PON Posted octane number: (R M)/2.

Posted octane number Arithmetic average of research octane number and motor
octane number. In the United States, this is the octane number that by federal
law must be posted on gasoline dispensing pumps.
Pour point The lowest temperature at which a petroleum oil will flow or pour
when it is chilled without disturbance at a controlled rate. Pour point is a cri
tical
specification of middle distillate products used in cold climates; ASTM D-99.
Pour blending index (PBI) An empirical quantity related to pour point, which
allows volumetric blending of pour points of various blend components. This
method of blending is most accurate for blending of similar fractions of the sam
e
crude.
Raffinate The residue recovered from an extraction process. An example is
the furfural extraction of aromatics from high molecular weight distillates. The
raffinate is relatively free of aromatics which have poor viscositytemperature
characteristics (low VI; a high rate of change of viscosity with temperature).
Ramsbottom carbon residue A measure of the carbon forming potential
(amount of coke formed) of a petroleum fraction. This is determined by a standar
d
laboratory test procedure which subjects the sample to severe thermal cracking
conditions. Recommended to replace Conradson carbon; ASTM D-524. Carbon
residue expressed in wt% of the original sample.
Reconstituted crude A crude to which has been added a specific crude fraction
for the purpose of meeting some product volume unattainable with the original
crude.
Reduced crude A crude whose API gravity has been reduced by distillation
of the lighter lower-boiling constituents.