Sybex CCNA 640-802

Chapter 2: Ethernet Networking and Data

Encapsulation
Instructor & Todd Lammle
Chapter 2 Objectives
The CCNA Topics Covered in this chapter
include:
Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated
protocols to explain how data flows in a network
Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and
connectors to connect switches to other network
devices and hosts
Explain the technology and media access control
method for Ethernet networks
Explain network segmentation and basic traffic
management concepts
Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and
connectors to connect routers to other network
devices and hosts
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Ethernet Networking
Ethernet is a contention media access method that
allows all hosts on a network to share the same
bandwidth of a link.
Ethernet is popular because its readily scalable,
meaning that its comparatively easy to integrate
new technologies, such as Fast Ethernet and
Gigabit Ethernet, into an existing network
infrastructure.
Its also relatively simple to implement in the first
place, and with it, troubleshooting is reasonably
straightforward.
3
Ethernet Collision Detection
4
CSMA/CD
Half and Full Duplex
5
Half-duplex Ethernet is defined in the original 802.3
Ethernet; Cisco says it uses only one wire pair with a
digital signal running in both directions on the wire.
But full-duplex Ethernet uses two pairs of wires instead of
one wire pair like half duplex. And full duplex uses a
point-to-point connection between the transmitter of the
transmitting device and the receiver of the receiving
device.
Full-duplex Ethernet can be used in three situations:
With a connection from a switch to a host
With a connection from a switch to a switch
With a connection from a host to a host using a
crossover cable
Ethernet Addressing
6
The MAC, or hardware, address is a 48-bit (6-byte) address
written in a hexadecimal format.
Binary Addressing
7
Binary to Decimal Memorization Chart
10000000 128
11000000 192
11100000 224
11110000 240
11111000 248
11111100 252
11111110 254
11111111 255
BINARY 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 DECIMAL
10000100 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
0
132
11010010 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
0
210
10111000 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
0
184
10100110 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
0
166
Conversion Example
Ethernet at the Physical Layer
8
The IEEE 802.3 and original Ethernet Physical layer
specifications.
Ethernet Cabling
9
Ethernet cabling is an important discussion, especially if you
are planning on taking the Cisco exams.

Three types of Ethernet cables are available:

Straight-through cable
Crossover cable
Rolled cable

We will look at each in the following sections.
Straight Through
10
The straight-through cable is used to connect
Host to switch or hub
Router to switch or hub
Crossover Cable
11
The crossover cable can be used to connect
Switch to switch
Hub to hub
Host to host
Hub to switch
Router direct to host
Rolled Cable
12
Although rolled cable isnt used to connect any Ethernet
connections together, you can use a rolled Ethernet cable to
connect a host to a router console serial communication (com)
port.
Using Hyper Terminal
13
Notice the settings for Hyper Terminal
What type of cable is used?
14
What type of cable is used for
each connection?
15
Data Encapsulation
When a host transmits data across a
network to another device, the data
goes through encapsulation:
It is wrapped with protocol
information at each layer of the OSI
model.
Each layer communicates only with
its peer layer on the receiving
device.
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Data Encapsulation
17
PDU
18
Port Numbers
19
The Transport layer uses port numbers to define both the virtual
circuit and the upper-layer process.
Ciscos Three-Layer Model
20
The following are the three layers and their typical functions:
The core layer: backbone
The distribution layer: routing
The access layer: switching
Written Labs and Review
Questions
Open your books and go through all the
written labs and the review questions.
Review the answers in class.
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