1- Bai tap DSTT

! 1m tut cu cuc mu trun cup 2 nhun guo houn vo mu

trun
A =

,
_

1 0
1 2

"! Cho mu tru n A =
2 1 2
3 2 6
1 7 1

_
,

. 1m mu tru n nghch
du o A
-l
vu up dong kot qou do gu cuc ho phoong
trnh suo:
#
x y z
x y z
x y z m
+2 +2
+3 +6
+7

'

1
2 1 "#
2 1
1
2
x y z
x y z
x y z m
+3
+2 +
+6 +7

'

$#
8 +5 2
16 +6
5 +3

'

x y z
x y z
x y z m
1
27 1
$! 1m mu trun X trong cuc troong hop suo:
#
1 2
3 4
3 0
7 2

_
,

_
,

. X , "# X.
3 2
2 1
1 2
1 1

_
,

_
,

,
2- Bai tap DSTT

$#
2 1
4 5
3 2
5 3
1 2
3 4

_
,

_
,

_
,

. . X
%#
2 1
1 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

_
,

_
,

_
,

. . X X
&#
1 2 2
2 5 4
2 4 5

_
,

X -
3 5
7 6
2 1

_
,

=3
1 5
2 2
1 2

_
,

'# X
1 1 1
2 1 0
1 1 1
1 1 3
4 3 2
1 2 5

_
,

_
,

(# X
1 4 4
1 3 7
4 14 23
2 7 13
3
5
15
7

_
,

=
1 2 3
4 1 1
2
3

_
,

%! )*+, !( . 1nh cuc dnh thoc suo:
#
7 6 5
1 2
3 2
1
2
, "#
2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 1
, $#
1 2 3 4
2 3 4 1
3 4 1 4
4 1 2 3
,
3- Bai tap DSTT

%#
0
0
0
0
x y z
x z y
y z x
z y x
, &#
x c x x
x x b x
x x x a
+
+
+
,
'#
a x x x x
x a x x x
x x a x x
x x x a x
x x x x a
.......
.......
........
................................
........
........
,
(#
1 2 3 1
1 0 3 1
1 2 0 1
1 2 3 0
1 2 3 1 0
.......
.......
........
......................................
............
........
n n
n n
n n
n
n

/#
n n n n n
n n n n n
n n
n n
n n
.......
1 ....... 1 1 1
... ....... ....... ..... ..... ....
1 ....... 3 3 3
1 ....... 3 2 2
1 ....... 3 2 1

,
4- Bai tap DSTT

"#
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 2 2 2
1 2 3 3 3
1 2 3 1 1
1 2 3 1
.......
.......
.......
... ... ... ....... .... ....
.......
.......
n n
n n

&! Cu cuc ho phoong trnh suo duy:
#
x y z
x y z
x y z
+2 +3 1
+ +
+4 +9

'

1
9
, "#
x y z
x y z
x y z
+2
+ +2
3 +4

'

1
2 1
1

$#
+3 3
5
+2 +3

'

x y z
x y z
x y z
11
4 5
3 15
,
%#
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 2 1
2
7 5 0
+ +
+ +
+

'

&#
x y z
x y z
x y z
+2 +3
+3 +4
+4 +4

'

14
2 20
3 23
, '#

'

+ + +

+ + +
0 8 7 2 3
0 3 7 4
0 5 3
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x

'! Cu vu bon oun cuc ho phoong trnh suo :
5- Bai tap DSTT

#
x y z
x y mz
x my z
+ 3
+ +
+ +3

'

1
2 3
2
"#
2 1
2
x y z
x y z m
x y m
+3
+ +
3

'

$#
mx y z
x my z m
x y mz m
+ +
+ +
+ +

'

1
2

%#
x y m z m
m x y z
x my z m
+ + +
+ +2
+3 +

'

( )
( )
1 2
1 0
2 2

&#
x x x x
x x x x m
x x x x m
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1
4
2 + +2
+ +
+7 5

'

'#
x x x x
x x x x
x x x mx
x x x x
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1
2 1
3
2
+3 +2 +4
+5 +2 +9
+5 +6 +
+3 +4 +3

'

(#
3 1
2 1
2
5 1
x y z t
x y z t
x y z t
x y z m
+2 +
+3 + +
+2 +3
+5 +2 +

'

/#

'

2
4
2
2
4 3 2
3 2
z . y . x
z . y . x
z . y . x

6- Bai tap DSTT

0#
x x x x b
x x x x b
x x x x b
1 2 3 4 1
1 2 3 4 2
1 2 3 4 3
2 2
7 5
+ +
+ +
+

'

1#
2 1
2 4 2
7 4 11
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x m
+ +
+ +
+ +

'

#
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x m
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
2
2
6
5
+2
3 +7 1
+ +3
+ +2

'

"#
x x x mx m
x x x mx m
x x x mx m
x x x mx m
x x x mx m m
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
2
2
1
2 2 3
3 3 1
2
+2 +3 + +
+ + + +
+3 +4 +2 +
+4 +2 +3 +
+ +2 +2 + +

'

(! Cho ho phoong trnh
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1
1
1
1
+ 2 +3
2 +
+7 8 +11
5 +4 5

'

.
1m nghom cou ho phoong trnh thou doo kon :
x x x x
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
2 3 4 + + + dut gu tr nho nhut.
7- Bai tap DSTT

/! 1m doo kon cou thum so m do cuc ho phoong trnh
suo duy co nghom:
#
mx y z m
x m y m z m
x y mz
+ +
+ + + +
+ +

'

2 1 1 1
1
( ) ( ) ,
"#
( ) 2 1
1
+ + +
+ +
+ +

'

m x my mz
x my z m
x y mz

0! 1m cuc du thoc buc bu tx) bot :
# tl) = 2 , t-l) = -4, t2) = 8 , t-2) = -28 .
"# Do th hum so y = tx) d qou cuc dom :
tl,4) , t3,32) , t-3,-4) , t2,ll) .
1! Cho ho phoong trnh
ax y z
ax y z
x y z b
3 + 2
+ +2
+2 +

'

3
3
,
vo u,b u cuc thum so.
l) Xuc dnh cuc thum so u, b do ho tron u ho Crumor, kh
do huy tm nghom cou ho thoo u,b.
2) 1m u,b do ho tron vo nghom.
8- Bai tap DSTT

3) 1m u,b do ho tron co vo so nghom, vu tm nghom tong
qout cou ho .
! 1m ho nghom co bun cou cuc ho phoong
trnh suo duy:
u)
x y z
x y z
x y z
+
+

'

3 0
4 2 3 0
5 2 0
b)
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
3 4 0
2 2 2 0
3 2 2 0
4 6 3 0
+
+ +
+ +
+ +

'

"! 1rong tup 2
"
= { tx,y) : x k, y k } , xot pho p
cong vu phop nhun nho suo : o = tx
l
, y
l
) k
2
, v =
tx
2
, y
2
) k
2
.
- lhop cong + : o + v = tx
l
+ x
2
, y
l
+ y
2
)
- lhop nhun . : o = tx
l
, y
l
), k
1up k
2
vo phop cong vu phop nhun nho tron co u khong gun
vocto tron k khong: 1u suo:
$! 1rong tup 2
"
= { tx,y) : x k, y k } , xo t
phop cong vu phop nhun nho suo : o = tx
l
, y
l
) k
2
, v
= tx
2
, y
2
) k
2
.
- lhop cong + : o + v = tx
l
x
2
, y
l
y
2
)
- lhop nhun . : o = tx
l
, y
l
), k
9- Bai tap DSTT

1up k
2
vo phop cong vu phop nhun nho tron co u khong gun
vocto tron k khong: 1u suo:
%! 1rong tup 3= { tx,y,z) : x k, y k, z k vu x +
y + z = 0} , xot phop cong vu phop nhun nho suo : o =
tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) V, v = ty
l
, y
2
, y
3
) V .
- lhop cong + : o + v = tx
l
+ y
l
, x
2
+ y
2
, x
3
+y
3
)
- lhop nhun . : o = tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
), k.
u) 1up 3 vo phop cong vu phop nhun nho tron co u khong gun
vocto tron 2 khong: 1u suo:
b) 1up 3 co u khong gun con cou 2
$
khong : 1u suo:
&! Cho V u tup tut cu cuc duy so thoc ho to. 1rong V
xot phop cong vu phop nhun nho suo:
- lhop cong + : lhop cong hu duy so.
- lhop nhun . : lhop nhun mot so thoc vo mot duy so.
1up 3 vo phop cong vu phop nhun nho tron co u khong gun
vocto tron 2 khong: 1u suo:
'! 1rong cuc troong hop suo duy, xot xom 4 co u
khong gun con cou 2
5
khong. tn 3, vu k
n
u kgvt tron k).
l) 4 = { tx
l
, x
2
, ......, x
n
) k
n
: x
l
0 }
2) 4 = { tx
l
, x
2
, ......, x
n
) k
n
: x
l
+ 2x
2
= x
3
}
10- Bai tap DSTT

3) 4 = { tx
l
, x
2
, ......, x
n
) k
n
: x
l
+ x
2
+ ...... + x
n
= 0}
4) 4 = { tx
l
, x
2
, ......, x
n
) k
n
: x
l
+ x
2
+ ..... + x
n
= l}
5) 4 = { tx
l
, x
2
, ......, x
n
) k
n
: x
l
= x
2
= 0}.
(! Cho V u khong gun cuc mu trun voong cup n
tron k. 1up con nuo suo duy u khong gun con co u V:
u) 1up tut cu cuc mu trun tum guc tron.
b) 1up tut cu cuc mu trun doong choo.
c) 1up tut cu cuc mu trun khu nghch.
d) 1up tut cu cuc mu trun co dnh thoc bung l.
o) 1up tut cu cuc mu trun do xong t toc u A
1
= A).
/! 1rong cuc troong hop suo duy, huy xuc dnh thum
so m do vocto x u to hop toyon tnh cou cuc vocto o, v,
v .
l) 1rong k
3
: o = t3,4,2), v=t6,8, 7) , v = t 5, 6, m) , x = tl,3, 5)
2) 1rong k
3
: o = t4,4,3) , v = t7,2,l), v= t 4, l, 6) , x = t 5, 9,m)
3) 1rong k
3
: o = tl, -3, 2) , v = t2, -l, l) , v = t 3, -4, 3) ,
x = tl, m, 5).
4) 1rong k
4
: o = tl, 2, -3, 2) , v = t4, l, 3, -2) , v = tl6, 9, l,-3),
x =tm, 4, -7, 7).
5) 1rong l
2
|t| : ott) = 2 + 2t + 4t
2
, vtt) = l - t - 3t
2
, vtt) = 3 + 3t +
6t
2
, xtt) = m + 9t +5t
2
.
11- Bai tap DSTT

0! Co 4 u khong gun con cou 2
%
snh ru bo cuc
vocto : o
l
= t2, -l,3,2) , o
2
= t-l,l,l,-3), o
3
= tl, l, 9,
-5) . Ho vocto o = t3, -l, 0, -l) co thooc khong gun con
4 khong: 1u suo:
"1! Cho x, y, z u bu vocto doc up toyon tnh trong
khong gun vocto V. Xot tnh doc up toyon tnh , pho
thooc toyon tnh cou cuc tup vocto suo:
l) S = { o = x + y -2 z , v = x - y -z , v = x + z }
2) S = { o = x + y , v = y + z, v =z + x}
3) S = { o = x, v = x+ y, v = x + y + mz } , bon oun thoo m.
4) S = { o = x + y - 3z, v = x+ 3y - z, v = y + mz } , bon oun
thoo m.
"! Xot tnh doc up toyon tnh , pho thooc toyon tnh
cou cuc tup vocto suo:
l) M = { tl, 2, 3) , t 3, 6, 7)} trong k
3
.
2) M = { t4, -2, 6), t 6, -3, 9)} trong k
3
.
3) M = {t 2, -3, m), t 3,-2, 5), t l, -4, 3) } trong k
3
.
4) M = { t4, -5, 2, 6), t2, -2, l, 3), t 6, -3, 3, 9) , t 4, -l, 5, 6)}
trong k
4
.
5) M = { t l, 0, l, l) , t0, l, l, l) , tl, l, 0, l), t l, l, l, m)} trong
k
4
.
12- Bai tap DSTT

6) M = { x
2
+ x + l, 2x
2
+ x + 2, 3x
2
+ mx + 3} trong l
2
|x|.
7) M = { A =
1 1
2 3

_
,

, =
2 3
1 1

_
,

, C =
1 0
1 1

_
,

, D
4
2 5
m

_
,

}
trong M R
2 2
( ) .
""! 1m hung cou cuc ho vo cto suo:
l) o
l
= tl, 2, -l), o
2
= t 0, l, l) , o
3
=t 2, 3, -3).
2) o
l
= tl, 2, -l ), o
2
=t l, l, -2), o
3
=t 0, 3, 3), o
4
=t 2, 3, -3).
3) o
l
= tl, -l, 0, 0 ), o
2
=t 0, l, -l, 0), o
3
=t 0, 0, l, -l), o
4
=t -l, 0,
0, l).
1rong khong gun 2
%
cho cuc tup :
4
l
= { tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
) k
4
: x
l
+ x
2
= 2x
3
, x
l
- x
2
= 2x
4
}
4
2
= { tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
, x
4
) k
4
: x
l
= x
2
= x
3
}
l) Chong mnh rung 4
l
, 4
2
u cuc khong gun con cou 2
%
.
2) 1m mot co so cou 4
l
, mot co so cou 4
2
.
3) 1m co so cou 4
l
4
2
.
"$! 1rong khong gun k
4
, cho cuc vocto:
o
l
= tl, -l, -4,0), o
2
=t l, l, 2, 4),
o
3
=t 2, l, l, 6), o
4
=t 2, -l, -5, 2).
Dut 4 = < o
l
, o
2
, o
3
, o
4
>.
13- Bai tap DSTT

l) 1m hung cou ho vocto { o
l
, o
2
, o
3
, o
4
}
2) { o
l
, o
2
, o
3
, o
4
} doc up toyon tnh huy pho thooc toyon
tnh:
3) 1m mot co so vu so choo cou 4.
4) Vocto o = t6, 2, 0, l6) co thooc 4 khong: Noo o thooc 4 th
tm tou do vocto o do vo co so vou tm dooc o cuo t3).
5) Huy bo song vuo co so o cuo t3) do dooc mot co so mot co so
cou k
4
.
"%! 1rong k
3
, cuc phut boo suo duy, phut boo nuo
dong:
l) M u tup doc up toyon tnh, M co bu vocto th M u co so cou
k
3
.
2) M u tup snh cou k
3
, M co bu vocto th M u co so cou k
3
.
3) M u tup snh cou k
3
th M co t nhut bu phun to.
4) M u tup doc up toyon tnh th M khong tho co qou bu phun to.
5) M u tup pho thooc toyon tnh th M co t nhut bu phun to.
6) M co t hon bu phun to th M doc up toyon tnh.
7) M co bon phun to th M u tup snh cou k
3
.
"&! 1rong cuc tup vocto suo , xot xom tup nuo u co so
cou k
3
.
14- Bai tap DSTT

l) M = { o
l
=tl, 2, l)

, o
2
= tl, 7, 5)}
2) M = { o
l
=tl, 2, 3), o
2
= t l, l, l) , o
3
=t 3,4,2) , o
4
= t 7, 2,l)}
3) M = { o
l
=tl, 2, 3), o
2
=t2, 3, 4) , o
3
=t 3, 4, 5) }
4) M = { o
l
= tl, l, 2) , o
2
=t l,2,l), o
3
=t3 , 2, 2) }
&# 6 = { o
l
= tl, l, 2), o
2
= t-l, 0, l), o
3
=tl, 2, m)}
"'! 1rong mo troong hop suo duy, huy xuc dnh thum
so m do :
l) M = { t 0, l, l), t l, 2, l), tl, 3, m)} snh ru k
3
.
2) M = { t l, 2, -l), t 0, 3, l), tl, 5, 0), t 3, 9, m)} khong snh ru
k
3
.
3) M = { t m, 3, l), t0, m-l, 2), t 0, 0, m+l)} u co so cou k
3
.
"(! Cho = { o
l
, o
2
, o
3
} u mot co so cou khong
gun vocto V tron k vu dut L = { v
l
= mo
l
+ o
2
+3o
3
, v
2
=
mo
l
-2o
2
+ o
3
, v
3
= o
l
- o
2
+ o
3
}
l) Xuc dnh m do L u co so cou V.
2) 1m mu trun choyon co so to sung L.
"/! Chong mnh rung trong khong gun l
2
|x| cuc du
thoc thoc buc 2, tup hop = {l + x + x
2
, l + 2x, l +
3x + 2x
2
} u mot co so cou l
2
|x|, vu tm tou do cou vocto
o = 3x
2
- x + 7 do vo co so .
15- Bai tap DSTT

"0! 1rong k
4
cho tup = {tl,2, -l, -2), t2,3, 0, -l), tl,
2, l, 4),tl,3, -l, 0)}.
Chong mnh rung u co so cou k
4
vu tm tou do cou vocto
x = t7,l4, -l,2) do vo co so nuy.
$1! 1rong k
3
cho hu ho vocto
= { o
l
=tl,2,3), o
2
=tl,l,2), o
3
=tl,l,l)}
L = { v
l
= t2,l,-l) , v
2
= t3,2,-5), v
3
=tl, -l, m) }.
l) Chong mnh u co so cou k
3
. Xuc dnh m do L u co so cou
k
3
.
2) 1m mu trun choyon co so to sung L .
3) Cho
E
x] [ =
2
2
1

_
,

,
E
[y]
=
2
4
1

_
,

, tm vocto x,
E
2y] + [3x
, [ ] x

4) Cho [ ] v

=
3
1
2

_
,

, tm v,
E
v] [ .
$! 1rong khong gun k
3
, cho ={v
l
=tl,0,l), v
2

=tl,2,2), v
3
=t0, -l, -l) }.
L ={ o
l
=tl,0,-l), o
2
=tl,l,l), o
3
=t-l,2,2)}
16- Bai tap DSTT

u) Chong mnh , L u cuc co so cou k
3
.
b) 1m mu trun choyon co so to sung L . Cho o =tl, 2, 3) , tm
[ ] u

,
E
u] [ .
c) 1m mu trun choyon co so to L sung . Cho [ ] v

=
3
1
2

_
,

, tm
v,
E
v] [ .
$"! 1rong khong gun k
2
|x| = l
2
|x| cuc du thoc tho c
buc 2, cho u co so chnh tuc cou l
2
|x| vu L ={v
l
= l
+ 3x, v
2
= x + 2x
2
, v
3
= l + x + x
2
}.
u) Chong mnh L u co so l
2
|x|.
b) 1m mu trun choyon co so to sung L .
c) Cho
E
v] [ =
1
3
2

_
,

, tm v, [ ] v

.
$$! Cho = {o
l
, o
2
, o
3
} u mot co so cou k
3
vu cuc
vocto v
l
, v
2
, v
3
co tou do do vo co so un oot u :
[ ] v
1
=

,
_

1
1
1
, [ ] v
2
=

,
_

3
2
1
, [ ] v
3
=

,
_

1
2
2

17- Bai tap DSTT

u) Chong mnh L = { v
l
, v
2
, v
3
} u co so cou k
3
. 1m v
l
, v
2
, v
3

thoo o
l
, o
2
, o
3
.
b) 1m mu run choyon co so to L sung .
$%! Cho hu khong gun con :
\
l
= {tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) k
3
/ x
l
+ x
2
+ x
3
= 0 }
\
2
= {tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) k
3
/ 2x
l
- x
2
-3 x
3
= 0 }
u) 1m co so vu so choo cou \
l
, \
2
.
b) 1m co so vu so cho o cou \
l
\
2
.Vocto o = t -4, l, -3) co
thooc khong gun nuy khong:
$&! 1rong mo troong hop suo , huy tm mot co so vu so
choo cou khong gun nghom cou ho phoong trnh:
*#

'

+
+
0 2 5
0 3 2 4
0 3
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
x x x
x x x
x x x
7#

'

+ +
+ +
+ +
0 6 5 4
0 4 3 2
0 3 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
x x x
x x x
x x x

8#

'

+ +
+ +
+ +
+
0 3 6 4
0 2 2 3
0 2 2 2
0 4 3
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x

18- Bai tap DSTT

9# ! = 0 vo =

,
_

9 7 1 3
6 1 5 2
6 1 3 2
3 4 2 1


$'! Cho khong gun k
3
vo tch vo hoong Locdo. Huy
xuc dnh m do cuc vocto o, v troc guo.
u) o = t2, m,3) , v = tl, 3, -4).
b) o = tm m,l) , v = t m, 5, 6) .
$(! 1rong khong gun Locdo k
n
vo tch vo hoong
Locdo, huy vot but dung thoc Cuochy - Schvurz vu but
dung thoc tum guc.
$/! 1rong mo troong hop suo duy, huy chong mnh 3
u khong gun Locdo vo tch vo hoong toong ong du ch
ru.
u) V = k
n
, x = tx
l
, x
2
,., x
n
) k
n
, y = ty
l
, y
2
,., y
n
) k
n

<x,y>
N

l
x
l
y
l
+
2
x
2
y
2
+ ...+
n
x
n
y
n

trong do
l
,
2
, ..,
n
u cuc so thoc doong.
b) V = C|u,b|, tx) , gtx) C|u,b|, <,g>
N

b
a
dx x g x f ) ( ) ( . Huy
vot but dung thoc Cuochy - Schvurz cho tch vo hoong nuy.
19- Bai tap DSTT

c) V = l
2
|x| , tx) = u
o
+ u
l
x + u
2
x
2
, gtx) = b
o
+ b
l
x + b
2
x
2

l
2
|x|
< , g>
N
u
o
b
o
+ u
l
b
l
+ u
2
b
2

d) V = l
2
|x| , tx) = u
o
+ u
l
x + u
2
x
2
, gtx) = b
o
+ b
l
x + b
2
x
2

l
2
|x|
< , g>
N

1
0
) ( ) ( dx x g x f
$0! 1rong khong gun k
4
vo tch vo hoong Locdo, cho
tup hop = {o
l
= tl, l, l, 2), o
2
= tl, 2, 3, -
3)}. Chong mnh o
l
, o
2
troc guo vu bo song vuo hu
vocto nou do dooc mot co so troc guo cou k
4
.
%1! 1rong khong gun l
2
|x| t k
2
|x|) xot tch vo hoong
< , g > =

1
1
dx ) x ( g ). x ( f , vo tx), gtx) l
2
[x].
Huy tnh tch vo hoong cou vu g trong cuc troong hop suo:
u) tx) = l- x +2x
2
, gtx) = x - 3x
2
.
b) ltx) = x + 5x
2
, gtx) = l + 6x
2
.
%! 1rong khong gun k
3
xot tch vo hoong Locdo.
Huy up dong qou trnh troc guo Crum-schmdt do bon co
so { }
3 2 1
u , u , u thunh co so thoc choun.
20- Bai tap DSTT

u) o
l
= tl,l,l), o
2
= tl,-l,0) , o
3
= t l,2,l).
b) o
l
= tl,0,0), o
2
= t3,l,-2) , o
3
= t0,l,l).
%"! 1rong khong gun l
2
|x| t k
2
|x|) xot tch vo hoong
< , g > =

1
1
dx ) x ( g ). x ( f , vo tx), gtx) l
2
[x].
Huy up dong qou trnh troc guo Crum-schmdt do bon co so
chnh tuc = {l, x, x
2
} thunh co so troc guo.
%$! 1rong khong gun Locdo k
3
cho tl) u mut phung
co cup vocto ch phoong u

a

= tl,2,0),

b = t-l,3,9) vu
vocto oc

F = t2,4,7). 1m vocto

u song song vo mut

phung tl) vu vocto

v voong goc vo tl) suo cho

F =

u +

v .
%%! 1rong k
4
cho hu khong gun con :
\ = < o
l
= tl,l,-l,0), o
2
= t2, 2,l,3) >
| = < v
l
= tl,0,l,-l) , v
2
= t2,-l,l,-l) >
Chong mnh \ |. 1m vocto y \ vu vocto z | suo cho x
= y + z, vo x = t3, l, -l, l).
%&! 1rong khong gun k
3
cho cuc vocto : o
l
= t l, 2, l),
o
2
= tl, 0, 2) , o
3
= t3, 2, 5) , v = t l2, 4, l) , dut
\ = < o
l
, o
2
, o
3
: .
21- Bai tap DSTT

*# Xot tnh doc up toyon tnh, pho thooc toyon tnh cou ho vocto
{o
l
, o
2
, o
3
}!
7# 1m mot co so vu so choo cou khong gun con 4.

%'! 1m tr rong vu cuc vocto rong cou cuc mu
trun suo duy:
u) A =
3 0
8 1

_
,

b) A =

,
_

2 1
1 2
c) A =
0 1 0
4 0
1 2
4
2

_
,

d) A =

,
_

0 1 1
1 1 0
1 0 1

%(! Choo hou cuc mu trun
u) A =
5 2
6 4
4 5
3
4
4

_
,

b) A =
2 0
1 0 0
0 0 3
1

_
,

c) A =
1 0
2
0 0 2
1
1 1

_
,

d) A =
2 0 0
0 1 0
2 1 1

_
,

22- Bai tap DSTT

o) A =
1
0 2
0 1
2 1
1
2

_
,

)A=
1 0 4
0 0 2
2 1 4

_
,

%/! Choo hou troc guo cuc mu trun suo:
u) A =
3 1
1 3

_
,

b)A =
2
2
2
1 1
1 1
1 1

_
,

c) A =
3 1
5
1 3
1
1 1
1

_
,

d) A =
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 1

_
,

o) A =
3
3
3

_
,

2 2
2 2
2 2
.
%0! 1nh A
n
,
1 3
3 1
A
1

1
]

23- Bai tap DSTT

&1! Vo mo dung toun phoong huy um cuc voc
suo: Dou dung toun phoong vo dung chnh tuc bung
phop bon do troc guo, tm hung vu xot duo dung
toun phoong .
l) tx
l
, x
2
) = 5 8 4
1
2
2
2
1 2
x x x x +
2) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = x x x x x x x x x
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 2 1 3 2 3
2 2 2 + + + +
3) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 2 1 3 2 3
x x x x x x x x x + + + + +
4) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) =
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
4 4 4 4 4 4 x x x x x x x x x + + + + +
5) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 3 2 4 4
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 2 2 3
x x x x x x x + + + +
6) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 2 3 2 2
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 3 2 3
x x x x x x x + +
7) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 + + x x x x x x x x x
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 2 1 3 2 3
5 5 4 4 8
8) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 5 5 4 4 8
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 2 1 3 2 3
x x x x x x x x x + + +
9) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) =
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
4 4 2 5 2 2 x x x x x x x x x + + + + +
l0) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 2 2
1 2 1 3 2 3
x x x x x x + +
&! Vo mo dung toun phoong huy um cuc voc
suo: Dou dung toun phoong vo dung chnh tuc bung
24- Bai tap DSTT

phoong phup ugrungo, tm hung vu xot duo dung
toun phoong .
l) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 2 2
1 2 1 3 2 3
x x x x x x + +
2) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = x x x x x x x x x
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 2 1 3 2 3
2 2 2 + + + +
3) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) =
3 1 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
4 2 4 5 x x x x x x x + +
4) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) =
3 2 3 1 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
4 4 2 5 2 2 x x x x x x x x x + + + + +
5) tx
l
, x
2
, x
3
) = 2 2 3 2 2
1
2
2
2
3
2
1 3 2 3
x x x x x x x + +