In music, a primary triad is a one of the three triads, or three

note chords built from major or minor thirds, most important

in tonal and diatonic music, as opposed to an auxiliary triad or secondary triad.
Each triad found in a diatonic key corresponds to a particular diatonic
function. Functional harmony tends to rely heavily on the primary triads:
Triads built on the tonic, subdominant, and
dominant degrees.
[1]
The roots of these triads begin on the first, fourth, and fifth
degrees (respectively) of the diatonic scale, otherwise symbolized: I, IV, and V
(again, respectively). Primary triads, "express function clearly and
unambiguously."
[1]

The other triads of the diatonic key include the supertonic, mediant, sub-
mediant, and leading-tone, whose roots begin on the second, third, sixth, and
seventh degrees (respectively) of the diatonic scale, otherwise symbolized: ii, iii,
vi, and vii
o
(again, respectively). They function as auxiliary or supportive triads to
the primary triads.

Triads built on the first (tonic), fourth (subdominant) and fifth (dominant)
degrees of the scale are called the primary triads, as these are the most useful
and commonly used chords.
As you know, the chord built on the first degree of the scale is called the
tonic triad.
The chord built on the fifth degree of the scale is called the dominant triad,
and the chord built on the fourth degree of the scale is the subdominant triad.