Bai Giang Lap Trinh Mang Voi C

1
CHNG 1: CC KIN THC C BN V MNG MY TNH.......................................3

1.1. M hnh tham kho 7 tng OSI........................................................................................3
1.2. H giao thc TCP/IP........................................................................................................5
1.3. So snh gia hai giao thc TCP v UDP.........................................................................6
1.4. Cng giao thc.................................................................................................................7
1.5. a ch IP, cc a ch IP dnh ring................................................................................7
1.6. a ch tn min: loi A, loi MX.. .................................................................................8
1.7. Mt s giao thc tng ng dng: HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP... ...................................8
CHNG 2: LP TRNH MNG TRONG .NET FRAMEWORK ........................................9
2.1. Socket hng kt ni (TCP Socket) ................................................................................9
2.1.1. Gii thiu v NameSpace System.Net v System.Net.Sockets ..............................10
2.1.2. Vit chng trnh cho pha my ch.......................................................................11
2.1.3. Vit chng trnh cho pha my khch...................................................................13
2.1.4. S dng cc lung nhp xut vi Socket................................................................14
2.2. Socket khng hng kt ni (UDP Socket)...................................................................17
2.2.1. Vit chng trnh cho pha my ch.......................................................................17
2.2.2. Vit chng trnh cho pha my khch...................................................................18
2.2.3. S dng lp System.IO.MemoryStream to vng m nhp xut.....................20
2.3. S dng cc lp h tr c xy dng t lp Soket .....................................................20
2.3.1. Lp TCPClient........................................................................................................21
2.3.2. Lp TCPListener ....................................................................................................22
2.3.3. Lp UDPClient .......................................................................................................24
2.4. Socket khng ng b....................................................................................................26
2.4.1. M hnh x l s kin ca windows.......................................................................26
2.4.2. S dng Socket khng ng b ..............................................................................27
2.4.3. V d v Socket khng ng b..............................................................................28
2.4.4. S dng cc phng thc Non-blocking ................................................................35
2.5. S dng Thread trong cc ng dng mng....................................................................39
2.5.1. S dng Thread trong chng trnh .Net ................................................................40
2.5.2. S dng Thread trong cc chng trnh Server ......................................................41
2.5.3. S dng Thread gi/nhn d liu.......................................................................41
2.5.4. S dng ThreadPool trong cc chng trnh .Net ..................................................43
2.5.5. S dng ThreadPool trong cc chng trnh Server...............................................47
2.6. K thut IP Multicasting................................................................................................48
2.6.1. Broadcasting l g?..................................................................................................48
2.6.2. S dng Broadcasting gi d liu n nhiu my trong mng cc b ..............48
2.6.3. Multicasting l g? ..................................................................................................49
2.6.4. Socket Multicasting trong .Net ...............................................................................50
2.7 Bi tp p dng ...............................................................................................................53
CHNG 3: XY DNG NG DNG MNG...................................................................55
3.1. Giao thc ICMP.............................................................................................................55
3.1.1. S dng Raw Socket ...............................................................................................55
3.1.2. S dng giao thc ICMP v Raw Socket xy dng chng trnh Ping.............57
3.1.3. S dng giao thc ICMP v Raw Socket xy dng chng trnh TraceRoute .58
3.2. Giao thc SMTP, POP3.................................................................................................60
3.2.1. C bn v h thng Mail v giao thc SMTP, POP3 .............................................60
3.2.2. Ci t SMTP, POP3 Client/Server ........................................................................60
3.3. Giao thc HTTP.............................................................................................................67
3.3.1. C bn v giao thc HTTP .....................................................................................67
3.3.2. Ci t HTTP Client/Server....................................................................................68
3.4. Giao thc FTP................................................................................................................74
3.4.1. C bn v giao thc FTP ........................................................................................74
3.4.2. Ci t FTP Client/Server.......................................................................................84
2
3.5. DNS (Domain Name Server) .........................................................................................88
3.5.1. Vn phn gii tn min ......................................................................................88
3.5.2. Trin khai DNS MX (Mail Exchange) ...................................................................89
3.6 Tho lun v cc ng dng khc thng gp .................................................................93
3.7 Bi tp p dng ...............................................................................................................93
CHNG 4: XY DNG NG DNG NHIU LP ..........................................................94
4.1. M hnh 2 lp (two tier), 3 lp (three tier) v n lp. .....................................................94
4.2. Remoting........................................................................................................................98
4.2.1. Gii thiu v Remoting.........................................................................................102
4.2.2. Khai bo, ci t v ng k giao din t xa........................................................102
4.2.3. Triu gi phng thc t xa .................................................................................107
4.3. Web Serive...................................................................................................................107
4.3.1. Gii thiu v Web Serives ....................................................................................107
4.3.2. Giao thc SOAP ...................................................................................................109
4.3.3. Xy dng Web Services........................................................................................112
4.3.4. Triu gi Web Services t ng dng .NET, Java v cc ngn ng khc .............114
4.4 Tho lun v cc ng dng phn tn ............................................................................116
4.5. Bi tp p dng ............................................................................................................116
3
CHNG 1: CC KIN THC C BN V MNG MY TNH
1.1. M hnh tham kho 7 tng OSI
M hnh kt ni h thng m c T chc quc t v tiu chun ho ISO
(International Organizaiton for Standardization) a ra nhm cung cp mt m hnh
chun cho cc nh sn xut v cung cp sn phm vin thng p dng theo pht
trin cc sn phm vin thng. tng m hnh ho c to ra cn nhm h tr cho
vic kt ni gia cc h thng v modun ho cc thnh phn phc v mng vin thng.
a. Chc nng ca m hnh OSI:
- Cung cp kin thc v hot ng ca kt ni lin mng
- a ra trnh t cng vic thit lp v thc hin mt giao thc cho kt ni cc thit
b trn mng.
M hnh OSI cn c mt s thun li sau :
- Chia nh cc hot ng phc tp ca mng thnh cc phn cng vic n gin.
- Cho php cc nh thit k c kh nng pht trin trn tng modun chc nng.
- Cung cp cc kh nng nh ngha cc chun giao tip c tnh tng thch cao
plug and play v tch hp nhiu nh cung cp sn phm.
b. Cu trc m hnh OSI:
M hnh OSI gm 7 lp (level), mi lp thc hin cc chc nng ring cho hot ng
kt ni mng.
Hnh 1-1 M t by lp OSI. 4 lp u nh ngha cch thc cho u cui thit lp kt
ni vi nhau trao i d liu. 3 lp trn dng pht trin cc ng dng u
cui kt ni vi nhau v ngi dng.
Aplication
Presentation

Application
(Upper Layer) Session
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link
Physical

Data Lower Layer
Cc lp trn
3 lp trn cng ca m hnh OSI thng c gi l cc lp ng dng (Application
layers) hay cn gi l cc lp cao. Cc lp ny thng lin quan ti giao tip vi
ngi dng, nh dng ca d liu v phng thc truy nhp cc ng dng .
Hnh 1-2 M t cc lp trn v cung cp thng tin vi cc chc nng ca n qua v
d:
- Lp ng dng: chc nng giao Telnet, HTTP
4
Application

tip gia ngi s dng v cc
chng trnh ng dng

Presentation
- Lp trnh by: cch thc chun
ho d liu v trnh by s liu
- C chc nng c bit l m ho
d liu ngi s dung
ASSCII
EBCDIC
JPEC

Session
- Lp phin: thit lp, duy tr v
hu b mt phin lm vic
NFS, SQL
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link
Physical
- Application layer : y l lp cao nht trong m hnh. N l ni m ngi s
dng hoc kt ni cc chng trnh ng dng vi cc th tc cho php truy nhp vo
mng.
- Presentation layer : Lp presentation cung cp cc m v chc nng chuyn
i m c cung cp bi lp ng dng. Cc chc nng m bo rng d liu t
lp ng dng trong mt h thng c th c c bi lp ng dng ca mt h thng
khc. VD : dng m ho d liu t lp ng dng : nh m ho nh jpeg , gif. M
cho php ta c th hin ln trang web .
- Session layer : c s dng thit lp, duy tr v kt thc phin lm vic
gia cc lp presentation. Vic trao i thng tin lp ny bao gm yu cu dch v
v p ng yu cu ca cc ng dng trn thit b khc.
Cc lp di.
4 lp di ca m hnh OSI s dng nh ngha lm th no d liu c
truyn i trong cc dy ni vt l, cc thit b mng v i n trm u cui cui cng
l n cc lp ng dng. Qun sch ny ta ch quan tm n 4 lp cui. V s xem xt
tng lp mt cch chi tit giao thip gia cc lp trong m hnh OSI:
S dng phng php protocal stack kt ni gia hai thit b trong mng. Protocal
stack l mt tp hp cc quy nh dng nh ngha lm th no d liu truyn
qua mng.
V d vi : TCP/IP mi Layer cho php d liu truyn qua. Cc lp trao i cc
thng tin cung cp cuc lin lc gia hai thit b trong mng. Cc lp giao tip vi
nhau s dng Protocal Data Unit (PDU). Thng tin iu khin ca PDU c thm
5
vo vi d liu lp trn. V thng tin iu khin ny nm trong trng gi l trng
header v trailer.
Hnh 1-3 Data encapsulation
Application
Presentation
Upper Layer Data Session
TCP Header Upper Layer Data Transport Segment

IP Header Data Network Packet

LLC Header Data FCS Data Link Frame

MAC Header Data FCS Physical Bits
0101110101001000010
1.2. H giao thc TCP/IP
Cc tng ca giao thc TCP/IP so vi cc tng ca m hnh OSI

Application: Xc nhn quyn, nn d liu v cc dch v cho ngi dng
Transport: X l d liu gia cc h thng va cung cp vic truy cp mng cho cc
ng dng
Network: Tm ng cho cc packet
6
Link: Mc OS hoc cc thit b giao tip mng trn mt my tnh
Mt s im khc nhau ca TCP/IP v m hnh OSI
+ Lp ng dng trong TCP/IP x l chc nng ca lp 5,6,7 trong m hnh OSI
+ Lp transport trong TCP/IP cung cp c ch UDP truyn khng tin cy, transport
trong OSI lun m bo truyn tin cy
+ TCP/IP l mt tp ca cc protocols (mt b giao thc)
+ TCP/IP xy dng trc OSI
Quy trnh ng gi d liu trong m hnh TCP/IP nh sau:

1.3. So snh gia hai giao thc TCP v UDP
7

1.4. Cng giao thc
L mt s nm trong khong 1..65535 dng phn bit gia 2 ng dng mng
vi nhau gn vi a ch IP v Socket
Mt s cng v cc giao thc thng dng:
+ FTP: 21
+ Telnet: 23
+ SMTP: 25
+ POP3: 110
+ HTTP:80
1.5. a ch IP, cc a ch IP dnh ring
Reverved for future use 0 1 1 1 1 Class E
Multicast address 0 1 1 1 Class D
Hostid Netid 0 1 1 Class C
Hostid Netid 0 1 Class B
Hostid Netid 0 Class A
24 16 8 4 3 2 1 0
Reverved for future use 0 1 1 1 1 Class E
Multicast address 0 1 1 1 Class D
Hostid Netid 0 1 1 Class C
Hostid Netid 0 1 Class B
Hostid Netid 0 Class A
24 16 8 4 3 2 1 0

8

1.6. a ch tn min: loi A, loi MX..

1.7. Mt s giao thc tng ng dng: HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP...
- Chng ta s nghin cu chi tit cc giao thc ny chng 3
9

CHNG 2: LP TRNH MNG TRONG .NET FRAMEWORK
2.1. Socket hng kt ni (TCP Socket)
Socket l mt giao din lp trnh ng dng (API) mng
Thng qua giao din ny chng ta c th lp trnh iu khin vic truyn thng gia
hai my s dng cc giao thc mc thp l TCP, UDP
Socket l s tru tng ho mc cao, c th tng tng n nh l thit b truyn
thng hai chiu gi nhn d liu gia hai my tnh vi nhau.
Cc loi Socket
Socket hng kt ni (TCP Socket)
Socket khng hng kt ni (UDP Socket)
Raw Socket
c im ca Socket hng kt ni
C 1 ng kt ni o gia 2 tin trnh
Mt trong 2 tin trnh phi i tin trnh kia yu cu kt ni.
C th s dng lin lc theo m hnh Client/Server
Trong m hnh Client/Server th Server lng nghe v chp nhn mt yu
cu kt ni
Mi thng ip gi u c xc nhn tr v
Cc gi tin chuyn i tun t
c im ca Socket khng hng kt ni
Hai tin trnh lin lc vi nhau khng kt ni trc tip
Thng ip gi i phi km theo a ch ca ngi nhn
Thng ip c th gi nhiu ln
Ngi gi khng chc chn thng ip ti tay ngi nhn
Thng ip gi sau c th n ch trc thng ip gi trc .
S hiu cng ca Socket
10
c th thc hin cc cuc giao tip, mt trong hai qu trnh phi cng
b s hiu cng ca socket m mnh s dng.
Mi cng giao tip th hin mt a ch xc nh trong h thng. Khi qu
trnh c gn mt s hiu cng, n c th nhn d liu gi n cng
ny t cc qu trnh khc.
Qu trnh cn li cng yu cu to ra mt socket.

2.1.1. Gii thiu v NameSpace System.Net v System.Net.Sockets
Cung cp mt giao din lp trnh n gin cho rt nhiu cc giao thc mng.
C rt nhiu lp lp trnh
Ta quan tm lp IPAdress, IPEndPoint, DNS,
Lp IPAdress
Mt s Field cn ch :
Any: Cung cp mt a ch IP ch ra rng Server phi lng nghe trn
tt c cc Card mng
Broadcast: Cung cp mt a ch IP qung b
Loopback: Tr v mt a ch IP lp
AdressFamily: Tr v h a ch ca IP hin hnh
Lp IPAddress
Mt s phng thc cn ch :
Phng thc khi to
IPAddress(Byte[])
IPAddress(Int64)
IsLoopback: Cho bit a ch c phi a ch lp khng
Parse: Chuyn IP dng xu v IP chun
ToString: Tr a ch IP v dng xu
TryParse: Kim tra IP dng xu c hp l khng?
Lp IPEndPoint
Mt s phng thc cn ch :
Phng thc khi to
IPEndPoint (Int64, Int32)
IPEndPoint (IPAddress, Int32)
Create: To mt EndPoint t mt a ch Socket
ToString : Tr v a ch IP v s hiu cng theo khun dng aCh:
Cng, v d: 192.168.1.1:8080
Lp DNS
Mt s thnh phn ca lp:
HostName: Cho bit tn ca my c phn gii
GetHostAddress: Tr v tt c IP ca mt trm
GetHostEntry: Gii p tn hoc a ch truyn vo v tr v i tng
IPHostEntry
11
GetHostName: Ly v tn ca my tnh cc b
NameSpace System.Net.Sockets
Mt s lp hay dng: TcpClient, UdpClient, TcpListener, Socket,
NetworkStream,
to ra Socket
Socket(AddressFamily af, SocketType st, ProtocolType pt)
SocketType Protocoltype Description
Dgram Udp Connectionless communication
Stream Tcp Connection-oriented
communication
Raw Icmp Internet Control Message
Protocol
Raw Raw Plain IP packet communication

using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
class SockProp {
public static void Main() {
IPAddress ia = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");
IPEndPoint ie = new IPEndPoint(ia, 8000);
Socket test = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
Console.WriteLine("AddressFamily: {0}", test.AddressFamily);
Console.WriteLine("SocketType: {0}", test.SocketType);
Console.WriteLine("ProtocolType: {0}", test.ProtocolType);
Console.WriteLine("Blocking: {0}", test.Blocking);
test.Blocking = false;
Console.WriteLine("new Blocking: {0}", test.Blocking);
Console.WriteLine("Connected: {0}", test.Connected);
test.Bind(ie);
IPEndPoint iep = (IPEndPoint)test.LocalEndPoint;
Console.WriteLine("Local EndPoint: {0}", iep.ToString());
test.Close();
Console.ReadKey();
}
}

2.1.2. Vit chng trnh cho pha my ch
Vit chng trnh cho pha my ch
To mt Socket
Lin kt vi mt IPEndPoint cc b
Lng nghe kt ni
Chp nhn kt ni
Gi nhn d liu theo giao thc thit k
12
ng kt ni sau khi hon thnh v tr li trng thi lng nghe ch
kt ni mi
Vit chng trnh cho pha my ch
IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 9050);
Socket newsock = Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
newsock.Bind(ipep);
newsock.Listen(10);
Socket client = newsock.Accept();
//Gi nhn d liu theo giao thc thit k
.
newsock.Close();
Chng trnh Server:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
class Server{
static void Main(string[] args) {
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 2008);
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(iep);
server.Listen(10);
Console.WriteLine("Cho ket noi tu client");
Socket client = server.Accept();
Console.WriteLine("Chap nhan ket noi tu:{0}",
client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
string s = "Chao ban den voi Server";
//Chuyen chuoi s thanh mang byte
byte[] data = new byte[1024];
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s);
//gui nhan du lieu theo giao thuc da thiet ke
client.Send(data,data.Length,SocketFlags.None);
while (true) {
data = new byte[1024];
int recv = client.Receive(data);
if (recv == 0) break;
//Chuyen mang byte Data thanh chuoi va in ra man hinh
s = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);
Console.WriteLine("Clien gui len:{0}", s);
//Neu chuoi nhan duoc la Quit thi thoat
if (s.ToUpper().Equals("QUIT")) break;
//Gui tra lai cho client chuoi s
s = s.ToUpper();
13
client.Send(data, data.Length, SocketFlags.None);
}
client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
client.Close();
server.Close();
}
}
2.1.3. Vit chng trnh cho pha my khch
Vit chng trnh cho pha my khch
Xc nh a ch ca Server
To Socket
Kt ni n Server
ng Socket
Vit chng trnh cho pha my khch
IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(Ipaddress.Parse("192.168.1.6"), 9050);
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Connect(ipep);
Chng trnh Client:
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;

class Client {
Socket client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
client.Connect(iep);
int recv = client.Receive(data);
string s = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);
Console.WriteLine("Server gui:{0}", s);
string input;
while (true) {
input = Console.ReadLine();
//Chuyen input thanh mang byte gui len cho server
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input);
client.Send(data, data.Length, SocketFlags.None);
if (input.ToUpper().Equals("QUIT")) break;
recv = client.Receive(data);
14
Console.WriteLine("Server gui:{0}", s);
}
client.Disconnect(true);
client.Close();
}
}
2.1.4. S dng cc lung nhp xut vi Socket
T Socket ta c th to ra lung nhp xut vi Socket l s dng lp
NetworkStream

Property Description
CanRead Is true if the NetworkStream supports reading
CanSeek Is always false for NetworkStreams
CanWrite Is true if the NetworkStream supports writing
DataAvailable Is true if there is data available to be read
V d chng trnh Client/Server s dng NetworkStream gi v nhn d liu
Chng trnh Client s dng NetworkStream:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
15
class Program {
ProtocolType.Tcp);
NetworkStream ns = new NetworkStream(client);
while (true) {
string input = Console.ReadLine();
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input);
ns.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
int rec = ns.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
string s = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, rec);
Console.WriteLine(s);
}
client.Close();
}
}
Chng trnh Server s dng NetworkStream:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
class Program {
IPEndPoint iep=new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"),2009);
ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(iep);
server.Listen(10);
byte[] data;
while (true) {
int rec = ns.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
s = s.ToUpper();
if (s.Equals("QUIT")) break;
}
16
client.Close();
server.Close();
}
}
Trn c s ca NetworkStream ta c th ni thm cc lung nhp xut theo hng
k t nh StreamReader, StreamWriter
Sau y l mt v d v chng trnh Client/Server s dng lung nhp xut, chng
trnh Server chp php Client gi ln yu cu, nu yu cu l GetDate khng phn bit
ch hoa ch thng th Server tr v cho Client ngy hin ti, nu yu cu l GetTime
khng phan bit hoa thng th Server tr v gi hin ti, nu l Quit th Server ngt
kt ni vi Client, khng phi cc trng hp trn th thng bo khng hiu lnh.
Chng trnh pha Client:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading;
class DateTimeClient {
ProtocolType.Tcp);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ns);
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(ns);
while (true) {
sw.WriteLine(input);
sw.Flush();
string kq = sr.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(kq);
}
sr.Close();
sw.Close();
ns.Close();
client.Close();
}
}
Chng trnh pha Server:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
17
using System.IO;
class DateTimeServer{
ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(iep);
server.Listen(10);
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(ns
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(ns);
string kq="";
while (true) {
string s = sr.ReadLine();
s=s.ToUpper();
if (s.Equals("GETDATE"))
kq = DateTime.Now.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy");
else
if (s.Equals("GETTIME"))
kq = DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss");
else
kq = "Khong hieu lenh";
sw.WriteLine(kq);
sw.Flush();
}
sr.Close();
sw.Close();
client.Close();
}
}
2.2. Socket khng hng kt ni (UDP Socket)
Chng trnh pha my ch
To mt Socket
Lin kt vi mt IPEndPoint cc b
ng Socket
Chng trnh pha my khch
Xc nh a ch Server
To Socket
ng Socket

2.2.1. Vit chng trnh cho pha my ch
using System;
18
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
class Program {
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
server.Bind(iep);
//tao ra mot Endpot tu xa de nhan du lieu ve
IPEndPoint RemoteEp = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
EndPoint remote=(EndPoint)RemoteEp;
int recv = server.ReceiveFrom(data, ref remote);
string s = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);
Console.WriteLine("nhan ve tu Client:{0}", s);
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Chao client");
server.SendTo(data, remote);
while (true) {
data=new byte[1024];
recv = server.ReceiveFrom(data, ref remote);
data=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s);
server.SendTo(data,0,data.Length,SocketFlags.None,remote);
}
server.Close();
}
}
2.2.2. Vit chng trnh cho pha my khch
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;

class Program {
Socket client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
String s = "Chao server";
client.SendTo(data, iep);
EndPoint remote = (EndPoint)iep;
19
int recv = client.ReceiveFrom(data, ref remote);
Console.WriteLine("Nhan ve tu Server{0}",s);
while (true) {
s = Console.ReadLine();
client.SendTo(data, remote);
recv = client.ReceiveFrom(data, ref remote);
}
client.Close();
}
}
S dng Socket khng hng kt ni vit chng trnh chat gia 2 my nh
sau: (Sau ny chng ta c th s dng lp UdpClient)

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Net;

public partial class Form1 : Form {
private Socket udp1;
private IPEndPoint ipremote, iplocal;
public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
}
private void btStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
udp1 = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
iplocal = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"),
int.Parse(txtLocalPort.Text));
udp1.Bind(iplocal);
ipremote = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(txtIp.Text),
int.Parse(txtRemotePort.Text));
Thread tuyen = new Thread(new ThreadStart(NhanDL));
tuyen.Start();
20
}

private void btSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSend.Text);
udp1.SendTo(data, ipremote);
}
private void NhanDL() {
while (true) {
IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
EndPoint remote = (EndPoint)ipe;
int rec = udp1.ReceiveFrom(data, ref remote);
txtNoidung.Text += s + "\r\n";
}
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
MessageBox.Show(txtSend.Text.Substring(0, txtSend.Text.IndexOf(" ")));
}
}

2.2.3. S dng lp System.IO.MemoryStream to vng m nhp xut

2.3. S dng cc lp h tr c xy dng t lp Soket
21
2.3.1. Lp TCPClient
Mc ch ca lp UDPClient trn l dng cho lp trnh vi giao thc UDP,
vi giao thc ny th hai bn khng cn phi thit lp kt ni trc khi gi do vy mc
tin cy khng cao. m bo tin cy trong cc ng dng mng, ngi ta cn
dng mt giao thc khc, gi l giao thc c kt ni : TCP (Transport Control
Protocol). Trn Internet ch yu l dng loi giao thc ny, v d nh Telnet, HTTP,
SMTP, POP3 lp trnh theo giao thc TCP, MS.NET cung cp hai lp c tn l
TCPClient v TCPListener.
- Cc thnh phn ca lp TcpClient
+ Phng thc khi to:
Constructor Method
Name Description
TcpClient ()
To mt i tng TcpClient. Cha t thng s g.
TcpClient
(IPEndPoint)
To mt TcpClient v gn cho n mt EndPoint cc b.
(Gn a ch my cc b v s hiu cng s dng trao
i thng tin v sau)
TcpClient
(RemoteHost: String,
Int32)
To mt i tng TcpClient v kt ni n mt my c
a ch v s hiu cng c truyn vo.. RemoteHost c
th l a ch IP chun hoc tn my.
+ Mt s thuc tnh:
Name Description

Available Cho bit s byte nhn v t mng v c sn
c.

Client Tr v Socket ng vi TCPClient hin hnh.

Connected
Trng thi cho bit kt ni c n Server hay cha ?
+ Mt s phng thc:
Name Description

Close Gii phng i tng TcpClient nhng
khng ng kt ni.

Connect
(RemoteHost,
Port)
Kt ni n mt my TCP khc c Tn v
s hiu cng.
22

GetStream Tr v NetworkStream t gip ta
gi hay nhn d liu. (Thng lm tham
s khi to StreamReader v
StreamWriter) .

Khi gn vo StreamReader v
StreamWriter ri th ta c th gi v nhn
d liu thng qua cc phng thc
Readln, writeline tng ng ca cc lp
ny.

Ta s dng lp TcpClient vit li chng trnh DateTimeClient nh sau:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
class DateTimeClient {
TcpClient client = new TcpClient();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(client.GetStream());
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(client.GetStream());
while (true) {
sw.Flush();
string kq = sr.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(kq);
}
sr.Close();
sw.Close();
client.Close();
}
}

2.3.2. Lp TCPListener
TCPListerner l mt lp cho php ngi lp trnh c th xy dng cc ng
dng Server (V d nh SMTP Server, FTP Server, DNS Server, POP3 Server hay
server t nh ngha .). ng dng server khc vi ng dng Client ch n lun
lun thc hin lng nghe v chp nhn cc kt ni n t Client.
23
Cc thnh phn ca lp TcpListener:
+ Phng thc khi to:
Constructor method
Name Description
TcpListener (Port:
Int32)
To mt TcpListener v lng nghe ti cng ch nh.
TcpListener
(IPEndPoint)
To mt TcpListener vi gi tr Endpoint truyn vo.
TcpListener
(IPAddress, Int32)
To mt TcpListener v lng nghe cc kt ni n ti
a ch IP v cng ch nh.
+ Cc phng thc khc
Name Description

AcceptSocket Chp nhn mt yu cu kt ni ang ch.

AcceptTcpClient Chp nhn mt yu cu kt ni ang ch. (ng dng s
dng ti lnh ny cho n khi no c mt kt ni n)

Pending Cho bit liu c kt ni no ang ch i khng ? (True
= c).

Start Bt u lng nghe cc yu cu kt ni.

Stop Dng vic nghe.

S dng lp TcpListener ta vit li chng trnh DateTime Server nh sau:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
class DateTimeServer{
TcpListener server = new TcpListener(iep);
server.Start();
TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
string kq="";
while (true) {
24
s=s.ToUpper();
if (s.Equals("GETDATE"))
kq = DateTime.Now.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy");
else
if (s.Equals("GETTIME"))
kq = DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss");
else
kq = "Khong hieu lenh";
sw.WriteLine(kq);
sw.Flush();
}
sr.Close();
sw.Close();
client.Close();
}
}

2.3.3. Lp UDPClient
Giao thc UDP (User Datagram Protocol hay User Define Protocol) l mt giao thc
phi kt ni (Connectionless) c ngha l mt bn c th gi d liu cho bn kia m khng cn
bit l bn sn sng hay cha ? (Ni cch khc l khng cn thit lp kt ni gia hai
bn khi tin hnh trao i thng tin). Giao thc ny khng tin cy bng giao thc TCP nhng
tc li nhanh v d ci t. Ngoi ra, vi giao thc UDP ta cn c th gi cc gi tin qung
b (Broadcast) cho ng thi nhiu my.

Trong .NET, lp UDPClient (nm trong System.Net.Sockets) ng gi cc chc nng
ca giao thc UDP.
Constructor methosd Description
UdpClient ()
To mt i tng (th hin) mi ca lp
UDPClient.
UdpClient (AddressFamily)
To mt i tng (th hin) mi ca lp
UDPClient. Thuc mt dng a ch
(AddressFamily) c ch nh.
UdpClient (Int32)
To mt UdpClient v gn (bind) mt cng cho n.
UdpClient (IPEndPoint)
To mt UdpClient v gn (bind) mt IPEndpoint
(gn a ch IP v cng) cho n.
UdpClient (Int32, AddressFamily)
To mt UdpClient v gn s hiu cng,
AddressFamily
25
UdpClient (String, Int32)
To mt UdpClient v thit lp vi mt trm t xa
mc nh.
PUBLIC Method

Name Description

BeginReceive Nhn d liu Khng ng b t my xa.

BeginSend Gi khng ng b d liu ti my xa

Close ng kt ni.

Connect Thit lp mt Default remote host.

EndReceive Kt thc nhn d liu khng ng b trn

EndSend Kt thc vic gi d liu khng ng b trn

Receive Nhn d liu (ng b) do my xa gi. (ng b c
ngha l cc lnh ngay sau lnh Receive ch c thc thi nu
Receive nhn c d liu v . Cn nu n cha nhn
c d ch mt cht th n vn c ch (blocking))

Send Gi d liu (ng b) cho my xa.
V d s dng UdpClient vit chng trnh Chat gia 2 my:
Do chng trnh 2 my l nh nhau ta ch cn vit mt chng trnh copy ra s
dng.
Hnh nh ca n nh sau:

using System;
using System.Data;
26
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
namespace UdpChat {
public Form1() {
}
private void btSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
UdpClient send = new UdpClient();
IPEndPoint iepRemote = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(txtIp.Text),
int.Parse(txtRemotePort.Text));
data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSend.Text);
send.Send(data, data.Length, iepRemote);
txtReceive.Text += "Sender: "+txtSend.Text + "\r\n";
txtSend.Clear();
if (txtSend.Text.ToUpper().Equals("QUIT")) this.Dispose();
}
private void btConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
Thread tuyen = new Thread(new ThreadStart(NhanDl));
tuyen.Start();
}
private void NhanDl() {
UdpClient receiver = new UdpClient(int.Parse(txtLocalPort.Text));
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
while (true) {
data = receiver.Receive(ref iep);
string s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);
if (s.Trim().ToUpper().Equals("QUIT")) break;
txtReceive.Text += "Receiver: "+ s + "\r\n";
}
}
}
}
2.4. Socket khng ng b
2.4.1. M hnh x l s kin ca windows
27
M hnh x l s kin ca Windows c th hin qua hnh sau:
Nh vy thng qua m hnh ny ta c th y nhim cho mt th tc no thc
hin khi s kin sy ra trn cc Control
V d:
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace EventDemo {
public Form1() {
button1.Click += new EventHandler(NhanTiep);
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
MessageBox.Show("Bac da nhan em");
}
private void NhanTiep(object sender, EventArgs e) {
MessageBox.Show("Bac lai nhan em roi");
}
}
}
v d trn chng ta ngoi s kin Click ca button 1 chng ta thm mt x
kin khi button1 c nhn l s kin NhanTiep.

2.4.2. S dng Socket khng ng b
lp trnh khng ng b vi Socket chng ta s dng cc phng thc cho
vic s dng bt ng b
28
Cc phng thc cho vic lp trnh bt ng b c chia lm 2 li thng bt
u bng Begin v End:
Phng thc bt u bng Begin, bt u mt chc nng v c ng
k vi phng thc AsyncCallback
Bt u bng End ch chc nng hon thnh khi AsyncCallback c
gi.
EndSendTo() To send data to a
specific remote host
BeginSendTo()
EndSend() To send data from a
socket
BeginSend()
EndReceiveFrom() To retrieve data from a
BeginReceiveFrom()
EndReceive() To retrieve data from a
socket
BeginReceive()
EndConnect() To connect to a remote
host
BeginConnect()
EndAccept() To accept an incoming
connection
BeginAccept()
Requests Ended BY Description of Request Requests Started By
EndSendTo() To send data to a
BeginSendTo()
EndSend() To send data from a
socket
BeginSend()
EndReceiveFrom() To retrieve data from a
BeginReceiveFrom()
EndReceive() To retrieve data from a
socket
BeginReceive()
EndConnect() To connect to a remote
host
BeginConnect()
EndAccept() To accept an incoming
connection
BeginAccept()
Requests Ended BY Description of Request Requests Started By

- chp nhn kt ni bt ng b ta s dng phng thc BeginAccept() v
EndAccept() nh sau:
Phng thc BeginAccept() v EndAccept()
IAsyncResult BeginAccept(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
Socket EndAccept(IAsyncResult iar);
Thng c dng nh sau:
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
sock.Bind(iep);
sock.Listen(5);
sock.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(CallAccept), sock);
Trong phng thc CallAccept thng c vit nh sau:
private static void CallAccept(IAsyncResult iar) {
Socket server = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
Socket client = server.EndAccept(iar);
. . .
}
- thit lp kt ni theo cch bt ng b chng ta s dng phng thc
BeginConnect() v EndConnect() nh sau:
Phng thc BeginConnect() v EndConnect()
29
Socket newsock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
IPEndPoint iep =new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 9050);
newsock.BeginConnect(iep, new AsyncCallback(Connected), newsock);
Trong phng thc Connected thng c vit nh sau:
public static void Connected(IAsyncResult iar) {
Socket sock = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
try {
sock.EndConnect(iar);
} catch (SocketException) {
Console.WriteLine("Unable to connect to host");
}
}
- gi d liu bt ng b chng ta lm nh sau:
+ Phng thc BeginSend() v EndSend()
+ BeginSend()
IAsyncResult BeginSend(byte[] buffer, int offset, int size, SocketFlags sockflag,
AsyncCallback callback, object state)
V d:
sock.BeginSend(data, 0, data.Length, SocketFlags.None, new
AsyncCallback(SendData), sock);
+ EndSend()
int EndSend(IAsyncResult iar)
Trong phng thc SendData thng c vit nh sau:
private static void SendData(IAsyncResult iar) {
Socket server = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
int sent = server.EndSend(iar);
}
Tng t nh giao thc hng kt ni nu ta s dng gi d liu theo giao thc
khng hng kt ni chng ta cng thc hin tng t nh sau:
Phng thc BeginSendTo() v EndSendTo()
IAsyncResult BeginSendTo(byte[] buffer, int offset, int size, SocketFlags
sockflag, EndPoint ep, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
V d:
IPEndPoint iep = new EndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.6"), 9050);
sock.BeginSendTo(data, 0, data.Length, SocketFlags.None, iep, new
AsynCallback(SendDataTo), sock);
int EndSendTo(IAsyncResult iar)
- nhn d liu bt ng b ta thc hin nh sau:
+ Nhn d liu vi giao thc hng kt ni:
Phng thc BeginReceive v EndReceive()
30
sock.BeginReceive(data, 0, data.Length, SocketFlags.None, new
AsyncCallback(ReceivedData), sock);
Vi ReceivedData c nh ngha nh sau:
void ReceivedData(IAsyncResult iar) {
Socket remote = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
int recv = remote.EndReceive(iar);
string receivedData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0,
recv);
Console.WriteLine(receivedData);
}
+ Nhn d liu bt ng b vi giao thc khng hng kt ni.
Phng thc BeginReceiveFrom() and EndReceiveFrom()
sock.BeginReceive(data, 0, data.Length, SocketFlags.None, ref iep, new
AsyncCallback(ReceiveData), sock);
void ReceiveData(IasyncResult iar){
int recv = remote.EndReceiveFrom(iar);
string stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0,
recv);
Console.WriteLine(stringData);
}

2.4.3. V d v Socket khng ng b
Sau y chng ta s s dng cc phng thc khng ng b vit chng trnh
Client/Server theo Socket bt ng b, mi khi Client gi d liu ln Server, n s in
ra v gi tr li cho Client. M hnh ca client/server s dng cc phng thc bt
ng b nh sau:
31

Chng trnh pha Client:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class AsyncTcpClient:Form
{
private TextBox newText;
private TextBox conStatus;
private ListBox results;
private Socket client;
private byte[] data = new byte[1024];
private int size = 1024;
public AsyncTcpClient()
{
Text = "Asynchronous TCP Client";
Size = new Size(400, 380);
Label label1 = new Label();
label1.Parent = this;
label1.Text = "Enter text string:";
label1.AutoSize = true;
label1.Location = new Point(10, 30);
newText = new TextBox();
newText.Parent = this;
newText.Size = new Size(200, 2 * Font.Height);
newText.Location = new Point(10, 55);
results = new ListBox();
results.Parent = this;
results.Location = new Point(10, 85);
results.Size = new Size(360, 18 * Font.Height);
32
label2.Text = "Connection Status:";
conStatus = new TextBox();
conStatus.Parent = this;
conStatus.Text = "Disconnected";
conStatus.Size = new Size(200, 2 * Font.Height);
conStatus.Location = new Point(110, 325);
Button sendit = new Button();
sendit.Parent = this;
sendit.Text = "Send";
sendit.Location = new Point(220,52);
sendit.Size = new Size(5 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
sendit.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonSendOnClick);
Button connect = new Button();
connect.Parent = this;
connect.Text = "Connect";
connect.Location = new Point(295, 20);
connect.Size = new Size(6 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
connect.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonConnectOnClick);
Button discon = new Button();
discon.Parent = this;
discon.Text = "Disconnect";
discon.Location = new Point(295,52);
discon.Size = new Size(6 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
discon.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonDisconOnClick);
}
void ButtonConnectOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
conStatus.Text = "Connecting...";
Socket newsock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
newsock.BeginConnect(iep, new AsyncCallback(Connected), newsock);
}
void ButtonSendOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
byte[] message = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(newText.Text);
newText.Clear();
client.BeginSend(message, 0, message.Length, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(SendData), client);
}
void ButtonDisconOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
client.Close();
conStatus.Text = "Disconnected";
}
void Connected(IAsyncResult iar)
{
33
client = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
try
{
client.EndConnect(iar);
conStatus.Text = "Connected to: " + client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
client.BeginReceive(data, 0, size, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(ReceiveData), client);
} catch (SocketException)
{
conStatus.Text = "Error connecting";
}
}
void ReceiveData(IAsyncResult iar)
{
int recv = remote.EndReceive(iar);
string stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);
results.Items.Add(stringData);
}
void SendData(IAsyncResult iar)
{
int sent = remote.EndSend(iar);
remote.BeginReceive(data, 0, size, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(ReceiveData), remote);
}
public static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new AsyncTcpClient());
}
}
Chng trnh pha Server:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class AsyncTcpSrvr :Form
{
private TextBox conStatus;
private ListBox results;
private byte[] data = new byte[1024];
private int size = 1024;
private Socket server;
public AsyncTcpSrvr()
{
Text = "Asynchronous TCP Server";
34
label1.Text = "Text received from client:";
label2.Text = "Connection Status:";
conStatus = new TextBox();
conStatus.Parent = this;
conStatus.Text = "Waiting for client...";
conStatus.Size = new Size(200, 2 * Font.Height);
conStatus.Location = new Point(110, 325);
Button stopServer = new Button();
stopServer.Parent = this;
stopServer.Text = "Stop Server";
stopServer.Location = new Point(260,32);
stopServer.Size = new Size(7 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
stopServer.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonStopOnClick);
server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
server.Bind(iep);
server.Listen(5);
server.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(AcceptConn), server);
}
void ButtonStopOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
Close();
}
void AcceptConn(IAsyncResult iar)
{
Socket oldserver = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
Socket client = oldserver.EndAccept(iar);
conStatus.Text = "Connected to: " + client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
string stringData = "Welcome to my server";
byte[] message1 = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(stringData);
client.BeginSend(message1, 0, message1.Length, SocketFlags.None,
}
{
Socket client = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
35
int sent = client.EndSend(iar);
client.BeginReceive(data, 0, size, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(ReceiveData), client);
}
void ReceiveData(IAsyncResult iar)
{
Socket client = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
int recv = client.EndReceive(iar);
if (recv == 0)
{
client.Close();
conStatus.Text = "Waiting for client...";
server.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(AcceptConn), server);
return;
}
string receivedData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);
results.Items.Add(receivedData);
byte[] message2 = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(receivedData);
client.BeginSend(message2, 0, message2.Length, SocketFlags.None,
}
{
Application.Run(new AsyncTcpSrvr());
}
}
2.4.4. S dng cc phng thc Non-blocking
lp trnh bt ng b chng ta c th s dng cc phng thc Non
bloking nh phng thc Poll() v phng thc Select:
+ Phng thc Poll()
bool Poll(int microseconds, SelectMode mode);
SelectRead: Poll() tr v true nu mt trong nhng iu kin sau c
tho:
Nu phng thc Accept() thnh cng
Nu c d liu trn Socket
Nu kt ni ng
SelectWrite: Poll() tr v true nu tho mt trong nhng iu kin sau:
Phng thc Connect() thnh cng
Nu c d liu trn Socket gi
SelectError: Poll() tr v true nu mt trong nhng iu kin sau c
tho:
Nu phng thc Connect() tht bi
Nu c d liu ngoi bng thng chun gi n nhng thuc tnh
OutOfBandInline khng c thit lp l true.
+ Phng thc Select():
36
Socket.Select(IList checkRead, IList checkWrite, IList checkError, int
microseconds)
checkRead monitors the specified sockets for the ability to read data from the
socket.
checkWrite monitors the specified sockets for the ability to write data to the
socket.
checkError monitors the specified sockets for error conditions.
V d ng dng Server s dng phng thc Poll()
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class TcpPollSrvr
{
{
int recv;
IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any,
9050);
Socket newsock = new
Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
newsock.Bind(ipep);
newsock.Listen(10);
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client...");
bool result;
int i = 0;
while (true)
{
i++;
Console.WriteLine("polling for accept#{0}...", i);
result = newsock.Poll(1000000, SelectMode.SelectRead);
if (result)
{
break;
}
}
Socket client = newsock.Accept();
IPEndPoint newclient =
(IPEndPoint)client.RemoteEndPoint;
Console.WriteLine("Connected with {0} at port {1}",
newclient.Address, newclient.Port);

string welcome = "Welcome to my test server";
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(welcome);
client.Send(data, data.Length,
SocketFlags.None);
37

i = 0;
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine("polling for receive #{0}...", i);
i++;
result = client.Poll(3000000, SelectMode.SelectRead);
if (result)
{
i = 0;
if (recv == 0)
break;

Console.WriteLine(
Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv));
client.Send(data, recv, 0);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Disconnected from {0}",
newclient.Address);
client.Close();
newsock.Close();
}
}
Sau y chng ta s vit mt chng trnh Server s dng phng thc Select()
chp nhn 2 kt ni n t client v x l tng kt ni.
Chng trnh Select Server:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class SelectTcpSrvr
{
{
ArrayList sockList = new ArrayList(2);
ArrayList copyList = new ArrayList(2);
Socket main = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
string stringData;
38
int recv;
main.Bind(iep);
main.Listen(2);
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 2 clients...");
Socket client1 = main.Accept();
IPEndPoint iep1 = (IPEndPoint)client1.RemoteEndPoint;
client1.Send(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Welcome to my server"));
Console.WriteLine("Connected to {0}", iep1.ToString());
sockList.Add(client1);
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 1 more client...");
Socket client2 = main.Accept();
IPEndPoint iep2 = (IPEndPoint)client2.RemoteEndPoint;
client2.Send(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Welcome to my server"));
Console.WriteLine("Connected to {0}", iep2.ToString());
sockList.Add(client2);
main.Close();
while (true)
{
copyList = new ArrayList(sockList);
Console.WriteLine("Monitoring {0} sockets...", copyList.Count);
Socket.Select(copyList, null, null, 10000000);
foreach (Socket client in copyList)
{
stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);
Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", stringData);
if (recv == 0)
{
iep = (IPEndPoint)client.RemoteEndPoint;
Console.WriteLine("Client {0} disconnected.", iep.ToString());
client.Close();
sockList.Remove(client);
if (sockList.Count == 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Last client disconnected, bye");
return;
}
}
else
client.Send(data, recv, SocketFlags.None);
39
}
}
}
}
Chng trnh Client:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class SelectTcpClient
{
{
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
string stringData;
int recv;
sock.Connect(iep);
Console.WriteLine("Connected to server");
recv = sock.Receive(data);
while (true)
{
stringData = Console.ReadLine();
if (stringData == "exit")
break;
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(stringData);
sock.Send(data, data.Length, SocketFlags.None);
recv = sock.Receive(data);
}
sock.Close();
}
}
2.5. S dng Thread trong cc ng dng mng
40
Mt s khi nim
- a nhim (Multitasking): L kh nng h iu hnh lm nhiu cng vic ti mt thi
im
- Tin trnh (Process): Khi chy mt ng dng, h iu hnh s cp pht ring cho ng
dng b nh v cc ti nguyn khc. B nh v ti nguyn vt l ring bit ny
c gi l mt tin trnh. Cc ti nguyn v b nh ca mt tin trnh th ch tin
trnh c php truy cp.
- Tuyn (Thread): Trong h thng, mt tin trnh c th c mt hoc nhiu chui thc
hin tch bit nhau v c th chy ng thi. Mi chui thc hin ny c gi l mt
tuyn (Thread). Trong mt ng dng, Thread khi to u tin gi l Thread s cp
hay Thread chnh.
2.5.1. S dng Thread trong chng trnh .Net
s dng Thread trong .Net ta s dng NameSpace System.Threading
- Mt s phng thc thng dng
Public Method
Name
M t
Abort() Kt thc Thread
Join() Buc chng trnh phi ch cho thread kt thc (Block) th mi thc hin
tip (cc cu lnh ng sau Join).
Resume() Tip tc chy thread b tm ngng - suspended.
Sleep() Static method : Tm dng thread trong mt khong thi gian.
Start() Bt u chy (khi ng) mt thread. Sau khi gi phng thc ny, trng
thi ca thread chuyn t trng thi hin hnh sang Running.
Suspend() Tm ngng (ngh) thread. (Phng thc ny b loi khi phin bn
VS.NET 2005)
- Mt s thuc tnh thng dng:
Public Property
Name
M t
CurrentThread This static property: Tr v thread hin hnh ang chy.
IsAlive Tr v gi tr cho bit trng thi thc thi ca thread hin hnh.
IsBackground Sets or gets gi tr cho bit l thread l background hay foreground
thread.
IsThreadPoolThread Gets a value indicating whether a thread is part of a thread pool.
Priority Sets or gets gi tr ch nh u tin (dnh nhiu hay t CPU cho
thread). Cao nht l 4, thp nht l 0.
41
Public Property
Name
M t
ThreadState Ly v trng thi ca thread (ang dng, hay ang chy)
- To mt tuyn trong C#

Thread newThread=newThread(new ThreadStart(newMethod));
.
}
void newMethod() {
. . .
}
2.5.2. S dng Thread trong cc chng trnh Server
- a tuyn hay c ng dng trong cc chng trnh Server, cc chng trnh
i hi ti mt thi im chp nhn nhiu kt ni n t cc Client.
- cc chng trnh Server c th x l nhiu Client ti mt thi im ta c
m hnh ng dng a tuyn nh sau:

Sau y chng ta vit li chng trnh DateTimeServer c s dng Thread nh sau:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
class Program {
server.Start();
while (true) {
42
//chap nhan ket noi
TcpClient client= server.AcceptTcpClient();
//Tao ra tuyen moi de xu ly moi Client
new ClientThread(client);
}
server.Stop();
}
}
class ClientThread {
private Thread tuyen;
private TcpClient client;
public ClientThread(TcpClient client) {
this.client = client;
tuyen = new Thread(new ThreadStart(GuiNhanDL));
tuyen.Start();
}
private void GuiNhanDL() {
StreamWriter sw= new StreamWriter(client.GetStream());
string kq="";
while(true)
{
string s=sr.ReadLine();
s=s.ToUpper();
if(s.Equals("QUIT")) break;
if(s.Equals("GETDATE"))
kq=DateTime.Now.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy");
else
if(s.Equals("GETTIME"))
kq=DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss");
else
kq="Khong hieu lenh";
sw.WriteLine(kq);
sw.Flush();
}
client.Close();
}
}
2.5.3. S dng Thread gi/nhn d liu
ng dng a tuyn trong vic gi nhn d liu chng ta vit chng trnh Chat
theo giao thc TCP nh sau:
43

ng dng m hnh x l s kin ca Windows v a tuyn v Socket khng
ng b ta ch cn vit mt chng trnh sau dch ra, ta chy ng dng nhn Listen
n s lng nghe trong vai tr Server cn khi ta chy v nhn Connect n s ng vai
tr Client v kt ni ti Server.

Vn bn chng trnh nh sau:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
44
class TcpChat:Form
{
private static TextBox newText;
private static ListBox results;
private static Socket client;
private static byte[] data = new byte[1024];
public TcpChat()
{
Text = "TCP Chat Program";

sendit.Location = new Point(220,52);
Button connect = new Button();
connect.Parent = this;
connect.Text = "Connect";
connect.Location = new Point(295, 20);
connect.Size = new Size(6 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
connect.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonConnectOnClick);
Button listen = new Button();
listen.Parent = this;
listen.Text = "Listen";
listen.Location = new Point(295,52);
listen.Size = new Size(6 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
listen.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonListenOnClick);
}
void ButtonListenOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
results.Items.Add("Listening for a client...");
Socket newsock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
45
newsock.Bind(iep);
newsock.Listen(5);
newsock.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(AcceptConn), newsock);
}
void ButtonConnectOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
results.Items.Add("Connecting...");
client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
ProtocolType.Tcp);
client.BeginConnect(iep, new AsyncCallback(Connected), client);
}
void ButtonSendOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea)
{
newText.Clear();
client.BeginSend(message, 0, message.Length, 0,
}
void AcceptConn(IAsyncResult iar)
{
Socket oldserver = (Socket)iar.AsyncState;
client = oldserver.EndAccept(iar);
results.Items.Add("Connection from: " + client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
Thread receiver = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReceiveData));
receiver.Start();
}
void Connected(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
client.EndConnect(iar);
results.Items.Add("Connected to: " + client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
Thread receiver = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReceiveData));
receiver.Start();
} catch (SocketException)
{
results.Items.Add("Error connecting");
}
}
{
int sent = remote.EndSend(iar);
}
void ReceiveData()
{
int recv;
46
string stringData;
while (true)
{
if (stringData == "bye")
break;
results.Items.Add(stringData);
}
stringData = "bye";
byte[] message = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(stringData);
client.Send(message);
client.Close();
results.Items.Add("Connection stopped");
return;
}
{
Application.Run(new TcpChat());
}
}

2.5.4. S dng ThreadPool trong cc chng trnh .Net
Method Description
BindHandle() Binds an operating system handle to the
thread pool
GetAvailableThreads() Gets the number of worker threads
available for use in the thread pool
GetMaxThreads() Gets the maximum number of worker
threads available in the thread pool
QueueUserWorkItem() Queues a user delegate to the thread
pool
RegisterWaitForSingleObject() Registers a delegate waiting for a
WaitHandle object
UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem() Queues an unsafe user delegate to the
thread pool but does not propagate the
calling stack onto the worker thread
UnsafeRegisterWaitForSingleObject() Registers an unsafe delegate waiting for
a WaitHandle object
using System;
class ThreadPoolSample
{
47
{
ThreadPoolSample tps = new ThreadPoolSample();
}
public ThreadPoolSample()
{
int i;
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(Counter));
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(Counter2));
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("main: {0}", i);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
void Counter(object state)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(" thread: {0}", i);
Thread.Sleep(2000);
}
}
void Counter2(object state)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(" thread2: {0}", i);
Thread.Sleep(3000);
}
}
}

2.5.5. S dng ThreadPool trong cc chng trnh Server
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class ThreadPoolTcpSrvr
{
private TcpListener client;
public ThreadPoolTcpSrvr()
{
client = new TcpListener(9050);
client.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Waiting for clients...");
while(true)
{
while (!client.Pending())
{
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
ConnectionThread newconnection = new ConnectionThread();
newconnection.threadListener = this.client;
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new
WaitCallback(newconnection.HandleConnection));
}
}
{
ThreadPoolTcpSrvr tpts = new ThreadPoolTcpSrvr();
48
}
}
class ConnectionThread
{
public TcpListener threadListener;
private static int connections = 0;
public void HandleConnection(object state)
{
int recv;
TcpClient client = threadListener.AcceptTcpClient();
NetworkStream ns = client.GetStream();
connections++;
Console.WriteLine("New client accepted: {0} active connections",
connections);
string welcome = "Welcome to my test server";
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(welcome);
while(true)
{
recv = ns.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
if (recv == 0)
break;

ns.Write(data, 0, recv);
}
ns.Close();
client.Close();
connections;
Console.WriteLine("Client disconnected: {0} active connections",
connections);
}
}

2.6. K thut IP Multicasting
2.6.1. Broadcasting l g?
Broadcast, ting Vit gi l qung b. Trong h thng mng hu tuyn, qung b l
thut ng dng ch vic gi mt gi thng tin n tt cc nt mng trong mng.
thc hin hnh thc qung b, a ch n ca gi tin s l a ch qung b.
C hai loi l: Local Broadcast v Global Broadcast
2.6.2. S dng Broadcasting gi d liu n nhiu my trong mng cc b
Gi gi d liu Broadcast
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
class BadBroadcast {
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Broadcast, 9050);
byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("This is a test message");
sock.SendTo(data, iep);
sock.Close();
}
49
}

Chng ta phi thit lp nh sau:

class Broadcst {
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
IPEndPoint iep1 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Broadcast, 9050);
IPEndPoint iep2 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.255"), 9050);
string hostname = Dns.GetHostName();
byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(hostname);
sock.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
SocketOptionName.Broadcast, 1);
sock.SendTo(data, iep1);
sock.SendTo(data, iep2);
sock.Close();
}
}

Nhn gi d liu Broadcast
class RecvBroadcst {
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
sock.Bind(iep); EndPoint ep = (EndPoint)iep;
Console.WriteLine("Ready to receive"); byte[] data = new byte[1024];
int recv = sock.ReceiveFrom(data, ref ep);
Console.WriteLine("received: {0} from: {1}", stringData, ep.ToString());
data = new byte[1024]; recv = sock.ReceiveFrom(data, ref ep);
Console.WriteLine("received: {0} from: {1}",stringData, ep.ToString());
sock.Close();
}
}
2.6.3. Multicasting l g?
Mt a ch multicast cho php thit b gi d liu ti mt tp xc nh trc cc host,
c bit n nh cc nhm multicast, trong cc mng con khc nhau.
Mt s a ch Multicast
a ch multicast Chc nng
224.0.0.0 a ch c s
224.0.0.1 Tt c cc h thng trn mng con ny
224.0.0.2 Tt c cc Router trn mng con ny
50
224.0.0.5 Cc DR trong OSPF
224.0.1.9 Nhm a ch RIPv2
224.0.1.24 Nhm a ch WINS server
C 2 k thut Multicast c s dng
+ Peer to Peer

+ Central Server

2.6.4. Socket Multicasting trong .Net
S dng phng thc SetSocketOption()
51
Socket option c th c s dng
Thm mt Socket vo nhm Multicast
Loi mt Socket khi nhm Multicast
SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel,SocketOptionName, optionValue)
SocketOptionName
AddMembership
DropMembership
S dng phng thc SetSocketOption()
Socket option c th c s dng
optionValue l mt i tng ca lp MulticastOption
MulticastOption(IPAddress) MulticastOption(IPAddress,IPAddress)
V d thm mt Socket vo nhm Multicast 224.100.0.1
sock.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IP,
SocketOptionName.AddMembership, new
MulticastOption(IPAddress.Parse("224.100.0.1"));
Gi d liu Multicast
class MultiSend{
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
server.SendTo(data, iep);
server.Close();
}
}

Nhn d liu Multicast
class MultiRecv{
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
Console.WriteLine("Ready to receive");
EndPoint ep = (EndPoint)iep;
sock.Bind(iep);
SocketOptionName.AddMembership,
new MulticastOption(IPAddress.Parse("224.100.0.1")));
int recv = sock.ReceiveFrom(data, ref ep);
Console.WriteLine("received: {0} from: {1}", stringData, ep.ToString());
sock.Close();
}
}
52
Gi d liu Multicast vi TTL
class NewMultiSend{
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
IPEndPoint iep2 = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("224.100.0.1"), 9050);
server.Bind(iep);
server.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IP,
server.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IP,
SocketOptionName.MulticastTimeToLive, 50);
server.SendTo(data, iep2);
server.Close();
}
}
Multicast vi lp UdpClient
JoinMulticastGroup()
DropMulticastGroup()
JoinMulticastGroup() l phng thc overload
JoinMulticastGroup(IPAddress)
JoinMulticastGroup(IPAddress, int)
class UdpClientMultiSend{
UdpClient sock = new UdpClient();
sock.Send(data, data.Length, iep);
sock.Close();
}
}
class UdpClientMultiRecv
{
{
UdpClient sock = new UdpClient(9050);
Console.WriteLine("Ready to receive");
sock.JoinMulticastGroup(IPAddress.Parse("224.100.0.1"), 50);
byte[] data = sock.Receive(ref iep);
string stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, data.Length);
Console.WriteLine("received: {0} from: {1}", stringData, iep.ToString());
sock.Close();
}
}
53
2.7 Bi tp p dng
class MulticastChat : Form{
TextBox newText;
ListBox results;
Socket sock;
Thread receiver;
IPEndPoint multiep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("224.100.0.1"), 9050);
public MulticastChat() {
Text = "Multicast Chat Program";
sendit.Location = new Point(220, 52);
Button closeit = new Button();
closeit.Parent = this;
closeit.Text = "Close";
closeit.Location = new Point(290, 52);
closeit.Size = new Size(5 * Font.Height, 2 * Font.Height);
closeit.Click += new EventHandler(ButtonCloseOnClick);
sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram,
ProtocolType.Udp);
sock.Bind(iep);
54
receiver = new Thread(new ThreadStart(packetReceive));
receiver.IsBackground = true;
receiver.Start();
}
void ButtonSendOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea) {
newText.Clear();
sock.SendTo(message, SocketFlags.None, multiep);
}
void ButtonCloseOnClick(object obj, EventArgs ea) {
receiver.Abort();
sock.Close();
Close();
}
void packetReceive() {
EndPoint ep = (EndPoint)multiep;
string stringData;
int recv;
while (true) {
recv = sock.ReceiveFrom(data, ref ep);
results.Items.Add("from " + ep.ToString() + ": " + stringData);
}
}
Application.Run(new MulticastChat());
}
}
55

CHNG 3: XY DNG NG DNG MNG

3.1. Giao thc ICMP
Gii thiu giao thc ICMP (Internetwork Control Message Protocol)

- Giao thc ICMP hot ng trn layer 2 - Internetwork trong m hnh TCP/IP hoc
layer 3 - Network trong m hnh OSI
Cho php kim tra v xc nh li ca Layer 3 Internetwork trong m hnh TCP/IP
bng cch nh ngha ra cc loi thng ip c th s dng xc nh xem mng hin
ti c th truyn c gi tin hay khng.
Trong thc t, ICMP cn cc thnh phn ca mi gi tin IP c th hot ng c.
Cu trc ca gi tin IP v ICMP

+ Type: c th l mt query hay mt li
+ Code: Xc nh y l loi query hay thng ip li
+ Checksum: Kim tra v sa li cho d liu ICMP
+ Message: Tu thuc vo Type v Code

3.1.1. S dng Raw Socket
Gi tin ICMP khng s dng TCP hoc UDP nn chng ta khng th s dng cc lp
c h tr nh TcpClient hay UdpClient m phi s dng mt Raw Socket
Mun to Raw Socket khi to ra Socket bn s dng SocketType.Raw, giao thc
ICMP
To Raw Socket nh sau
Socket sock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw,
ProtocolType.Icmp);
Raw Socket Format

Value Description
Ggp Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol
Icmp Internet Control Message Protocol
56
Idp IDP Protocol
Igmp Internet Group Management Protocol
IP A raw IP packet
Ipx Novell IPX Protocol
ND Net Disk Protocol
Pup Xerox PARC Universal Protocol (PUP)
Raw A raw IP packet
Spx Novell SPX Protocol
SpxII Novell SPX Version 2 Protocol
Unknown An unknown protocol
Unspecified An unspecified protocol
Gi gi d liu Raw
ICMP l giao thc khng hng kt ni
S dng phng thc SendTo() ca lp Socket gi
Cng trong giao thc ICMP khng quan trng

sock.SendTo(packet, iep);
Nhn gi d liu Raw
S dng phng thc ReceiveForm ca lp Socket
D liu nhn v l mt gi tin IP chng ta phi tch ra ly gi tin ICMP
Raw Socket khng t ng nh dng gi tin ICMP cho chng ta. Chng ta phi t lm
Data Variable Size Type
Type 1 byte Byte
Code 1 byte Byte
Checksum 2 bytes Unsigned 16-bit integer
Message multibyte Byte array
nh ngha lp v phng thc khi to mc nh
class ICMP {
public byte Type;
public byte Code;
public UInt16 Checksum;
public int Messagesize;
public byte[] Message = new byte[1024];
public ICMP() {
}
}
To ra gi tin ICMP
ICMP packet = new ICMP();
57
packet.Type = 0x08;
packet.Code = 0x00;
packet.Checksum = 0;
public ICMP(byte[] data, int size) {
Type = data[20];
Code = data[21];
Checksum = BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, 22);
MessageSize = size - 24;
Buffer.BlockCopy(data, 24, Message, 0, MessageSize);
}
public byte[] getBytes() {
byte[] data = new byte[MessageSize + 9];
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Type), 0, data, 0, 1);
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Code), 0, data, 1, 1);
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(Checksum), 0, data, 2, 2);
Buffer.BlockCopy(Message, 0, data, 4, MessageSize);
return data;
}
public UInt16 getChecksum() {
UInt32 chcksm = 0;
byte[] data = getBytes();
int packetsize = MessageSize + 8;
int index = 0;
while (index < packetsize) {
chcksm += Convert.ToUInt32(BitConverter.ToUInt16(data, index));
index += 2;
}
chcksm = (chcksm >> 16) + (chcksm & 0xffff);
chcksm += (chcksm >> 16);
return (UInt16)(~chcksm);
}
3.1.2. S dng giao thc ICMP v Raw Socket xy dng chng trnh Ping
58

class Program {
int recv;
Socket host = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw,
ProtocolType.Icmp);
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(argv[0]), 0);
packet.Type = 0x08;
packet.Code = 0x00;
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes((short)1), 0, packet.Message, 0, 2);
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes((short)1), 0, packet.Message, 2, 2);
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("test packet");
Buffer.BlockCopy(data, 0, packet.Message, 4, data.Length);

packet.MessageSize = data.Length + 4;
int packetsize = packet.MessageSize + 4;
UInt16 chcksum = packet.getChecksum();
packet.Checksum = chcksum;
host.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, 3000);
host.SendTo(packet.getBytes(), packetsize, SocketFlags.None, iep);
try {
recv = host.ReceiveFrom(data, ref ep);
Console.WriteLine("No response from remote host");
return;
}
ICMP response = new ICMP(data, recv);
Console.WriteLine("response from: {0}", ep.ToString());
Console.WriteLine(" Type {0}", response.Type);
Console.WriteLine(" Code: {0}", response.Code);
int Identifier = BitConverter.ToInt16(response.Message, 0);
59
int Sequence = BitConverter.ToInt16(response.Message, 2);
Console.WriteLine(" Identifier: {0}", Identifier);
Console.WriteLine(" Sequence: {0}", Sequence);
string stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(response.Message, 4,
response.MessageSize - 4);
Console.WriteLine(" data: {0}", stringData);
host.Close();
}
}

3.1.3. S dng giao thc ICMP v Raw Socket xy dng chng trnh
TraceRoute
class TraceRoute {
public static void Main(string[] argv) {
int recv, timestart, timestop;
Socket host = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Icmp);
IPHostEntry iphe = Dns.Resolve(argv[0]);
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(iphe.AddressList[0], 0);
packet.Type = 0x08;
packet.Code = 0x00;
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(1), 0, packet.Message, 0, 2);
Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(1), 0, packet.Message, 2, 2);
data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("test packet");
Buffer.BlockCopy(data, 0, packet.Message, 4, data.Length);
packet.MessageSize = data.Length + 4;
int packetsize = packet.MessageSize + 4;
UInt16 chcksum = packet.getCchecksum();
packet.Checksum = chcksum;
host.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, 3000);
int badcount = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
host.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IP,
SocketOptionName.IpTimeToLive, i);
timestart = Environment.TickCount;
host.SendTo(packet.getBytes(), packetsize, SocketFlags.None, iep);
try {
recv = host.ReceiveFrom(data, ref ep);
timestop = Environment.TickCount;
ICMP response = new ICMP(data, recv);
if (response.Type == 11)
Console.WriteLine("hop {0}: response from {1}, {2}ms",
i, ep.ToString(), timestop - timestart);
if (response.Type == 0) {
Console.WriteLine("{0} reached in {1} hops, {2}ms.",
ep.ToString(), i, timestop - timestart);
break;
60
}
badcount = 0;
Console.WriteLine("hop {0}: No response from remote host", i);
badcount++;
if (badcount == 5) {
Console.WriteLine("Unable to contact remote host");
break;
}
}
}
host.Close();
}
}
3.2. Giao thc SMTP, POP3
3.2.1. C bn v h thng Mail v giao thc SMTP, POP3

61

* Giao thc SMTP
Mt s lnh c bn ca giao thc SMTP:
Lnh M t
HELO Hello. S dng xc nh ngi gi in. Lnh ny ny i
km vi tn ca host gi in. Trong ESTMP (extended
protocol), th lnh ny s l EHLO.
MAIL Khi to mt giao dch gi th. N kt hp "from" xc nh
ngi gi th.
RCPT Xc nh ngi nhn th.
DATA Thng bo bt u ni dung thc s ca bc in (phn thn
ca th). D liu c m thnh dng m 128-bit ASCII v n
c kt thc vi mt dng n cha du chm (.).
RSET Hu b giao dch th
VRFY S dng xc thc ngi nhn th.
NOOP N l lnh "no operation" xc nh khng thc hin hnh
ng g
QUIT Thot khi tin trnh kt thc
SEND Cho host nhn bit rng th cn phi gi n u cui khc.

Mt s lnh khng yu cu phi c c xc nh bng RFC 821
SOML Send or mail. Bo vi host nhn th rng th phi
gi n u cui khc hoc hp th.
SAML Send and mail. Ni vi host nhn rng bc in
phi gi ti ngi dng u cui v hp th.
EXPN S dng m rng cho mt mailing list.
HELP Yu cu thng tin gip t u nhn th.
TURN Yu cu host nhn gi vai tr l host gi th.

- M trng thi ca SMTP
Khi mt MTA gi mt lnh SMTP ti MTA nhn th MTA nhn s tr li vi
mt m trng thi cho ngi gi bit ang c vic g xy ra u nhn. V di y
l bng m trng thi ca SMTP theo tiu chun RFC 821. Mc ca trng thi c
62
xc nh bi s u tin ca m (5xx l li nng, 4xx l li tm thi, 1xx3xx l hot
ng bnh thng).
- Mt s m trng thi ca SMTP
211 Tnh trng h thng, hay reply gip h thng
214 Thng ip gip .
220 <domain> dch v sn sng
221 <domain> dch v ng knh giao chuyn
250 Hnh ng mail yu cu OK, hon thnh
251 User khng cc b; s hng n <forward-path>
354 Khi ng vic nhp mail; kt thc vi <CLRF>. <CLRF>
421 <domain> dch v khng s dng c, ng knh giao chuyn
450 Khng ly hnh ng mail yu cu; mailbox khng hiu lc
451 Khng nhn hnh ng c yu cu; lu tr ca h thng khng .
500 Li c php; khng chp nhn lnh
501 Li c php trong tham s hay i s
502 Lnh khng c cung cp
503 Dng lnh sai
504 Tham s ca dng lnh khng c cung cp
550 Khng nhn hnh ng c yu cu ; mailbox khng hiu lc
[nh mailbox khng tm thy hay khng truy cp c]
551 User khng cc b; vui lng th <forward-path>
552 B qua hnh ng m mail yu cu, vt qu ch nh lu tr
554 Khng nhn hnh ng c yu cu; tn mailbox khng c
chp nhn. [nh sai c php mailbox] giao chuyn sai.
- nh dng ca mt bc th thng thng khng c phn nh km nh sau:

* Giao thc POP3
Giao thc dng ly th, POP3 Server lng nghe trn cng 110, m t trong
RFC 1939
63
- Mt s lnh ca POP3
USER Xc nh username
PASS Xc nh password
STAT Yu cu v trng thi ca hp th nh s lng th v ln ca th
LIST Hin danh sch ca th
RETR Nhn th
DELE Xo mt bc th xc nh
NOOP Khng lm g c
RSET Khi phc li nh th xo (rollback)
QUIT Thc hin vic thay i v thot ra

3.2.2. Ci t SMTP, POP3 Client/Server
Vit chng trnh gi Mail n gin theo giao thc SMTP
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
class Program {
string nguoigui, nguoinhan, tieude,body;
string diachimaychu;
int portmaychu;
Console.Write("Nhap di chu SMTP Server:");
diachimaychu = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Nhap cong cua may chu:");
portmaychu = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Nhap dia chi nguoi gui:");
nguoigui = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Nhap dia chi nguoi nhan:");
nguoinhan = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Nhap tieu de buc thu:");
tieude = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Nhap noi dung buc thu:");
body= Console.ReadLine();
//Tao Endpoit cua may chu
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(diachimaychu), portmaychu);
string Data = "Helo";
sw.WriteLine(Data);
sw.Flush();
//Doc thong bao tu Server gui ve va xu ly neu can thiet
Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadLine());
64
//Gui dia chi nguyoi gui
Data = "MAIL FROM: <" + nguoigui + ">";
sw.WriteLine(Data);
sw.Flush();
//Gui dia chi nguyoi gui
Data = "RCPT TO: <" + nguoinhan + ">";
sw.WriteLine(Data);
sw.Flush();
//Bat dau gui noi dung buc thu
Data = "Data";
sw.WriteLine(Data);
sw.Flush();
//Gui noi dung buc thu
Data = "SUBJECT:" + tieude + "\r\n" + body + "\r\n" + "." + "\r\n";
sw.WriteLine(Data);
sw.Flush();
//Ngat ket noi
Data = "QUIT";
sw.WriteLine(Data);
sw.Flush();
sr.Close();
sw.Close();
client.Close();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
65
Vit chng trnh ly th n gin theo giao thc POP3

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
namespace MyPop3 {
TcpClient popclient;
StreamReader sr;
StreamWriter sw;
public Form1() {
66
}

private void btLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
IPEndPoint iep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(txtPOP.Text),
int.Parse(txtPort.Text));
popclient = new TcpClient();
popclient.Connect(iep);
sr = new StreamReader(popclient.GetStream());
sw = new StreamWriter(popclient.GetStream());
sr.ReadLine();
string data = "";
data = "User " + txtUser.Text;
sw.WriteLine(data);
sw.Flush();
sr.ReadLine();
data = "PASS " + txtPass.Text;
sw.WriteLine(data);
sw.Flush();
sr.ReadLine();
data = "LIST";
sw.WriteLine(data);
sw.Flush();
lstHeader.Items.Clear();
char[] ch = { ' ' };
string[] tam = s.Split(ch);
//MessageBox.Show("so buc thu la:" + tam[1]);
while ((s = sr.ReadLine()) != ".") {
lstHeader.Items.Add(s);
}
}

private void lstHeader_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) {
int i = lstHeader.SelectedIndex + 1;
//Lay buc thu ve va tien hanh phan tich
string data = "RETR " + i.ToString();
sw.WriteLine(data);
sw.Flush();
string s;
//MessageBox.Show(sr.ReadLine());
//Lay phan header
while ((s = sr.ReadLine().Trim()) != null) {
//MessageBox.Show(s);
if (s.Length == 0) break;
if (s.ToUpper().StartsWith("DATE")) {
DateTime dt=DateTime.Parse(s.Substring(5, s.Length - 5));
txtDate.Text = dt.ToShortDateString() +" " +dt.ToLongTimeString();
}
if (s.ToUpper().StartsWith("FROM"))
67
txtFrom.Text = s.Substring(5, s.Length - 5);
if (s.ToUpper().StartsWith("TO"))
txtTo.Text = s.Substring(3, s.Length - 3);
if (s.ToUpper().StartsWith("SUBJECT"))
txtSubject.Text = s.Substring(8, s.Length - 8);
}
//Lay phan body
textBox4.Clear();
//MessageBox.Show("Lay body");
while (!sr.EndOfStream) {
s = sr.ReadLine().Trim();
if (s.Equals(".")) break;
textBox4.Text += s + "\r\n";
}
//MessageBox.Show("Het noi dung buc thu");
}
}
}
3.3. Giao thc HTTP
3.3.1. C bn v giao thc HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) giao thc truyn siu vn bn. HTTP l
giao thc tng ng dng cho Web. N hot ng theo m hnh client/server.
- Client: browser yu cu, nhn, hin th cc i tng Web.
- Server: Web server gi cc i tng
Hai phin bn ca giao thc HTTP hin c ph bin l HTTP1.0 c c t
trong RFC 1945 v HTTP1.1 c c t trong RFC 2068.
HTTP l giao thc khng trng thi server khng lu li cc yu cu ca client.
HTTP s dng giao thc TCP ca tng giao vn. Cc bc tin hnh t khi client kt
ni ti server sau gi v nhn kt qu t server gi v nh sau:
68
+ client khi to kt ni TCP (to socket) vi server, qua cng 80
+ server chp nhn kt ni TCP t client
+ Cc thng ip HTTP (thng ip tng ng dng) c trao i gia browser
(HTTP client) v Web server (HTTP server)
+ ng kt ni TCP.
Chng ta xem mt v d v qu trnh trao i gia browser v Web server nh sau:

C hai kiu thng ip HTTP l yu cu (Request) v tr li (Response). Cc
thng ip c nh dng kiu m ASCII.
nh dng thng ip yu cu HTTP
5. HTTP client nhn thng ip
tr li bao gm tp html,
hin th html.Phn tch tp
html file, tm 10 jpeg i
tng c tham chiu
6. Cc bc t 1 n 5 c lp
li cho tng i tng trong
10 i tng jpeg
4. HTTP server ng kt ni TCP.
time
User nhp URL
www.someSchool.edu/someDepartment/home.index
1a. HTTP client khi to kt ni
TCP ti HTTP server (tin
trnh)ti a ch
www.someSchool.edu. Cng
mc nh l 80.
2. HTTP client gi thng ip yu
cu HTTP (bao gm URL)
vo trong TCP connection
socket
1b. HTTP server i ch
www.someSchool.edu i
kt ni TCP cng 80, chp
nhn kt ni, thng bo li
cho client.
3. HTTP server nhn thng ip yu
cu,ly cc i tng c yu cu
gi vo trong thng ip tr li,
(someDepartment/home.index) gi
thng ip vo socket
(bao gm text,
tham chiu ti 10
nh dng jpeg)
69

nh dng thng ip tr li HTTP

HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Date: Thu, 06 Aug 1998 12:00:15 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.0 (Unix)
Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 ...
Content-Length: 6821
Content-Type: text/html

data data data data data ...
Dng trng thi
(m trng thi)
Nhng dng header
d liu,e.g.,
tp html c
yu cu
GET /somedir/page.html HTTP/1.0
User-agent: Mozilla/4.0
Accept: text/html, image/gif,image/jpeg
Accept-language:fr

(CR,LF)
Nhng dng header
CR,LF,k hiu kt
thc thng ip
Dng yu cu
(lnh GET, POST,
HEAD)
70
Qu trnh trao i gia Browser v Web Server c th c minh ha nh hnh sau:

M trng thi trong thng ip HTTP Response: c ghi dng u tin trong thng
ip response t server v client.
Mt s m thng gp:
200 OK
Yu cu thnh cng,cc i tng c yu cu phn sau thng ip.
301 Moved Permanently
i tng c yu cu c chuyn v a ch mi ca i tng c t
trong trng Location:
400 Bad Request
Server khng hiu c thng ip yu cu
404 Not Found
Ti liu c yu cu khng c trong server
505 HTTP Version Not Supported
Server khng h tr version ca giao thc HTTP.
- kim tra cc lnh ca HTTP bn pha Client chng ta c th thc hin nh sau:
+ Telnet ti Web server
71
+ Lnh GET trong thng ip HTTP
+ Xem thng ip response c gi v t Server
- G cc lnh khc kim tra.
3.3.2. Ci t HTTP Client/Server
a. Chng trnh HTTP Client
using System;
using System.IO;

namespace HttpView {
public partial class MainForm : Form
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main(string[] args){
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
Application.Run(new MainForm());
}
public MainForm(){
//
// The InitializeComponent() call is required for Windows Forms designer
support.
//

//
// TODO: Add constructor code after the InitializeComponent() call.
//
}
// Gi yu cu v nhn v phn hi t web server
void BtGoClick(object sender, EventArgs e){
//Thm tin t http:// nu khng c
if (txtAddress.Text.StartsWith("http://", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
== false)
txtAddress.Text = "http://" + txtAddress.Text;
try{
client.Connect(GetHost(txtAddress.Text), GetPort(txtAddress.Text));
}
catch{
To kt ni TCP cng 80
(cng mc nh cho HTTP server)
at www.eurecom.fr.
telnet www.eurecom.fr 80
GET /~ross/index.html HTTP/1.0
Gi thng ip yu cu ly tp
Index.html trong th mc ~ross
v client
72
rtfBody.Text = "Khng th kt ni n server";
return;
}
StreamWriter OutStream = new StreamWriter(client.GetStream());
StreamReader InpStream = new StreamReader(client.GetStream());
// Gi i yu cu bng phng thc GET
OutStream.WriteLine("GET " + txtAddress.Text + " HTTP/1.0");
OutStream.WriteLine("Content-Type:text/html");
OutStream.WriteLine("Content-Language:en");
OutStream.WriteLine();
OutStream.Flush();
//Ly phn Header
rtfHeader.Text = "";
string s;
while (null != (s = InpStream.ReadLine())){
if (s.Equals("")) break;
rtfHeader.Text += s;
}
//Ly phn Body
rtfBody.Text = "";
int c;
while (true){
c = InpStream.Read();
if (c == -1) break;
rtfBody.Text += (char)c;
}
client.Close();
}
// Khi g Enter th gi i yu cu
void TxtAddressKeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e){
if ((int)e.KeyChar == 13)
btGo.PerformClick();
}
// Ly v tn my trong URL
internal string GetHost(string url){
url = url.ToLower();
Uri tmp = new Uri(url);
return tmp.Host;
}
// Ly v s hiu cng trong URL
internal int GetPort(string url){
Uri tmp = new Uri(url);
return tmp.Port;
}
}
}
b. Chng trnh HTTP Server
using System;
using System.IO;
73
using System.Net;

public class SimpleWebServer {
public void StartListening(int port) {
IPEndPoint LocalEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 8080);
TcpListener server = new TcpListener(LocalEndPoint);
server.Start();
while (true) {
TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient(); // Cho doi ket noi
processClientRequest(client);
}
}
//X l yu cu ca mi my khch
private void processClientRequest(TcpClient client) {
Console.WriteLine("May khach su dung cong: " +

(client.Client.RemoteEndPoint as IPEndPoint).Port + "; Dia chi IP may khach: " +

client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "\n");
Console.WriteLine("Yeu cau: ");
readRequest(client);
sendResponse(client);
client.Close();
}
//c phn header ca gi d liu gi t my khch
private void readRequest(TcpClient client) {
StreamReader request = new StreamReader(client.GetStream());
String nextLine;

while (null != (nextLine = request.ReadLine())) {
if (nextLine.Equals("")) {
break;
} else {
Console.WriteLine(nextLine);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("---------------------------------------");
}

//Phn hi yu cu cho my khch
private void sendResponse(TcpClient client) {
StreamWriter response = new StreamWriter(client.GetStream());
response.Write(_mainPage);
response.Flush();
}
//Mi phn hi v trnh duyt
private const String _mainPage =
"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n" +
74
"Content-type: text/html\n" +
"Connection: close\n" +
"\n<HTML>\n" +
"<HEAD>\n" +
"<TITLE>Hello World</TITLE>\n" +
"</HEAD>\n" +
"<BODY> <a href = \"localhost\"> Hello World </a></BODY>\n" +
"</HTML> \n\n";
}

class TestWebServer {
public static void Main(String[] args) {
SimpleWebServer webServer1 = new SimpleWebServer();
webServer1.StartListening(8080);
}
}
3.4. Giao thc FTP
3.4.1. C bn v giao thc FTP
Giao thc FTP l mt giao thc trao i file kh ph bin
Khi nim v hot ng c bn ca FTP:
Nhng ngi pht trin giao thc FTP cn phi cn bng nhu cu gia vic pht trin
mt b giao thc va c nhiu chc nng v va n gin trong trin khai. Do , FTP
khng n gin nh a em trai ca n l giao thc TFTP. Hot ng ca giao
thc ny c th chia ra thnh nhiu thnh phn nh, hot ng cng nhau thc hin
cc cng vic nh khi to kt ni, truyn thng tin iu khin v truyn lnh.

Ni dung m bi vit ny hng ti l a ti ngi c nhng khi nim quan trng
nht ng sau giao thc FTP, cng nh gii thch tng quan v nguyn l hot ng
ca n.

1 - M hnh hot ng ca FTP, cc thnh phn trong giao thc, v cc thut ng
c bn

Giao thc FTP c m t mt cch n gin thng qua m hnh hot ng ca FTP.
M hnh ny ch ra cc nguyn tc m mt thit b phi tun theo khi tham gia vo qu
trnh trao i file, cng nh v hai knh thng tin cn phi thit lp gia cc thit b
. N cng m t cc thnh phn ca FTP c dng qun l cc knh ny c
hai pha truyn v nhn. Do , m hnh ny to cho ta mt khi im l tng
xem xt hot ng ca FTP mc khi qut.

Tin trnh Server-FTP v User-FTP
75

FTP l mt giao thc dng client/server truyn thng, tuy nhin thut ng client thng
thng c thay th bng thut ng user ngi dng do thc t l ngi s dng
mi l i tng trc tip thao tc cc lnh FTP trn my clients. B phn mm FTP
c ci t trn mt thit b c gi l mt tin trnh. Phn mm FTP c ci t
trn my Server c gi l tin trnh Server-FTP, v phn trn my client c gi l
tin trnh User-FTP.

Knh iu khin v knh d liu trong FTP

Mt khi nim ct yu m ta cn phi nm v FTP l: mc d giao thc ny s dng
kt ni TCP, nhng n khng ch dng mt knh TCP nh phn ln cc giao thc
truyn thng khc. M hnh FTP chia qu trnh truyn thng gia b phn Server vi
b phn client ra lm hai knh logic:
- Knh iu khin: y l knh logic TCP c dng khi to mt phin kt ni
FTP. N c duy tr xuyn sut phin kt ni FTP v c s dng ch truyn cc
thng tin iu khin, nh cc lnh v cc hi p trong FTP. N khng c dng
truyn file
- Knh d liu: Mi khi d liu c truyn t server ti client, mt knh kt ni TCP
nht nh li c khi to gia chng. D liu c truyn i qua knh kt ni ny
do n c gi l knh d liu. Khi file c truyn xong, knh ny c ngt.
Vic s dng cc knh ring l nh vy to ra s linh hot trong vic truyn truyn d
liu m ta s thy trong cc phn tip theo. Tuy nhin, n cng to cho FTP phc
tp nht nh.

Cc tin trnh v thut ng trong FTP

Do cc chc nng iu khin v d liu s dng cc knh khc nhau, nn m hnh hot
ng ca FTP cng chia phn mm trn mi thit b ra lm hai thnh phn logic tng
ng vi mi knh. Thnh phn Protocol Interpreter (PI) l thnh phn qun l knh
iu khin, vi chc nng pht v nhn lnh. Thnh phn Data Transfer Process (DTP)
c chc nng gi v nhn d liu gia pha client vi server. Ngoi ra, cung cp cho
tin trnh bn pha ngi dng cn c thm thnh phn th ba l giao din ngi dng
FTP - thnh phn ny khng c pha server.

Do , c hai tin trnh xy ra pha server, v ba tin trnh pha client. Cc tin
trnh ny c gn vi m hnh FTP m t chi tit hot ng ca giao thc FTP.
Di y l hnh i chiu cc tin trnh vo trong m hnh FTP:
76

Cc tin trnh pha server:

Cc tin trnh pha server bao gm hai giao thc:
- Server Protocol Interpreter (Server-PI): chu trch nhim qun l knh iu khin
trn server. N lng nghe yu cu kt ni hng ti t users trn cng dnh ring. Khi
kt ni c thit lp, n s nhn lnh t pha User-PI, tr li li, v qun l tin
trnh truyn d liu trn server.
- Server DataTransfer Process (Server-DTP): lm nhim v gi hoc nhn file t b
phn User-DTP. Server-DTP va lm nhim thit lp kt ni knh d liu v lng
nghe mt kt ni knh d liu t user. N tng tc vi server file trn h thng cc
b c v chp file.

Cc tin trnh pha client:

- User Protocol Interpreter (User-PI): chu trch nhim qun l knh iu khin pha
client. N khi to phin kt ni FTP bng vic pht ra yu cu ti pha Server-PI. Khi
kt ni c thit lp, n x l cc lnh nhn c trn giao din ngi dng, gi
chng ti Server-PI, v nhn phn hi tr li. N cng qun l tin trnh User-DTP.
- User Data Transfer Process (User-DTP): l b phn DTP nm pha ngi dng,
lm nhim v gi hoc nhn d liu t Server-DTP. User-DTP c th thit lp hoc
77
lng nghe yu cu kt ni knh d liu trn server. N tng tc vi thit b lu tr file
pha client.
- User Interface: cung cp giao din x l cho ngi dng. N cho php s dng cc
lnh n gin hng ngi dng, v cho php ngi iu khin phin FTP theo di
c cc thng tin v kt qu xy ra trong tin trnh.

2 - Thit lp knh iu khin v chng thc ngi dng trong FTP:

M hnh hot ng ca FTP m t r cc knh d liu v iu khin c thit lp
gia FTP client v FTP server. Trc khi kt ni c s dng thc s truyn file,
knh iu khin cn phi c thit lp. Mt tin trnh ch nh sau c dng
to kt ni v to ra phin FTP lu bn gia cc thit b truyn files.

Nh trong cc giao thc client/server khc, FTP server tun theo mt lut passive
trong knh iu khin. B phn Server Protocol Interpreter (Server-PI) s lng nghe
cng TCP dnh ring cho kt ni FTP l cng 21. Pha User-PI s to kt ni bng
vic m mt kt ni TCP t thit b ngi dng ti server trn cng . N s dng
mt cng bt k lm cng ngun trong phin kt ni TCP.

Khi TCP c ci t xong, knh iu khin gia cc thit b s c thit lp, cho
php cc lnh c truyn t User-PI ti Server-PI, v Server-PI s p tr kt qu l
cc m thng bo. Bc u tin sau khi knh i vo hot ng l bc ng nhp
ca ngi dng (login sequence). Bc ny c hai mc ch:
- Access Control - iu khin truy cp: qu trnh chng thc cho php hn ch truy
cp ti server vi nhng ngi dng nht nh. N cng cho php server iu khin
loi truy cp nh th no i vi tng ngi dng.
- Resource Selection - Chn ngun cung cp: Bng vic nhn dng ngi dng to kt
ni, FTP server c th a ra quyt nh s cung cp nhng ngun no cho ngi dng
c nhn dng .

Trnh t truy cp v chng thc FTP

Quy lut chng thc trong FTP kh n gin, ch l cung cp username/password.
Trnh t ca vic chng thc nh sau:
1 - ngi dng gi mt username t User-PI ti Server-PI bng lnh USER. Sau
password ca ngi dng c gi i bng lnh PASS.
2 - Server kim tra tn ngi dng v password trong database ngi dng ca n.
Nu ngi dng hp l, server s gi tr mt thng bo ti ngi dng rng phin kt
78
ni .c m. Nu ngi dng khng hp l, server yu cu ngi dng thc hin li
vic chng thc. Sau mt s ln chng thc sai nht nh, server s ngt kt ni.

Gi s qu trnh chng thc thnh cng, server sau s thit lp kt ni cho
php tng loi truy cp i vi ngi dng c cp quyn. Mt s ngi dng ch c
th truy cp vo mt s file nht nh, hoc vo mt s loi file nht nh. Mt s
server c th cp quyn cho mt s ngi dng c v vit ln server, trong khi ch
cho php c i vi nhng ngi dng khc. Ngi qun tr mng c th nh m
p ng ng cc nhu cu truy cp FTP.

Mt khi kt ni c thit lp, server c th thc hin cc la chn ti nguyn da
vo nhn din ngi dng. V d: trn mt h thng nhiu ngi dng, ngi qun tr
c th thit lp FTP khi c bt c ngi dng no kt ni ti, anh ta s t ng
c a ti "home directory" ca chnh anh ta. Lnh ty chn ACCT (account) cng
cho php ngi dng chn mt ti khon c nhn no nu nh anh ta c nhiu hn
mt ti khon.

M rng v bo mt FTP

Ging nh phn ln cc giao thc c, phng php ng nhp n gin ca FTP l
mt s k tha t nhng giao thc thi k u ca Internet. Ngy nay, n khng cn
bo m tnh an ton cn thit trn mi trng Internet ton cu v username v
password c gi qua knh kt ni iu khin di dng clear text. iu ny lm cho
cc thng tin ng nhp c th b nghe ln. Chun RFC 2228 v cc phn m rng cho
bo mt FTP nh ra thm nhiu ty chn chng thc v m ha phc tp cho
nhng ai mun tng thm mc an ton vo trong phn mm FTP ca h.

3 - Qun l knh d liu FTP, kt ni knh d liu dng ch ng (mc nh) v
b ng cng vi vic s dng cng

Knh iu khin c to ra gia Server-PI v User-PI s dng qu trnh thit lp kt
ni v chng thc c duy tr trong sut phin kt ni FTP. Cc lnh v cc hi p
c trao i gia b phn PI (Protocol Interpreter) qua knh iu khin, nhng d
liu th khng.

Mi khi cn phi truyn d liu gia server v client, mt knh d liu cn phi c
to ra. Knh d liu kt ni b phn User-DTP vi Server-DTP. Kt ni ny cn thit
79
cho c hot ng chuyn file trc tip (gi hoc nhn mt file) cng nh i vi vic
truyn d liu ngm, nh l yu cu mt danh sch file trong th mc no trn
server.
Chun FTP ch nh hai phng thc khc nhau to ra knh d liu. Khc bit
chnh ca hai phng thc l mt thit b: pha client hay pha server l pha
a ra yu cu khi to kt ni. iu ny nghe qua c v kh n gin, nhng k thc
n li kh quan trng.

Kt ni knh d liu dng ch ng

Phng thc u tin i khi cn c gi l kt ni knh d liu dng thng thng
(v n l phng php mc nh) v i khi c gi l kt ni dng ch ng ( i
chiu vi dng kt ni b ng m ta s xt phn sau). Trong dng kt ni ny, pha
Server-DTP khi to knh d liu bng vic m mt cng TCP cho pha User-DTP.
Pha server s dng cng c dnh ring, l cng 20 cho knh d liu. Trn my
client, mt gi tr cng c chn theo mc nh chnh l cng c s dng i vi
knh iu khin, tuy nhin pha client s lun chn hai cng ring bit cho hai knh
ny.

Gi s pha User-PI thit lp mt kt ni iu khin t cng bt k ca n l 1678 ti
cng iu khin trn server l cng 21. Khi , to mt knh d liu cho vic
truyn d liu, pha Server-PI s bo cho pha Server-DTP khi to mt knh kt ni
TCP t cng 20 ti cng 1678 ca pha client. Sau khi pha client chp nhn knh
c khi to, d liu s c truyn i.

Thc t, vic s dng cng mt cng cho c knh d liu v knh iu khin khng
phi l mt hay, n lm cho hot ng ca FTP tr nn phc tp. Do , pha client
nn ch nh s dng mt cng khc bng vic s dng lnh PORT trc khi truyn d
liu. V d: gi s pha client ch nh cng 1742 vi lnh PORT. Pha Server-DTP sau
s to ra mt kt ni t cng 20 ca n ti cng 1742 pha client thay v cng 1678
nh mc nh. Qu trnh ny c m t trong hnh di y.
80

Thng thng, i vi knh d liu FTP, pha server s khi to vic truyn d liu
bng cch m kt ni d liu ti client.

Trong trng hp trn, pha client trc tin s a ra lnh PORT yu cu server s
dng cng 1742. Sau , server s m kt ni knh d liu t cng 20 mc nh ca n
ti cng 1742 pha client. D liu sau s c truyn gia cc thit b qua cc cng
ny.

Kt ni knh d liu dng b ng

Phng php k tip c gi l kt ni d liu dng b ng. Pha client s nhn
server l pha b ng, lm nhim v chp nhn mt yu cu kt ni knh d liu c
khi to t pha client. Server tr li li pha client vi a ch IP cng nh a ch
cng m n s s dng. Pha Server-DTP sau s lng nghe mt kt ni TCP t pha
User-DTP trn cng ny.

Mc nh, pha client s dng cng mt cng i vi c hai knh iu khin v d liu
nh trong trng hp kt ni ch ng trn. Tuy nhin, y, mt ln na pha
client c th chn s dng mt gi tr cng khc cho knh d liu. Ta s xt li v d
trn mt ln na, vi cng iu khin pha client l 1678 ti cng 21 pha server.
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Nhng ln ny truyn d liu theo phng thc kt ni b ng, nh m t trong hnh
di y:

Pha client s s dng lnh PASV yu cu server rng n mun dng phng thc
iu khin d liu b ng. Pha Server-PI s tr li li pha client vi mt gi tr cng
m client s s dng, t cng 2223 trn n. Sau pha Server PI s hng cho pha
Server-DTP lng nghe trn cng 2223. Pha User-PI cng s hng cho pha User-
DTP to mt phin kt ni t cng 1742 pha client ti cng 2223 pha server. Sau khi
Server chp nhn kt ni ny, d liu bt u c truyn i.

Cc vn v tnh hiu qu v tnh bo mt trong vic chn mt phng thc kt
ni

Vn pha no l pha khi to kt ni knh d liu a ra mt cu hi: s khc nhau
gia hai phng thc l g? iu ny cng ging nh vic hi ai thc hin mt
cuc in thoi ni b. Cu tr li l s bo mt. Vic FTP s dng nhiu hn mt kt
ni TCP c th gii quyt cc vn v phn mm cng nh v phn cng m ngi
dng cn phi c m bo s an ton cho h thng ca h.

Khi xem xt vic g s xy ra trong trng hp knh d liu ch ng nh trong v d
pha trn:
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i vi pha client, c mt knh kt ni iu khin c thit lp t cng 1678 client
ti cng 21 server. Nhng knh d liu li c khi to t pha server. Do , client
s nhn c mt yu cu kt ni ti cng 1678 (hoc cng no khc). Mt s client
s nghi ng v vic nhn c nhng kt ni ti nh vy, v trong tnh hung thng
thng, client mi l pha khi to kt ni ch khng phi p tr kt ni. Do cc knh
kt ni TCP hng ti c th mang theo nhng mi e da nht nh, mt s client c
th s ngn chn cc lung kt ni hng ti bng vic s dng tng la.

Ti sao ngi ta li khng lm cho pha client lun chp nhn kt ni t mt ch s
port c dng trong knh iu khin? Vn y l v client thng dng cc cng
khc nhau cho mi phin kt ni bng vic s dng cu lnh PORT. V ti sao iu
ny li c thc hin? V theo lut TCP: sau khi mt kt ni c ng li , c mt
khong thi gian trng trc khi cng c th c s dng li iu ny ngn
nga tnh trng cc phin kt ni lin tip b ln vi nhau. iu ny s to ra tr khi
gi nhiu file do pha client thng dng cc gi tr cng khc nhau cho mi kt
ni. iu ny rt hiu qu nhng cng dn ti vic firewall ca client s hi c chp
nhn phin kt ni ti vi nhiu gi tr cng khng n nh hay khng.

Vic dng kt ni kiu knh gin tip s gim thiu vn ny mt cch hiu qu.
Phn ln cc tng la c nhiu vn lin quan ti kt ni hng v vi cc gi tr
cng bt k, hn l gp vn vi cc kt ni hng i. Ta c th xem chi tit hn v
vn ny trong chun RFC 1579. Chun ny khuyn ngh rng pha client nn s
dng kt ni kiu b ng lm dng mc nh thay v s dng kiu kt ni dng ch
ng cng vi lnh PORT, ngn chn tnh trng block theo cng.
Tt nhin, phng thc kt ni kiu b ng khng hon ton gii quyt c vn ,
chng ch y vn v pha server m thi. Pha server, gi y phi i mt vi vic
c nhiu knh kt ni hng v trn hng lot cc cng khc nhau. Tuy nhin vic x
l cc vn bo mt trn mt nhm nh server vn d hn nhiu so vi vic phi i
mt vi mt lng ln cc vn t nhiu client. FTP server phi c cu hnh chp
nhn phng thc truyn b ng t client, do cch thng thng thit lp trn
server l thit lp chp nhn mt s cng kt ni hng v trn server trong khi vn
kha cc yu cu kt ni hng v trn cc cng khc.

4 - Cc phng thc truyn d liu trong FTP

Khi knh d liu c thit lp xong gia Server-DTP vi User-DTP, d liu s
c truyn trc tip t pha client ti pha server, hoc ngc li, da theo cc lnh
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c s dng. Do thng tin iu khin c gi i trn knh iu khin, nn ton b
knh d liu c th c s dng truyn d liu. (Tt nhin, hai knh logic ny
c kt hp vi nhau lp di cng vi tt c cc kt ni TCP/UDP khc gia hai
thit b, do iu ny khng hn ci thin tc truyn d liu so vi khi truyn
trn ch mt knh n ch lm cho hai vic truyn d liu v iu khin tr nn c
lp vi nhau m thi)
FTP c ba phng thc truyn d liu, nu ln cch m d liu c truyn t mt
thit b ti thit b khc trn mt knh d liu c khi to, l: stream mode,
block mode, v compressed mode

Stream mode

Trong phng thc ny, d liu c truyn i di dng cc byte khng cu trc lin
tip. Thit b gi ch n thun y lung d liu qua kt ni TCP ti pha nhn.
Khng c mt trng tiu nht nh c s dng trong phng thc ny lm cho
n kh khc so vi nhiu giao thc gi d liu ri rc khc. Phng thc ny ch yu
da vo tnh tin cy trong truyn d liu ca TCP. Do n khng c cu trc dng
header, nn vic bo hiu kt thc file s n gin c thc hin vic pha thit b gi
ngt knh kt ni d liu khi truyn xong.
Trong s ba phng thc, stream mode l phng thc c s dng nhiu nht trong
trin khai FTP thc t. C mt s l do gii thch iu . Trc ht, n l phng
thc mc nh v n gin nht, do vic trin khai n l d dng nht. Th hai, n
l phng php ph bin nht, v n x l vi cc file u n thun nh l x l dng
byte, m khng ti ni dung ca cc file. Th ba, n l phng thc hiu qu nht
v n khng tn mt lng byte overload thng bo header.

Block mode

y l phng thc truyn d liu mang tnh quy chun hn, vi vic d liu c
chia thnh nhiu khi nh v c ng gi thnh cc FTP blocks. Mi block ny c
mt trng header 3 byte bo hiu di, v cha thng tin v cc khi d liu ang
c gi. Mt thut ton c bit c s dng kim tra cc d liu c truyn
i v pht hin, khi to li i vi mt phin truyn d liu b ngt.

Compressed mode

y l mt phng thc truyn s dng mt k thut nn kh n gin, l run-length
encoding c tc dng pht hin v x l cc on lp trong d liu c truyn i
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gim chiu di ca ton b thng ip. Thng tin khi c nn, s c x l
nh trong block mode, vi trng header. Trong thc t, vic nn d liu thng c
s dng nhng ch khc, lm cho phng thc truyn kiu compressed mode tr
nn khng cn thit na. V d: nu bn ang truyn i mt file qua internet vi
modem tng t, modem ca bn thng thng s thc hin vic nn lp 1; cc file
ln trn FTP server cng thng c nn sn vi mt s nh dng nh ZIP, lm cho
vic nn tip tc khi truyn d liu tr nn khng cn thit.
3.4.2. Ci t FTP Client/Server
Trn c s giao thc FTP chng ta thc hin ci t FTP Client/Server minh ha
cho giao thc
Chng trnh Simple FTP Server:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
class Program {
string rootDir = "C:/MyFTP";
server.Start();
TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
sw.WriteLine("220 Chao mung ket noi toi MyFTP");
sw.Flush();
while (true) {
string request = sr.ReadLine();
string command="";
if(request.Length!=0) command = request.Substring(0, 4);
switch (command.ToUpper().Trim()) {
case "USER": {
sw.WriteLine("331. Nhap pass vao");
sw.Flush();
//sw.Close();
Console.WriteLine(request);
break;
}
case "PASS": {
sw.WriteLine("230. Dang nhap thanh cong");
sw.Flush();
Console.WriteLine(request);
break;
}
85
case "MKD": {
string folderName = request.Substring(4, request.Length - 4);
folderName = rootDir + "/" + folderName.Trim();
try {
Directory.CreateDirectory(folderName);
sw.WriteLine("150 Tao thu muc thanh cong");
sw.Flush();
}catch(IOException){
sw.WriteLine("550 Tao thu muc co loi");
sw.Flush();
}
break;
}
case "RETR": {
string fileName = request.Substring(4, request.Length - 4);
fileName = rootDir + "/" + fileName.Trim();
try {
if (File.Exists(fileName)) {
//Gui noi dung file ve cho client xu ly
sw.WriteLine("150 Truyen File thanh cong");
sw.Flush();
FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open);
long totalLenght = fs.Length;
byte[] data = new byte[totalLenght];
fs.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
sw.Write(totalLenght);
char[] kt = Encoding.ASCII.GetChars(data);
sw.Write(kt,0,data.Length);
sw.Flush();
fs.Close();
} else {
sw.WriteLine("550 File khong ton tai tren server");
sw.Flush();
}
} catch (IOException) {
sw.WriteLine("550 Khong truyen duoc file");
sw.Flush();
}
break;
}
case "STOR": {
string fileName =
request.Substring(request.LastIndexOf("/"),request.Length-request.LastIndexOf("/"));
fileName = rootDir + "/" + fileName.Trim();
try {
FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.CreateNew);
long totalLength=sr.Read();
byte[] data = new byte[totalLength];
86
int sobyte = sr.Read(kt, 0, data.Length);
fs.Write(data, 0, sobyte);
fs.Close();
sw.WriteLine("150 Up file thanh cong");
sw.Flush();
sw.WriteLine("550 Khong truyen duoc file");
sw.Flush();
}
break;
}
case "QUIT": {
client.Close();
break;
}
default: {
sw.WriteLine("Sai lenh");
sw.Flush();
break;
}
}
}
}
}
Chng trnh Simple FTP Client:
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
namespace FtpClient {
class Program {
string input;
string command = "";
Console.WriteLine("Dang nhap bang USER Ten user, PASS Ten password");
Console.WriteLine("Tao thu muc bang MKD ten thu muc can tao");
Console.WriteLine("Upload bang cach STOR tenfile");
Console.WriteLine("Download bang cach RETR tenfile");
while (true) {
input = Console.ReadLine();
87
command = input.Substring(0, 4).Trim().ToUpper();
switch (command) {
case "STOR": {
//Doc file gui cho server
sw.Flush();
FileInfo fl=null;
try {
fl = new FileInfo(input.Substring(4, input.Length - 4).Trim());
Console.WriteLine("File khong ton tai");
}
long totalLength = fl.Length;
FileStream fs = fl.OpenRead();
sw.Write(totalLength);
int bytes = fs.Read(data, 0, data.Length);
sw.Write(kt, 0, data.Length);
sw.Flush();
fs.Close();
break;
}
case "RETR": {
sw.Flush();
if (s.Substring(0, 3).Equals("150")) {
Console.Write("Nhap vao noi luu tep:");
string filename = Console.ReadLine();
FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.CreateNew);
//Doc tep ve;
long totalLength = sr.Read();
char[] kt= new char[data.Length] ;
int sobyte = sr.Read(kt, 0, data.Length);
data=Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(kt);
fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
fs.Close();
}
break;
}
default: {
sw.Flush();
break;
88
}
}
}
sr.Close();
sw.Close();
client.Close();
}
}
}
3.5. DNS (Domain Name Server)
3.5.1. Vn phn gii tn min
Domain Name System:
L h c s d liu phn tn hot ng c th bc bi cc name servers
L giao thc tng ng dng : host, routers yu cu ti name servers xc nh
tn min (nh x a ch <->tn min)
Note : l mt chc nng ca Internet, hot ng nh l giao thc tng
ng dng
Rt phc tp.
Q: nh x gia a ch IP v tn?
Ti sao khng tp trung s kim sot ca DNS ?
im hng duy nht - nu name-server cht th c mng Internet s
cht theo.
Tn ng truyn.
C s d liu tp trung s xa vi a s vng
Bo tr phc tp.
Phi chia tr !
Khng c server no c th lu ton b c tn min v a ch IP
tng ng
local name servers:
Mi ISP,cng ty c local (default) name server
Cu hi truy vn ca host v DNS s c chuyn ti local name server
Chc nng ca name server:
i vi host: lu a ch IP v tn min tng ng ca host
C th tm tn min ng vi a ch IP v ngc li
c yu cu bi cc local name server khng th xc nh c tn.
root name server:
c yu cu nu c authoritative name server khng xc nh.
Nhn v x l mapping
Tr v mapping cho local name server
89
b USC-ISI Marina del Rey, CA
l ICANN Marina del Rey, CA
e NASA Mt View, CA
f Internet Software C. Palo Alto,
CA
i NORDUnet Stockholm
k RIPE London
m WIDE Tokyo
a NSI Herndon, VA
c PSInet Herndon, VA
d U Maryland College Park, MD
g DISA Vienna, VA
h ARL Aberdeen, MD
j NSI (TBD) Herndon, VA
b USC-ISI Marina del Rey, CA
l ICANN Marina del Rey, CA
e NASA Mt View, CA
f Internet Software C. Palo Alto,
CA
i NORDUnet Stockholm
k RIPE London
m WIDE Tokyo
a NSI Herndon, VA
c PSInet Herndon, VA
d U Maryland College Park, MD
g DISA Vienna, VA
h ARL Aberdeen, MD
j NSI (TBD) Herndon, VA

host surf.eurecom.fr mun
bit a ch IP ca
gaia.cs.umass.edu
1. Yu cu ti local DNS
server, dns.eurecom.fr
2. dns.eurecom.fr yu cu
ti root name server nu
cn thit
3. root name server yu cu
authoritative name server,
dns.umass.edu, nu cn
thit.
requesting host
surf.eurecom.fr
gaia.cs.umass.edu
root name server
authorititive name server
dns.umass.edu
local name server
dns.eurecom.fr
local name server
dns.eurecom.fr
1
2
3
4
5
6

90
Root name server:
C th khng bit
authoritative name
server
C th bit name
server trung gian
,nh c th yu
cu tm authoritative
name server
requesting host
surf.eurecom.fr
gaia.cs.umass.edu
local name server
dns.eurecom.fr
local name server
dns.eurecom.fr
1
2
3
4
5
6
authoritative name server
dns.cs.umass.edu
intermediate name server
dns.umass.edu
dns.umass.edu
7
8

DNS example
- Truy vn trong DNS c chia thnh cc loi nh sau:
Truy vn quy query:
Name server l ni phn gi i
a ch/tn.Nu n khng phn
gii trong ni b,n s gi yu
cu n name server khc.
Cng vic ca name server liu
c qu nng?
Truy vn tng tc:
Nu khng phn gii c a
ch IP/name,name server s gi
tr thng i p rng Ti khng
bit,hy th hi anh bn cnh
ti l A.A l a ch IP ca
name server k tip n.
requesting host
surf.eurecom.fr
gaia.cs.umass.edu
local name server
dns.eurecom.fr
local name server
dns.eurecom.fr
1
2
3
4
5 6
authoritative name server
dns.cs.umass.edu
dns.umass.edu
dns.umass.edu
7
8
iterated query

- Cu trc bn ghi DNS nh sau:
91
DNS: c s d liu phn tn lu cc bn ghi ngun (RR)
Type=NS
name : domain (e.g. foo.com)
value : a ch IP
authoritative name server cho
tn min
nh dng ca RR : (name, value, type, ttl) nh dng ca RR : (name, value, type, ttl)
Type=A
name : hostname
value : IP address
Type=CNAME
name : tn b danh cho mt tn
thc no : e.g www.ibm.com
l tn b danh ca
servereast.backup2.ibm.com
value : l tn thc
Type=MX
value : tn ca mailserver

3.5.2. Trin khai DNS MX (Mail Exchange)
Chng ta i vit chng trnh cho php ly v thng tin ca mail server
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
public Form1() {
}
private void btFind_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
byte[] DNSQuery;
byte[] DNSReply;
UdpClient dnsClient = new UdpClient(tbServer.Text, 53);
DNSQuery = makeQuery(DateTime.Now.Millisecond *
60, tbDomain.Text);
dnsClient.Send(DNSQuery, DNSQuery.GetLength(0));
IPEndPoint endpoint = null;
DNSReply = dnsClient.Receive(ref endpoint);
this.tbStatus.Text = makeResponse(DNSReply, tbDomain.Text);
}
public byte[] makeQuery(int id, string name) {
byte[] Query;
data[0] = (byte)(id >> 8);
data[1] = (byte)(id & 0xFF);
data[2] = (byte)1; data[3] = (byte)0;
92
string[] tokens = name.Split(new char[] { '.' });
string label;
int position = 12;
for (int j = 0; j < tokens.Length; j++) {
label = tokens[j];
data[position++] = (byte)(label.Length & 0xFF);
byte[] b = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(label);
for (int k = 0; k < b.Length; k++) {
data[position++] = b[k];
}
}
data[position++] = (byte)0; data[position++] = (byte)0;
data[position++] = (byte)15; data[position++] = (byte)0;
data[position++] = (byte)1;
Query = new byte[position + 1];
for (int i = 0; i <= position; i++) {
Query[i] = data[i];
}
return Query;
}
public string makeResponse(byte[] data, string name) {
int qCount = ((data[4] & 0xFF) << 8) | (data[5] & 0xFF); int aCount = ((data[6]
& 0xFF) << 8) | (data[7] & 0xFF);
int position = 12;
for (int i = 0; i < qCount; ++i) {
name = "";
position = proc(position, data, ref name);
position += 4;
}
string Response = "";
for (int i = 0; i < aCount; ++i) {
name = "";
position += 12;
name = "";
Response += name + "\r\n";
}
return Response;
}
private int proc(int position, byte[] data, ref string name) {
int len = (data[position++] & 0xFF);
if (len == 0) {
return position;
}
int offset;
93
do {
if ((len & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
if (position >= data.GetLength(0)) {
return -1;
}
offset = ((len & 0x3F) << 8) | (data[position++] &
0xFF);
proc(offset, data, ref name);
return position;
} else {
if ((position + len) > data.GetLength(0)) {
return -1;
}
name += Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, position, len);
position += len;
}
if (position > data.GetLength(0)) {
return -1;
}
len = data[position++] & 0xFF;
if (len != 0) {
name += ".";
}
}
while (len != 0);
return position;
}
}
3.6 Tho lun v cc ng dng khc thng gp
3.7 Bi tp p dng
94
CHNG 4: XY DNG NG DNG NHIU LP

4.1. M hnh 2 lp (two tier), 3 lp (three tier) v n lp.
Trc y, i vi cc phn mm c s dng lin quan n d liu, thng khi lm
ngi lp trnh thng tch hp vic giao tip vi ngi s dng , x l ri ghi xung
d liu trn cng mt form (y l m hnh mt lp). Nhng trong kin trc 3 lp (m
hnh 3 lp), phi c vic phn bit rch ri gia cc lp ny. M hnh 3 lp c th
c m t nh sau:

- Lp th nht : Lp giao din (giao tip vi ngi s dng) : ch thun x l vic giao
tip vi ngi s dng, nhp xut, m khng thc hin vic tnh ton, kim tra, x
l, hay cc thao tc lin quan n c s d liu.
- Lp th hai : Lp x l : Lp ny chuyn thc hin cc x l , kim tra cc rng
buc, cc qui tc ng x ca phn mm , cc chc nng ct yu, Vic thc hin ny
c lp vi cch thit k cng nh ci t giao din. Thng tin cho lp ny thc hin
cc x l ca mnh c ly t lp giao din.
- Lp th ba : Lp d liu : Lp ny chuyn thc hin cc cng vic lin quan n d
liu. D liu c th ly t c s d liu (Access, SQL Server ) hoc tp tin (text,
binary, XML ). i vi c s d liu, lp ny thc hin kt ni trc tip vi c s
d liu v thc hin tt c cc thao tc lin quan n c s d liu m phn mm cn
thit. i vi tp tin, lp ny thc hin vic c, ghi tp tin theo yu cu ca phn
mm. Vic thc hin ny do lp x l gi.
95
R rng, vi m hnh ny, cc cng vic ca tng lp l c lp vi nhau. Vic
thay i mt lp khng lm thay i cc lp cn li, thun tin hn cho qu trnh
pht trin v bo tr phn mm.
Mt s lu :
Phn bit vai tr Business Layer v khi nim x l
Mi Layer vn c x l ring, c trng ca Layer
i khi vic quyt nh 1 x l nm layer no ch mang tnh cht tng i
Chng ta cng cn phn bit khi nim 3 tier v 3 layer: 3 tier l m hnh 3 lp
vt l cn 3 layer l m hnh logic.

V d minh ha:
Xy dng chng trnh tnh tng 2 phn s theo kin trc 3 lp. Theo d
liu ca phn s c c ln t tp tin XML, kt qu sau khi c tnh s c ghi
xung tp tin XML.
Cch lm thng thng l mi vic u c y vo trong 1 form v x l
trc tip trong form . Tuy nhin, khi c s thay i xy ra v giao din, x l, hay
d liu th vic chnh sa kh kh khn. Do vy, vic xy dng theo kin trc 3 lp s
khc phc nhc im ny.
Kin trc ca chng trnh nh sau:

Browser
Data tier
Business tier
Web
Local
Presentation
Data
Business logic
Data Access
Web
GUI
Application Web
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l

v
i
e
w

L
o
g
i
c
a
l

v
i
e
w

96

Xy dng lp th hin phn s (TH_PHANSO)
S dng User Control ci t cho TH_PHANSO. Thm User Control vo project
bng cch chn Project > Add User Control. t tn User Control .
Ta c TH_PHANSO.cs

97
Do th hin t s v th hin mu s u l TextBox do trong lp TH_PHANSO
cn thit lp cc properties l tuso v mauso c kiu int.
public int tuso{
set{
this.txtTuSo.Text = value.ToString();
}
get{
return int.Parse(this.txtTuSo.Text);
}
}
public int mauso {
set {
this.txtMauSo.Text = value.ToString();
}
get {
return int.Parse(this.txtMauSo.Text);
}
}

Lp lu tr phn s (LT_PHANSO)
Tp tin XML lu tr c nh dng nh sau:
<?xml version ="1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<PHANSO>
<Tu_so>5</Tu_so>
<Mau_so>3</Mau_so>
</PHANSO>
thc hin vic c v ghi d liu XML ta s dng DOM.
Khai bo tuso v mauso thc hin vic lu tr
public int tuso;
public int mauso;
Thc hin ci t hm khi to mc nh vi tham s truyn vo l ng dn file
XML
public LT_PHANSO(string strFilename)
{
//
// TODO: Add constructor logic here
//
XmlDocument doc = LT_XML.DocTaiLieu(strFilename);
if(doc == null)
{
tuso = 0;
98
mauso = 0;
return;
}
XmlElement ele = doc.DocumentElement;
tuso = int.Parse(ele.SelectSingleNode("Tu_so").InnerText);
mauso = int.Parse(ele.SelectSingleNode("Mau_so").InnerText);
}
Thc hin ci t hm ghi phn s vi tham s truyn vo l ng dn file XML
public void GhiPhanSo(string strFilename)
{
XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
XmlElement root = doc.CreateElement("PHANSO");
doc.AppendChild(root);
XmlElement ele_Tuso =
root.OwnerDocument.CreateElement("Tu_so");
ele_Tuso.InnerText = this.tuso.ToString();
root.AppendChild(ele_Tuso);
XmlElement ele_Mauso =
root.OwnerDocument.CreateElement("Mau_so");
ele_Mauso.InnerText = this.mauso.ToString();
root.AppendChild(ele_Mauso);
LT_XML.GhiTaiLieu(strFilename,doc);
}
Lp lu tr XML (LT_XML)
Vic load v save XmlDocument c tch ra thnh mt lp ring l lp LT_XML
public static XmlDocument DocTaiLieu(string strFilename) {
XmlDocument kq = new XmlDocument();
try {
kq.Load(strFilename);
}
catch{
return null;
}
return kq;
}
public static void GhiTaiLieu(string strFilename, XmlDocument doc) {
try{
doc.Save(strFilename);
}
catch{
}
}
Lp x l phn s (XL_PHANSO)
99
Lp ny s thc hin ci t cc hm lin quan n x l v tnh ton trn phn s
nh nh ngha php cng 2 phn s, rt gn phn s hay cp nht gi tr t i tng
th hin.
Khai bo 2 i tng ln lt thuc v lp LT_PHANSO v TH_PHANSO gip
to lin kt vi tng x l vi 2 tng cn li l tng d liu v tng giao din.
private LT_PHANSO lt_ps = null;
private TH_PHANSO th_ps = null;
Ci t hm khi to mc nh to lin kt vi i tng th hin v i tng x
l
public XL_PHANSO(LT_PHANSO lt_ps, TH_PHANSO th_ps)
{
this.lt_ps = lt_ps;
this.th_ps = th_ps;
this.th_ps.tuso = this.lt_ps.tuso;
this.th_ps.mauso = this.lt_ps.mauso;
}
Ci t phng thc ghi
public void Ghi(string strFilename)
{
this.lt_ps.tuso = this.th_ps.tuso;
this.lt_ps.mauso = this.th_ps.mauso;
this.lt_ps.GhiPhanSo(strFilename);
}
Ci t ton t +
public static XL_PHANSO operator +(XL_PHANSO ps1,XL_PHANSO ps2)
{
XL_PHANSO kq = new XL_PHANSO(new LT_PHANSO(), new
TH_PHANSO());
kq.th_ps.tuso = ps1.th_ps.tuso * ps2.th_ps.mauso +
ps2.th_ps.tuso * ps1.th_ps.mauso;
kq.th_ps.mauso = ps1.th_ps.mauso * ps2.th_ps.mauso;
return kq;
}
Ci t hm cp nht t i tng x l phn s khc
public void CapNhat(XL_PHANSO ps)
{
this.th_ps.tuso = ps.th_ps.tuso;
this.th_ps.mauso = ps.th_ps.mauso;
}
Ci t hm rt gn phn s
public void RutGon()
{
int tuso = this.th_ps.tuso;
int mauso = this.th_ps.mauso;
int maxUC = TimMaxUocChung(tuso,mauso);
tuso = tuso/maxUC;
mauso = mauso/maxUC;
100
this.th_ps.tuso = tuso;
this.th_ps.mauso = mauso;
}
rt gn ta cn tnh c chung ln nht, c th ci t hm ny chung vi lp
XL_PHANSO
public int TimMaxUocChung(int a, int b)
{
while(a!=b)
{
if(a>b)
a -= b;
else
b -= a;
}
return a;
}
Thc hin ci t mn hnh chnh (MainFrm)

Trong form chnh s thc hin khai bo 3 i tng x l phn s
private PhanSo.XL_PHANSO xl_PhanSo1;

Thc hin khi to 3 i tng x l phn s va khai bo
public MainFrm()
{
//
// Required for Windows Form Designer support
xl_PhanSo1 = new XL_PHANSO(new LT_PHANSO("phanso1.xml"),
tH_PHANSO1);
101
xl_PhanSo2 = new XL_PHANSO(new LT_PHANSO("phanso2.xml"),
tH_PHANSO2);
xl_PhanSo3 = new XL_PHANSO(new LT_PHANSO(""),tH_PHANSO3);
}
Vit hm x l cho cc nt chc nng trn form:
Hm x l cho nt Cng
private void btnCong_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
XL_PHANSO kq = xl_PhanSo1 + xl_PhanSo2;
xl_PhanSo3.CapNhat(kq);
xl_PhanSo3.Ghi(ketqua.xml);
xl_PhanSo3.RutGon();
}
Hm x l cho nt Thoat
private void btnThoat_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.Close();
}
To cc tp tin phanso1.xml, phanso2.xml, c nh dng nh v d trn.
Thc hin bin dch v chy th chng trnh.
Nhn xt :
Thc hin ci t vi kin trc 3 lp s gip chng trnh d dng thay i, ti s
dng li chng trnh.
V d:
TH_PHANSO khng th hin t s v mu s bng TextBox na m thay bng
control khc (v d nh MyControl th cng khng nh hng, lc ch cn thay i
code trong phn property t s v mu s m thi.
public int tuso{
set{
this.MyControl.Value = value.ToString();
}
get{
return int.Parse(this.MyControl.Value);
}
}
public int mauso {
set {
this.MyControl.Value = value.ToString();
}
get {
return int.Parse(this.MyControl.Value);
}
}
Khi khng lu tr bng XML m chuyn sang dng c s d liu th ta ch cn thay
code phn LT_PHANSO, m khng cn thay i code phn TH_PHANSO, cng nh
XL_PHANSO.
102
Ch :
Khng ph thuc phng php lp trnh.
Mi nghip v khng nht thit ch c gii quyt bi 3 i tng.
Khng l mt kin trc siu vit.
4.2. Remoting
4.2.1. Gii thiu v Remoting
.NET Remoting l g?
- Trc ht .NET Remoting l mt k thut .NET c gii thiu t .NET framework
1.1. Cng vi .NET Webservice, .NET remoting l la chn cho gii php x l tnh
ton t xa. .NET Remoting l mt k thut cho php mt i tng ny truy xut n
mt i tng khc nm cc Application Domain khc nhau. V nu gii thch theo
kiu bnh dn, ta c th s dng .NET Remoting gi mt chng trnh hoc mt
service chy trn mt my vi tnh khc x l mt ci g v tr kt qu tnh ton
li cho ta.

Hnh 4.1: .NET Remoting Overview
.NET Remoting v Distributed COM
- Vo nm mt ngn chn trm hi , ngi ta thng thc hin vic giao tip gia
cc process bng cch s dng Distributed COM hay cn gi l DCOM. DCOM rt
hu ch cho nhng chng trnh chy trn cc my tnh cng loi v nm trong cng
mt mng. Tuy nhin, DCOM tr nn li thi v n khng th chy trn Internet.
DCOM da trn mt tp giao thc m khng phi object no cng h tr v iu ny
khin DCOM khng chy c trn nhng platform khc nhau. Ngoi ra, DCOM s
dng nhiu port trong khi cc port y thng b chn bi firewall. Tt nhin m nhng
port n hot ng c khng kh nhng l mt trong nhng phin phc.
- .NET Remoting khc phc nhng yu km ca DCOM bng cch h tr nhiu giao
thc khc nhau.
.NET Remoting v Web Services
- V kha cnh x l t xa th Web Services hon ton tng t nh .NET Remoting.
Thm ch ngi ta c th lm cho .NET Remoting tr thnh 1 Web Services bng cch
103
host n trong IIS. Web Services cho php cc ng dng c th giao tip vi nhau m
khng ph thuc platform, ngn ng lp trnh, Tuy nhin Web Services l mt mi
trng stateless, c ngha l n khng lu li bt k trng thi g ca ln gi trc v
n cng khng bit g v pha client ang thc hin request. Client v server Web
Services ch c th trao i vi nhau bng cc thng ip SOAP. Nhng iu sau y
l cc im khc nhau chnh gia .NET Remoting v Web Serices, chng cng l
nhng nhn t ta chn la gia 2 cng ngh ny:
ASP.NET Web Services ch c th c truy xut qua HTTP cn .NET Remoting c
th c dng trn nhiu giao thc khc nhau nh TCP, HTTP.
Web Services l mt mi trng stateless. Khi c mt request t pha client, s c
mt object mi c to ra thc hin request trn server. Cn .NET Remoting
li h tr nhiu la chn state management v c th thc hin nhiu request t mt
client, ng thi c h tr callbacks.
Web Services serialize cc i tng thnh XML bn trong SOAP message v v th
c th truyn ti thng tin ca bt c thnh phn no min c th chuyn thnh XML.
Cn i vi .NET Remoting th ty giao thc v nh dng message m n c th
truyn i thng tin nh th no. Ngoi ra theo nh gii thiu th .NET Remoting c
cho php i tng c truyn vo theo c kiu tham chiu(reference) v tham tr
(value)
Web services c th hot ng trn cc platform mi trng khc nhau trong khi
.NET Remoting yu cu pha clients phi l .NET application.
Channels
- Trong k thut .NET Remoting th Channel c hiu nh l mt knh giao tip
gia client v server. Mt object t client s thng qua Channel giao tip vi object
pha server, Channel s truyn ti nhng message t hai pha. Nh gii thiu pha trn
th c hai channel chnh l TcpChannel v HttpChannel tng ng vi cc giao thc
TCP v HTTP. Ngoi ra, TcpChannel v HttpChannel u c kh nng extend thnh
nhng Custom Channel ca bn.
Lm sao to mt Object c th Remote c trong .NET Remoting?
- Mt Object remote c ch l mt object thng thng nhng phi c inherit t
MarshalByRefObject. on code sample hnh 4.2 l mt v d n gin v
Remotable Object. i tng SampleObject trong hnh c mt s method n gin tr
v php tnh tng, hiu, tch, thng ca hai s nguyn. Gi tr tr v ca hm l kiu
s nguyn, kiu built-in ca .NET framework. Nu bn mun tr v kiu d liu bn t
nh ngha, hoc mt instance ca class bn nh ngha th lp ca bn phi c
khai bo vi attribute Serializable.

using System;
public class SampleObject: MarshalByRefObject
{
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
int c = a + b;
104
return c;
}
public int Subtract(int a, int b)
{
int c = a - b;
return c;
}
public int Multiply(int a, int b)
{
int c = a * b;
return c;
}
public int Divide(int a, int b)
{
int c;
if (b != 0)
c = a / b;
else
c = 0;
return c;
}
}

Hnh 4.2: Remotable Object Sample

To chng trnh Server host Remotable Object
- K tip, chng ta cn to ra mt chng trnh server lng nghe nhng request t
pha client. Trong v d ny chng ta s s dng TCP/IP channel. u tin chng ta
to mt instance channel v ng k mt port tng ng cho n. Khi c mt Request t
pha client, server s nhn request v Remote Object ca chng ta s thc thi
Request ny. Trong .NET Remoting, c hai c ch to instance ca Remote Object
ri t thc thi request: Singleton v Singlecall. Ty vo mc ch s dng, nhu cu
ca chng trnh m server ca bn c th khai bo theo c ch
WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall, hay WellKnownObjectMode.Singleton. Khi khai
bo Singleton, Remote Object s c sinh ra, thc thi request, reply li pha client v
sau , object ny vn c lu li ch khng b hy i. n khi no process chy
chng trnh server kt thc th instance ny mi b trnh ht rc Garbage Collector
ht i. V ngc li, khi khai bo l SingleCall, Remote Object s c khi to v
hy i i vi mi ln nhn request t pha client, c ch ny tng t nh m hnh
.NET Web Service truyn thng.
- Nu bn mun s dng .NET Remoting trong IIS th khng cn to mt chng trnh
server nh th ny. V tt nhin, IIS ch h tr HttpChannel. Nu host 1 .NET
Remoting bn trong IIS bn s mc nhin s dng c c ch Authentication ca IIS,
ngc li nu lm mt chng trnh server host nh trn th bn phi ci t c ch
Authentication ca ring mnh. host mt Remote Object bn trong IIS, trc tin
phi to 1 Virtual Directory cho application, sau t on code ng k service bn
trong event Application_Start (file global.asax)
105
- Trong v d ny, chng ta s khng s dng IIS m s to mt console application.
C nhiu la chn khi khng s dng IIS, ta c th s dng console application, Win
form application nhng trong thc t, ngi ta s s dng mt Windows Service
lm. Cn Console application hay Winform Application thng ch dng minh ha.
Trong v d ny, chng ta s s dng port 9999 cho may mn. C th mt chng
trnh no trong my ca bn s dng port ny, nu b nh vy bn phi chn port
khc. V sau cng, kim tra xem my bn ang lng nghe trn nhng port no (port
no b s dng) th ta dng lnh netstat a trong command prompt.
- Cn by gi, hy xem mt console application project vi 1 class tn l
SampleSerrver. Trong project ny ti thm reference ti System.Runtime.Remoting
vo trong project n c th chy c.
using System;
using System.Runtime.Remoting;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Tcp;
public class Server
{
public static int Main()
{
TcpChannel chan = new TcpChannel(9999);
ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(chan, false);
RemotingConfiguration.RegisterWellKnownServiceType(typeof(SampleObject)
, "SampleNetRemoting", WellKnownObjectMode.SingleCall);
Console.WriteLine("Hit <enter> to exit...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
Hnh 4. 3: Sample Server host Remotable Object

To chng trnh client s dng Remote Object.
- Chng trnh client trong v d ny cng kh n gin, n s connect vo server, to
mt instance ca Remote Object v excute method tnh tng, hiu, tch, thng.
- Cc bn lu rng trong c chng trnh client v chng trnh server u phi
reference ti class SampleObject. Client s gi method ca instance SampleObject,
nhng server s thc thi x l n ch khng phi pha client.
using System;
using System.Runtime.Remoting;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels;
using System.Runtime.Remoting.Channels.Http;
public class Client
{
106
public static int Main (string[] argv)
{
TcpChannel chan = new TcpChannel();
ChannelServices.RegisterChannel(chan, false);
SampleObject obj = (SampleObject)Activator.GetObject(
typeof(SampleObject), "tcp://localhost:9999/SampleNetRemoting");
if (obj == null)
System.Console.WriteLine("Could not locate server");
else
{
int a = Convert.ToInt32(argv[0]);
int b = Convert.ToInt32(argv[1]);
int c = obj.Add(a, b);
Console.WriteLine("a + b = {0}", c);
c = obj.Subtract(a, b);
Console.WriteLine("a - b = {0}", c);
c = obj.Multiply(a, b);
Console.WriteLine("a * b = {0}", c);
c = obj.Divide(a, b);
Console.WriteLine("a / b = {0}", c);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
Hnh 4: Sample Client Application

Test th chng trnh
- Trc tin chy chng trnh server, bn s thy message Press the enter key to
exit trong ca s console. Nh vy server ca bn ang lng nghe trn port 9999. By
gi bn hy chy chng trnh client v s nhn thy kt qu tr v trn mn hnh. Bn
c th chy nhiu client cng request n 1 server nhng khng th chy nhiu
server. Bn c th copy chng trnh server sang mt my ca bn mnh v nh chy
th, cn bn sa li chng trnh client, sa localhost thnh IP ca my bn mnh v
chy th thy kt qu.
Tm tt:
- V d trn s dng code C# khai bo cc cu hnh cho server v client tuy
nhin .NET Remoting cho php ta cu hnh trc trong file config (App.config). Cc
bn c th tham kho mt s resource pha di bit cch lm.
- .NET Remoting l mt trong nhng k thut tin li cho nhng chng trnh dng
Distributed Computing. Cch s dng n phc tp hn Web Service tuy nhin nu bn
107
mun tng performance th .NET Remoting vi Singleton v TCP channel s l la
chn rt tt.
- Vi s ra i ca .NET Framework 3.x, Microsoft gii thiu nn tng mi hn
cho cc k thut RPC, l WCF mnh hn .NET Remoting rt nhiu.
4.2.2. Khai bo, ci t v ng k giao din t xa
cho chng trnh c tnh kh chuyn cao thay v ngi ta xy dng lp
Remote Object nh v d trn chng ta khai bo mt giao din l lp Remote Object
v trong chng trnh pha Server ta s ci t giao din ny v ng k giao din t
xa. Nh vy trin khai mt h thng Remoting ta c 3 chng trnh: Giao din
Remote Object, chng trnh Server trin khai giao din v ng k giao din t xa,
chng trnh Client triu gi phng thc t xa.
- Khai bo giao din t xa
- Ci t v ng k giao din t xa
4.2.3. Triu gi phng thc t xa
- Chng trnh pha Client chng ta triu gi phng thc c cung cp bi
giao din t xa c ng k v cung cp bi Server
4.3. Web Services
4.3.1. Gii thiu v Web Services
1. Web Service l g?
Web service l mt Modul chng trnh cung cp chc nng ca cc ng dng cho
php triu gi v truy cp t xa thng qua Internet. Web service s dng cc chun ca
Internet nh XML v HTTP. Vic s dng Web service ph thuc nhiu vo s chp
nhn ca XML, mt ngn ng m t d liu mi dng truyn ti d liu thng qua
Web.
Bt k mt Web service no cng c th c s dng, hoc l trong ng dng cc
b hoc truy cp t xa qua Internet bi nhiu ng dng. Do c kh nng truy cp qua
cc giao din chun m mt Web service cho php nhiu h thng khc nhau cng lm
vic vi nhau nh mt tin trnh duy nht trn Web.
2. Vai tr ca Web service
Web service ra i m ra mt hng mi cho vic pht trin cc ng dng trn
Internet. Web services tm dch l cc dch v trn web. Cng ngh web services ra
i l mt cuc cch mng ha cch thc hot ng ca cc dch v B2B v B2C.
Web services kt hp s dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau cho php hai ng dng cng
ngn ng, c lp h iu hnh trao i c vi nhau thng qua mi trng mng
Internet. Tuy nhin nhng cng ngh s dng y khng nht thit phi l nhng
cng ngh mi. y l im khc bit ca web services so vi cc cng ngh khc,
chnh l kh nng kt hp cc cng ngh c nh l XML, SOAP, WSDL, UDDI
to ra cc service, c im ny lm ni bt vai tr ca web services.
108
Web Service c thit k nhm cung cp mt c ch cho php cc chng trnh
giao tip vi nhau qua Internet (s dng cc giao thc Internet nh HTTP GET, HTP
POST v SOAP).
3. c im Web service
- Web service cho php client v server tng tc c vi nhau mc d trong nhng
mi trng khc nhau.
- Web Service th c dng m v da vo cc tiu chun XML v HTTP l nn tng k
thut cho web service. Phn ln k thut ca web service c xy dng l nhng d
n ngun m. Bi vy chng c lp v vn hnh c vi nhau.
- Web Service th rt linh ng: V vi UDDI v WSDL, th vic m t v pht trin
web service c th c t ng ho.
- Web service c xy dng trn nn tng nhng cng ngh c chp nhn.
- Web service c dng modul.
- Web service c th c cng b (publish) v gi thc hin qua mng.
Ngy nay web service c s dng rt nhiu trong nhng lnh vc khc nhau
ca cuc sng nh:
- Dch v chn lc v phn loi tin tc: l nhng h thng th vin kt ni n cc
web portal tm kim cc thng tin t cc nh xut bn c cha nhng kho mun
tm.
- Dch v hin th danh sch a nhc dnh cho cc cng ty thu thanh.
- ng dng i l du lch c nhiu gi v i du lch khc nhau do c chn la phc
v ca nhiu hng hng khng.
- Bng tnh ton chnh sch bo him dng cng ngh Excel/COM vi giao din web.
- Thng tin thng mi bao gm nhiu ni dung, nhiu mc tin nh: d bo thi tit,
thng tin sc kho, lch bay, t gi c phiu,
- Nhng giao dch trc tuyn cho c B2B v B2C nh: t v my bay, lm giao ko
thu xe.
- H thng thng tin dng java tnh ton t gi chuyn i gia cc loi tin t. H
thng ny s c cc ng dng khc dng nh mt web service.
4. Kin trc Web service
Kin trc ca Web service bao gm cc tng nh sau:
109

Hnh 1: Kin trc Web service

Trong bao gm cc tng nh sau:
- Tng vn chuyn: c nhim v truyn thng ip gia cc ng dng mng, bao
gm nhng giao thc nh HTTP, SMTP, FTP, JSM v gn y nht l giao
thc thay i khi m rng (Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol- BEEP).
- Tng giao thc tng tc dch v ( Service Communication Protocol) vi cng
ngh chun l SOAP. SOAP l giao thc nm gia tng vn chuyn v tng m
t thng tin v dch v, SOAP cho php ngi dng triu gi mt service t xa
thng qua mt message XML.
- Tng m t dch v (Service Description) vi cng ngh chun l WSDL v
XML. WSDL l mt ngn ng m t giao tip v thc thi da trn XML. Web
service s dng ngn ng WSDL truyn cc tham s v cc loi d liu cho
cc thao tc, cc chc nng m web service cung cp.
- Tng dch v ( Service): cung cp cc chc nng ca service.
- Tng ng k dch v (Service Registry) vi cng ngh chun l UDDI. UDDI
dng cho c ngi dng v SOAP server, n cho php ng k dch v
ngi dng c th gi thc hin service t xa qua mng, hay ni cch khc mt
service cn phi c ng k cho php cc client c th gi thc hin
- Bn cnh cho cc service c tnh an ton, ton vn v bo mt thng tin
trong kin trc web service chng ta c thm cc tng Policy, Security,
Transaction, Management gip tng cng tnh bo mt, an ton v ton vn
thng tin khi s dng service.
4.3.2. Giao thc SOAP
110
SOAP l ch vit tt ca cm t Simple Object Access Protocol Giao thc truy cp i
tng n gin, nhng vi s xem xt mi nht th, SOAP s khng cn l mt t vit tt
na. Chun SOAP ghi nhn XML c th hin th no bn trong ti liu SOAP, lm th no
ni dung ca thng ip c truyn ti, v lm th no thng ip c x l c hai pha
gi v nhn. SOAP cng cung cp mt tp cc t vng chun.
Cc thut ng:
Nh bt k cng ngh no, SOAP cng c tp cc thut ng ca ring n. C nhiu thut ng
c s dng thng xuyn m t cc kha cnh khc nhau ca chun SOAP. Nhiu lp
trnh vin dng cc thut ng ny m khng tht s hiu ngha ca n. hiu tht s cc
khi nim i hi phi tn mt thi gian hiu ngha ca tng thut ng v lm th no
p dng cho c chun SOAP v mt Web Services thc th
Ch : Chun SOAP khng ch l chun XML m chun ny cn bao gm cc thng ip
SOAP c hnh vi nh th no, cc phng tin vn chuyn khc nhau, cch m cc li c
x l..
S truyn ti d liu
SOAP Binding
Thut ng m t lm th no mt thng ip SOAP tng tc c vi mt giao thc vn
chuyn nh HTTP, SMTP hay FTP di chuyn trn Internet. iu quan trng l SOAP di
chuyn bng mt giao thc chun lin lc vi cc sn phm Web Services khc.
Trc SOAP, nhiu ngi pht trin to ra cc phng php ca ring h chuyn ti
mt ti liu XML trn mng. Cc cch ny vn hot ng tt trong phm vi mt nhm c th.
Tuy nhin khi bn cn lm vic vi mt nhm khc trong hay bn ngoi cng ty th iu
ny tr nn kh khn v phi hun luyn v c th thay i lm vic vi vic truyn ti ti
liu XML m h ang s dng. Bng cch s dng mt ti liu XML chun trn cc giao thc
chun, cng vic cn lm khi cng tc vi nhau s c gim thiu ti a
SOAP Message Exchang Pattern (MEP)
Thut ng m t lm th no m mt ti liu SOAP trao i gia pha my khch v ch.
Thng ip SOAP s hu mt lin kt, nh l HTTP, n c th truyn trn Internet. Vic
ni chuyn gia my khch v ch, y l cc nt, xc nh cc hnh ng m c hai pha
thc hin.
Nhc li SOAP l mt XML ng gi RPC. V th, MEP hon ton l yu cu v phn hi
gia my khch v ch (hay cc nt khc). Nh vy nu c nhu cu lin lc gia cc nt th
vic ny c thc hin bng nhiu yu cu v phn hi hon tt vic truyn thng ip.
Cch ny khc hn vi cc cng ngh i tng t xa khc nh CORBA, cng ngh c
thc hin ch trong mt kt ni.
SOAP Application
Mt ng dng SOAP n gin l mt ng dng dng SOAP theo mt vi cch khc nhau. Vi
ng dng hon ton da trn chun SOAP, nh l Web Services c phiu, hoc dng chun
SOAP nhn m v cc cp nht ca phn mm. Ch l mt ng dng c th to, s dng
hoc l nt trung gian ca Web Services.
SOAP Node
Trch nhim ca mt nt c th bao gm gi, nhn, x l hoc truyn ti li mt thng ip
SOAP. Mt nt ch l mt phn nh ca phn mm, x l mt ti liu SOAP ph thuc vo
111
vai tr ca n. Bn cnh vic truyn d liu, mt nt c trch nhim m bo thng tin XML
trong ti liu SOAP phi ng ng php theo chun SOAP.
SOAP Role
Mt vai tr ca SOAP nh ngha mt nt c th hot ng nh th no. N c th l nt gi,
nhn hoc nt trung gian.
SOAP Sender
Nt gi l nt gi yu cu SOAP. Nu bn ngh n v d ca ng dng khch ch th khi
ng dng khch thc hin yu cu, n gi thng ip ti ng dng ch yu cu vi thng
tin.
SOAP Receiver
Ngc li vi SOAP sender l nt nhn.
SOAP Intermediary
Mt nt trung gian c th xem mt thng ip SOAP v tng tc trn vi phn thng tin ca
thng ip, v chuyn n v tr k tip ca thng ip. Mt nt trung gian thng hot ng
nh mt router. Mt router s xem xt thng tin ca gi tin chuyn trn mng, tm im k
tip ca gi tin v chuyn gi tin n .
Message Path
Mt thng ip SOAP di chuyn t pha bn gi n pha bn nhn thng ip thng qua
nhiu nt trung gian. Tuyn ng i ca thng ip c gi l mt Message Path.
Initial SOAP Sender
Nt gi yu cu SOAP u tin l nt gi SOAP ban u.
SOAP Feature
Mt c im SOAP l mt phn chc nng ca phn mm h tr chc nng SOAP.
Cc thut ng lin quan n XML
Chun SOAP cng nh ngha mt tp nh cc phn t XML ng gi d liu c truyn
gia cc nt. Tht s ch c vi phn t v phn thn ca thng ip c th khc nhau ph
thuc vo ci t. S uyn chuyn ny c cho php bi chun SOAP.
SOAP Message
y l ti liu XML c truyn bi mt nt SOAP gi hoc nhn. Mt nt gi hoc nt
khch to ra mt ti liu XML cha thng tin m pha bn khch cn t pha ch. Mt khi ti
liu c truyn, pha bn ch phn gii thng tin trong ti liu truy xut cc gi tr khc
nhau v to mt thng ip SOAP mi phn hi.
SOAP Envelope
y l phn t gc ca ti liu SOAP XML. Ti liu SOAP cha nhiu nh ngha khng gian
tn (namespace) nhng cc phn t lin quan ti thng ip SOAP s c ENV: l tip u
ng.
SOAP Header
112
Phn u ca mt thng ip SOAP cha mt khi thng tin u trong ti liu XML nh
tuyn v x l thng ip SOAP. D liu ny tch ri khi phn thn ca ti liu c cha
thng tin lin quan n i tng c gi.
SOAP Header Block
Phn u ca SOAP cha nhiu phn gii hn hay l nhiu khi thng tin c mt khi thng
tin ca phn u. Nhng khi thng tin ca phn u ny cha thng tin v cc nt trung gian
v mt nt cn bit nt k tip thng ip c gi n.
SOAP Body
Phn thn ca SOAP tht s cha thng tin ca i tng x l thng tin. Phn thn sau
khi c phn tch s tr thnh i tng. i tng x l thng tin v kt qu c t
trong phn thn ca ti liu tr v.
SOAP Fault
y l mt phn thng tin ca SOAP cha thng tin n bt k li g xy ra ti mt nt
SOAP.

4.3.3. Xy dng Web Services
- To mt Web Services project

- To Web Method
113

- Chy th Web Services danh sch cc hm s c lit k

- Chn hm Add
114

- Sau khi nhp cc tham s vo, nhn Invoke. Kt qu s xut hin

4.3.4. Triu gi Web Services t ng dng .NET, Java v cc ngn ng khc
- Sau khi xy dng Web Server song ta c th triu gi n t mt ng dng
khc
- To mt Window Form
115

- Add Web Reference

- To mn hnh:

116
- Vit hm x l nt nhn:

- Chy th ng dng ta c kt qu:

4.4 Tho lun v cc ng dng phn tn

4.5. Bi tp p dng
1. Vit chng trnh Chat s dng cng ngh Web Services
2. Vit chng trnh Calculator bng cng ngh Web Services
3. Vit chng trnh qun l FileManager bng cng ngh Web Services.
117
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Richard Blum, C# Network Programming, 2003
2. Fiach Reid, Network programming in NET with C# and VB.NET, Digital
Press, 2003
3. Bi ging Nhp mn Cng ngh phn mm, i hc KHTN
4. Bi ging Xy dng phn mm hng i tng, i hc KHTN
5. Bi ging Lp trnh truyn thng, i hc Cn Th
6. Bi ging Cng ngh .NET, Khoa CNTT i hc SPKT Hng Yn
7. Bi ging Java Nng cao, Khoa CNTT- i hc SPKT Hng Yn
8. Cc v d ti Website: www.java2s.com

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