http://baigiangtoanhoc.

com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8

Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

5 N THI K I TON 8
S 01
Bi 1: (1,5 im)
1. Lm php chia :
( ) ( )
2
2 1 : 1 x x x + + +
2. Rt gn biu thc: ( ) ( )
2 2
x y x y +
Bi 2: (2,5 im)
1. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t:
a) x
2
+3x +3y +xy
b) x
3
+5x
2
+6x
2. Chng minh ng thc: (x + y + z)
2
x
2
y
2
z
2
=2(xy +yz +zx)
Bi 3: (2 im)
Cho biu thc: Q =
3 7
2 1 2 1
x x
x x
+

+ +

1. Thu gn biu thc Q.
2. Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x Q nhn gi tr nguyn.
Bi 4: (4 im)
Cho tam gic ABC vung A, ng cao AH. K HD AB v HEAC ( D e AB,
E e AC). Gi O l giao im ca AH v DE.
1. Chng minh AH =DE.
2. Gi P v Q ln lt l trung im ca BH v CH. Chng minh t gic DEQP l
hnh thang vung.
3. Chng minh O l trc tm tam gic ABQ.
4. Chng minh S
ABC
=2 S
DEQP
.
------HT-----

S 02
Bi 1: ( 1,0 im)
Thc hin php tnh:
1. ( )
2
2 3 5 x x
2.
( )
3 2
12 18 :2 x y x y xy +
Bi 2: (2,5 im)
1. Tnh gi tr biu thc : Q = x
2
10x +1025 ti x = 1005
Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh nhn t:
2.
2
8 2 x
3.
2 2
6 9 x x y +
Bi 3: (1,0 im)
Tm s nguyn t x tha mn:
2
4 21 0 x x =
Bi 4: (1,5 im)
Cho biu thc A=
2
2
1 1 1
2 2 4
x
x x x
+
+ +
+
( vi x 2 = )
1. Rt gn biu thc A.
2. Chng t rng vi mi x tha mn 2 2 x < < , x = -1 phn thc lun c gi tr m.
http://baigiangtoanhoc.com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8


Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

Bi 5. (4 im)
Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn, trc tm H. ng thng vung gc vi AB k t
B ct ng thng vung gc vi AC k t C ti D.
1. Chng minh t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.
2. Gi M l trung im BC, O l trung im AD. Chng minh 2OM = AH.
2. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Chng minh ba im H, G, O thng hng.
-------HT ----

S 03
Bi 1. (2 im)
1. Thu gn biu thc :
3 2 2 4 3
2 3
10 3
5 10
x y x y xy x y
| |
+ +
|
\ .

2. Tnh nhanh gi tr cc biu thc sau:
a) A =85
2
+170. 15 +225
b) B =20
2
19
2
+18
2
17
2
+. . . . . + 2
2
1
2

Bi 2: (2im)
1. Thc hin php chia sau mt cch hp l: (x
2
2x y
2
+1) : (x y 1)
2. Phn tch a thc sau thnh nhn t: x
2
+x y
2
+y
Bi 3. (2 im)
Cho biu thc: P =
2 2
8 1 1
:
16 4 2 8 x x x x
| |
+
|
+
\ .

1. Rt gn biu thc P.
2. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc P ti x tha mn x
2
9x +20 =0
Bi 4: ( 4 im)
Cho hnh vung ABCD, M l l trung im cnh AB , P l giao im
ca hai tia CM v DA.
1.Chng minh t gic APBC l hnh bnh hnh v t gic BCDP l
hnh thang vung.
2.Chng minh 2S
BCDP
=3 S
APBC
.
3.Gi N l trung im BC,Q l giao im ca DN v CM.
Chng minh AQ = AB.

S 04
Bi 1: (2 im)
1. Thu gn biu thc sau: A = 3x(4x 3) ( x +1)
2
(11x
2
12)
2. Tnh nhanh gi tr biu thc: B = (15
4
1).(15
4
+1) 3
8
. 5
8

Bi 2: (2 im)
1. Tm x bit : 5(x + 2) x
2
2x =0
2. Cho P =x
3
+x
2
11x +m v Q =x 2
Tm m P chia ht cho Q.
Bi 3: (2im)
1. Rt gn biu thc:
2 2
3 2
4 4
2
x xy y
x x y
+

http://baigiangtoanhoc.com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8


Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

2. Cho M =
2
2
1 1 4
2 2 4
x x
x x x
+
+
+

a) Rt gn M
b) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca x M nhn gi tr nguyn.
Bi 4.
Cho tam gic ABC vung A, ng cao AH.
1. Chng minh AH. BC = AB. AC .
2.Gi M l im nm gia B v C. K MN AB , MP AC ( N e AB, P e AC) .
T gic ANMP l hnh g ? Ti sao?
3. Tnh s o gc NHP ?
4. Tm v tr im M trn BC NP c di ngn nht ?


S 5

A. PHN TRC NGHIM: ( 2im)
Chn p n ng nht ri nh du X vo vung ng trc cu tr li:
Cu 1: Biu thc no di y l bnh phng thiu ca hiu hai biu thc x v 2y:
x
2
+2xy +4y
2
. x
2
2xy +4y
2
. x
2
4xy +4y
2
. x
2
+ 4xy +4y
2

Cu 2: a thc x
2
+6xy
2
+9y
4
chia ht cho a thc no di y ?
x +3y x 3y x +3y
2
x 3y
2

Cu 3: Biu thc
( )( )
2
1 3
4
x x
x

khng xc nh c gi tr khi x bng:

1 3 4 2 ; 2
Cu 4: Cho hai phn thc i nhau
A
B
v
A
B

. Khng nh no di y l sai ?

A
B
+
A
B

=0
A
B

A
B

=0
A
B
:
A
B

= 1
A
B
.
A
B

=
2
2
A
B

Cu 5: Cho tam gic ABC c BC = 6cm . Khi di ng trung bnh MN bng:
12 cm. 6 cm 3cm Khng xc nh
c.
Cu 6: Cho hnh thang cn ABCD c hai y AD v BC. Khng nh no di y l sai ?


0
180 BAD CDA + = .

0
180 BAD CBA + = .

0
180 BCD CDA + =

ABC BCD =
Cu 7: Hnh no sau y c 4 trc i xng:
hnh vung. hnh thoi. hnh ch nht. hnh thang cn.
Cu 8: Tam gic ABC vung A c AB = 6cm, BC = 10cm. Din tch ca tam gic bng:
60 cm
2
48 cm
2
30 cm
2
24 cm
2
B. PHN BI TP: (8 im)
Bi 1: (1,5 im)
1. Tnh gi tr biu thc sau bng cch hp l nht: 126
2
26
2
2. Tnh gi tr biu thc x
2
+y
2
bit x + y = 5 v x.y =6
Bi 2: (1,5 im)
http://baigiangtoanhoc.com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8


Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

// // / /
H Q P
O
E
D
C
B
A
Tm x bit:
1. 5( x +2) +x( x +2) =0
2. (2x +5)
2
+(4x +10)(3 x) +x
2
6x +9 =0
Bi 3: (1,5 im)
Cho biu thc P =
2 2
4
. 4 3
2
x x
x x
| | +
+
|

\ .
( vi x = 2 ; x = 0)
1. Rt gn P.
2. Tm cc gi tr ca x P c gi tr b nht. Tm gi tr b nht .
Bi 4: (3,5 im)
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c ( AB < AC). Phn gic gc BAC ct
ng trung trc cnh BC im D. K DH vung gc AB v DK vung gc AC.
1. T gic AHDK l hnh g ? Chng minh.
2. Chng minh BH = CK.
3. Gi s AC = 8cm v BC =10 cm. Gi M l trung im BC. Tnh din tch
ca t gic BHDM.



BI TON HNH HC N THI K I

Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC vung A, ng cao AH. K HD AB v HE AC ( DeAB
, E e AC). Gi O l giao im ca AH v DE.
1. Chng minh AH = DE.
2. Gi P v Q ln lt l trung im ca BH v CH. Chng minh t gic DEQP l
hnh thang vung.
3. Chng minh O l trc tm tam gic ABQ.
4. Chng minh S
ABC
=2 S
DEQP
.
BI GII.
1. Chng minh AH = DE.
Tam gic ABC vung A nn

0
90 BAC =
HD AB (gt)

0
90 ADH = , HE AC (gt)

0
90 AEH = ,
T gic ADHE c ba gc vung nn n l hnh ch nht. Do : AH = DE (pcm).
2. Chng minh t gic DEQP l hnh thang vung.
Ta c: OD =OH (tnh cht ng cho hnh ch nht ADHE)
PD =PH =
1
2
BH (tnh cht trung tuyn ca tam gic vung ng vi cnh huyn)
Vy : OP l ng trung trc DH. Do :

ODP OHP = (tnh cht i xng)
M

0
90 OHP = nn

0
90 ODP = DP DE. Chng minh tng t: EQ DE.
Suy ra: DP // EQ . Vy t gic DEQP l hnh thang vung. (pcm)
3. Chng minh O l trc tm tam gic ABQ.
Tam gic AHC c O l trung im AH (tnh cht ng cho hnh ch nht
ADHE),Q l trung im CH nn OQ l ng trung bnh tam gic AHC.
Do : OQ // AC. M AC AB nn QO AB.
Tam gic ABQ c AH , QO l hai ng cao ca tam gic ct nhau O.
http://baigiangtoanhoc.com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8


Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

_
_
// //
G
H
D
M
O
C
B
A
_
_
// //
G
H
D
M
O
C
B
A
O
P
N
M
H
F
E
D
C B
A
Do O l trc tm ca tam gic ABQ.
4. Chng minh S
ABC
=2 S
DEQP
.
S
DEQP
= ( )
1
.
2
DP EQ DE + =
1
.
2 2 2
BH CH
AH
| |
+
|
\ .
=
1 1
. .
2 2
BC AH =
1
2
ABC
S
Suy ra: S
ABC
=2 S
DEQP
(pcm)
Bi 2: Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn,trc tm H. ng thng vung gc vi AB k
t B ct ng thng vung gc vi AC k t C ti D.
1. Chng minh t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.
2. Gi M l trung im BC, O l trung im AD. Chng minh OM BC
v 2OM =AH.
3. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Chng minh ba im H, G, O thng hng.
BI GII:

1.Chng minh t gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.
H l trc tm tam gic ABC nn BH AC , CH AB.
M CD AC , BD AB (gt) suy ra: BH // CD, CH // BD.
Do BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.




2. Chng minh 2OM = AH
T gic BHCD l hnh bnh hnh , M l trung im BC
Suy ra M cng l trung im HD, m O l trung im AD nn
OM l ng trung bnh tam gic AHD.
Do : OM // AH v AH = 2 OM.
AH BC nn OM BC.
3. Chng minh ba im H, G, O thng hng.
Tam gic ABC c AM l ng trung tuyn,
G l trng tm nn GM =
1
3
AM.
AM li l ng trung tuyn ca tam gic AHD (v M l trung im HD) nn G l
trng tm ca AAHD. HO l ng trung tuyn ca AAHD ( v OA =OD) nn HO
i qua G. Vy ba im H, G, O thng hng.
Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC nhn, M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, AC v
BC.
1. Cc t gic BMNC v BMNP l hnh g? Ti sao?
2. Gi H l trc tm tam gic ABC; D, E, F ln lt l trung im ca BH, CH, AH.
Chng minh DN = ME.
3. Gi O l giao im ME v DN. Chng minh ba im P, O, F thng hng.
Hng dn s lc:
1. T gic BMNC l hnh thang, t gic BMNP l hnh bnh
hnh (dng ng trung bnh tam gic)
2. Dng ng trung bnh c MN // DE (cng song song BC)
http://baigiangtoanhoc.com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8


Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

P
N
M
D C
B
A
_
_
-
// //
Q
P
N
M
D C
B
A
P
H
N
M
C
B
A
MN =DE (cng bng
1
2
BC ) MDEN l hnh bnh hnh.
DE//BC, MD//AH, AH BC MN MD MDEN l
hnh ch nht DN =ME
3. Chng minh DPNF l hnh bnh hnh ng cho PF i qua trung im O ca
DN ba im P, O, F thng hng.
Bi 4. Cho hnh vung ABCD, M l l trung im cnh AB , P l giao im ca hai tia CM
v DA.
1.Chng minh t gic APBC l hnh bnh hnh v t gic BCDP l
hnh thang vung.
2. Chng minh 2S
BCDP
=3 S
APBC
.
3. Gi N l trung im BC, Q l giao im ca DN v CM. Chng minh AQ = AB.
Hng dn s lc
1. Chng minh AAMP =ABMC (g.c.g) AP =BC, c AP// BC t suy ra
APBC l hnh bnh hnh.
D dng chng minh BCDP l hnh thang vung.
2. S
BCDP
=S
ABP
+S
ABC
+S
ADC
; S
APBC
=S
ABP
+S
ABC

Ch : AABP =ABAC =ADCA nn S
ABP
=S
ABC
=S
ADC

T : S
BCDP
=3S
ABP
, S
APBC
=2 S
ABP

3
2
BCDP
APBC
S
S
= 2S
BCDP
=3 S
APBC

Lu : Nu hc kp din tch cc hnh c th s dng cng thc tnh nhanh hn.


3. Chng minh DN CM ,s dng tnh cht ng trung tuyn
ca tam gic vung ng vi cnh huyn suy ra AQ = AD.
AD =AB t suy ra pcm
Bi 5: Cho tam gic ABC vung A, ng cao AH.
1. Chng minh AH. BC = AB. AC .
2. Gi M l im nm gia B v C . K MN AB ,
MP AC ( N e AB, P e AC) .
T gic ANMP l hnh g ? Ti sao?
3. Tnh s o gc NHP ?
4. Tm v tr im M trn BC NP c di ngn nht ?
Hng dn.

1. X dng cng thc tnh din tch tam gic v cng thc tnh
din tch tam gic vung ri suy ra kt qu.
2. X dng du hiu nhn bit t gic c ba gc vung suy ra
T gic ANMP l hnh ch nht.
3t thm giao im O ca AM v NP, s dng tnh cht trong
tam gic vung MHA c HO =
1
2
AM , AM =NP t c
HO =
1
2
NP tam gic NHP vung
http://baigiangtoanhoc.com Tuyn tp thi hc k 1 ton lp 8


Trung tm gia s VIP S 4 ng 128, Hong Vn Thi, Thanh Xun, H Ni
Hotline: 0914625305

4. NP =AM, NP ngn nht AM ngn nht . Lp lun AM khi M trng H
BI TP T KIM TRA NNG LC
Bi 6 . Cho tam gic ABC , M l trung im AC, N l trung im AB. Trn ng thng
BM ly im P sao cho M l trung im BP. Trn ng thng CN ly im Q sao
cho N l trung im QC.
1. Chng minh t gic ABCP, ACBQ l hnh bnh hnh.
2. Chng minh ba im Q, A, P thng hng.
3. Tm iu kin cho tam gic ABC t gic APCB l hnh thoi.
4. Tm iu kin cho tam gic ABC t gic BCPQ l hnh thang cn.