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  • Lesson 3 Learning Jepanese

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    Delfind Kie
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    A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase or a clause to the rest of the sentence. Particles are an important part of Japanese sentence structure. They resemble English prepositions in the way they connect words, but unlike English prepositions, which come before nouns, Japanese particles always come after nouns. Often these particles can not be translated. Particles are probably one of the most difficult and confusing aspects of Japanese sentences. A particle (joshi) is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase, or a clause to the rest of the sentence. Some particles have English equivalents. Others have functions similar to English prepositions, but since they always follow the word or words they mark, they are post-positions. There are also particles that have a peculiar usage which is not found in English. Most particles are multi-functional.

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    Lesson 3 learning jepanese

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    A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase or a clause to the rest of the sentence. Particles are an important part of Japanese sentence structure. They resemble English prepositions in the way they connect words, but unlike English prepositions, which come before nouns, Japanese particles always come after nouns. Often these particles can not be translated. Particles are probably one of the most difficult and confusing aspects of Japanese sentences. A particle (joshi) is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase, or a clause to the rest of the sentence. Some particles have English equivalents. Others have functions similar to English prepositions, but since they always follow the word or words they mark, they are post-positions. There are also particles that have a peculiar usage which is not found in English. Most particles are multi-functional.

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    12 views2 pages

    Lesson 3 Learning Jepanese

    Uploaded by

    Delfind Kie
    A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase or a clause to the rest of the sentence. Particles are an important part of Japanese sentence structure. They resemble English prepositions in the way they connect words, but unlike English prepositions, which come before nouns, Japanese particles always come after nouns. Often these particles can not be translated. Particles are probably one of the most difficult and confusing aspects of Japanese sentences. A particle (joshi) is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase, or a clause to the rest of the sentence. Some particles have English equivalents. Others have functions similar to English prepositions, but since they always follow the word or words they mark, they are post-positions. There are also particles that have a peculiar usage which is not found in English. Most particles are multi-functional.

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    LESSON 3

    Grammar
    (1)Particles
    A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase or a clause to the rest
    of the sentence. Particles are an important part of apanese sentence structure. !he"
    resem#le En$lish prepositions in the wa" the" connect words, #ut unli%e En$lish
    prepositions, which come #efore nouns, apanese particles alwa"s come after nouns.
    Often these particles can not #e translated.
    Particles are pro#a#l" one of the most difficult and confusin$ aspects of apanese
    sentences. A particle (&oshi) is a word that shows the relationship of a word, a phrase, or a
    clause to the rest of the sentence. Some particles ha'e En$lish e(ui'alents. Others ha'e
    functions similar to En$lish prepositions, #ut since the" alwa"s follow the word or words
    the" mar%, the" are post)positions. !here are also particles that ha'e a peculiar usa$e
    which is not found in En$lish. *ost particles are multi)functional.
    +a ,S -a O and No
    Ni .e
    !o
    Sentence Endin$ Particles (1) Sentence Endin$ Particles (/)
    +a)(topic)mar%er)
    !he particle 0wa0 has no En$lish e(ui'alent. 1t tells "ou that the noun in front of it is the
    topic of the sentence. +hat comes after 0wa0 is the comment. Literall", 0wa0 means 0as
    for.0
    +atashi wa $a%usei desu.
    1 am a student.
    *o(also)
    !he particle 0mo0 means 0also,0 0too,0 or 0as well.0 1t is used in #oth affirmati'e and
    ne$ati'e sentences.
    Anata mo $a%usei desu %a.
    Are "ou a student, too2
    No)(possessi'e)mar%er)
    !he particle 0no0 indicates possession or attri#ution and comes after the noun it modifies.
    1t is li%e the En$lish apostrophe (3s). E.$. 4aren3s.
    +atashi no tomodachi
    *" friend
    4imura)san no senmon
    *r. 4imura3s field of stud"
    (/)5uestions
    !he particle 0%a0 is a (uestion mar%er. !he formation of a (uestion in apanese is eas".
    Put the particle 0%a0 at the end of a sentence and it #ecomes a (uestion. !he word order
    does not chan$e.
    4imura)san wa $a%usei desu.
    *r. 4imura is a student.
    4imura)san wa $a%usei desu %a.

    1s *r. 4imura a student2

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