:

 Computer Definition
()


(. .)1987

Hardware
( )
Software
(Computer System
.)1990

()
( )
()

:
.1
.2
.3 .
3

 - Input

:
Keyboard
Mouse
() Magnetic Disk drive
Touch Screen
Scanners
Voice- Input Devices
Magnetic Ink

recognition:
Bar cod reader

Digital Camera .....

 -
(CPU) Central Processing Unit

Chip
:




.
5

 (
-1
)


.

:



.
7


:
.1 ( ) RAM
.
.2 ROM .

 ( ) ( )
)Random Access Memory( RAM

.



.


)Read Only Memory (ROM


.


.

.

10

) (ROM
:

) (PROM


.

- ) (EPROM



.
11

 ()
Secondary or External Memory

.





).(RAM

12


* :
-1
-2 Diskette or Floppy Disk
-3 () Optical Disk:
- CD-ROM
- Compact Disks
-4 Digital Versatile
Disk DVD
13


BIT
( )0( )1 .
- 8 = Byte
.

- = KB
- = MB
- = GB ( )
- =TB ( )

14

 -
:


.

.
15

 )(Software




:
- Systems Software
.
- Application Software

.
16


-1 (
)




.
-2
.

.
17


* :Operating System



.


.

18

 Application Software



:



19


-1

:
Word
Excel
Chart
Power point
20

 -2

* - :
:









21

 -

.
- 3 Scientific Application
Programs

.........
)(SPSS .

22

23