1

0kl0f 98 888l0f
Arnn InrIzn
IISITS
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
2
10(08
SofoInh monyoIosnIknn bnb InI, Andn
dIhnrnknn dnnf
: MongofnhuI orbodnnn modoI dnfn vokfor
dnn rnsfor
2
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
3
0kl0f 98 888l0f I1l
Raster Vector
Data collection rapid slow
Data volume large small
Graphic treatment average good
Data structure simple complex
Geometrical accuracy low high
Analysis in network poor good
Area analysis good average
Generalization simple complex
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
4
: nfn coIIocfIon dnfn snfoIIf dnInm formnf rnsfor bnnynk forsodIn dnfn
vokfor mombufuhknn omorIksnnn rodIgIfIzIng dnn ongodIfnn osf
dIgIfIzIng
: nfn voIumo mombnndIngknn dnfn rnsfor dnn vokfor dnInm hnI rosoIusI dnn
fIo fIfur
: CrnhIc fronfmonf dnfn rnsfor dnnf dIrosonfnsIknn dnInm rosoIusI
IobIh fInggI
: nfn sfrucfuro Iongkodonn fooIogI unfuk dnfn vokfor orIu dnn
mombufuhknn bnnynk wnkfu unfuk orsInnn
: CoomofrIcnI nccurncy dnfn rnsfor forgnnfung ndn ukurnn soI
: AnnIysIs In nofwork ofunjuk nrnh ndn dnfn rnsfor jnrIngnn rImor
forbnfns sobnnynk 8 , I, I, SI, S, SW, W, W
: Aron nnnIysIs formnf rnsfor monyodInknn mnnIuInsI unfuk fIo nron dongnn
nIgorIfmn ynng ofIsIon dnn sodorhnnn
: ConornIIznfIon gonornIIsnsI fIfur unfuk dnfn rnsfor dnnf monggunnknn
nIgorIfmn ynng ndn hnnyn gonornIIsnsI IInIor ynng dnnf dIgunnknn unfuk dnfn
vokfor
0kl0f 98 888l0f IZl
3
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
5
: TooIogI fIfIk
: TooIogI IInk/nrc
: TooIogI nron
lff0f 100l0l 808 08l8 $88l8l
I0kl0fl 0lll8l
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
6
: Snngnf onfIng ndn fIIo dIgIfnI knronn
bornkIbnf ndn somun fooIogI InIn
IngnImnnn fIfIk borhubungnn dongnn IInk
nfnu nrc
nfn borhubungnn moInIuI orfomunn nrc
nodoId dnffnr IInkIds


100l0l 1lllk
4
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
7
: InkIbnfknn oIoh fooIogI fIfIk, duIIknsI nrc
dnn orofongnn
IngnImnnn IInk dIhubungknn ko fIfIk
IngnImnnn IInk borhubungnn dongnn
nron/oIIgon
nfn borhubungnn dnn bordoknfnn
IInkId fromnodo fonodo Ioffrog rIghfrog


100l0l llklf0
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
8
: Torgnnfung ndn fooIogI fIfIk dnn IInk
IngnImnnn nron borhubungnn dongnn nron
InIn
AsumsI hubungnn
Ibonfuk socnrn ofomnfIs dongnn fooIogI
fIfIk dnn IInk ynng bonnr
100l0l f08
5
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
9
: undorshoofs undorshoofs undorshoofs undorshoofs nrfInyn fIfIk fIdnk borfomu dI fomnf somosfInyn
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI fIfIk fIfIk fIdnk fonf
nfnu fIfIk hIInng ynng monghnsIIknn gnrIs fIdnk
borhubungnn nfnu oIIgon forbukn
: ovorshoofs ovorshoofs ovorshoofs ovorshoofs nrfInyn gnrIs fIdnk dIhonfIknn dIfomnf somosfInyn
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI IInk dnngIo nfnu
gnrIs fnk borhubungnn ynng monnmbnh cIusfor ko ofn
1l0 lff0f I1l
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
10
: duIIcnfo nrcs duIIcnfo nrcs duIIcnfo nrcs duIIcnfo nrcs nrfInyn gnrIs ynng dIsImnn IobIh dnrI snfu knII
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI IInk ynng mombunf
bIngung dofInIsI oIIgon
: sIIvors sIIvors sIIvors sIIvors nrfInyn gnrIs ynng dIsIInngknn dI fomnf ynng fIdnk
somosfInyn
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI oIIgon sIIvor
oIIgon ynng mombunf oIIgon kocII ynng fIdnk
sohnrusnyn ndn
1l0 lff0f IZl
6
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
11
: knofs knofs knofs knofs nrfInyn gnrIs ynng borsIInng ynng fIdnk dIsongnjn
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI IInk ynng mombngI
nrc ko dnInm 3 nfnu IobIh komudInn mongubnh fooIogI
oIIgon
: InboIs InboIs InboIs InboIs nrfInyn kohIInngnn nfnu kosnInhnn fomnf fIfIk roforonsI
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI oIIgon dImnnn
oIIgon mungkIn fIdnk momunynI fIfIk roforonsI nfnu
IobIh dnrI snfu fIfIk roforonsI
: goomofry goomofry goomofry goomofry nrfInyn kohIInngnn fIfIk nfnu gnrIs
: InforrofnsI ormnsnInhnn fooIogI IInk ynng ndn
nkhIrnyn bornkIbnf ndn dIfInIsI oIIgon
1l0 lff0f IJl
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
12
undershoot
overshoot
poorly digitized arc
duplicate arcs
or slivers
missing label
overshoot
overshoot
overshoot
acceptable pseudo
node
pseudo nodes
indocate
missing arc
knot
N000ll 08l8 0kl0f
Iobornn Iobornn Iobornn Iobornn Irror Irror Irror Irror TooIogI TooIogI TooIogI TooIogI Iombonnrnn Iombonnrnn Iombonnrnn Iombonnrnn
7
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
13
: Imngo onhnncomonf ndnInh foknIk
ynng dInIIknsIknn ndn cIfrn dIgIfnI
unfuk mongubnh onnmIInn dnn
IobIh mudnh mongInforofnsIknn
: CIfrn dnnf orbnIkI
ongnn IovoI brIghfnoss bordnsnrknn
formuIn mnfomnfIkn
ongnn mongnIIknsIknn fIIfor snfInI
N000ll 08l8 888l0f I1l
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
14
N000ll 08l8 888l0f IZl
CIfrn nsII IksfrnksI Cru nIInI fInggI Cru nIInI rondnh
SmoofIng ofoksI foI oIso romovnI
8
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
15
: Inhnncomonf bInsnnyn dIkorjnknn monggunnknn
soffwnro khusus ynng dIsobuf Imngo rocossIng
soffwnro
: !sor fIdnk orIu mongorfI rumus mnfomnfIkn ndn
foknIk onhnncomonf
: Inhnncomonf dIkorjnknn dongnn monu ndn
fnmIInn grnfIs
Mongubnh bonfuk dnn ukurnn mIsnInyn momorbosnr nfnu
momorkocII frokuonsI hIsfogrnm unfuk nIInI brIghfnoss
dnn confrnsf
Monggunnknn fIIfor Iownss smoofhIng nfnu hIghnss
odgo dofocfIon 3x3, 5x5, ..... mxm, dImnnn m ndnInh
bIInngnn gnnjII
N000ll 08l8 888l0f IJl
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
16
<-- darker lighter -->
<-- darker lighter -->
<-- darker lighter -->
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
MENAIKKAN BRIGHTNESS atau
KOMBINASI BRIGTNESS dan
CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT
MENURUNKAN BRIGHTNESS
atau MENAIKKAN CONTRAST
LOW CONTRAST
x
x
x
low-pass
filter
high-pass
filter
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-4
1
1 1
1
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
1
2
1
-1
-2
-1
x
N000ll 08l8 888l0f I4l
Mongubnh Mongubnh Mongubnh Mongubnh nIInI nIInI nIInI nIInI brIghfnoss brIghfnoss brIghfnoss brIghfnoss dnn dnn dnn dnn confrnsf confrnsf confrnsf confrnsf
Monggunnknn Monggunnknn Monggunnknn Monggunnknn fIIfor fIIfor fIIfor fIIfor
9
$l$1lN l8f08N$l 6l068fl$
17
: MongodIf rnsfor dnrI ofn scnnnor monggunnknn oornsI
Monurunknn jumInh IksoI ynng dIbufuhknn unfuk
mororosonfnsIknn gnrIs, mIsnInyn IIno fhInnIng
Monghnus gns ynng dIfInggnIknn scnnnor
MondofoksI sfrny IxoIs
: IongodIfnn rnsfor orIu unfuk
Monurunknn kobufuhnn sforngo
VokforIsnsI dnfn rnsfor
line
thinning
gap
removal
stray pixel
removal
N000ll 08l8 888l0f Il