Bo co tun 2

Mc tiu:
a ra c sn phm p ng yu cu v hn ch sai s ti a c th.
Hiu c s nguyn l v cch hot ng ca mch.
Bit cch lp trnh v np code cho AVR Atmega8.
Hin ti lm c:
Tm ti liu v cc linh kin cho mch.
Vn gp phi:
Cha hiu r v s ni chn cng nh cch hot ng.
Cha bit cch lp trnh cho mch
Em tm hiu c s qua thng tin v cc linh kin dng cho ti.
Li ni u
Sng siu m l sng c hc c f>20kHz, c th to ra bng cch truyn lc c
hc vo mi trng siu m. Cm bin siu m l thit b dng o khong cch nh
vo sng siu m.
1.SRF05
Tm hiu c thng s
Tm hiu c nguyn l hot ng
y l cm bin siu m dng ngun 5V, dng 4mA, phm vi t 1cm-4m, tn s
40KHz, u vo tch khi l 10uS Min trigger, gm c 2 ch : tch bit kch hot
phn hi v dng 1 chn cho c kch hot, phn hi( chn ch ni vi chn mt). Vi
yu cu bi ca mnh, em tm hiu c l dng ch 1: tch bit kch hot, phn
hi( chn ch khng kt ni). ch ny, u tin ta cp 1 xung mc cao c
rng l 10uS chn Trigger, sau SRF05 s to ra 8 xung pht siu m. Sau khi pht
8 xung ny, th SRF05 s ko chn echo ln mc 1. rng mc 1 chn echo tng
ng vi khong cch t SRF05 n vt cn, khi khng cn vt cn th chn echo s tr
v mc 0 trong vng 30mS. Tuy nhin, chn Trigger ch c th nhn c xung ti a l
20Hz nn cn kch xung vi gi tr hp l m bo chnh xc.
2.LCD
LCD dng loi LCD1602 vi giao din 4 hoc 8 bit, ngun l 5V,gi tham kho
tm 68k.
3.ATmega8
Tm hiu thng s v s chn
Tm hiu c cch ni vi SRF05 (k r rng)
ATmega8 l vi iu khin h AVR do hng atmel sn xut, gm 28 chn, c
chia lm 3 PORT l B, C, D. Mi PORT gm c 8 chn, c th dng xut hoc nhp
thng tin, v mi PORT lin quan n 3 thanh ghi(8 bits) c tn tng ng l
DDRx,PINx,PORTx vi x l tn ca PORT, mi bit trong thanh ghi tng ng vi mi
chn ca PORT. Chn PD2, PD3 dng ngt ngoi v timer. Chn PB6 vi PB7 dng
cp dao ng ngoi.

Kt ni chn Trigger vi 1 chn I/O bnh thng, chn echo kt ni vi chn vo
ca chn interrupt 0 ( chn T0). u chn echo nh vy c th m thi gian chnh
xc nht, cng c th kt ni n vi chn I/O bnh thng.Tuy vy s phi lun kim tra
trng thi ca chn , dng timer 1 m thi gian( rng xung trn chn echo).
4.Cch o khong cch bng sng siu m( lp trnh)
C 3 cch o:
Cch u tin l o rng xung ca tn hiu thu v v p dng nh lut Doppler
tnh ra khong cch vi tn s pht l 40Khz.
Cch th hai l c gi tr adc, t gi tr adc ny c th tnh c khong cch.
Cch th ba l dng nguyn l TOF ( time of flight) o khong cch t khi truyn
xung n khi nhn c xung ri tnh theo cng thc d=(v*t) vi v=340m/s.
y, em s dng cch 3 tnh khong cch