Tm tt sch Rubber basic, chng 3

3.1 Cao su t nhin:

Mt xch c bn:

Ngun gc: t rt nhiu loi cy, ch c Hevea Brasiliensis thng mi ha
Latex-m cao su: cha 30-40% khi lng cao su kh, 10-20% m cao su thu c c
c c bng phng php lng, hoc ly tm v s dng trong dng m cao su.
Phn latex cn li c x l thnh cc tm latex kh, crepe v ng kin.
Sch tiu chun quc t v cht lng v ng gi cao su gi l : Green Book (sch
xanh)
Cc loi cao su t nhin chia thnh nhiu loi khc nhau, mi loi c nhiu cp khc
nhau, cp cng cao tnh cht cng tt.
Ngoi ra, mt s nc c sn xut cao su t nhin k thut v h c k hiu ring: VD
SMR, SIR, SSR,
Cao su t nhin l cis-1,4-polyisoprene, khi lng phn t 2-5.10
5
, bao gm 1 s cu t
quan trng khng phi cao su khc( protein, ng, axit bo dung lm cht chng oxi ha,
cht hot ha lu ha, v cc nguyn t khc c th lm xc tc qu trnh oxi ha.
Mt s loi cao su t nhin bin tnh c tnh cht rt tt VD ENR( epoxidize natural
rubber- cao su t nhin epoxy ha) hay copolymer cao su t nhin v
polymethylmethacrylate,
Mch chnh NR khng no nn d b tn cng bi oxy, ozone, nh sng v cc hp cht
khc nn cn c s bo v chng li cc tc nhn trn.
NR khng chu du, b trng n trong hp cht thm, cht bo v dn xut halogen ca
hidrocacbon . NR c kh nng chu nhiu cht v c tr cc axit v c v cc axit oxy
ha. Ni chung NR khng ph hp dng vi cc cht lng hu c, ngoi tr ru thp
phn t.
NR c th c khu mch bng cch s dng lu hunh, cc h cho lu hunh, peroxit
isocyanat v phng x. Lu hunh l ph bin nht.
NR c th to 1 loi nha nhit do cng vi kh nng chu ha cht tuyt vi khi lu
ha vi lu hunh 30 pkl. VD ebonite
ng dng: rt nhiu
3.2 cao su isoprene ( cao su t nhin tng hp) IR

C cu trc gn ging nn tnh cht cng ging cao su t nhin.
1 s im khc bit: ng b hn v nht mu hn NR
Khong khi lng phn t hp hn nn IR t c xu hng thy tinh ha khi ko, dn n
bn, bn ko v x thp hn.
Qu trnh gia cng tng t, cng cn c bo v khi cc tc nhn nh oxy, ozone,
Do thiu nhng cu t khng phi cao su nh trong NR nn IR cn b sng axit stearic
hot ha lu ha v thm 10% cht xc tin t c lu ha tng t vi
NR.( lng lu hunh a vo vn vy)
ng dng:
Cng nh NR
3.3 Polybutadien BR

c sn xut bng phng php trng hp dung dch,
Mt c trng quan trng iu chnh tnh cht ca cao su thnh phm l hm lng cis1,4
v 1,2 vinyl. Lng cis1,4 cao (>90%) c Tg khong -90oC, th hin tnh linh hot
nhit thp hon ho( ch km phenyl silicone) ngoi ra c tnh n hi v khng ma st
rt tt. Tuy nhin kh nng n hi qu tt lm gim kh nng bm ca bnh xe trn mt
ng t nn cao su ny khng c nhiu ng dng nu dng 1 mnh.
Khi cis1,4 gim th 1,2 vinyl tng. Tnh cht lm vic nhit thp, chu ma st v n
hi gim.
Khong phn t khi thp, nn tnh cht gia cng km. Vn BR kh cn trn lm
do trn hp,kh nng bm dnh thp, tnh n hi khin kh nng n km. Cn dng
cht lm mm thng c dng tng kh nng trn hp v h tr qu trnh gia cng.
Mch chnh c ni i nn d b oxy ha, chng du, thm, bo v halogen cacbonhydrat
km.
Lu ha bng lu hunh, cht cho lu hunh, peroxit. So vi NR th cn t lu hunh hn
v xc tin lu ha tt hn lu ha. Lu ha BR bng peroxit c mt khu mch
rt cao, kt qu to ra cao su vi tnh cht n hi vt tri.
Hn hp da trn polymer ny ch t tnh cht ti u lng n v du cao
ng dng
Ch yu dng trong lp xe, v dng blend vi cc loi cao su khc nh NR, SBR: BR
dng gim qu nhit cc b, ci thin tnh chu ma st. ng thi ma st trn bang
cng c ci thin vi hm lng BR cao trong blend.
3.4 cao su nitril ( NBR, HNBR)

L copolymer ca butadiene v acrylonitrile bng trng hp nh tng. Ph hp c trng
hp nng v lnh
Loi lu ha nng thng c tnh chng bin dng v cng cao hn cao su lu ha
lnh
Vic thm acrylonitrile vo mch chnh polymer a vo tnh chu du v nh huowgnr
nhiu tnh cht khc. Cc loi cao su vi hm lng acrylonitrile t 18-50% c thng
mi ha
Thp 18-24% ACN
Trung bnh thp 26-28% ACN
Trung bnh 34% ACN
Trung bnh cao 38-40% ACN
Cao 50% ACN

Hm lng acrylonitrile tng ln: chu du, chu nhin liu, bn ko, cng, chu ma st,
tnh khng thm kh, chu nhit, tng hp tng ln
linh hot nhit thp v n hi gim.
Mt s cht bin tnh ca ACN cng c thng mi ha.
XNBR: ACN bin tnh bng carboxylate : tng mnh sc chu ma st, tng cng, bn
ko, x, tnh gin nhit thp tt hn, duy tr tnh cht vt l sau qu trnh lo ha
bng du nng v khng kh tt hn so vi ACN thng thng.
Dung dch nitril phn t thp dng lm cht do ha thch hp trong hn hp ca cao su
nitril. N c th khu mch vi mch chnh trong qu trnh lu ha, v v th t b tch ra.
PVC/NBR c th c sn xut thnh keo hoc trn hp c l (blends) . loi keo c tnh
cht siu vit. Loi thng mi ha c hm lng PVC t 30-55%. Blend lm gim tnh
n hi, nn tng kh nng n, th hin kh nng khng ozone tuyt vi, tng kh nng
chng trng n trong du, bn ko v x. Tuy nhin gim kh nng linh hot nhit
thp v chu nn. Tnh cht chu ozone ch c th t c nu PVC c phn b u.
t c iu ny kh hn vi trn hp c l.
Cch khc tng kh nng chu ozone l loi b ni i,