INTRODUCTION

Transits and theodolites were commonly used.

Recently, total stations has replaced all replaced all instruments instruments.
Total station can accomplish all tasks all tasks much more
efficiently.
In addition, they can also measure distances measure distances
accurately and quickly.
Furthermore, they can make computations with
angle and angle and distance distance distance measurements measurements.
They can display the display the results results in a real time.
They are used for all types all types of surveys surveys.








TOTAL STATION
A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying and building
construction. The total station is an electronic theodolite (transit) integrated with an
electronic distance meter (EDM) to read slope distances from the instrument to a
particular point.
Robotic total stations allow the operator to control the instrument from a distance via
remote control. This eliminates the need for an assistant staff member as the operator
holds the reflector and controls the total station from the observed point.


Total station = theodolite
+
built in EDM
+
built in data collector
+
Microprocessor

Measures and Records:
Horizontal Angles.
Vertical Angles and Slope Distances

Calculates:
Horizontal Distance.
Vertical Distance.
Azimuths of Lines X,Y,Z Coordinates
Layout
etc.


PARTS OF A TOTAL STATION






Handling a total station

Total station set up
Should be centered over the survey point.
Should be leveled.
- bulls-eye bubble for preliminary leveling - one
plate bubble for precise leveling