Auby 1

Jacob Auby
Dr. Nate Millard
English 130
October 19
th
, 2014
Annotated Bibliography 2
This article talk about the sampling of a wolf pack to determine pack size and relationships in
wolf packs. The researchers are using a new technique of Noninvasive genetic sampling in which they
collect scat samples and use the genetic information to categorize the pack into family units to see
which animals are related. About 200 samples were collected from a wolf pack rendezvous location.
From the samples they detected 65 different wolves with an average of 5-20 wolves per pack. The
wolves in each pack were closely related to one another, and all packs included at least 2 years of
offspring from the current breeding pair. Three of the packs had additional breeding adults present. In 1
pack pups were produced by a parent--offspring pair and a pair of their inbred full siblings, indicating
multiple cases of inbreeding.
This article describes, a research project where scat was collected. The data seems accurate.
They took many precautions to ensure no cross contamination. They used sterilized tweezers to ensure
that the scat was untainted. Once the scat was harvested, they placed it into an acid solution to
preserve it integrity.
After reading this article I am not sure what information I can pull from it. I am thinking that I am
going to switch my topic to what makes a healthy relationship in a family. My next annotated
bibliography will most likely have to do with family relationships.
References
STENGLEIN, J. L., WAITS, L. P., AUSBAND, D. E., ZAGER, P., & MACK, C. M. (2011).
Estimating gray wolf pack size and family relationships using noninvasive genetic
sampling at rendezvous sites. Journal Of Mammalogy, 92(4), 784-795. doi:10.1644/10-
MAMM-A-200.1
Auby 2

http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.mantis.csuchico.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=16&sid=169ba7fd-
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