121

TP CH KHOA HC, i hc Hu, tp 72B, s 3, nm 2012

NGHIN CU KH NNG CNH TRANH CA C PH TNH K LK
TRONG TH TRNG HI NHP
Nguyn Vn Ho
1
, Mai Vn Xun
2
1
Trng i hc Ty Nguyn
2
Trng i hc Kinh t, i hc Hu

Tm tt. Trong bi bo ny, ch s DRC/SER c dng nh gi kh nng
cnh tranh ca c ph tnh k Lk trong bi cnh hi nhp th trng th gii.
Ch s DRC/SER ca sn xut c ph tnh k Lk nin v 2010/2011 l 0,7972
<1, cho thy sn xut v xut khu mt hng ny li th so snh. Phn tch
nhy ch s DRC/SER c ph k Lk cho thy: Li th so snh ca sn phm c
ph rt nhy cm vi nhng bin ng v gi c ph xut khu. Khi gi c ph xut
khu ch cn gim xung 10% so vi kch bn c s, ngnh hng c ph gn nh
mt kh nng cnh tranh (DRC/SER =0,9966). Trong khi , n li c kh nng
chu c vi s bin ng ca cc yu t gi u vo (k c cc chi ph ni v
ngoi ngun) vi mc tng ln n 25% so vi kch bn c s. Nghin cu bin
ng ch s DRC/SER c ph k Lk 15 nm qua (1995-2010) cho thy: Giai
on 2000-2005, khi gi c ph th gii xung mc qu thp (302 - 830 USD/tn
c ph nhn), ch s DRC/SER lun ln hn 1, c ph tnh k Lk mt li th so
snh. Cc giai on khc, khi gi c ph c phc hi, ch s DRC/SER u nh
hn 1, ngnh c ph ca Tnh c li th so snh ngc tr li.
Tm li, tuy c nhng bc thng trm, nhng nhn chung tnh k Lk c li th
so snh trong sn xut c ph xut khu. Sn xut c ph xut khu mang li ngun
ngoi t, gp phn pht trin kinh t v nng cao mc sng ca ngi dn.

1. t vn
Ngnh c ph Vit Nam ni chung v tnh k Lk ni ring c nhng bc
pht trin nhanh chng trong thi gian qua, ng gp mt cch ng k vo s pht
trin chung ca tnh k Lk, Ty Nguyn v ca Vit Nam. Kim ngch xut khu ca
Tnh nm 2010 t 602 triu USD, trong gi tr xut khu c ph chim trn 85%.
k Lk l tnh c din tch trng c ph ln nht c nc, gp phn c lc gip
Vit Nam vn ln tr thnh nc sn xut v xut khu c ph ng th hai th gii,
vi kim ngch t 2 t USD/nm v c 71 quc gia v vng lnh th bit n.
Tuy nhin, vic sn xut v ch bin c ph ti tnh k Lk cn nhiu bt cp
khin cht lng c ph cha cao, kh nng cnh tranh cn thp hn so vi mt s nc


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sn xut c ph hng u ca th gii.
Nghin cu kh nng cnh tranh ca ngnh c ph tnh k Lk trong trong bi
cnh hi nhp th trng th gii cho ta thy mt bc tranh tng th v th ca ngnh c
ph ca tnh k lk. T , c cch nhn v nh gi ng n cc u nhc im ca
ngnh c ph tnh k Lk trong cng ng c ph th gii, c hng i ng n
trong tng lai.
2. Vi nt v tnh hnh ngnh hng c ph ca tnh k Lk
k Lk c 311 nghn ha t Bazan, kh hu kh thun li cho pht trin cc
cy cng nghip c gi tr kinh t cao nh c ph, cao su, h tiu, nht l vic pht trin
trng c ph.
Bo co tnh hnh kinh t - x hi ca Tnh k Lk nm 2010 cho thy, din
tch trng c ph ton Tnh c trn 180.000 ha cc loi, sn lng xut khu c ph t
nm 2005 n nm 2010 t bnh qun trn 300 ngn tn/nm. Ring v thu hoch
2009-2010 sn lng c ph c t 403.578 tn. Kt qu sn xut kinh doanh cy c
ph ng gp trn 40% GDP ca tnh v khong 1/4 s dn ca tnh sng nh vo
vic sn xut, kinh doanh c ph. Theo chin lc pht trin kinh t x hi ca Tnh, t
nay n nm 2020, cy c ph vn gi mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong i sng
kinh t - x hi v nh hng trc tip n mi trng sinh thi trn a bn tnh k
Lk.
3. Phng php lun nh gi kh nng cnh tranh ca sn phm c ph
C nhiu phng php, ch tiu nh gi kh nng cnh tranh ca ngnh c
ph. Mt trong nhng phng php l li th so snh. xc nh li th so snh
ca sn xut c ph, c th s dng nhiu ch tiu nh gi, tuy nhin ngi ta
thng dng h s chi ph ngun lc trong nc (DRC).
H s chi ph ni ngun ca mt sn phm (hay ngnh sn phm) l chi ph sn
xut theo gi tr ca cc u vo trung gian mc gi th gii v cc nhn t sn xut
theo chi ph c hi. ngha ca h s DRC l phn nh chi ph tht s m x hi phi
tr trong vic sn xut ra mt hng ha no .
Nu DRC nh hn 1, c ngha l cn mt lng ngun lc trong nc nh hn
to ra c 1 ng gi tr gia tng theo gi quc t. Trong trng hp th sn
phm hay ngnh sn phm trn l c li th cnh tranh. Ngc li, nu h s DRC ln
hn 1, c ngha l cn mt lng ngun lc trong nc ln hn to ra c 1 ng
gi tr gia tng theo gi quc t, v nh vy l khng c li th cnh tranh.
* Phng php tnh ch s DRC:
1. Cc yu t ni ngun: t ai, lao ng, vn;
2. Chi ph cc yu t u vo c sn xut trong nc;


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3. Chi ph thu mua, ch bin v xut khu;
4. Chi ph cc yu t u vo c nhp khu;
5. Gi sn phm xut khu.
4 5
3 2 1

DRC
tnh ton v quy i DRC v mt n v tin t thng nht, t gi hi oi m
(SER) s c s dng, c th: SER =OER (1 +CE).
Trong : SER : t gi hi oi m; OER: t gi hi oi chnh thc; CE : h s
iu chnh lm pht.
H s lm pht xc nh da trn cc cng b ca nh nc hay cc t chc
quc t.
xc nh DRC, cn xc nh chi ph ni ngun (chi ph c hi) sn xut
c mt tn c ph nhn thnh phm, gi xut khu theo USD v chi ph ngoi ngun
theo USD.
Chi ph ny bao gm 2 giai on: chi ph cho giai on sn xut (sn phm c
ph nhn) v chi ph cho giai on ch bin n xut khu ti cng trong nc. Chi ph
tng khon mc trong giai on sn xut c hch ton bng tng chi ph khon
mc cho 1 ha ca c vng i cy c ph chia cho tng sn lng ca 1 ha trong c
vng i.
Chi ph t ai: xc nh chi ph t ai, ngi ta thng s dng chi ph c
hi ca t ai. Trong phm vi nghin cu ny, chi ph c hi ca t ai c xc nh
theo gi t cho thu trng c ph ca cc h. Tt c chi ph t ai c tnh l chi
ph ni ngun.
Chi ph lao ng c chia thnh 2 giai on: Giai on th nht tnh t khu
trng n kt thc thu hoch c ph ti cc h; giai on th 2 l chi ph tin lng v
cc loi chi ph bo him pht sinh trong khu ch bin cc cng ty ch bin c ph.
Chi ph c hi ca lao ng trong giai on sn xut c tnh bng n gi thc tr ca
cc h vi gi nh th trng lao ng l tng i hon ho. Chi ph c hi ca lao
ng trong khu ch bin c xc nh bng tin lng, bo him x hi v cc khon
ph cp lao ng khc.
Chi ph phn bn c chia thnh 2 ngun l chi ph ni ngun v chi ph ngoi
ngun. Cc loi phn bn ch yu dng cho bn lt v chm sc hng nm trong giai
on kinh doanh cc h l phn chung v phn bn tng hp NPK. Cc loi phn
bn ny mt phn l loi phn nhp t nc ngoi, mt s sn xut trong nc. Tuy
nhin, cc loi phn sn xut trong nc vn phi s dng mt s nguyn liu v my
mc thit b nhp khu. Do , chi ph phn bn tng hp NPK c xc nh l chi ph


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ngoi ngun, cn phn hu c l chi ph ni ngun. Vi gi nh, th trng phn hu
c hin nay l hon ho, chi ph thc chi cho phn hu c cng chnh l chi ph c hi.
Chi ph phn bn ngoi ngun c tnh bng gi CIF. Tt c chi ph cng thm n h
c tnh vo chi ph ni ngun.
Chi ph thuc ha hc, chi ph nhin liu cng c chia thnh 2 loi, chi ph ni
ngun v chi ph ngoi ngun. Chi ph c hi ca thuc ho hc, nhin liu nhp thnh
phm t nc ngoi c tnh theo gi CIF, cc loi thuc ho hc, nhin liu sn xut
trong nc nhng nhp nguyn liu ca nc ngoi th tnh vo chi ph ngoi ngun,
cc chi ph vn chuyn v chi ph khc c tnh l chi ph ni ngun v ly mc gi
thc t pht sinh lm chi ph c hi.
Chi ph c hi ca cc loi cng c, dng c chm sc khc trong giai on
kin thit v khai thc c ph ca cc h c xc nh bng gi mua trn th trng.
Hu ht cc loi cng c, dng c u l chi ph ni ngun. Cc chi ph khc bao gm
ph vn chuyn, thu khon, ng gi, cc loi ph, l ph, tt c cc chi ph ny c
tnh l chi ph ni ngun.
T gi hi oi chnh thc (OER - Official Exchange Rate) nm 2010 (c
cng b bi Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam) l 19.517 ng/USD. Theo mt s nghin
cu, c bit l L Thnh Nghip & Agnes C.Rola (2005) xut t gi hi oi m
SER =OER*(1 +FX premium). Vi FX premium l h s phn nh s khc bit gia
t gi hi oi chnh thc v chi ph c hi (gi m) ca n. i vi cc nc ang pht
trin, Ngn hng Th gii (WB) ngh ly h s FX premium l 20% (0,2). Vy t gi
hi oi m SER (Shadow Exchange Rate) =1,2*OER = 23.420 ng/USD.
* Phng php iu tra thu thp s liu
S liu s cp c iu tra trc tip t h nng dn trn c s phng vn trc
tip theo bng hi c thit k sn. C hai loi bng hi c tin hnh kho st: loi
th nht dng cho h gia nh; v loi th hai dng cho cc c s kinh doanh nng sn.
Ngun s liu s cp dng tnh ton chi ph sn xut c ph c thu thp
qua iu tra 500 h trng c ph 30 x, phng i din ca 8 huyn, th x trng c
ph ca tnh k Lk. Mu iu tra c chn theo phng php chn ngu nhin phn
loi. C s xc nh v phn b s mu iu tra l da vo t trng din tch c ph
ca cc a phng trong Tnh.
Ngun s liu dng tnh ton cc chi ph sau thu hoch c ph (thu mua, ch
bin,) c thu thp t 10 c s thu mua, ch bin tnh.
Cc nh xut khu l phn rt quan trng nh gi kh nng cnh tranh ca
sn phm c ph. Bn cnh nhng vn v chi ph sn xut, vic kho st cc doanh
nghip xut khu s cho thy c nhng kh khn, bi hc kinh nghim v cch thc
tip cn th trng, v t c th a ra nhng kin ngh chnh sch nhm gip cc


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doanh nghip ch ng hi nhp, tng bc tho g kh khn v nng cao kh nng
cnh tranh cho sn phm. Chng ti tin hnh iu tra 5 doanh nghip xut khu c ph
ng trn a bn tnh k Lk.
4. Kt qu nghin cu
4.1 H s chi ph ngun lc trong nc DRC
Kt qu tnh ton Bng 1 cho thy, ch s DRC/SER ca sn xut c ph tnh
k Lk l 0,7972, iu c ngha rng nu b ra 0,7972 USD chi ph ni ngun
trng, ch bin v xut khu mt n v c ph th s thu v mt lng gi tr ngoi t l
1 USD. Kt qu c lng ny chng t rng ngnh hng c ph trn a bn tnh k
Lk c li th so snh.
Bng 1. Kh nng cnh tranh ca ngnh hng c ph tnh k Lk
(Tnh bnh qun cho mt tn nhn xut khu)
Hng mc VT Gi tr
I. Chi ph ni ngun ng 18.346.326
1. t ai ng 1.142.668
2. Lao ng ng 4.173.490
3. Vn ng 4.157.275
4. Ging ng 374.866
4. Phn bn ng 5.971.087
5. Thuc ho hc ng 423.806
7. Nhin liu ng 515.923
9. Khu hao my mc SX trong nc ng 263.263
10. Chi ph khc ng 1.323.947
II. Chi ph ngoi ngun USD 1.078,69
1. Phn bn USD 935,02
2. Thuc ho hc USD 101,27
3. Khu hao my mc nhp khu USD 2,87
4. Nhin liu USD 39,53
III. Chi ph thu mua, ch bin, xut khu ng 1.657.067
1. Chi ph ca ngi thu gom ng 266.623
2. Chi ph ch bin v xut khu ng 1.390.445


126
IV. Gi xut khu c ph
(Gi bnh qun 5 thng u nm 2011- tnh theo gi FOB) USD/tn 2.150
V. DRC ng/USD 18.672
VI. OER ng/USD 19.517
VII. SER ng/USD 23.420
VIII. DRC/SER Ln 0,7972
(Ngun: tng hp t s liu iu tra v tnh ton ca tc gi trong nin v 2010/2011).
4.2. Phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n ch s DRC
4.2.1. Bng phng php kch bn
Li th so snh ca mt quc gia, mt ngnh hay mt sn phm ch c th c
ngha trong mt khong thi gian nht nh v mc thng thay i nu cc iu
kin m bo li th so snh khng c duy tr. Thng thng gi c u vo ca qu
trnh sn xut v gi sn phm thng xuyn bin ng, bn cnh cc chnh sch v
nh ch cng thng thay i theo thi gian. Khi gi c ph hoc gi cc yu t u
vo thay i, s thay i t gi hi oi s lm cho DRC bin ng. nh gi s
thay i li th so snh i ca ngnh hng c ph, chng ti s dng phng php
phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n ch s DRC theo nhng kch bn khc nhau tm
ra gii php n nh v nng cao li th so snh ca sn phm c ph. Cc kch bn v
kt qu tnh ton c th hin Bng 2.
Bng 2. Cc kch bn ca h s chi ph ngun lc trong nc DRC
(tnh bnh qun cho mt tn nhn xut khu)
Cc kch bn DRC/SER Cc kch bn DRC/SER
Kch bn c s 0,7972 Kch bn c s 0,7972
Chi ph ni ngun Chi ph ngoi ngun
Tng 5% 0,8395 Tng 5% 0,8395
Tng 15% 0,9391 Tng 15% 0,9391
Tng 25% 1,0654 Tng 25% 1,0654
Tng 30% 1,1423 Tng 30% 1,1423
Gim 5% 0,7590 Gim 5% 0,7590
Gim 15% 0,6926 Gim 15% 0,6926
Gim 25% 0,6369 Gim 25% 0,6369


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Gim 30% 0,6123 Gim 30% 0,6123
Gi c ph xut khu T gi hi oi
Tng 5% 0,7245 Tng 5% 0,7593
Tng 15% 0,6128 Tng 15% 0,6933
Tng 25% 0,5309 Tng 25% 0,6378
Tng 30% 0,4976 Tng 30% 0,6133
Gim 5% 0,8862 Gim 5% 0,8392
Gim 15% 1,1406 Gim 15% 0,9379
Gim 25% 1,6000 Gim 25% 1,0630
Gim 30% 2,0035 Gim 30% 1,1389
Chi ph ni, ngoi ngun tng 5% v gi c ph xut khu, t gi hi
oi gim 5% 1,0375
Chi ph ni, ngoi ngun tng 15% v gi c ph xut khu, t gi hi
oi gim 15% 1,9685
Chi ph ni, ngoi ngun gim 5% v gi c ph xut khu, t gi hi
oi tng 5% 0,6269
Chi ph ni, ngoi ngun gim 10% v gi c ph xut khu, t gi hi
oi tng 10% 0,5012
Chi ph ni, ngoi ngun gim 20% v gi c ph xut khu, t gi hi
oi tng 20% 0,3316
(Ngun: tng hp t s liu iu tra v tnh ton ca tc gi trong nin v 2010/ 2011).
Kt qu phn tch trn cho thy, so vi kch bn c s, trong iu kin cc yu t
khc khng i, nu:
1) Ch ph ni ngun tng 25%, DRC/SER = 1,065
2) Chi ph ngoi ngun tng 25%, DRC/ SER =1,065
3) T gi hi oi gim 25%, DRC/SER =1.063
4) Gi c ph xut khu gim 10% DRC/SER =0.9966
Nh vy, ngnh hng c ph c Lk c kh nng chu c s bin ng ca
cc yu t gi u vo (k c cc chi ph ni v ngoi ngun) vi mc tng ln 25% so
vi kch bn c s. Trong hn 2 thp k qua, ch s lm pht nc ta thng l 1 con
s, mc cao nht l xp x 20% (2008) v 18% (nm 2011). iu chng t, trong 2
thp k qua, c ph c Lk vn c kh cnh tranh trong bi cnh gi c cc yu t u


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vo tng ln.
Cng theo phn tch trn khi t gi gi hi oi gim 25% so vi kch bn c s,
DRC/SER=1. Trong cc thp k qua, t gi hi oi gia VND v USD lun lun tng
(xem s liu Bng 3). Xu hng ny cng lm tng kh nng cnh tranh ca c ph Vit
nam ni chung v ca c Lk ni ring.
Tuy nhin, khi gi c ph xut khu gim 10%, ngnh hng c ph gn nh mt
kh nng cnh tranh (DRC/SER =0,9966). Phn tch ny cho thy, kh nng cnh tranh
ca ngnh hng c ph ph thuc rt ng k vo s bin ng ca gi c.
T kt qu phn tch cho thy, DRC/SER rt nhy cm vi gi c ph xut khu.
Trong qu kh, gi c ph xung n mc thp k lc (so vi gi c ph ca cc
thng u nm 2011 c nhng nm gim xung cn 1/10). S liu Bng 3 s c phn
tch lm r thm nh hng nhy cm ca gi xut khu c ph n ch s DRC/SER.
Nh vy, vic phn tch cc kch bn DRC cho thy c ph trn a bn tnh k
Lk l mt hng xut khu c nhiu li th trong tng lai. Tuy nhin, do h thng
chui sn phm t vt t, dch v u vo n ngi trng, ngi thu gom, c s ch
bin xut khu khng c c ch rng buc c th nn ngi trng c ph vn b thit.
c bit, do th trng gi c u vo, nht l gi c ph bin ng tht thng lm
nh hng khng nh n kh nng cnh tranh ca mt hng ny.
4.2.2. Bng phng php phn tch dy s thi gian
Vic phn tch cc nhn t nh hng n h s DRC bng phng php kch
bn c th xy ra cc tnh hung phi thc t. C nhng kch bn a ra phn tch kh
c kh nng xy ra. bm st thc t hn, chng ta tin hnh phn tch cc nhn t
nh hng n h DRC thng qua chui thi gian chi ph ni ngun, chi ph ngoi
ngun, gi c ph xut khu v t gi hi oi. Trong phn tch ny cc ch tiu trn
c c lng nh sau: Chi ph ni ngun c tnh theo bin ng ch s kh lm
pht GDP hng nm ca Vit Nam, chi ph ngoi ngun tnh da vo bin ng ch s
kh lm pht GDP ca M theo d liu thng k ca Ngn hng Th gii, gi c ph
xut khu tnh theo gi c ph xut khu bnh qun ca t chc c ph quc t (ICO),
bin ng t gi hi oi tnh theo thng bo t gi hi oi bnh qun lin ngn hng.
Kt qu tnh ton cho Bng 3.
Bng 3. Bin ng h s chi ph ngun lc trong nc DRC
(tnh bnh qun cho mt tn nhn xut khu)
Nm
Chi ph
ni ngun
(ng)
Chi ph
ngoi
ngun
(USD)
Gi c ph
xut khu
(gi FOB)
(USD/tn)
T gi
hi oi
(ng/USD)
DRC/SER
(ln)
1995 7.042.965 261,87 1.895 11.010 0,3264


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1996 8.028.980 263,16 1.157 11.080 0,6757
1997 8.486.631 264,25 1.118 11.900 0,6965
1998 8.758.204 265,12 1.312 13.297 0,5242
1999 9.397.552 265,31 1.014 13.718 0,7629
2000 9.782.852 262,79 531 14.152 2,1489
2001 9.616.544 262,75 302 14.716 13,7343
2002 9.578.077 264,18 363 15.274 5,2971
2003 9.942.044 264,60 558 15.494 1,8200
2004 10.260.190 264,14 586 15.656 1,6974
2005 11.060.485 263,60 830 15.864 1,0264
2006 11.978.505 263,38 1.230 16.019 0,6443
2007 12.864.914 263,37 1.615 16.108 0,4924
2008 13.932.702 258,65 2.045 16.583 0.3930
2009 17.151.156 266,51 1.456 18.118 0,6633
2010 18.351.737 264,62 1.291 18.616 0,8005
(Ngun: T chc c ph Quc t ICO (2010), tng hp t s liu iu tra v tnh ton
ca tc gi trong nin v 2010/ 2011, mt s ngun khc).
Qua bng s liu Bng 3 cho thy, trong vng 15 nm tr li y (1995 - 2010)
ngnh c ph ca tnh k Lk tri qua 3 giai on thng trm.
Giai on 1995 - 1999 l giai on gi c ph th gii tng i cao, trong khi
gi c cc yu t chi ph ni, ngoi ngun t bin ng. Do , ch s DRC/SER lun
nh hn 1, c bit nm 1995 DRC/SER = 0,3264, sn xut c ph tnh k Lk c li
th so snh cao.
Giai on 2000 - 2005 l giai on bi t nht ca ngnh c ph Vit Nam ni
chung v ngnh c ph tnh k Lk ni ring. Trong giai oan ny, do quan h cung
cu c ph th gii xy ra bt li cho cc nc sn xut c ph (cung vt qu cu) lm
cho gi c ph th gii gim xung mc thp nht trong khong thi gian 16 nm va
qua, trong khi gi c cc yu t chi ph ni ngun c xu hng tng. Do vy, ch s
DRC/SER lun ln hn 1. c bit trong nm 2001 - 2002, gi c ph th gii gim
xung mc thp k lc (302 USD/tn v 362 USD/tn), lm cho ch s DRC/SER
tng t bin (13,7343 v 5,2971), ngnh c phk Lk mt kh nng cnh tranh, cc
h gia nh sn xut c ph thua l, cht ph vn c ph chuyn sang trng cc cy
trng khc.


130
Trong nhng nm tr li y (2006 - 2010), mc d chi ph ni, ngoi ngun c
xu hng tng do lm pht, nhng ngnh c ph vn sn sn xut c hiu qu. l
nh gi c ph th gii tng mnh, ch s DRC/SER lun nh hn mt. c bit nm
2008, khi gi c ph tng ln 2.045 USD/tn nhn, ch s DRC/SER =0,3930, c ph
c Lk c kh nng cnh tranh cao, ngnh c ph thu c li nhun ln.
T kt qu phn tch trn cho thy, bin ng gi c ph th gii l nhn t c
nh hng ng k nht n kh nng cnh tranh v s pht trin ca ngnh c ph Vit
Nam ni chung v tnh k Lk ni ring.
5. Kt lun
Qua nghin cu v phn tch c th rt ra mt s nhn xt v nng lc cnh
tranh ca sn phm c ph trn a bn tnh k Lk nh sau:
- Li th so snh ca sn phm c ph rt nhy cm vi nhng bin ng v gi
c ph xut khu. Khi gi c ph xut khu ch cn gim xung 10% so vi kch bn c
s, ngnh hng c ph gn nh mt kh nng cnh tranh (DRC/SER =0,9966). Th
nhng, trong qu kh gi c ph th gii c nhng lc gim xung cn 10% so vi gi
c ph bnh qun ca nhng thng u nm 2011. iu ny cng gy bt li ln cho kh
nng cnh tranh ca sn phm c ph. Trong khi , ngnh hng c ph tnh k Lk c
kh nng chu c s bin ng ca cc yu t gi u vo (k c cc chi ph ni v
ngoi ngun) vi mc tng ln n 25% so vi kch bn c s. Khi cc chi ph ny tng
cha n 25% so vi kch bn c s, sn xut c ph xut khu ca tnh k Lk lun
c li th so snh.
Nghin cu bin ng ch s DRC/SER c ph k Lk 16 nm tr li y
(1995-2010) cho thy r hn s ph thuc rt ln ca li th so snh ca sn phm c
ph vo bin ng gi c ph xut khu: Giai on 2000-2005, khi gi c ph th gii
xung mc qu thp (302 - 830 USD/tn c ph nhn), ch s DRC/SER lun ln hn 1,
ngnh c ph tnh k Lk khng c li th so snh trong giai on ny. Cc giai on
khc, khi gi c ph c phc hi, ch s DRC/SER u nh hn 1, ngnh c ph ca
Tnh li c li th so snh.
Nh vy, kh nng cnh tranh c ph k Lk chu c s bin ng gi c ni
v ngoi ngun vi mc lm pht va phi, di 1 con s. Tuy nhin, bin ng ca gi
c ph xut khu l nhn t ng ch nht v n va dao ng rt ln, li va rt tht
thng m bn thn cc tc nhn trong ngnh hng kh c th can thip c.
- Tuy c nhng bc thng trm, nhng nhn chung tnh k Lk c li th so
snh trong sn xut c ph xut khu. Sn xut c ph xut khu mang li ngun ngoi
t, gp phn pht trin kinh t v nng cao mc sng ca ngi dn. y cng l mt
trong cc nhn t ng gp cho vic pht trin c ph bn vng ca tnh k Lk.


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9. http://www.oecd.org/pages/0,3417,en_36734052_36734103_1_1_1_1_1,00.html
THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COFFEE SECTOR IN DAK LAK
PROVINCE IN THE MARKET INTEGRATION
Nguyen Van Hoa
1
, Mai Van Xuan
2

1
Tay Nguyen University
2
College of Economics, Hue University

Abstract. In this paper, the index DRC/SER was used to evaluate the
competitiveness of the coffee sector of the Dak Lak province in the context of
market integration worldwide.
The index of DRC/SER of coffee production in Dak Lak province (2010/2011 crop
year) is 0,7972, which is smaller than 1, suggesting that coffee production for
oversea markets in Dak Lak was comparatively advantaged. The analysis of
sensitivity of DRC/SER in coffee industry in Dak Lak indicated that comparative
advantages of coffee products are extremely sensitive to the change in global
market price of this product. If the price of exported coffee drops by 10%
compared to the base scenario, the competitiveness of coffee industry will be


132
negatively affected (DRC/SER =0,9966) while it is also influenced by fluctuations
of input factors price (i.e., external and internal costs). The research of volatility of
DRC/SER in coffee industry in Dak Lak over 15 years (1995 - 2010) showed that
for the period of 2000 - 2005, when the global coffee price significantly dropped to
a range from USD 302 to USD 830 a ton, the DRC / SER index is always greater
than one thereby reducing the competitiveness. In contrast, for the other periods,
when the coffee price sharply recovered, the index was definitely smaller than 1.
Therefore industry in the province was comparatively advantaged.
In short, despite fluctuations, generally coffee production in Dak Lak has
comparative advantages for oversea markets especially. Coffee production for
export has greatly contributed to the local and national economy as well. An
example is the source of foreign currency contributing to economic development
and improving the living standard for coffee farmers.