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29 |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality .15
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_for_International_Student_Assessment.16
- --- - - -http://eshtrak.wordpress.com/2012/12/20/ .17
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http://www.rahekargar.net/programme/20100206-10-barname.pdf .23
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 | 38

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 | 39

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 | 186

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..
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 | 219
.3

.
.4
][ .

Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus-Value, Volume III, Moscow: Progress, 1971 [1862;3], p. 253


..
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Karl Marx, Grundrisse, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1973, p. 539..6

 | 220
Ibid., p. 534. .7
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Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin, Finance and American Empire, Socialist .10
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Nigel Grimwade, International Trade: New Patterns of Trade, Production, and .11
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.. .
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..
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www.bp.com .14
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.. .15
See Bromley, American Hegemony.
..
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.. .16

221 |
Barry Eichengreen, Globalizing Capital, Second Edition, Princeton: Princeton
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Bromley, American Hegemony; Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters. The .17
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..
Heather Gibson, The Eurocurrency Markets, Domestic Financial Policy and the
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Ngaire Woods, The Globalizers: The IMF, The World Bank, and Their .19
Borrowers, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006.
Panitch and Gindin, Finance and American Empire, pp. 54-55. .20
. .21

Briefing for Your Meeting with Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, John C. West, 10
March 1978
:
Clark, Petrodollar Warfare: Oil, Iraq and the Future of the Dollar, Gabriola
Island, British Columbia: New Society Publishers, 2005).
Spiro, The Hidden Hand, pp. 105-126. .22
Ibid., p. 109. .23
Ibid., pp. 122-123. .24
Congressional Budget Office (CBO),The Effect of OPEC Oil Pricing on .25
Output, Prices, and Exchange Rates in the United States and Other Industrialized
Countries, Washington, DC: CBO, 1981, p. 35.
International Energy Agency (IEA), World Energy Outlook 2007: China and .26
.India Insights, France: IEA, 2007, p. 54.981, p. 35
IEA, World Energy Outlook, p. 325. .27
Saudi Gazette, Aramco: China Overtakes US as Largest Customer, 6 April .28
2010.

 | 222
Nexant Chem Systems, Outlook for the Petrochemical Industry: Good Times .29
Ahead, Argentina: Instituto Petroquimico Argentino, 2004, p. 31.
Saudi Arabian Basic Industries Company (SABIC) .30
.

.
Isabel Ordonez, Exxon VP: Global Petrochemical Trade To Double In 10 .31
Years,Dow Jones Newswire, 29 April 2010.
McKinsey Global Institute, The New Power Brokers: How Oil, Asia, Hedge .32
Funds, and Private Equity Are Shaping Global Capital Markets, San Francisco:
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http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com
David Lubin, Petrodollars, Emerging Markets and Vulnerability, Economic .33
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International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, Washington, .34
DC: International Monetary Fund, 2007, p. 29.
Institute for International Finance (IIF), Summary Gulf Cooperation Council .35
Countries, 6 November 2008, p. 2.
McKinsey, The New Power Brokers, p. 7. .36

: 2008
( 870) ( 780)
( 140) ( 300)
Rami Tolui, Petrodollars, Asset Prices, and the Global Financial .37
System, Capital Perspectives, PIMCO, 2007, p. 7.
Martin Wolf, The Brave New World of State Capitalism, Financial Times, 16 .38
October 2007.
: .39
Karim Solh, The Emergence of Regional and Global Investment Leaders out of
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 | 223
February 3-4, p. 9
Brad Setser and Rachel Ziemba, GCC Sovereign Funds: Reversal of Fortune,
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.40 ..
Setser and Ziemba, GCC Sovereign Funds.
Michael Sturm, Jan Strasky, Petra Adolf, and Dominik Peschel, The Gulf .41
Cooperation Council Countries, Economic Structures, Recent Developments and
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Ibid., p. 43. .42
-43
.


...
Bertell Ollman, Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marxs Method, Illinois:
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.44
..
Adam Hanieh, Capitalism and Class in the Gulf Arab States, New York:PalgraveMacMillan Publishers, 2011
.45 .
.46 - 1980
)(
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Joe Stork and Martha Wenger, US Ready to Intervene in Gulf War, MERIP
)Reports, 14(6-7), 1984, p. 45

 | 224
2005 100000
) 130000
( ...
Kenneth Katzman, The Persian Gulf States: Issues for U.S. Policy, Washington,
DC: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 2006, p. 10.
.47 ) (
) 2010
60
.

.
.48.Hanieh, Capitalism and Class, 2011 .
.49 46
2008
) 31 ( ) 25( ) 4(
) 3,5( ...
World Bank, From Privilege to Competition Unlocking Private-Led Growth in the
Middle East and North Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009, p. 56.
Dunia Frontier Capital (DFC), Private Foreign Investment in Iraq, 2009, p. 4, .50
available at: http://www.dfcinternational.com.
National Investment Commission (NIC), Investment Overview of Iraq, .51
Republic of Iraq, 2009, p. 82.
.52 .
.53 ..
Adam Hanieh, The Internationalization of Gulf Capital and Palestinian Class
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McKinsey, The New Powerbrokers, p. 6. .54
.55
http://www.migrantrights :
Over 800 workers died abroad, 160 suicides, The Himalayan Times, 13 .56
January 2011.

225 |
.57
:
US Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, available at:
http://eia.doe.gov.
European Commission (EC), Green Paper Towards a European Strategy for .58
the Security of Energy Supply, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the
European Communities, 2000, p. 18.
Ibid., p. 20. .59
IEA, World Energy Outlook, p. 495-6. .60
Institute for International Finance, GCC Regional Overview, 28 September .61
.2009, p. 9
McKinsey, The New Powerbrokers, p. 46. .62
63 Nasser Saidi, Our Future Lies to the East, Arabian Business, 15 February .63
2010, p. 34.
Abu Dhabi ADIA Sees Substantial Risk to Global Economy, Khaleej Times, .64
11 January 2010.
Bernard Gelb, Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects, Washington, .65
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:
Hanieh, Adam (2012) Finance, oil and the Arab uprisings: the global crisis and the
Gulf states. Socialist Register, 48.

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:
Text from Antonio Gramsci Selections from political writings (1921-1926),
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 | 228

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Scientific realism and human emancipation, 1986
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Jean-Luc Godard .10 ) (1937
(1889-1951) Ludwig Wittgenstein .11
a cry and a demand .12
Henri Lefebvre, La Proclamation de Ia Commune, Paris: Gallimard, 1965; Le .13
Droit a Ia Ville, Paris: Anthropos, 1968; L rruption, de Nanterre au Sommet, Paris:

 | 241
Anthropos, 1 968; La Revolution Urbaine, Paris: Gallimard, 1970; Espace et Politi
que (Le Droit a Ia Ville, II), Paris: Anthropos, 1973; La Production de lEspace,
Paris: Anthropos, 1974.
(1889-1976) Martin Heidegger .14
(1844-1900) Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche .15
(1772-1837) Franois Marie Charles Fourier .16
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James Holston, Insurgent Citizenship, Princeton: Princeton University Press, .25
.2008
Sugranyes and Charlotte Mathivet, eds., Cities for All: Proposals and .26
Experiences Towards the Right to the City, Santiago, Chile: Habitat International
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York: Routledge, 2011.

 | 242
Manuel Castells .27
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Henri Lefebvre, La Proclamation de Ia Commune, Paris: Gallimard, 1965; Le .29
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Anthropos, 1968; La Revolution Urbaine, Paris: Gallimard, 1970; Espace et
Politique (Le Droit a Ia Ville, II), Paris: Anthropos, 1973; La Production de lEspace,
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