THEORY OF PROJECTION

OBJECTIVES
To Know the elements of projection
To know the system of projections
To know the methods of multi view projections
To know the standard practices in projection
ELEMENTS OF PROJECTION
Object, Plane of Projection and Observer are
the three elements of projection

PROJECTION METHODS
SINGLE VIEW PROJECTION
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Assumptions
The observer is at sufficiently long distance

Visual rays are parallel to each other and
perpendicular to the plane of projection
Methods
Natural Method Obtained by directly looking at a
particular side of the object

Glass Box Method Object is imagined in a glass
box and projections are taken
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Natural Method or Direct view method:
MULTIVIEW PROJECTION
Glass Box method :
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 1
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 1
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 1
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 1
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 1
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 1
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 2
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 2
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 3
GLASS BOX METHOD EXAMPLE 4
PLANES OF PROJECTION (PRINCIPAL PLANES)

There are four
quadrants:
I, II, III and IV

Object can be placed in
any quadrant

There are three
principal planes:
HP, VP and PP


PLANES OF PROJECTION (PRINCIPAL PLANES)
I II
III
IV
VP
HP
OBS
I II
III IV
VP
HP
OBS
I ANGLE OR I QUADRANT METHOD OF PROJECTION
III ANGLE OR III QUADRANT METHOD OF PROJECTION
I ANGLE PROJECTION
III ANGLE PROJECTION
COMPARISON OF I AND III ANGLE PROJECTION
Third-angle Projection
First-angle Projection
Why NOT II and IV
quadrants are used for
placing an object?

I. S. I. CODE OF PRACTICE

The method of first-angle projection is the British
standard practice.
The third-angle projection is the standard practice
followed in America.
In our country,
Until 1955 - first-angle projection
1960 revised version - third-angle projection
1973 second revised version option has
left to user
It is therefore necessary to be perfectly conversant with
both the methods.
CONVENTION
Convention to indicate FIRST angle projection:
CONVENTION
Convention to indicate THIRD angle projection: