PNPN diode

Shockley diode " - "William Shockley

Schottky diode
-
P-N-P-N

two bipolar
transistors NPN . PNP :

.

( )cutoff mode

.

.
!!!!!!

( )
( ) . -
.
- .

 ( )
Anode Cathode .
( -)
.
.. .
: ( )off
V I
.
-1 = 0

-2 ()
.

 -3
( .)ON

(
)

-4 : (
- ) .
ON . OFF

 hysteretic
.
OFF
ON .

:
"latched" -1 ON
.
"Firing" -2 "- "Latch -
.

ON

( )
.

.
(
) :

 .DIAC
Bidirectional . Unidirectional
:

. DC
AC .
Latch .
( Latched )
. ()
:

Silicon-Controlled Rectifier The : SCR

gate

disconnected SCR
( ) .
Gate
Latching
.
( gate )Latch triggering
Firing

 SCrs
ON
. Gate
SCR :
-1 Circuit Short Gate
-2 ( reverse-triggering )

( )ON

.
B
.
B NPN
PNP NPN
.
Gate-Controlled Switch . GCS

.
- ( N-P )
.
(-) .


. (
Gate-Cathode . )
( )
sensitive gate SCRs Triggered .
SCR:

( )Normally opened
. released
latched .
( )Normally closed
. OFF
Latched (
)Normally opened (
) .
Firing holding current 1
50 .
On/Off (
: )

 crowbar
. DC Short Circuit
.

Fuse
.Short Circuit
( Gate )

Circuit Short
().
SCR Unidirectional
AC
( ) gate

:

 ( )
.
( )
.
gate ( diode
- - )
.

.
:


average power .
(
).

( )
.

 trigger threshold ( )
.
( ) phase-shifting

( .
)
( )
( ) 0 90 .
phase-shifting
.

 ( )
Latched .

fired
.
pulse transformer

. (
.)rectifier controlled bridge

 ( ) .
SCR1 SCR3 SCR4 SCR2

.

 . SR3 SR1

bridge rectifier Controlled

single-phase ( three-
)phase ( )

: TRIAC
SCRs
. ( )
TRIAC

 ( AC ) .
SCR (
)
:

( )

.
( harmonics) .

.
( )
( :)DIAC



.
(
.) 2 1
(
)
-1 ( )

-2
.

Silicon-Controlled Switch The : SCS

 ( )
SCS

.
:

ON -
R2
.
( . )natural commutation
SCS forced commutation
. OFF