Thuc th vi mt s cation,anion v cc kh

Cation Dung dch thuc th Hin tng

Na
+
Th mu ngn la ngn la mu vng ti
NH
4

Dung dch kim + qu tm t c kh NH
3
lm xanh qu tm t
Ca
2+

Dung dch CO
2
3

v CO
2
kt ta CaCO
3
v tan khi c sc CO
2

Ba
2+

H
2
SO
4
long
CrO
2
4

hoc Cr
2
O
2
7

kt ta trng BaSO
4
khng tan trong axit d
kt ta BaCrO
4
mu vng ti
Fe
2+

Dung dch kim OH

(hoc NH
3
)
Dung dch KMnO
4
+ H
+
Kali ferixianua K
3
[Fe(CN)
6
]
kt ta trng hi xanh ha nu trong KK
mt mu tm ca KMnO
4
kt ta KFe[Fe(CN)
6
] mu xanh Tuabun
Fe
3+

Dung dch kim OH

Dung dch SCN

Kali feroxianua K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
]
kt ta nu Fe(OH)
3
ion phc [Fe(SCN)
6
]
3
mu mu
kt ta KFe[Fe(CN)
6
] mu xanh Beclin
Al
3+
Dung dch kim OH

kt ta Al(OH)
3
trng tan trong thuc th d
Cr
3+

Dung dch kim OH

Dung dch Br
2
+ OH

kt ta Cr(OH)
3
xanh tan trong thuc th d
to dung dch [Cr(OH)
4
]

mu xanh
mt mu Br
2
+ dung dch c mu vng
Cu
2+
Mu + Dung dch NH
3
(d)
mu xanh lam + kt ta xanh lam tan trong NH
3

thnh ion phc [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
mu xanh m
Ni
2+
Mu + Dung dch NH
3
(d)
mu xanh l cy + kt ta xanh lc tan trong NH
3

thnh ion phc [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
mu xanh
anion Dung dch thuc th Hin tng
NO
3

Cu v H
2
SO
4
long
dung dch xanh lam, kh khng mu, ha
nu trong khng kh
SO
2
4

Dung dch BaCl
2
+ mi trng H
+
kt ta trng khng tan trong axit d
CO
2
3

Dung dch H
+
v nc vi trong CO
2

lm c nc vi trong
Cl

Dung dch AgNO
3
+ mi trng H
+
kt ta trng AgCl tan trong dung dch
NH
3
to phc [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
.
Thuc th vi mt s cht kh
kh Dung dch thuc th Hin tng
SO
2
Dung dch nc brom d lm nht mu dung dch Br
2

CO
2

Dung dch nc vi trong kt ta trng (vn c nc vi trong)
NO Mu sc + khng kh khng mu, gp khng kh ha mu nu
NH
3
Th mi + giy qu tm t mi khai + lm xanh qu tm t
H
2
S Th mi + dung dch Cu
2+
; Pb
2+
mi thi + kt ta en CuS v PbS
Cl
2
Mu + giy tm KI + h tinh bt to I
2
lm xanh h tinh bt

V d: