAB)

39%

49% ,

7% .

:
 (Tagesschau), 2013 11 11

,Immer mehr ltere im Schichtdienst

:
2012,

2012 240

, 2011 5.4%

>>

_75

 2010 3.9%, 2011 4.5%

.

8
6~7% , EU

2012

298, 2010

1 266 30

, (SPD)

137

, 47

, 32

:
 (Tagesschau), 2013 11 13

,Sozialhilfeausgaben auf 24 Milliarden

IV

gestiegen

: 2006

2006

26 , 2013 3

478 6,000

7 7 8 14 2

, 11.9%

26

15.7% .

19 ,

76 .

(Tord Stannefors)

76_

2014 1 <<

23 8 ,

5.5% 5.6% .

. ,

, , ,

: Dagens Nyheter, 2013 11 26,Flest

nya jobb till utrikes fdda

: SACO

.

SACO 5

. ,

, , ,

, , .

SACO

SACO

>>

_77

, 70~75%

SACO

: D
 agens Nyheter, 2013 11 27,Hr
hittar du ditt jobb om fem r

: EU

2025

(occupational mobility)

6 1

, 2010

30% ,

(complementary immigration) .

EU ,

, EU

EU 45 2025 1 900

. 2010

1 3,120 .

EU 27

, ,

. 2014 1 1

, 2

78_

2014 1 <<

: , 2013 11 22,

Immigrationcentralto maintaining young

EU workforce

:
21
(National Insurance: NI) 2015

. 2013

12 5

. 2030

68, 2040 69 .

2060 70

2015 5 (ONS)

2015 4 21

, 3 1

. 21

813( 140 )

2020 66

, 2028 67

. 2014 4

2 ( 350 )

2013 0.6% 1.4%

. 150

. 2014 1.8% 2.4%,

4 2.2%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.7% .

2014 4 1

, 2015/16

. 18~21

2 4

>>

_79

. 6

: 1) BBC, 2013 12 5,Autumn

Statement: At-a-glance summary of key

points

, .

2) , 2013 12 5,

2013 7.6%

Autumn Statement: Employer national

2015 7% 2018 5.6%

insurance contributions to be scrapped for

. 2013

u-21s

40 , 2019 310

. XpertHR

(review or audit)

HR(XpertHR) 129 ( 50

) , 3

1(32%)

. 2008(24%)

77%

41%

40%

35%

30%

80_

2014 1 <<

(49%) .

82%

(64%)

(57%) .

77%

: , 2013 12 6,One-

third of private-sector employers have

(57%),

carried out an equal pay review

: CEE

() . 50

CEE() .

(Libration) 2013 10 11

CEE .

, 10

2011

CEE

. 600

, CEE

440 , 2014 400

. CEE

Noisy-le-Grand

CEE

30%

, ,

, ,

. (

, 2012

) ()

10 (Mireille Elbaum)

. 2013 ,

CEE

CEE 50

, 26 , CNRS(

. CEE

), (INSEE)

>>

_81

,CEE

CEE

CEE

() .

CEE -

- (universit Paris-Est Marne-

la-Valle)

. .

CEE

, CEE

, CEE

, CEE

CEE .

, CEE

CEE ,

: 1) Le Monde, 2013 10 14,Le

Centre d
tudes de l
emploi menac de
dmantlement

2) L
 ibration, 2013 10 11,Centre
d
tudes de l
emploi : la fin du travail?

CEE ,

:
200

40 .

20 6%

. 2005

6%

82_

2014 1 <<


2011 35%

, 64% .

2007 2007 2010

(AGEFIPH) ,

28% . 10

. 2006

81% (

3%, 2.1%. 2011

) . (APF)

3.6%, 2.8%

63%

: Le Monde, 2013 11 18,Handicap:

31% .
,

le tertiaire au secours de lemploi des

personnes handicapes

>>

_83

: ,
2013 10 29

33.0%

2012 9

50%

67%

2013 100%

2013 9 214

( 57.4%).

1.89%(2012

) ,

2014 .

: , 2013 10 30,

22% ,

84_

2014 1 <<


:
7.5, 30~99 6.8.

3.8 .

, 2013 1
18.3,

8.6 47.1%

50% , 50%

. 10 , ,

, 18 ,

8 , 47%( 1

, , , ,

). 2012 49.3%

.
,

, 2013 .
, ,

64.6% ,

17.6%,

17.2%,
10.2%

. 1,000

. ,

10.6, 300~999 8.2, 100~299

60.2%,

[ 1] , ,

48.1

47.4

46.6

47.1

46.6

47.7

47.4

47.1

48.1

49.3

18.2

18

18

17.9

17.7

17.8

18

17.9

17.9

18.3

18.3

8.8

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.6

8.6

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

>>

47.1

_85

[ 2] , , (2013 )

54.6
44.6

19.5

18.5
10.6

1,000

42.3

40.1

17.8

16.9

8.2

7.5

6.8

300~999

100~299

30~99

[ 3] ()
64.6

60.2

52.7

46.9

42.2

33.3

23.9

19.7

, ,

18.6

, ,

17.6

17.2

13.2

10.2
9.8

: (2011),
.

86_

2014 1 <<


52.7%,

9.8%. , ,

46.9%,

18.6%.

42.2%,

33.3%,

23.9% . ,

, ,
19.7%

. ,

13.2%,

:  , 2013 11 21,
25

: 3
2014 3

3

10%
( 10%( 20%) ).

2013

5%

40 , 2011 3

, 2011

1,300 21

(2013 2014 2%, 2015

. 2013 4

3%, 2016 2017 5%).

1 20 40 .

2013

10

2018

: , 2013 11 28 ,

3 .

>>

_87

 : 2012 41 6
2013 9 17 2012

10 . ,

() () .

, , ,

, 2012 (

(), ()

) 2,069 3 , 1,297 5

() 42 , 30 7

2011 41 6

() ,

, .

, 2005
1,538 . 2012

531 3 2,069 3

2012 ()

. 2005

219 5

(),
(), (), (),

10.6% , 2005 2.7%

. *

() () 5 ()

31.6% 2005 4.8% .

. , 2012 (

2005 45.4%

) 1,297 5 2011 19.6

(),

2012 784

, , ()

2 2011 41 6 .

, () ()

. 2.5 /1

*  6 () .
, . ()
, ()
.

88_

2014 1 <<

,
,

: , 2013 9 18,
41.6

: , 70%
(, )

78.8%

52.8%

4 1

()

, 70%

, ,

, 59%
* .

73.5%

. 1,062

2013

, 96.5%

()
, 40%

, 68.6%

78.9%

. ,

* ()
, .

( , , )
.

>>

_89

 56%

. 29.9%

. ()

53.8%

()

()

, ,

. ,

6.1%

73.5%

72.9% , 18.4%

9.3% .

: , 2013 11 1,

59%

: 2013
Towers Watson

2013 11 11 2013

, 6 2013

2012 29.1% 19.0%

. ,

2011

11.6% , 3

90_

2014 1 <<


. ,

. ,

2014 ,

8.5% . 2012

2013 9.3%

, 8.5%.

Towers Watson 2014

2006 2012 6

14.2% 29.1%

, 2013 2009

19.0% .

. Towers Watson

(34.4%), (33.9%), (25.8%),

, 2007 2012 5

(22.5%) , , ,

73%

, 2 83% .

2013 2012

. 4

53,000 2012 42,000

25% .

78,000 2012 52,000 50%

3 23.1%,

17.9% 22.5%

Towers Watson

V .

()

1, 2 ,

. 5

10

, 2012

73.1% 30.7% ,

, ,

>>

_91

(10.2%), (10.0%), (9.55%),

(9.1%), (9.0%),

, ,

(9.0%), (7.9%), (6.8%),

(6.5%) .

: , 2013 11 11,

.
2013

92_

2014 1 <<

Vol. 12 No. 1
2 0 1 4

>>>_

01
( )

>>>_

08

Anne Green ( )

21

Matthias Schulze-Bing ( / )

>>>_

35
( )

>>>_

44
( )

: 54
( 1 )

: 63
( )

>>>_

72

. .
, .
,
.

/ 1
/
/
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, , ,
/
/
/ 150-740 30
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/
/ ()(02-2254-4301)
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/ 2003 4 1
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http://www.kli.re.kr
/ 6,000

.
Fax : 02-782-3308
e-mail : soohyang@kli.re.kr
. .

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2014

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2014

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