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N TP KIM NGHIM
Cc nh ngha:
1. Thuc: l cht haowcj hn hp cc cht dng cho ng nh!" "#c $ch ph%ng &'nh( ch)a &'nh chu*n on &'nh
ho+c ,u ch-nh ch.c n/ng 0nh l1 c2 th3 &ao g4" thuc thnh ph*"( ngu56n l'u l" thuc( 7ac8n( 0nh ph*" 5 t9(
t:; th<c ph*" ch.c n/ng.
=. Thuc thnh ph*": l thuc > ?ua tt c@ cc ga oAn 0@n 8ut( B3 c@ Cng gC t:ong &ao &D cu cng 7 dn nh>n.
E. Thuc t; dc l'u: l thuc c 0@n 8ut t; ngu56n l'u cC ngu4n gc t; Fng 7Gt( th<c 7Gt ho+c Bhong cht.
Thuc cC hoAt cht tnh Bh9t c ch9t 8ut t; dc l'u( thuc cC 0< B9t B9t hp g)a dc l'u 7H cc cht hCa
hIc tJng hp BhKng gI l thuc t; dc l'u.
L. Thuc Kng 5: l thuc t; dc l'u( c &o ch9 thMo l1 luGn 7 ph2ng php cNa 5 hIc cJ t:u5,n cNa cc nHc
Oh2ng PKng.
Q. Thuc "H: l thuc ch.a dc cht "H( thuc cC 0< B9t hp "H cNa cc dc cht > lu hnh.
R. Sgu56n l'u l" thuc: l cht tha" ga 7o thnh phTn cu tAo cNa 0@n ph*" t:ong ?u t:Dnh 0@n 8ut thuc.
U. Vc cht: WhoAt chtX l cht ho+c hn hp cc cht cC hoAt t$nh ,u t: c 0Y d#ng tZng 0@n 8ut thuc.
[. \'t dc: thuc cC t6n th2ng "A do c2 0] 0@n 8ut +t :a( Bhc 7H t6n gc ho+c t6n chung ?uc t9.
^. Cht lng thuc: tJng hp cc t$nh cht +c t:ng cNa thuc C. Sh!" @" &@o cho thuc At cc "#c t6u:
_ CC h'u l<c ph%ng &'nh 7 ch)a &'nh.
_ `hKng cC ho+c cC $t tc d#ng cC hA.
_ an nh 7, cht lng t:ong th hAn > 8c nh.
_ T'n d#ng db &@o ?u@n.
cdO ef th<c hnh tt 0@n 8ut thuc.
cgO ef th<c hnh tt ph%ng B3" ngh'" thuc.
chO ef th<c hnh tt &@o ?u@n thuc.
1i. `3" t:a cht lng thuc: l 7'c 0Y d#ng cc ph2ng php phjn t$ch: l1( hCa( 0nhk> ?u5 nh 3 8c nhGn "Ft
thuc cC At t6u chu*n ?u5 nh ha5 BhKng. `3" t:a cht lng thuc nh!" t:@ l cc cju hZ:
l Pj5 cC ph@ l thuc cTn B3" t:a BhKngm
l CC @" &@o hoAt l<c ha5 h" lng > /ng B1 ha5 BhKngm
l CC At F tnh Bh9t thMo 56u cTu BhKngm
l CC & phjn hN5 ha5 &9n cht BhKngm
l P4 &ao gC( nh>n cC nng ?u5 cch BhKngm
11. Thuc At t6u chu*n l thuc m
Pp .ng T5 N cc 56u cTu Bo thuGt t6u chu*n > , :a.
1=. Thuc BhKng At t6u chu*n l thucm
`hKng p .ng $t nht "Ft ch- t6u cht lng &t Bp t:ong t6u chu*n > /ng B1. Thuc BhKng At t6u chu*n l
thuc Bq" cht lng.
1E. Thuc g@ l thucm
`hKng cC ho+c cC $t hoAt cht.
Thuc cC ch.a dc cht Bhc 7H dc cht gh t:6n nh>n.
Sh>n( &ao gC gng ha5 gTn gng 7H nh>n( &ao gC cNa thuc Bhc.
1L. C2 ?uan nh nHc B3" t:a cht lng thuc ] a ph2ng lm
Oh%ng ngh'p 7# dc r h] s t9.
1Q. C2 ?uan ?u@n l1 nh nHc 7, cht lng thucm
C#c ?u@n l1 dc do \F s T9 N5 ?u5,n.
1R. C2 ?uan B3" t:a cht lng cNa nh nHc 7, thucm
t'n B3" ngh'" T:ung u2ng v t'n B3" ngh'" TO wCd.
1U. T6u chu*n hCa g4" "5 nF dungm
= nF dung: 8j5 d<ng t6u chu*n 7 p d#ng t6u chu*n.
1[. Ohjn cp t6u chu*n 7, thuc thMo t:Hc j5 g4" "5 cpm
E cp: TC t't Sa" r TC ngnh r TC c2 0].
1^. Ohjn cp t6u chu*n 7, thuc thMo h'n na5 g4" "5 cpm
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= cp: TC t't Sa" r TC C2 h].
=i. s6u cTu cht lng 7H 1 ph2ng php thY m
T$nh t6n t9n r t$nh th<c t9 l t$nh Bnh t9 l t$nh an ton.
=1. Vc 3n t't Sa" &o g4" nh)ng t l'u nom
TGp hp cc t6u chu*n nh nHc.
Sh)ng ?u5 nh chung tZng cKng tc B3" ngh'".
dFt 0 ph# l#c( &@ng t:a c.u.
==. Vc 3n t't Sa" xxx( xt g4" cC "5 chu56n luGn v c 8ut &@n n/" nom
VPtS xxx cC EL= chu56n luGn( 8ut &@n n/" =ii=.
VPtS xt cC 11QU chu56n luGn( 8ut &@n n/" =ii^.
=E. y g5 Bho@ngz l l5 "Ft lng 7H F ch6nh l'ch BhKng ?u &ao nh6u { 0o 7H 56u cTum

=L. y P9n Bh lng BhKng Jz l 8Y l1 ch9 ph*" 9" Bh no F l'ch g)a ha lTn B9 t9p nhaum
| i.Q"g.
=Q. VPtS ?u5 nh nh't F chu*n l &ao nh6um
=i
i
C.
=R. h &ao gC t:ong lK l5 :a 3 tAo "}u &an Tu c t$nh thMo cKng thuaw0c nom
ne i.L .~
=U. `9t ?u@ B3" ngh'" c t:@ l &!ng gDm
T:@ l &!ng ph9u B3" ngh'" ha5 ph9u phjn t$ch.
=[. Oh9u B3" ngh'" c lu g) $t nht &ao nh6u n/"m
E n/".
=^. c t: t:ung &Dnh l gDm
g g t: ng tn cG5 7 c l5 l" B9t ?u@ cNa phqp 8c nh.
\!ng t:ung &Dnh cFng cc g t: B9t ?u@ cNa phqp 8c nh.
Ei. CC "5 loA 0a 0 t:ong B3" ngh3"m nh ngha cc loA 0a 0 C.
CC E loA
ha 0 thK: l 0a 0 Bh B9t ?u@ thu c Bhc 8a 7H g t: t:ung &Dnh W8X( ha5 g t: th<c W ( ngu56n nhjn chN
59u l do 0< c*u th@ cNa ng l".
ha 0 h' thng: l 0a 0 &9t : ngu56n nhjn( nC l" cho B9t ?u@ &9n J thMo ?u5 luGt nht nh( @nh h]ng 9n
I ch$nh 8c c@u B9t ?u@. `hc ph#c &!ng cch h'u ch-nh th9t &( tha5 Z hCa cht( thuc thY At chu*n. Chn 1
59u t Bo n/ng 7 ta5 ngh, ng l".
ha 0 ng}u nh6n: l cho d) l'u thu c dao Fng ng}u nh6n ?uanh g t t:ung &Dnh( @nh h]ng tH F lGp lA
cNa B9t ?u@( l" g@" F ch$nh 8c cNa phqp 8c nh. `hKng th3 loA &Z 0a 0 ng}u nh6n( nhng cC th3 hAn ch9
&!ng cch t/ng 0 th$ ngh'" 7 8Y l1 0 l'u &!ng thng B6.
E1. P3 hAn ch9 0a 0 t:ong B3" ngh'"( ga oAn no l ?uan t:Ing nhtm
Y l1 "*u thY.
E=. CC "5 ph2ng php 8Y l05 "*u thYm `3 t6n.
CC Q ph2ng php:
_ w%a tan "*u.
_ Ohjn hN5 &!ng acd "Anh.
_ Ohjn hN5 &!ng Bo thuGt 7 0Cng.W d<a t:6n n/ng lng 0Cng 'n t;X.
_ Ohjn hN5 &!ng nh't.
_ Y l1 "*u &!ng Bo thuGt tch pha. WBhKng c a cht lA 7o l" @nh h]ng B9t ?u@ B3" ngh'"X.
EE. CKng th.c t$nh 0a 0 tu5't m

EL. Cc &Hc 8Y l1 B9t ?u@ 7H phqp thY "H ngh6n c.um

T$nh g t: t:ung &Dnh.
T$nh F l'ch chu*n h.
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T$nh 0a 0 ng}u nh6n
EQ. T:ong 8Y l1 "*u thY( 7H pp h%a tan "*u cC th3 h%a tan "*u &!ng cht gDm
w%a tan &!ng nHc 7H cht db tan
w%a tan &!ng dung dch acd( dung dch B,"( dung dch cNa cht o85 hCa BhY th$ch hIp C 7H cht BhC tan.
ER. T:ong 8Y l1 "*u thY( 7H Bo thuGt tch pha cC th3 tch &!ng nh)ng cch nom
`9t tNa.
Chng ct.
Ch9t &!ng dung "K.
`o thuGt 0c B1.
EU. T:ong 8Y l1 "*u thY( pp phjn hN5 &!ng nh't dng 3 phjn hN5 cht nom CC th3 th<c h'n &!ng cch nom
Ohjn hN5 cht h)u c2( chu53n chnng thnh cht &a5 h2.
Th<c h'n &!ng cch( t t:6n ngIn lYa( t t:ong ng B$n ha5 &Dnh B$n cC o85( nung t:ong l% nung.
E[. CC "5 pp dng 3 pha dung dch chu*nm
L pp: pha t; cht gc.
Oha gTn nng :4 h'u ch-nh.
Oha lo>ng t; dung dch cC n4ng F cao.
Vng ng chu*n.
E^. u5 nh chung cNa dung dch chu*n F m
g dung dch cC n4ng F c &9t ch$nh 8c dng t:ong phjn t$ch nh lng thMo th3 t$ch.
CC h' 0 `e1.
Li. S4ng F dung dch chu*n F c &3u th &!ng A l2ng nom
S4ng F 2ng lng ga" S: 0 2ng lng ga" cht tan t:ong 1.iii "l dung dch.
S4ng F phjn tY ga" d: 0 phjn tY ga" cht tan t:ong 1.iii"l dung dch.
L1. tng chu53n "u cNa "Mt5l da ca"( "Mt5l Z( phMnol Z( phMnolphtalMn m
dMt5l da ca": pw E(i Z L(L 7ng.
dMt5l Z: pw L(L Z R(i 7ng.
OhMnol Z: pw R([ 7ng [(L Z.
OhMnolphtalMn: pw [(= BhKng "u 1i(i Z.
L=. Cc ph2ng php tch l nhC" cc phuong php 7Gt l1( hCa hIc( hCa l1 nh" "#c $ch gD m
Pa hn hp ph.c tAp cNa nh,u cht( thnh hn hp 2n g@n 7 t; C tch :6ng t;ng cht.
LE. T:ong pp tch hn hp cTn tch cC th3 ] dAng nom
VAng 4ng nht 7 dAng BhKng 4ng nht.
LL. Sh dch l gDm
g hn hp = pha lZng BhKng t:Fn l}n 7o nhau.
LQ. wn dch l gDm
g hn hp g4" "Ft pha lZng 7 "Ft pha :n BhKng t:Fn l}n 7o nhau.
LR. CC "5 ph2ng php tch dng t:ong B3" ngh'"m
L ph2ng php.
_ Oh2ng php lIc.
_ Oh2ng php l5 tj".
_ Oh2ng php cha ct pha.
_ Oh2ng php ch9t.
LU. Oh2ng php lIc l ph2ng phpm
Vng 3 tch pha lZng BhZ pha :n.
g ph2ng php 2n g@n nhng h'u ?u@.
L[. `o thuAt lIc( cC th3 lIc ]m
p 0ut thng.
p 0ut g@".
L^. Sh)ng 7Gt l'u lIc thng dngm
c5 lIc( &Kng thN5 tnh( phbu lIc thN5 tnh 8pk
Qi. Oh2ng php l5 tj" m
Vng l<c l5 tj" 3 l" lng B9t tNa.
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Tc F lng ph# thuFc 7o l<c l5 tj".
Q1. Oh2ng php cha ct pha th<c h'n &!ng nh)ng cch nom
ChIn lIc c2 hIc.
gng >.
goA &Ht dung "K &!ng cch cK +c ha5 &a5 h2.
Q=. T:ong ph2ng php ch9t( cC "5 cch ch9t lZng r lZng( B3 t6nm
CC E cch:
_ Ch9t 2n.
_ Ch9t l+p.
_ Ch9t ngc d%ng.
QE. T:ong ph2ng php ch9t( cC "5 cch ch9t lZng l :nm
CC = cch:
_ Vng pha :n: ch9t cc cht t; pha lZng( nh 7o 0< hp ph#.
_ Vng pha lZng: ch9t cc cht t; "}u phjn t$ch l cht :n.
QL. T:ong pp 0c B1 cC "5 pham
CC = pha:
_ Oha tnh WhOX .ng 56n. CC th3 lZng ho+c :n.
_ Oha Fng WdOX d chu53n. CC th3 lZng ho+c Bh$.
QQ. V<a 7o t:Ang th cNa pha Fng ng ta cha 0c B1 thnh "5 nhC"( B3 t6nm
= nhC": 0c B1 Bh$( 0c B1 lZng.
QR. u t:Dnh 0c B1 g4" "5 ga oAn ch$nhm
Pa "*u thY l6n pha tnh.
Cho pha Fng chA5 ?ua pha tnh.
Oht h'n cc cht 7 8Y l1 B9t ?u@.
QU. ng d#ng( u 3"( A lng +c t:ng cNa pp 0c B1 lHp "Zngm
l ng d#ng:
Pnh t$nh.
ThY F tnh Bh9t.
Pnh lng.
l uu 3": th9t & 2n g@n( th gan phjn t$ch nhanh( chIn lIc.
l PA lng +c t:ng: h' 0 lu g) .
Q[. hc B1 lHp "Zng d<a 7o c2 ch9 nom
wp ph#.
Q^. goA cht hp ph# dng t:ong 0c B1 lHp "Zngm
hlcagMl.
Ri. V#ng c# ch" 0c B1 thng dngm
d5 ch" 0c B1.
dc:oppMt.
ng "ao ?u@n thng.
ng "ao ?u@n nh ".c ch$nh 8c.
R1. V#ng c# pht h'n 0c B1 lHp "Zngm
\Dnh phun thuc thY.
Pn hupnh ?uang tY ngoA.
d5 o "Gt F 79t.
R=. Vung "K dng t:ong 0c B1 lHp "Zngm
Oh# thuFc 7o &@n cht cNa cht ngh6n c.u.
CC th3 l 2n ho+c hn hp.
Oh@ At F tnh Bh9t cao.
RE. Cch ch" cht phjn t$ch l6n &@n "Zngm
P3" ch" 8ut pht cch "qp dH &@n "Zng 1 r 1(Q c"( cch &, "+t dung "K i([ r 1(i c".
t9t ch" ph@ nhZ gIn. cc 79t ch" cch nhau 1Q""( cch & t:6n &@n "Zng $t nht 1c".
RL. \@n cht cNa 0c B1 lHp "Zngm
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w' 0c B1 lZng r :n.
Oha tnh :n.
Oha Fng l "Ft h' dung "K.
RQ. \@n cht cNa 0c B1 t:ao J onm
w' 0c B1 lZng r :n.
Oha tnh l cht cC Bh@ n/ng t:ao J on Wcatnon v anonX.
RR. hc B1 t:ao J on d<a 7o c2 ch9 nom
V<a 7o ph@n .ng t:ao J on g)a cc thnh phTn t:ong pha Fng( 7 cc on cC 0n t:ong cFt 0c B1.
RU. Cht t:ao J on thng dng m
Sh<a t:ao J on ha5 ond.
xond t:ao J caton gI l catond.
xond t:ao Z anoon gI l anond.
R[. ng d#ng cNa 0c B1 t:ao J onm
Tch cc on.
Pnh lng cc cht.
g" 0Ach cc on t:ong nHc.
R^. T9n hnh th<c h'n 0c B1 lHp "Zng g4" "5 &Hcm
c4" Q &Hc.
Chu*n & &@n "Zng.
Chu*n & &Dnh Bha t:3n 0c B1.
Ch" cht phjn t$ch l6n &@n "Zng.
T:3n Bha 0c B1.
Oht h'n.
Ui. T:ong ch9t ngc d%ngm
Vung "K 7 dch ch9t ngc ch,u nhau.
U1. Shc 3" cNa pp ch9t l+pm
Tn th gan( db l" phjn hN5 cht cTn tch.
U=. Shc 3" cNa pp ch9t 2nm
w'u 0ut ch9t thp.