:

Les lois de Newton

I
1
.
:




: )R (0, i , j,k
: t = 0


* G
.
:

:
.

) ( :

. .
:

) ( ..
.
:
. : .

.
.
.
2
2 1
* .


)(S OG :




) R (O, i, j, k :








OG(t) = x(t)i + y(t) j + z(t)k
G ) (C
2 2
:
) G(t1 t1 )G(t2 t2 )G(t3
t 3 = t1 + t t2 :


G i 1G i +1


= ) v(t i
t
ti ti+1 ti-1
.

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 :




G i 1G i +1
dOG
t 0


dt
t
) (C : t i








G i +1G i 1
OG dOG
vG = lim
= lim
=
t 0
t 0 t
t
dt
t = t i +1 t i 1
:

.

.
m/s
:
.





) ) R (O, i, j, k (
:

























dOG dx G
dy G
dz G
= ) OG = x G i + y G j + z G k v G ( t
=
i+
j+
k = v x i + v y j + v z k = x G i + y G j + z G k
dt
dt
dt
dt



















dOG dx G
dy G
= ) OG = x G i + y G j vG ( t
=
i+
j = v x i + v y j = x G i + y G j
dt
dt
dt

vG = v 2x + v 2y :
2 3 .





) v(t1 t1 ) v(t 3

t 3 = t1 + t ) a G (t 2

:






) v ( t 3 ) v ( t 2 ) v ( t 2


= ) a G (t 2
=
t3 t 2
t





)v(t
= )a(t
t :
t
ti
ti+1 ti-1 .


vG

t
t








v dv
) a G ( t a G (t) = lim G = G :
t 0 t
dt
. m/s2
: .





* ): R (O, i, j, k

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 :








dv



dv
dv y
dv z
d 2 x G
d 2 yG
d 2 z G

zG k
aG (t ) = G = x i +
j+
=k
i
+
j
+
k
=
x
i
+
y
j
+
G
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt 2
dt 2
dt 2
3 3 :



G ) (O , i , j R
:













+ yj,
a G =
OG = xi + yj, vG = xi
x i +
yj

vG = v 2x + v 2y , a G = a 2x + a 2y

G ) (O , i :










, a G =
OG = x i, vG = xi
xi
1

G ) R (O, i , j :

x(t) = 9t + 3 , y(t) = 6t 2 + 4t 3


1 vG


2 a G

) R (O, i , j . t=2s

) R (O, i , j .

3 4

G G

aG

G .

S ) R (O, i G








t OG = x i G . vG = vG .i

: t 0 = 0 x = x 0 vG = v0

dv
=a
v = at + C
dt
t = 0 v = v0 C = v0
)(1

v = at + v0

dx
1
' = at + v0 x = at 2 + v0 t + C
dt
2
t = 0 x = x0 C ' = x0
=v

)(2

1 2
at + v0 t + x 0
2

=x

) x(t
.
2
M
. t t=0
M ( x=0 ) O
1 ) v(t t :
] [ 0; 2s ] [ 2s;3s

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 :
2 .
3 M .
3 5 .
:
.



) (M, u, n


u


n


u .


a G
:






a G = a T .u + a N .n :

dvG


a T
dt
v2


a N

= aT

= a N . M

: a v :






)a.v = a.v.cos(a, v






a.v ) = (a, v



a.v < 0



a.v > 0



a.v = 0 .
*** 3



) (O, i , j :

y = 3sin 2t +
4

x = 3cos 2t +
4

x y t .


1 vG


2 a G


3 a G .

) (O, i , j .



) (O, i , j .

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 :
II

= 20 .
G = 40ms )( .

1 v2 v4 G G2 . G4








2 v 2 v 4 . G3 ) . ( v 4 v 2

3 a 3

. .

:
) (R
G 0 . G
. = 50ms )( .
0 = 7,5cm :
k = 8, 2N / m
m = 712, 4g

1 v5 v7 G G 5 . G 7








2 v5 v7 . G 6 ) . ( v 7 v5

5cm 1m / s :

3 . a 6 .




v
Fext = m G
t
:

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 :










1 ) v G = ( v 7 v5 vG OG 6


v6
t 6
t




v6 vG
2
1cm 1m / s
2
=
t
t


:
3 Fext

3
3
3
3
4

1 } + {
2


3 Fext








v6 vG
=

Fext
4 Fext
t
t


Fext

4 1 A 6 x 6




2cm 1N
Fext
4 2 Fext




vG
m

5 Fext
t

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 :
III
1 .
.
.
.
.




: Fext = 0
.
2







Fext = 0
vG G .

G
.
:
. m=20kg
1 .
2

3 )
(
:
1 :


P .


R .
2
) ( R
.
R R
R R . R .




3 VG 0



Fi 0 R .
3 ) (




v G
Fext
3 1
t

2




v
Fext = m G
t
:










1 ) v G = ( v 7 v5 vG OG 6


v6
t 6
t




v6 vG
1cm 1m / s 2
=
2
t
t


:
3 Fext

3 1 } + {
3 2


3 3 Fext

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 :

3 4

ext

ext

v6 vG
=

t
t

ext

4 1 A 6 x 6




2cm 1N
Fext
4 2 Fext




vG
m

5 Fext
t

3 2 .


v
t G
t








vG
Fext = m.a G
Fext = m
t

a G

:

: G




Fext = ma G

: .
4
: .


A B FA / B A B

FB / A

B . A




FA / B FB/ A :




FA / B = FB/ A
.
IV : .
1 ) (S M=200g


. F 0,5N .


F . .
) (S G
. aG .
:
. (S) :
.
(S) :


P )(S


F .


R ) . (S


R
.







P + F + R = m.a G



)R (O, i , j
Ox :

Page 8

(1) Px + R x + Fx = m.a1 F = m.a1

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 :
Oy Py + Fy + R y = 0 Oy

R P = 0 R = P = mg
) (S
.
) (1 a
F
a1 = a1x = = Cte :
m
) (S .
a1 = 2,5m / s 2 : a1

2 B A = 30cm


) (S = 45 F
. ) (S
. k=0,1
) (S
.
:
) (S .




)R (O, i , j
): (S


P )(S


F .


R ). (S

R
) . (S

RT
RN

= k = tan

R T R






f R N R

P + F + R = m.a G

)R (O, i , j

Ox :

(1) Px + R x + Fx = m.a 2x mg sin R T + F = m.a 2x

Oy Py + Fy + R y = 0

Oy R N mg cos = 0 R N = mg cos

RT
R T = k.R N = k.mg cos
RN

= k ) (1

mg sin kmg cos + F = m.a 2x a 2x = ( g sin + kg cos )

m

) a 2x = a1x ( g sin + kg cos

a2 a1 .
) (S .
a2 a 2x = 5,12m / s 2 : a 2 = 5,12m / s 2

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 :
d min :
B vB
). (S
:



.
:


EC = ECf ECi = W Fext

) (

if

E Cf E Ci .
* vB
A : B


1
1
1
mv 2B mv 2A = W F mv 2B = F. = m.a1x .
A B
2
2
2
v B = 2.a1x . = 1, 22m / s

)(

d :






1
1
mvf2 mv 2B = W P + W R + W F
B f
B f
B f
2
2
1
1
F

mv 2B = mgd min sin R T .d min + F.d mvB2 = m.d min g sin kg.cos +
2
2
m

)(

) (

) (

1
mv 2B = m.a 2x .d min
2
v 2B
= 0,15m
2a 2x

d min =

2
P = 600N
= 10
.


.

.
1
2


3
= 30
.

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 :
A B m A = 0, 2kg m B = 0,3kg
) (
g = 9,8m / s 2

:
1 A B
2 v = 5m / s

3 a = 2m / s 2
4 a = 2m / s 2
5 10N

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