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Khoa - TVT H thng thng tin
di ng GSM

TP ON IN LC
TRNG I HC IN LC
KHOA IN T VIN THNG

N TVT
H thng thng tin di dng GSM
Gio vin hng dn :
Sinh vin thc hin : V Ngc Onh
V Vn Tin
Lp : 4LT TVT3
Nam jnh, 10 - 2010
Lp : 4LT TVT3 SV: V ngc Onh
V V!n Ti"n
1
di ng GSM
Li Ni u
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gian khong thp nin 80 l vi!c con ngi " pht minh ra i!n thoi
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vin khoa i!n tN viOn th)ng &m " J3<;t 8nh ch-n 7 ti Ph! th?ng
th)ng tin #i ng mang QRMS : nghin cH3$
V V!n Ti"n
2
di ng GSM
Chuong I: Cu trc mang GSM

1. Tng quan mang mang GSM
11. Cu trc mang GSM
Hnh 1.1. CU TRC MNG GSM
Trong d:
SS: Swithching system h thng chuyn mach
AUC: Trung tm nhn thc
VLR: B ghi djnh vj tam tr
HLR: B ghi djnh vj thng tr
ER: Equipment dentifed Reader B ghi nhn dang thit bj
MSC: Mobile Switching Central trung tm chuyn mach cc djch vu di dng
BTS: Base station system h thng tram gc
BSC: Base station Control i diu khin tram gc
MS: My di dng
OSS: Operating and surveilance System H thng khai thc v gim st.
OMC: Operating and Maintaining Central trung tm khai thc v bo dng
V V!n Ti"n
3
di ng GSM
SDN: Mang s lin kt da djch vu
PSTN: Mang din thoai mt dt cng cng
CSPDN: Mang chuyn mach s cng cng theo mach
PLMN: Mang di dng mt dt cng cng
MS: My di dng.
H thng GSM doc chia thnh h thng chuyn mach (SS hay NSS) v
h thng tram gc (BSS). H thng doc thc hin nh mt mang gm nhiu
v tuyn canh nhau d cng dm bo ton b vng ph sng ca vng phuc vu.
Mi c mt tram v tuyn gc BTS lm vic mt tp hop cc knh v tuyn.
Cc knh ny khc vi cc knh doc s dung cc ln cn d trnh giao thoa
nhiu. Mt b diu khin tram gc BSC diu khin nhm BTS. BSC diu khin
cc chc nng nh mt trung tm chuyn mach cc djch vu di dng MSC diu
khin mt s tram BTS. MSC diu khin cc cuc gi dn v t mang chuyn
mach din thoai cng cng PSTN, mang s lin kt da djch vu SDN, mang di
dng mt dt cng cng PDN, v c th l cc mang ring. mang cng c mt
s cc co s d liu d theo di nh:
- B dng k djnh vj thng tr HLR cha thng tin v thu bao nh cc djch vu
b xung cc thng s nhn thc v thng tin v vj tr ca MS.
- Trung tm nhn thc AUC doc ni dn HLR. Chc nng ca AUC l cung cp
cho HLR cc thng s nhn thc v cc kha mt m d s dung cho cc kha
bo mt.
- B ghi djnh vj tam tr VLR : l mt co s d liu cha thng tin v tt c cc
MS hin dang phuc vu ca vng MSC, Mi MSC c mt VLR.
- Thanh ghi nhn dang thit bj ER doc ni vi MSC qua mt dng bo hiu
n cho php MSC kim tra s hop l ca thit bj,chuyn giao, diu khin cng
sut.
1.2. Cu trc d[a I ca mang
Mi mang din thoai du c mt cu trc nht djnh d djnh tuyn cc cuc
gi dn tng di cn thit v cui cng dn thu bao bj gi. Trong mang di dng
cu trc ny rt quan trng do tnh lu thng ca cc thu bao trong mang.
V mt dja l mt mang di dng bao gm :
- Vng mang.
- Vng phuc vu.
- Vng djnh vj.
- (Cell).
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
Hnh 1.2. V d v phn cp cu trc d[a I ca
mang di dng ceIIuIar (GSM)
a. Vng mang
Cc dng truyn gia mang GSM/PLMN v mang PSTN/SDN khc hay cc
mang PLMN khc s mc tng di trung k quc gia hay quc t. Trong mt
mang GSM/PLMN tt c cc cuc gi kt cui di dng du doc djnh tuyn dn
mt tng di v tuyn cng (GMSC). GMSC lm vic nh mt tng di trung k
vo cho GSM/PLMN. y l noi thc hin chc nng hi djnh tuyn cuc gi cho
cc kt cui di dng
Hnh 1.3 Vng mang GSM/PLMN
b. Vng phc v: MSC/VLR
Vng phuc vu l b phn ca mang doc MSC qun l. djnh tuyn cuc
gi dn thu bao di dng, dng truyn qua mang s doc ni dn MSC vng
phuc vu MSC noi thu bao dang .
V V!n Ti"n
5
di ng GSM
Vng phuc vu l b phn ca mang doc djnh ngha nh mt vng m
d c th dat dn mt tram di dng nh vic tram MS ny doc ghi lai mt b
ghi tam tr, mt vng mang GSM/PLMN doc chia thnh mt hay nhiu vng
phuc vu MSC/LVR.
c. Vng d[nh v[ (LA: Location Area )
Mi vng phuc vu MSC/VLR doc chia thnh mt s vng djnh vj. Vng
djnh vi l mt phn ca vng phuc vu MSC/VLR m d mt MS c th chuyn
dng t do m khng cn cp nht thng tin v vj tr tng di MSC/VLR. H thng
c th nhn dang vng djnh vj bng cch s dung nhn dang vng dinh vj LA.
Vng djnh vj h thng s dung d tm mt thu bao ang trang thi hoat dng.
d. (CeII)
Vng djnh vj doc chia thnh mt s . l mt vng bao ph v tuyn
doc mang nhn dang bng nhn dang ton cu (CG Cell Global dentity).
Tram di dng t nhn dang bng cch s dung m nhn dang tram gc
(BSC Base station dentity Code ).
Cc vng GSM c mi lin h cht ch vi nhau. Mi quan h gia cc
vng ca GSM (doc th hin hnh 1.3).
1.3. H thng chuyn mach (ss- swictching subsytem)
H thng chuyn mach bao gm cc chc nng chuyn mach chnh ca
GSM cng nh cc co s d liu cn thit cho s liu thu bao v qun l di dng
ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca SS l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s
dung ca mang GSM vi nhau v vi mang khc.
a. Trung tm chuyn mach cc nghip v di dng (MSC -MobiIe service
switching centre)
SS chc nng chnh chuyn mach chnh doc MSC thc hin, nhim vu
chnh ca MSC l diu phi vic thit lp cuc gi dn nhng ngi s dung
mang GSM. Mt mt BSC giao tip vi h thng con BSS, mt khc giao tip vi
mang ngoi doc gi l MSC cng. Vic giao tip vi mang ngoi d dm bo
thng tin cho nhng ngi s dung mang GSM di hi cng thch ng. SS cng
cn giao tip vi mang ngoi d s dung cc kh nng truyn ti ca cc mang
ny cho vic truyn tai s liu ca ngi s dung hoc bo hiu gia cc phn t
ca mang GSM. Chng han SS c th s dung mang bo hiu knh chung s 7
(CCS7), mang ny bo dm hoat dng tong tc gia cc phn t ca SS trong
nhiu hay mt mang GSM. MSC thng l mt tng di ln diu khin v qun l
mt s cc b diu khin tram gc BSC. Mt tng di MSC thch hop cho mt
vng d thj v ngoai c dn c vo khong mt triu (vi mt d thu bao trung
bnh).
kt ni MSC vi mt s mang khc cn phi thch ng cc dc dim
truyn dn ca GSM vi cc mang ny. Cc thch ng ny doc gi l cc chc
nng tong tc. WF bao gm mt s thit bj d thch ng giao tip truyn dn.
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
N cho php kt kt ni vi cc mang: PSTPDN (Packet swictched public dt
network: Mang s liu cng cng chuyn mach gi) hay CSPDN (Circuit siched
public daat network: Mang s liu chuyn mach cng cng chuyn mach theo
mach), n cng tn tai khi cc mang khc chi don thun l PSTN hay SDN. WF
c th doc thc hin trong cng chc nng MSC hay c th thit bj ring,
trng hop hai giao tip gia MSC v WF doc d m.
b. B ghi d[nh v[ thung tr ( HLR -Home Location Register)
Ngoi MSC, SS bao gm cc co s d liu. Cc thng tin lin quan dn
vic cung cp cc djch vu vin thng doc lu gi HLR khng phu thuc vo vj
tr hin thi ca thu bao. HLR cng ch cc thng tin lin quan dn vj tr hin
thi ca thu bao. Thng HLR l mt my tnh dng ring khng c kh nng
chuyn mach nhng c kh nng qun l hng trm thu bao. Mt chc nng con
ca HLR l nhn dang trung tm nhn thc AUC m nhim vu ca trung tm ny
l qun l an ton s liu ca cc thu bao doc php.
c. B ghi d[nh v[ tam tr (VRL-Lisitor -Iocation register)
VRL l co s d liu th hai trong mang GSM. N doc ni vi mt hay
nhiu MSC v c nhin vu lu gi tam thi s liu thu bao ca cc thu bao hin
dang nm trong vng phuc vu ca MSC tong ng v dng thi lu gi s liu v
vj tr ca cc thu bao ni trn mc d chnh sc hon HLR. Mi MSC c mt
HLR. Ngay khi MS lu dng vo mt vng MSC mi, VLR lin kt vi MSC s yu
c s liu v MS ny t HLR. ng thi HLR s thng bo l MS dang vng
phuc vu no. Nu sau d MS mun thc hin mt cuc gi, VRL s c tt c
thng tin cn thit d thit lp cuc gi m khng cn hi HLR. C th coi VLR
nh mt HLR phn b.
- D liu b xung doc lu gi HLR gm:
+ Tnh trang ca thu bao (bn, ri, khng tr li.)
+ Nhn dang vng djnh vj (LA).
+ Nhn dang ca thu bao di dng tam thi (TMS).
+ S lu dng ca tram di dng (MSRN).
Cc ch nng VLR thng doc lin kt vi chc nng MSC.
d. Tng di di dng cng (GMSC - Gate MSC)
SS c th cha nhiu MSC, VLR, HLR. thit lp mt cuc gi dn
ngi s dung GSM, trc ht cuc gi phi doc djnh tuyn dn tng di cng
doc gi l GSMC m khng cn bit hin thi thu bao dang du. Cc tng
di cng c nhim vu ly thng tin v vj tr ca thu bao v djnh tuyn cuc gi
dn tng di dang qun l thu bao thi dim hin thi (MSC tam tr). vy,
trc ht cc tng di cng phi da trn s danh ba ca thu bao d tm dng
HLR cn thit v hi HLR ny. Tng di cng c mt giao din vi mt mang bn
ngoi thng qua giao din ny n lm nhim vu cng d kt ni cc cc mang bn
ngoi vi mang GSM. Ngoi ra tng di ny cng c giao din bo hiu dng
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
dy s 7 (CCS7) d c th tong tc vi cc phn t khc ca SS. V phong
din kinh t khng phi bao gi tng di cng dng ring m thng doc kt
hop vi MSC.
e. Trung tm nhn thc (AUC-Authentication Center)
Trung tm nhn thc AUC c chc nng cung cp cho HLR cc thng s
nhn thc v cc kha mt m. Trung tm nhn thc lin tuc cung cp cc b ba
cho tng thu bao. Cc b ba ny doc coi nh l s liu lin quan dn thu bao.
Mt b ba (RAND, SRES, kha mt m (Ks) doc s dung d nhn thc mt
cuc gi d trnh trng hop Card thu bao (card thng minh) bj mt. t nht phi
lun c b ba mi (cho mt thu bao) HLR d lun c th cung cp b ba ny
theo yu c ca MSC/VLR. AUC ch yu cha mt s cc my tnh c nhn gi l
PC- AUC d tao ra cc b ba v cung cp chng dn HLR.
PC- AUC doc coi nh thit bj vo/ra (/O).
Trong AUC cc buc sau dy d tao ra b ba:
- Mt s ngu nhin khng th don trc doc (RAND) doc tao ra.
- RAND v Ki doc s dung d tnh ton tr li doc mt hiu (SRES) v kha
mt m (Kc) bng hai thut ton:
SRES = A3(RAND, Ki)
Kc = A8 (RAND, Ki)
- RAND, SRES v Kc cng doc da dn HLR nh mt b ba.
- Qa trnh nhn thc s lun din ra mi ln thu bao truy cp vo mang ca h
thng.
Qa trnh nhn thc din ra nhu sau:
VLR c tt c thng tin yu cu d thc hin qu trnh nhn thc (Kc, SRES,
RAND). Nu cc thng tin ny khng sn c VLR th VLR s yu cu chng t
HLR/AUC.
1. B ba (Kc, SRES, RAND) doc lu gi n trong VLR.
2. VLR gi RAND qua MSC v BSS ti MS ( khng doc m ha).
3 . MS s dung cc thut ton A3 v A8 v tham s Ki doc lu gi trong
SM card ca MS, cng vi RAND nhn doc t VLR, s tnh ton cc gi trj
ca SRES v Kc.
4. MS gi SRES khng m ha ti VLR.
. Trong VLR gi trj ca SERS doc so snh vi SRES m nhn doc t my
di dng. Nu hai gi trj ny l ph hop th nhn thc l thnh cng.
. My di dng tnh ton Kc t RAND v Ki (Ki trong SM) bng thut ton A8.
7. Dng Kc, thut ton A v s siu siu khung s m ha gia MS v BSS
by gi c th xy ra qua giao din v tuyn.
f. Chc nng tuong tc (IWF -Interworking function)
WM cung cp chc nng d dm bo h thng GSM c th giao tip vi nhiu
dang khc nhau ca mang s liu t nhn v cng cng dang doc s dung.
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
Cc dc din co bn ca IEM gm:
- S thch hop tc d d liu.
- S chuyn di giao thc.
Mt s h thng yu cu nhiu kh nng ca WM hon cc h thng khc,
diu ny phu thuc vo mang m WM doc ni ti.
CCS7 phu thuc quy djnh ca tng nc, mt hng khai thc GSM c th
c mang bo hiu CCS7 ring hay chung. Nu hng khai thc c mang bo hiu
ny th ring cc dim chuyn giao bo hiu (STP) c th l mt b phn ca SS
v c th doc thc hin cc dim nt ring hay trong cng mt MSC ty thuc
vo hon cnh kinh t. Tong t, mt nh khai thc GSM cng c th c quyn
thc hin mt mang ring d djnh tuyn cc cuc gi gia GMSC v MSC hay
thm ch djnh tuyn cuc gi ra dn dim gn nht trc khi s dung mang c
djnh. Lc ny cc tng di qu giang c th s l mt b phn ca mang GSM v
c th doc thc hin nh mt nt dng ring hay kt hop vi MSC.
1.4. H thng tram gc BSS.
C th ni BSS l mt h thng cc thit bj dc th ring cho cc tnh cht
t ong v tuyn ca GSM. BSS giao din trc tip vi cc tram di dng (MS)
thng qua giao din v tuyn. V th n bao gm cc thit bj pht v thu dng
truyn v tuyn v qun l cc chc nng ny. Mt khc BSS thc hin giao din
vi cc tng di SS. Tm lai BSS thc hin du cc MS vi tng di v nh vy
du ni nhng ngi s dung cc tram di dng vi nhng ngi s dung vin
thng khc. BSS cng phi doc diu khin v t vy n doc du ni vi OSS.
BSS bao gm hai loai thit bj: BTS giao din vi MS v BSC giao din vi
MSC.
a. Tram thu pht gc (BTS -Base transceiver station)
Mt BTS bao gm cc thit bj thu pht, anten v x l tn hiu dc th cho
giao din v tuyn. C th coi BTS l cc Modem v tuyn phc tap c thm mt
s cc chc nng khc. Mt b phn quan trng ca BTS l TRAU. TRAU l thit
bj m d qu trnh m ha v gii m ting dc th ring cho GSM doc tin
hnh, dy cng thc hin thch ng tc d truyn, trng hop truyn s liu.
TRAU l mt b phn ca BTS, nhng cng c th dt cch xa BTS v thm ch
trong nhiu trng hop doc dt gia BSC v MSC.
Cc chc nng chnh ca BTS I :
- Bin di truyn dn (dy dn v tuyn).
- Cc php do v tuyn.
- Phn tp anten.
- Mt m.
- Nhy tn.
- Truyn dn khng lin tuc.
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
- ng b thi gian.
- Gim st v kim tra.
Mi BTS c th c ti da 4 b thu pht (TR Transceiver). B thu pht
cho php du ni 1 TR trn cng mt anten. C th du ni 32 TR dn cng
mt tram anten thu.
b. BSC
BSC c nhim vu qun l tt c giao din v tuyn thng qua cc lnh diu
khin t xa BTS v MS. Cc lnh ny ch yu l lnh n djnh, gii phng knh v
tuyn v qun l chuyn giao (Handover). Mt pha BSC doc ni vi BTS cn
pha kia doc ni vi MSC ca SS. Trong thc t BSC l mt tng di nh c kh
nng tnh ton dng k. Vai tr ch yu ca n l qun l cc knh giao din v
tuyn v chuyn giao. Mt BSC trung bnh c th qun l ti vi chuc BTS phu
thuc vo lu long ca cc BTS ny. Giao din gia BSC vi MSC doc gi l
giao din A, cn giao din gia n vi BTS doc gi l giao din Abis.
BSC c cc chc nng chnh sau:
- Gim st cc tram v tuyn gc.
- Qun l mang v tuyn.
- iu khin ni thng dn cc my di dng.
- jnh vj v chuyn giao.
- Qun l tm gi.
- Khai thc bo dng ca BSS.
- Qun l mang truyn dn.
- Chc nng chuyn di my (gm c ghp 4 knh lu thng GSM ton b tc
d vo mt knh 4kbit/s).
- M ha ting (gim tc d bt xung 13kbit/s) s doc thc hin BSC. V vy
mt dng PCM c th truyn doc 4 cuc ni ting.
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
1.5. Tram di dng MS
Tram di dng l thit bj duy nht m ngi s dung c th thng xuyn
nhn thy ca h thng. MS c th l thit bj dt trong t hay thit bj xch tay
hay cm tay. Loai thit bj nh cm tay s l thit bj tram di dng ph bin nht.
Ngoi vic cha cc chc nng v tuyn chung v s l giao din v tuyn, MS
cn phi cung cp giao din vi ngi s dung (nh mic, loa, mn hnh, bn phm
d qun l cuc gi) hoc giao din vi mt s thit bj khc nh giao din vi my
tnh c nhn, fax. Hin nay ngi ta dang c gng sn sut cc thit bj du cui
gn nh d du ni vi tram di dng. Vic la chn cc thit bj du cui hin d
m cho cc nh sn sut. Ta c th lit k ba chc nng chnh:
- Thit bj du cui thc hin cc chc nng khng lin kt qua mang GSM.
- Kt cui tram di dng thc hin cc chc nng lin quan dn truyn dn
giao din v tuyn.
- B thch ng du cui lm vic nh mt ca ni thng thit bj du cui
vi kt cui di dng. Cn s dung b thch ng du cui khi giao din ngoi tram
di dng tun theo tiu chun SDN d du ni du cui modem.
Cu trc ca mt my di dng:
My di dng gm thit bj di dng ME (Mobile equipment) v modun nhn
dang thu bao SM.
Modun nhn dang thu bao:
SM l mt modun tho rt doc d cm vo mi khi thu bao mun s
dung MS v rt ra khi MS khng c ngi hoc lp dt MS khi ban du dng k
thu bao. C hai phong n doc da ra:
- SM dang card C.
- SM dang cm.
a) SIM dang card IC: L mt modun d c mt giao tip vi bn ngoi theo cc
tiu chun SO v cc card C. SM c th l mt b phn ca card da djch vu
trong d vin thng di dng GSM l mt trong s cc ng dung.
b) SIM dang cm: L mt modun ring hon ton doc tiu chun ha trong h
thng GSM. N doc d djnh lp dt bn c djnh ME . Cc khai thc mang
GSM l cc khai thc khi thit lp, hoat dng xa mt cuc gi. Khi s dung ME,
SM dm bo cc chc nng sau nu n nm trong khai thc ca mang GSM:
- Lu gi thng tin bo mt lin quan dn thu bao (nh MS) v thc hin cc
co ch nhn thc v tao kha mt m.
- Khai thc PN ngi s dung (nu cn m PN) v qun l.
- Qun l thng tin lin quan dn thu bao di dng chi doc thc hin khai thc
mang GSM khi SM c mt MS dng.
V V!n Ti"n
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di ng GSM
- SM phi c kh nng s l mt s nhn dang c nhn (PN), k c khi khng
bao gii s dung n. PN bao gm 4 dn 8 ch s. Mt PN ban du doc nap
bi b hoat dng djch vu thi dim dng k. Sau d ngi s dung c th thay
di PN cng nh d di PN ty . Ngi s dung cng c th s dung chc
nng PN hay khng bng mt chc nng SM-ME doc gi l chc nng cm
PN. Vic cm ny gi nguyn cho dn khi ngi s dung cho php lai kim tra
PN. Nhn vin doc php ca hng khai thc c th chn chc nng cm PN
khi dng k thu bao, ngha l thu bao khi bj chn chc nng cm PN khng
cn la chn no khc l s dung PN. Chn SM ngha l dt n vo trang thi
cm khai thc mang GSM, c th dng kha gii ta chn c nhn d gii ta
chn.
Ngoi ra SM phi c b nh khng mt thng tin cho mt s khi thng tin
nh:
- S seri: L s don vj xc djnh SM v cha thng tin v nh sn sut, th h
diu hnh, s SM,.
- Trang thi SM (chn hay khng).
- Kha nhn thc.
- S nhn dang thu bao di dng quc t (MS).
- Kha mt m.
- S trnh t kha mt m.
- Nhn dang s thu bao di dng tam thi (TMS).
- Loai diu khin thm nhp thu bao.
- S nhn dang c nhn (PN).
1.6. H thng vn hnh khai thc v bo dung OSS
OSS thc hin ba chc nng chnh sau:
- Khai thc v bo dng mang.
- Qun l thu bao v tnh cc.
- Qun l thit bj di dng.
Dui dy ta xt tng qut cc chc nng ni trn:
a. Khai thc v bo dung mang
Khai thc l hoat dng cho php nh khai thc mang theo di hnh vi ca
mang nh: ti ca h thng, mc d chm, s long chuyn giao (handover) gia
hai ., nh vy nh khai thc c th gim st doc ton b vt cht ca djch vu
m h cung cp cho khch hng v kjp thi s l s c. Khai thc cng bao gm
vic thay di cu hnh d gim nhng vn d sut hin thi dim hin thi, d
chun bj tng lu long trong tong lai, d tng vng ph. Vic thay di mang c
th doc thc hin mm qua bo hiu, hoc thc hin cng di hi s can
V V!n Ti"n
12
di ng GSM
thip tai hin trng. h thng vin thng hin dai khai thc doc thc hin
bng my vi tnh v doc tp trung mt tram.
Bo dng c nhim vu pht hin, djnh vj, sa cha cc s c v hng
hc. N c mt s quan h vi khai thc. Cc thit bj hin dai ca mang vin
thng c kh nng t pht hin mt s s c hay d bo s c thng qua t kim
tra. Trong nhiu trng hop ngi ta d phng cho thit bi d khi c s c c th
thay th bng thit bj d phng. S thay th ny c th doc thc hin bng diu
khin t xa. Bo dng cng bao gm cc hoat dng tai hin trng nhm thay
di thit bj c s c.
H thng khai thc v bo dng c th doc thc hin trn nguyn l
TMN (Telecommunication Management Network: mang qun l vin thng). Lc
ny mt mt h thng khai thc v bo dng doc ni dn phn t ca mang
vin thng (cc MSC, BSC, HLR v cc phn t mang khc tr BTS, v thm
nhp dn BTS doc thc hin qua BSC). Mt khc h thng khai thc v bo
dng lai doc ni dn my tnh ch dng vai tr giao tip ngi my. Theo tiu
chun GSM h thng doc gi l OMC.
b. Qun I thu bao
Bao gm cc hoat dng dng k qun l thu bao. Nhim vu du tin l
nhp v xa thu bao khi mang. ng k thu bao cng rt phc tap, bao gm
nhiu djch vu v tnh nng b sung. Nh khai thc phi c th thm nhp vo tt
c cc thng s ni trn. Mt nhim vu quan trng khc ca nh khai thc l tnh
cc cc cuc gi. Cc ph phi doc tnh v gi dn thu bao. Qun l thu
bao mang GSM chi lin quan dn HLR v mt s thit bj OSS ring chng han
mang ni HLR vi cc thit bj giao tip ngi my cc trung tm giao djch vi
thu bao. SM card cng dng vai tr nh mt b phn ca h thng qun l thu
bao.
c. Qun I thit b[ di dng
Qun l thit bj di dng doc dng k nhn dang thit bj ER (Equiment
dentity Register) thc hin. ER lu gia tt c cc d liu lin quan dn tram di
dng MS. ER Cha s liu phn cng ca ca thit bj d l nhn dang thit bj di
dng quc t ( ME). ME l duy nht di vi mt thit bj di dng (ME) nhng n
khng phi l duy nht di vi thu bao m dang s dung n thit lp hay nhn
mt cuc gi. ER doc ni vi MSC qua mt dng bo hin. N cho php MSC
kim tra s hop l ca thit bj, bng cch ny c th cm mt MS c dang khng
doc chp thun. Co s d liu ca ER cha danh sch ca cc ME doc t
chc nh sau:
- Danh sch trng: Cha cc ME m doc dng d n djnh trc s hop l ca
thip bj di dng.
V V!n Ti"n
13
di ng GSM
- Danh sch den: Cha cc ME ca MS m doc thng bo l bj mt cp hay bj
t chi phuc vu v mt s l do khc.
- Danh sch sm: Cha cc ME ca MS m c vn d (v du: li phn mm).
Tuy nhin chng cha d l do xc dng d da vo danh sch den.
d. Trung tm qun I mang
OMC cung cp kh nng phn phi vic qun l mang doc phn vng
ha theo phn cp ca mt h thng GSM hon chinh. NMC chju trch nhim cho
khai thc v bo dng mc mang. NMC nm dinh ca cu trc mang v
vng cp mang qun l ton cu.
e. Trung tm khai thc v bo dung
OMC cung cp mt din trung tm m t d diu khin v gim st cc
thc th khc ca mang (nh: cc tram co s, cc chuyn mach, co s d liu
.) cng nh gim st cht long djch vu m doc cung cp.

C hai Ioai OMC I:
- OMC (R): diu khin BSS.
- OMC (S): diu khin NSS.
OMC cung cp cc chc nng sau: - Qun l, cnh bo s kin.
- Qun l vic thc hin.
- Qun l cu hnh.
- Qun l an ton
V V!n Ti"n
14
di ng GSM
Chuong II : Cc giao din v thng tin trong h
thng GSM
2.1. Cc giao din ni b mang.
Hnh 2.1. h thng cc giao din ca mang GSM
2.2. Giao din v tuyn Um (MS - BTS).
Giao din v tuyn l giao din gi BTS v thit bj thu bao di dng MS.
y l giao din quan trng nht ca GSM, dng thi n quyt djnh ln nht
dn cht long djch vu.
Trong GSM, giao thc v tuyn s dung phong thc phn knh theo thi gian
v phn knh theo tn s: TDMA, FDMA, GSM s dung bng tn 00MH v
1800MH. dy ta xt GSM00.
V V!n Ti"n
15
SS
VLR AUC
HLR
BSS

ISDN
SSSD
N

ISDN
SSSD
N

ISDN
SSSD
N

ISDN
SSSD
N

ISDN
SSSD
N
VLR
MSC
EIR
BTS
BSC
MS
OMC
C
N!a" #"
N!a" #"
DDD
D
U
$ B
C
E
A%"&'
di ng GSM
Mi knh doc dc trng b mt tn s sng mang gi l knh tn s
RFCH
(Radio Frequency Channel) cho mi hng thu pht, cc tn s ny cch nhau
200KH.Tai mi tn s, TDMA lai chia thnh 8 khe thi gian hay 8 khe thi
gian doc truyn bi mt sng mang. Trong tong lai khi ng dung GSM pha
2 hay tc d Half-rate (bn tc) th s khe s l 1. Trong GSM00, mi knh
vt l l mt khe thi gian mt sng mang v tuyn doc chi djnh
Di thng tn mt knh vt l l 200KH, di tn bin cng rng 200KH.
Vi GSM00 c 124 knh tn s RFCH (80 1)Mh cho dng ln v
RFCH (3 0)Mh cho dng xung.
Ta c th tnh doc tn s trung tm cho dng ln v dng xung mi di
theo cng thc sau:
ng ln: FL(n) =80 + 0,2.n ( MH)
ng xung: FU(n) = FL(n) + 4MH ( MH)
Trong d n l s long di thng tn 1 n 124.
Mi knh vt l cha mt cp knh tn s RFCH cho mi hng thu, pht.
Mt knh doc dng d truyn mt nhm knh nht djnh thng tin doc gi l
knh logic. Mi knh vt l c th gn cho mt hoc mt s knh logic.
Knh logic doc phn thnh 2 loai: knh lu long TCH (Trafic Channel) v
knh diu khin CCH (Control Channel).
Knh lu long TCH mang thng tin thoai hoc s liu. C 2 loai knh lu
long:
Knh ton tc TCH/F: 22,8Kb/s
V V!n Ti"n
16
( )*(
960MH+
935MH+
915MH+ 890MH+
45MH+
( ,-(
di ng GSM
Knh bn tc TCH/H:11,4Kb/s
Knh diu khin CCH doc dng d truyn cc thng tin qun l giao din Um
(truyn kt qu do cng d trng t MS dn BTS) hoc cc gi s liu (nh
djch vu bn tin ngn SMS: (Short Message Service). knh diu khin c 3 loai:
Knh diu khin qung b BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel).
Knh diu khin chung CCCH (Common Control Channel).
Knh diu khin chuyn dung DCCH (Dedicate Control Channel).
Knh iu khin qung b BCCH: Pht thng tin qung b lin quan dn vng
djnh vj v cc thng tin v h thng. BCCH chi dng cho tuyn xung
(BTS MS):
- Knh hiu chinh tn s FCCH (Frequency Correction Channel): Hiu chinh tn
s trong MS vi tn s h thng (BTS MS)
- Knh dng b SCH (Synchronous Channel): SCH mang thng tin dng b
khung TDMA gia MS v tn s h thng. MS lun lun do dac cng d
trng cell ln cn d thng bo v h thng thng qua knh FACCH.
Cc thng tin dng b doc lu tr d khi MS chuyn giao xang cell khc th
n doc ti dng b.
Knh iu khin chung CCCH: Bao gm cc knh phuc vu cho qu trnh thit
lp cuc gi hoc tm gi cng nh qung b cc bn tin trong t bo. CCCH lm
vic cho c hng ln v hng xung:
- Knh diu khin truy cp ngu nhin RACH (Random Access Channel) MS
dng d truy cp v h thng d yu cu mt knh dnh ring SDCCH
- Knh tm gi PCH (Paging Channel): Mang thng tin d xc djnh mt MS
trong vng djnh vj thng qua s nhn dang MS d tm tram di dng
- Knh cho php truy nhp AGCH (Access Grant Channel): chi doc dng
dnng xung. AGCH doc dng d gn ti nguyn d chi djnh mt knh
dnh ring SDCCH cho MS.
- Knh qung b cell CBCH (Cell Broadcast Channel): CBCH doc dng d
truyn bn tin qung b ti tt c MS trong (cell) nh thng tin v lu long,
s dung knh vt l nh knh SDCCH.
V V!n Ti"n
17
di ng GSM
Knh iu khin chuyn dng DCCH: DCCH doc gn cho MS d thit lp
cuc gi v hop thc ho thu bao. DCCH bao gm :
- Knh diu khin chuyn dung don l SDCCH: (Stand alone Dedicate
Channel):dng cho c hng ln v hng xung, phuc vu cp nht v qu
trnh thit lp cuc gi trc khi mt knh lu long TCH doc chi djnh.
- Knh diu khin lin kt chm SACCH (Slow Assocated Control Channel):
Mi knh SACCH lin kt vi mt knh SDCCH hoc mt knh TCH d mang
thng tin v diu khin cng sut hoc chi thj cng d trng thu doc.
- knh diu khin lin kt nhanh FACCH (Fast ACCH): FACCH mang thng tin
v cp nht hoc chuyn giao, FACCH lin kt nhanh vi TCH ch d ly
cp Stealing mode. Bng cch thay di lu long ting hay s liu bng bo
hiu.
- Phong thc bo hiu trn giao din v tuyn s dung giao thc lp 2 trong
m hnh OS l LAPDm khng c chc nng bo hiu, sa sai, bn tin LAPD
m
phi dt va vo cc cum. Cn lp 3 (Lp ng dung), giao thc doc phn
thnh nhiu loai tu thuc vo chc nng mang:
2.3.Giao din AbitS d diu khin BTS (BSC----BTS) $
AbitS l giao din gia BTS v BSC, dt cch xa trn 10m (cu hnh dt xa)
doc s dung d trao di thng tin tc thu bao (thoai, s liu,) v thng tin diu
khin (dng b). AbitS s dung dng truyn chun PCM32 (2Mb/s) vi m sa
sai CRC4 ca CCTT, G732. Giao thc bo hiu theo chun CCTT l LAPD.
2.4. Giao din A (BSC----MSC) .
Giao din A l giao din gia BSC v MSC qua b chuyn di m TRAU c th
doc gn lin hay tch ri vi BSC. Cng ging nh diao din AbitS, giao din A
s dung cc lung chun PCM32 (2Mb/s) vi m sa sai CRC4 ca CCTT,
G703, bo hiu trn giao din l CCS7.
Cc h thng c TRAU dt tai BSC th knh lu long ti MSC l 4kb/s.
- Qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RR (Radio Resource Menagement): l vic
thit lp, duy tr, kt thc cuc ni ca djch vu di dng.
- Qun l di dng MM ( Mobile Menagement): Nhim vu chnh ca qun
l di dng MM l thc hin nhn thc v cp nht vj tr, cp pht lai TMS v
bo mt ca tram di dng
V V!n Ti"n
18
di ng GSM
- Qun l ni thng CM (nterconnection Menagement): qun l ni thng l lp
con cao nht trong cc lp con lp 3. Vic ny trao di cc mu tin gia
mang vi thu bao ch gi cng nh thu bao bj goi doc s l lp con
ny. Qun l ni thng doc chia thnh 3 phn:
+ iu khin cuc gi (Call Control).
+ H tro cc djch vu dc th SSS (Subplementery Service Support).
+ Djch vu bn tin ngn SMS (Short Messsage Service).
2.5. TRUYN SNG TRONG THNG TIN DI QNG GSM.
Trong thng tin di dng, d truyn thng tin v mang PLMN GSM ngi ta s
dung thit bj v tuyn . Bt c ai di lai bng xe v dng thi nghe di truyn thanh,
nghe din thoai, chc chn nhn thy rng cht long ca tn hiu thu doc thay
di theo thi gian v vn tc di chuyn ca xe. y l s vic gy kh chiu m ta
cn xt dn trong lnh vc thng tin v tuyn.
Trong chong ny ta s xt dn mt s vn d chnh xy ra lnh vc thng
tin v tuyn t ong cng vi cc bin php gii quyt vn d ny.
2.5.1. suy hao dung truyn v pha dinh.
Suy hao dng truyn l qu trnh m d tn hiu thu yu dn do khong
cch gi my di dng v tram gc ngy cng tng. i vi khng gian t do: L
khng gian gi anten pht T(x) v anten thu R(x) khng c vt cn, vi mt anten
cho trc th mt d cng sut thu t l nghjch vi bnh phong khong cch (d)
gia T(x) v R(x).
Suy hao khng gian t do:
Ls d
2
. f
2
.
Hay: L
s
= 32,4 + 20logf + 20logd (dB)
Trong d: L
s
: Suy hao trong khng gian t do.
f: Tn s lm vic (MH).
d: Khong cch gia anten thu v anten pht (km).
Do mt dt khng l tng, cng d tn hiu trung bnh gim t l vi dai
long nghjch do ca khong cch lu tha bc 4 (d
4
). Tuy nhin vn d ny
khng gy tr ngai di vi h thng v tuyn t ong, v khi mt lin lac ta phi thit
lp mt dng truyn mi qua mt tram gc khc.
V V!n Ti"n
19
di ng GSM
Trong thc t, gia tram di dng v tram gc thng c cha trng ngai vt
nh: di ni, to nh..iu nay dn dn hiu ng che khut lm gim cng d
tn hiu thu. Khi di dng cng vi my di dng cng d tn hiu gim v tng cho
d gia anten T(x) v R(x) c hay khng c trng ngai vt. y l mt loai pha
dinh. Cc ch gim doc gi l ch trng pha dinh. Loai pha dinh do hiu ng
che ti gy ra doc gi l pha dinh chun loga.
Do vy d thu bao cc thnh ph ln, di hi phi c nhiu tram thu pht
gc. Vic s dung tram di dng thnh ph gy ra hiu ng nhiu tia v doc gi
l pha dinh nhiu tia hay pha dinh Raileght. Hiu ng ny sy ra khi tn hiu
truyn nhiu dng t anten pht dn anten thu do tn hiu bj phn xa nhiu
dng. iu ny ngha l tn hiu thu c th l tng ca nhiu tn hiu ging nhau
nhng khc pha. Khi ta cng cc tn hiu ny nh l cng cc vecto, c th c
vecto gn bng khng, ngha l cng d tn hiu gn bng khng, dy l ch
trng pha dinh nghm trng.
Khong thi gian gia hai ch trng pha dinh phu thuc c vo tc d chuyn
dng cng nh tn s pht.
nhay my thu l mc tn hiu thp nht m my thu c th thu doc. Do
pha dinh sy ra trn dng truyn nn d dng truyn dn khng bj gin doan
th gi trj trung bnh chung phi ln hon d nhay my thu mt long (dB) bng
ch trng pha dinh manh nht, chng han (dB). Khi d ta cn d tr pha dinh
(dB).
2.5.2. Cc phuong php phng nga suy hao truyn dn do pha dinh.
2.5.2.1.Phn !"# $n!%n.
Phn tp tp s dung dng thi hai anten thu (hoc nhiu hon) chju nh
hng pha dinh dc lp, nim ny dn dn hai anten R(x) dc lp thu cng
mt tn hiu. V th chng chju tc dng ca cc dng bao pha dinh khc
V V!n Ti"n
20
di ng GSM
nhau. Tuy nhin khong cch gia cc anten phi d ln d tong tc gia
cc tin hiu hai anten l nh.
2.5.2.2. &hy !'n.
Nh d ni trn mu pha dinh phu thuc vo tn s. diu ny ngha l ch
trng pha dinh s xy ra cc vj tr khc nhau di vi cc tn s khc nhau.
V vy ta c th loi dung hin tong ny bng cch thay di tn s sng mang
trong mt s cc tn s. SFH dng mt b tng hop tn s c kh nng thay di
tn s mt ln trong mt khung. Nhy tn l mt mode tu la chon v pha BSC
m MS phi tun theo. MS doc bo v danh sch cc tn s s doc dng d
nhi tn. Cc knh logic cn bn khng c nhy tn: FCCH, SCH, BCCH. C 217
ln nhy tn trong 1 giy tc l 1200bit/1bc nhy.
2.5.2.(.)* h+ knh.
truyn dn, ngi ta thng do cht long ca tn hiu dng truyn bng
s long cc bit thu doc chnh xc. N doc biu din bng t s li bit BER
(Bit Error Rate) BER cng nh th cng tt.
Tuy nhin do dng truyn dn lun thay di nn ta khng th gim hon
ton xung khng ngha l phi cho php mt long li nht djnh v c kh
nng khi phuc li thng tin ny hay t nht c th pht hin cc li d khng
th s dung thng ti ny v nhm n l dng. iu ny dc bit quan trngkhi
pht di s liu.
Bng m ho knh ta c th pht hin v sa li lung bit thu. Ngha l c
mt loai d tha gia cc bit, ta m rng thng tin t mt s bit thnh mt s
long bit ln hon, tuy nhin ta phi gi di nhiu bit hon. Ta d bit du ra CODEC
l dng s 20bit/20ms, 20bit ny doc phn cp theo tm quan trng. Cc cp
khc nhau doc bo v khc nhau d cho vic bo v hiu qu nht.
V V!n Ti"n
21
L. I/ L. I% L. II
50%"& 132%"& 78%"&
L. I/ L. I%
50%"& 132%"&
3
4
M0 1!2 31" 4/ 424 %"&
,,!5 I/63%"& CRC
M0 1!2 #7( )!(
R8192: 385
C24 %"& 4. II
31;( 4( %!
#
di ng GSM
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check): M kim tra theo chu k.
3bit CRC d m ho khi cho cc bit cp a.
4bit o d khi tao lai b m ho
- Cp a: 0bit h s b lc, bin d nhm, thng s LTP.
- Cp b: 132bit con tr RPE, xung RPE, thng s LTP.
- Cp : 78bit xung RPE, thng s b lc.
M ho knh doc thc hin qua hai bc m ho khi (block Code) v m
ho vng xon (Convolutional Code). M khi l mt m chu k d pht hin li
cho 0bit cp a. Nu thm vo 3bit CRC th c th hu b ton b ca s st v
b ngoai suy s lp l trng ny.
M ho vng xon cho php sa sai li v doc php p dung cho cc bit cp
a, b. m ho xon b m ho tao ra khi cc bit m ho khng chi phu thuc
vo cc bit ca khi bn tin hin thi doc djch vo b m ho m cn phu thuc
vo cc khi bn tin trc.
C hai phong php trn du doc s dung GSM. Troc ht mt s bit
thng tin doc m ho khi d tao nn mt khi thng tin cc bit chn l (kim
tra). Sau d cc bit ny doc m xon d tao nn cc bit doc m ho. C hai
bc trn du p dung cho c thoai v s liu, mc d so d m ho cho chng
khc nhau. L do s dung m ho kp l v ta mun sa li nu c th (m ho
xon) v sau d c th nhn bit (m ho khi) xem liu thng tin bj li c dng
doc hay khng.
2.5.5.,. -u !./nh chuyn gi$+:
Khi mt tram di dng dang trang thi bn v dang chuyn dng ra xa dn
BTS m n dang doc ni dng v tuyn bng cc knh TCH v SACCH th
tn hiu thu gim dn. Lc ny MS qut v do dac tn hiu m MS nhn t BTS v
cc BTS ln cn. Cc BTS ln cn cng do dac cng d tn hiu m MS xt pht
dn. Khi d MSC c quyt djnh chuyn giao hay khng khi s l cc tin tc bo
V V!n Ti"n
22
C24 %"& <0 1!2=378%"&> 78%"&
Hnh 2.2. M ho khi v m ho vng xon di vi knh thoai
di ng GSM
co ni trn. cht long cuc gi doc dm bo th mang phi chuyn giao
sang cell ln cn c tn hiu manh hon. C hai trng hop chuyn giao sau:
- Chuyn giao bn trong (ntracell Handover).
- Chuyn giao gia cc (ntercell Handover).
Handover trong cng mt BSC:
1. Trong qu trnh gi MS lun lun do cng d trng v cht long knh
TCH ca mnh v cng d trng ca cc ln cn. MS ly gi trj trung
bnh kt qu do. Hai ln trong mt giy n gi kt qu do dn BTS cng vi
kt qu do ca cc ln cn tt nht.
2. BTS b sung thm kt qu do doc chnh knh TCH v gi bo co v
BSC. BSC chc nng djnh vj doc tch cc d qut djnh c cn chuyn
giao cuc gi dn khc do nhiu, cht long su hay khng.
Hnh 2.3. Chuyn giao cuc gi trong BSC.
3. Trng hop chuyn giao BSC s lnh cho BTS mi doc chn tch cc
mt knh TCH
4. Lnh cho BTS ny gi bn tin dn MS thng bo v tn s v khe thi gian
cn chuyn dn.
. MS diu chinh tn s mi v gi bn tin thm nhp chuyn giao (HO). MS
khng s dung s djnh thi trc no c, Vy HO ngn chi c 8bit.
. MS nhn cng sut s dung knh FACCH ly cp t knh ting.
V V!n Ti"n
23
BSC
MS
BTS
2
4
1
7
3
8
4
5
6
7
di ng GSM
7. BSC nhn thng tin t BTS l chuyn giao thnh cng khi MS gi bn tin hon
thnh chuyn giao.
8. ng ting trong chuyn mach nhm thay di v BTS c ra lnh tho g
TCH c cng vi knh lin kt SACCH.
V V!n Ti"n
24
di ng GSM
2.5.5.5. -u !./nh cu0c g1i.
Cuc gi dn MS s doc djnh tuyn dn MSC/VLR noi MS dng k. Khi
d MSC/VLR s gi mt thng bo tm gi dn MS. Thng bo ny doc pht
qung b trn ton vng djnh vj LA, ngha l tt c cc tram thu pht gc BTS
trong LA s gi thng bo tm gi dn MS. Khi chuyn dng LA v Nghe
thng tin CCCH, MS s nghe thy thng bo tm gi v tr li ngay lp tc.
V V!n Ti"n
25
di ng GSM
Chuong III : Tng quan v bo hiu s 7
3.1.Gii thiu v mang bo hiu s. (CCS7)
Trong mang vin thng th bo hiu doc coi l phong tin d truyn thng
tin v chi thj t mt dim ny ti mt dim khc hay t mt thit bj du cui ny
dn thit bj du cui khc. Trong d cc thng tin v chi thj du c th lin quan
dn thit lp, gim st v gii phng cuc gi.
Tp dng truyn
Bo hiu
:Kt ni ting
:ng truyn bo hiu
Ic k9 hi!3T
SP: Signalling Point = im bo hiu
STP: Signalling Transfer Point = im truyn bo hiu
Hnh 3.1. Mang bo hiu.
H thng bo hiu ni chung doc chia lm hai loai sau:
- Bo hiu dng dy thu bao (Subcriber Signalling).
- Bo hiu lin tng di (nterswitching).
V V!n Ti"n
26
ST?
S
?
S
?
T( d@" B
T( d@" C T( d@" A
di ng GSM
(.1.1.B+ hi2u 34ng dy !hu b$+ (Subcriber Loop Signalling).
L bo hiu thc hin gia thu bao v tng di ni hat m thu bao doc ni
ti. V du nh trong mang PLMN th d l loai bo hiu gim st trang thi bt, tt,
m mi quay s..
(.1.2.B+ hi2u !5ng 6i (nter Exchange Signalling).
Bo hiu tng di l bo hiu gia cc tng di vi nhau. V du bo hiu thng
bo trang thi bn, ri ca cc dng trung k, bo hiu tc nghn ca tng di,
bo hiu gia cc m s thu bao bj gi..
Bo hiu gia cc tng di c th chia lm hai loai tu thuc chc nng ca
bo hiu d:
- Bo hiu dng dy (Line Signalling): doc s dung trong ton b cuc gi,
c trc nng gim st trang thi dng dy. V du bo hiu ny cho bit trang
cuae dng trung k nh bn hay ri.
- Bo hiu thanh ghi (Register Signalling): bo hiu ny doc s dung trong
pha thit lp gi d chun cc thng tin dja chi v thuc tnh thu bao.
3.1.3.Cc chc nng ca bo hiu.
Cc chc nng bo hiu khng k l bo hiu dng dy hay l bo hiu lin
tng di m n doc chia ra cc chc nng nh sau:
- Chc nng gim st.
- Chc nng tm gi.
- Chc nng vn hnh.
Ch7c n8ng gi9 :!.
oc s dung d nhn bit s thay di v trang thi hoc diu kin ca mt
s phn t, phn nh tnh trang bt, tt my ca thu bao.
- Bt my chim.
- Bt my tr li.
- Tn hiu gii phng hng di.
- Tn hiu gii phng hng v.
- Bo hiu gim st dng dy trung k.
- Bo hiu thng bo dng dy trung k ri.
V V!n Ti"n
27
di ng GSM
- Bo hiu thng bo chim dng dy trung k.
Cc tn hiu vi cc chc nng gim st nhn bit mi s thay di t trang thi
ri xang trang thi bn v ngoc lai.
Cc chc nng tm gi.
Cc chc nng ny c lin quan dn th tuc thit lp cuc gi v khi du
bng vic thu bao ch gi bt my, quay s gi cc thng tin dja chi ca th bao
bj gi. Cc thng tin ny doc truyn ti tng di cng vi cc thng tin khc nh
thng tin diu khin.
Cc chc nng tm gi lin quan dn vic thit lp v du ni cho mt cuc gi
m trc tip l thi gian tr quay s d l khong thi gian k t khi thu bao ch
gi hon thnh vic quay s dn khi thu bao d nhn doc tn hiu hi m
chung. Trong khi d thi gian tr l mt tiu chun cn thit m cc thit bj tng
di hng ti d thm nhp trc tip vo mang c hiu qu. u cu dt ra trong
tng di l chc nng ny phi c hiu qu, d tin cy cao d dm bo chnh xc
chc nng chuyn mach thit lp cuc gi.
Chc nng vn hnh mang.
Chc nng ny c lin quan trc tip ti qu trnh s l cuc gi do d gip
cho vic s dung mang c hiu qu bao gm:
- Bo hiu nhn bit tc nghn xy ra trong mang sau d truyn thng tin trong
mang. Thng thng dy l thng tin v trang thi dng truyn t tng di
bj tc nghn cho tng di ch gi.
- Thng bo v trang thi li ca cc thit bj, cc dng trung k dang lm vic
hay dang bo dng.
- Cung cp thng tin v tnh cc.
- Cung cp cc phong tin d dnh gi, dng chinh cnh bo t cc tnh di
khc.
3.2. H thng bo hiu.
3.2.1. H thng bo hiu R - 2.
H thng bo hiu R-2 l h thng bo hiu da tn doc CCTT thit k cho
chc nng trao di thng tin gia cc tng di trong mang s hay mang hn hop
V V!n Ti"n
28
di ng GSM
s - tong t. Trong d mi tn hiu trao di l t hop ca mt cp tn s. R-2
gm hai loai tn hiu:
- Tn hiu bo hiu dng: gm tn hiu chim dung, gim st gii phng.
- Tn hiu bo hiu thanh ghi (Register): gm cc tn hiu lin quan dn chc
nng tm chn, khai thc.
3.2.2. Bo hiu dung.
Cc tn hiu bo hiu dng hng di bao gm:
- Tn hiu chim dng.
- Tn hiu gii phng hng di.
Cc tn hiu bo hiu dng hng v bao gm:
- Tn hiu xc nhn chim.
- Tn hiu tr li.
- Tn hiu gii phng hng v.
- Tn hiu kho h thng bo hiu R2 doc thit k sao cho c th thch ng
dng cho c h thng tong t (Analog) v h thng s (Digital).
3.2.3. Bo hiu thanh ghi:
Cc tn hiu bo hiu hng di bao gm:
- Thng tin con s dja chi gi.
- Thuc tnh thu bao ch gi.
- Thng bo kt thc gi dja chi bj gi.
- Thng tin v s thu bao ch gi cho tnh cc chi tit.
Cc tn hiu bo hiu hng v bao gm:
- Tn hiu thng bo tng di bj gi sn sng nhn cc s dja chi ca thu bao bj
gi.
- Cc tn hiu diu khin: xc nhn kiu ca thng tin.
- Thng tin kt thc qu trnh tm gi.
- Thng tin v tnh cc.
3.2.4. Nguyn I truyn bo hiu.
V V!n Ti"n
29
di ng GSM
Trong qu trnh kt ni cuc gi t tng di ch gi dn tng di bj gi th c
th c mt vi tng di khc nhau cng tham gia vo vic ni thng. Do d vic
truyn thng tin bo hiu gia tng di ch gi v tng di bj gi doc chia lm 3
loai:
Ur3<7n 5o hi!3 t@ng chVng WMink X< MinkY$
l kiu bo hiu m trong d cc thng tin bo hiu thanh ghi doc truyn
ln lot qua tng di trung gian trong qu trnh djnh tuyn cuc gi. Khi mt tng
di no d d nhn dy d cc bo hiu thanh ghi th cc thng tin bo hiu thanh
ghi tng di trc n s doc gii phng. Cc thao tc ny thng doc thc
hin tng di trung chuyn kt ni cuc gi.
Ur3<7n 5o hi!3 ki:3 13<n >3?t$
L kiu bo hiu m cc tng di trung gian chi nhn cc thng tin cn thit do
tng di ch gi gi dn d thc hin djnh tuyn cuc gi. Nh vy s dja chi thu
bao s doc truyn xuyn sut t tng di ch gi dn tng di bj gi. Vi kiu
truyn bo hiu kiu ny cho php truyn bo cuc gi cho php nhanh hon so
vi kiu bo hiu tng chng, lm giamr thi gian tr quay s.
Zi:3 5o hi!3 hDn h'p WMi1&#Y$
L kiu truyn bo hiu dja chi t tng di ch gi dn tng di bj gi dng kt
hop ga hai kiu bo hiu trn.
3.3. H thng bo hiu s 7 .
3.3.1.So Iuc v bo hiu s 7.
Nhng nm 10, khi cc tng di doc diu chinh bng trong trnh lu tr
doc da vo s dung trong mang thoai d ny sinh yu cu cn phi c mt
phong thc bo hiu mi vi nhiu dc tnh u vit hon so vi cc phong thc
c din. Trong phong thc ny, cc dng s liu tc d cao doc ni gia cc
b s l ca tng di SPC d mang mi thng tin bo hiu.
Cc dng trung k
u cui u cui
V V!n Ti"n
30
Ma(
41*A(
<a41
Ma(
41*A(
<a41
M?
M?
di ng GSM
ng bo hiu
Hnh 3.2. Bo hiu CCS7.
Cc tng di SPC cng vi cc dng bo hiu tao thnh mt mang bo hiu
chuyn mach gi ring bit.
Nm 18 CCTT da ra khuyn nghj v h thng bo hiu knh chung, v
du tin l bo hiu CCS.
Nm 17/80, CCTT gii thiu h thng bo hiu knh chung mi CCS7,
CCS7 mi doc thit k cho mang quc gia v quc t s dung cc trung k s,
tc d 4kbps.
3.3.2. Vai tr ca h thng bo hiu s 7 (CCS7).
H thng bo hiu knh lin k CSA (Channel Associated Signalling) s dung
chung mt dng truyn cho c tn hiu bo hiu v d liu nn han ch v tc
d truyn d liu cng nh tc d truyn thoai v th m tc d truyn bo hiu
cng khng th nng cao doc.
H thng bo hiu knh chung s 7 vi nhng u dim khc phuc doc
nhng nhoc dim ca bo hiu lin knh. N thch hop cho c thng tin dng k
thut tong t v thng tin dng k thut s. Trong h thng bo hiu knh chung
CCS ny cc dng bo hiu doc tch ri ring bit vi cc dng trung k ca
mang d liu thng tin nn c nhng u dim sau:
- oc chun ho theo tiu chun quc t nn rt d dng p dung vo mang
bo hiu ca tng quc gia.
- Tc d truyn d liu cao, c th dat ti tc d 4kb/s bng tc d truyn tin
hay cng c th truyn vi tc d thp hon d thc hin bo hiu cho cc
dng trung k tong t. Do vy d rt ngn thi gian thit lp cuc gi.
- Dung long truyn bo hiu ln do mt dng bo hiu c th cho php
mang bo hiu vi nghn cuc gi cng mt lc.
- Tnh kinh t: Do mang bo hiu knh chung CCS7 so vi cc mang bo hiu
khc cn t thit bj hon nn chi ph t hon.
V V!n Ti"n
31
CCS
CCS
di ng GSM
- H thng bo hiu knh chung CCS7 s dung dng dy bo hiu ring bit
vi dng truyn tin nn n c th thch hop cho cc djch vu vin thng phi
thoai khc nh truyn s liu, Fax, my tnh.
- tin cy cao do CCS7 s dung dng truyn bo hiu d phng.
- Tnh mm do: Do h thng bo hiu ny gm rt nhiu loai tn hiu v vy c
th s dung cho nhiu muc dch khc nhau dp ng cho nhiu loai mang
khc nhau nh:
Mang thng tin di dng mt dt PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network).
Mang chuyn mach thoai cng cng PSTN (Public Switching Telephone
Network).
Mang s liu da djch vu SDN (ntergreted Service Digital Network).
Mang tr tu N (ntelligent Network).
3.3.3. Cu trc mang bo hiu s 7.
H thng bo hiu s 7 doc thit k tch ri khi mang din thoai. Mang ny
dng d chuyn mach v truyn di cc bn tin bo hiu dang gi phuc vu cho thit
lp, gii phng cc cuc gi. Phong thc truyn bo hiu trong mang cng nh
truyn t mang ny sang mang khc du doc thc hin trn dng truyn .2.
Cc thnh phn bo hiu trong mang CCS7 bao gm cc dim bo hiu SP v
cc dng bo hiu kt ni cc dim bo hiu vi nhau
V V!n Ti"n
32
ST?
ST? ST?
ST?
SS?
SS?
SS?
SS?
SS?
SS?
SS?
SS?
S?C
SS?: "< 41*A( <a41 Bj41 #u
S?C: M0 d"< %2! 1"*
ST?: "< 41*A( &". %2! 1"*
di ng GSM
Hnh 3.3. Cu trc chung mang bo hiu s 7.
im bo hiu SP (Signalling Point). L noi thc hin chc nng kt ni mach
thoai trong mt tng di hay thc hin chuyn mach d kt ni mach thoai t tng
di ny dn tng di khc bng vic:
Pht di cc bn tin bo hiu, s l cc bn tin bo hiu do cc dim bo hiu
khc gi ti.
Kh nng truy cp d liu vo mt h thng trong mang. H thng du cui
ny phi c kh nng nhn cc bn tin, djnh hng ti co s d liu tong
ng dng thi phi c kh nng duy tr vic truyn bn tin t mang bo hiu
CCS7 vo mi trng co s d liu mt cch tin cy.
Ic i:m 5o hi!3 R[ thng 'c ph4n chia lm \ loiT
.
(.(.,. Cc kiu b+ hi2u !.+ng CC;<.
trao di thng tin vi nhau gia hai dim bo hiu. Mang s dung 3 kiu
bo hiu khc nhau tu theo tuyn ni bo hiu v knh thoai m n phuc vu.
Mo#& 5o hi!3 knh k;t h'p W]>>ociat&# RignallingY$
Trong phong thc ny th tn hiu bo hiu v tn hiu thoai doc truyn
trn cc knh khc nhau nhng cng truyn di t dim bo hiu ny dn dim
bo hiu khc. Phong thc bo hiu ny khng ti u, khng l tng v n
di hi phi c dng bo hiu t tng di ny ti tng di khc trong mang.

: Kt ni ting.
: ng truyn bo hiu.
Hinh 3.4. Kiu bo hiu kt hp.
V V!n Ti"n
33
S
?
S
?
S?C
di ng GSM
Zi:3 5i hi!3 kh)ng k;t h'p W^on ]>>ociat&# RignallingY$
Trong trng hop ny, cc bn tin bo hiu gia hai dm bo hiu doc
truyn trn mt hoc nhiu tp hop qu giang STP khc nhau di vi tuyn
thoai. Trong khi knh thoai doc kt ni trc tip t tng di ny dn tng di
kia.
Hnh 3.5. Kiu bo hiu khng kt hp.
Xo hi!3 t.a k;t h'p WE3a>i ]>>ociat&# RignallingY$
Trong trng hop bo hiu ny th dng bo hiu doc chn truyn ti
dch l ngn nht. Do d c th coi l trng hop ring ca bo hiu khng
kt hop. Do Vy thi gian tr l nh nht.
Hnh 3.6. Kiu bo hiu ta kt hp.
(.(.5. Cc 34ng b+ hi2u.
Cc dng d liu doc gi tn theo chc nng, vj tr kt ni cc dim bo
hiu trn mang. Khng c s khc nhau thc cht trong mang m chi khc nhau
v loai bn tin m n truyn di vi cch thc qun l mang tc dng dn n. Tt
c cc dng bo hiu CCS7 doc ni vi nhau bng cc dng d liu bo
V V!n Ti"n
34
ST?
ST? ST?
SS
?
SS
?
ST?
SS
?
ST?
SS
?
di ng GSM
hiu vi tc d kbps (theo tiu chun bc M) hoc 4kbps (theo tiu chun
Chu u), vi tc d 4,8kb/s (l ca Nht Bn). Cc dng bo hiu l hai chiu,
s dung c pht v thu kp d thc hin truyn dn dng thi. Trong d tp hop
cc dng bo hiu ni trc tip hai dim bo hiu lin k vi nhau doc gi l
cum (Link set). Khi mt dng bo hiu trong mt cum bj li th thit bj chuyn
mach s chuyn lu long trn dng bo hiu bj li sang dng bo hiu khc
trong cng mt cum. Trong d ti da mt cum l 1 dng bo hiu. Ngoi cc
dong bo hiu, cum bo hiu th trong mang bo hiu s 7 cn phn bit tuyn
bo hiu (Signalling-Route) bao gm vic djnh tuyn bo hiu t mt dim bo
hiu ny dn mt dim bo hiu bt k trong mang. Trong qu trnh hoat dng nu
mt tuyn bo hiu no d bj li th s doc thay th bng mt tuyn khc ngay
lp tc d dm bo cc bn tin bo hiu lun dn dch an ton. Mi mt dch l
mt dja chi c trong bng tao tuyn ca mt nt mang.
Tp hop cc tuyn bo hiu cho php kt ni hai dim bt k trong mang gi l
cum tuyn (Route Set).
Hnh 3.7. Su Ioai hnh bo hiu dng trong CCS7.
V V!n Ti"n
35
ST?
ST?
ST? ST?
ST? ST?
SC? SC?
A A
C
D D
E
A
B
B
C C
A
A
$
E
di ng GSM
=34ng !.uyn b+ hi2u kiu > (Asccess Link).
ng kt ni gia SSP vi STP hay kt ni gia SCP vi STP dng ny
dng d truy cp vo dng truyn d liu trong mang thng qua STP. Do
trong mang bo hiu CCS7 cc dim bo hiu thng doc thit k theo kiu
d phng nn tai mt dim bo hiu thng c t nht hai dng bo hiu kiu
A doc kt ni vi mt cp STP l 32 dng.
=34ng !.uyn b+ hi2u kiu B (Bridge Link).
ng B dng d ni mt cp STP d phng ny ti mt cp STP d phng
khc. Mi cp STP ny c th c ti da l 8 dng bo hiu kiu B.
=34ng !.uyn b+ hi2u kiu C (Cross link).
ng C dng d ni cc cp STP trong mt cp STP d phng. Khi mang
lm vic bnh thng th cc dng truyn kiu C chi lm nhim vu truyn di cc
bn tin qun l mang gia STP. Khi c hin tong tc nghn trong mang m chi
cn mi dng truyn bo hiu kiu C th lc ny cc bn tin trong mang mi c
th doc php truyn trn dng bo hiu ny.Ti da kiu C gm 8 dng d ni
gia STP trong mt cp.
=34ng !.uyn b+ hi2u kiu D (Diagonal link).
ng truyn bo hiu kiu D dng d kt ni cp STP mc co bn vi mt
cp STP mc th cp. Chi khi c s phn cp v mang th mi c dng ny.
Nhim vu ca n ging nh kiu dng B, s long ln nht l cho php kt ni
cp STP vi mt cp STP mc cao hon 8 dng.
=34ng !.uyn b+ hi2u kiu ? (Extended Link).
ng truyn bo hiu kiu E dng d kt ni mt cp STP xa (Remote
STP) vi mt cp SSP. Khi mt cawp STP bj tc nghn th dng ny lm nhim
vu truyn bn tin bo hiu thay cho dong kiu A d dm bo vic thng sut tn
hiu bo hiu. S dng truyn bo hiu kiu E c th du ti dch STP xa l
1 dng.
=34ng !.uyn b+ hi2u kiu @ (Fully Associated Link).
Vic truyn bn tin gia hai tng di vi lu long ln khi d lu long truyn
bn tin gia hai SSP l ln th lc d gi hai SSP s doc ni bng dng bo
hiu kiu F cho php truyn bm tin trc tip vi nhau, hoc khi SSP khng th
V V!n Ti"n
36
di ng GSM
kt ni doc vi STP th cng thit lp dong kiu F. ng ny cho php thm
nhp vo co s d liu trong mang CCS7.
Khi thit lp dng ti STP hoi kh khn th chi c cc th tuc thit lp, gii
phng cuc gi gia hai tng di mi truyn trn dng bo hiu kiu ny.
3.4. S tuong ng gia CCS7 v m hnh OSI.
CCS7 doc CCTT cng b vo du nm 180. Cng mm ny t chc
tiu chun quc t (SO) d gii thiu m hnh OS. CCS7 l kiu thng tin
chuyn mach gi, c cu trc gn ging vi m hnh OS.
Bo hiu s 7 c 4 mc, 3 mc thp hop thnh phn chuyn bn tin MTP,
Mc th t gm cc phn ng dung hay c th phn ra 2 phn chnh:
- Phn cung cp djch vu cho ngi s dung.
- Phn truyn bn tin MTP (Message Transfer Part).
Trong d MTP doc phn ra lm 3 mc tong ng vi 3 phn lp trong m
hnh OS.
MTP-1: Tong ng vi lp vt l.
MTP-2: Tong ng vi lp lin kt d liu.
MTP-3: Tong ng vi lp mang.
OSI
4
3
2
1
V V!n Ti"n
37
( Bu(
TCD(1 %@A
L. .1"-(
TC*A( &"
L. <a(
L"-( 3& B ,"* L. #& ,E
L. <a(
L. ,"-( 3& B ,"*
TU? ISU?
TCA?
TCA?
OMA?
MT?
di ng GSM
Hnh 3.. Mi quan h gia CCS7 v OSI.
3.5. Cu trc phn truyn ti bn tin MTP.
MTP l phn chung cho tt c ngi s dung, n bao gm cc lp lin kt s
liu bo hiu (lp 1) v h thng diu khin chuyn bn tin.
H thng diu khin chuyn bn tin lai doc chi lm 2 phn: Chc nng lin kt
bo hiu (Lp 2) v chc nng mang bo hiu (Lp 3).
Lp 4 Lp 3 Lp 2 Lp 1
Phn truyn bn tin-MTP
: Bn tin bo hiu.
: iu khin bo hiu.
Hnh 3.. Cu trc chung cc chc nng h thng bo hiu.
MTP dm bo truyn ti v phn phi thng tin ca phn ngi s dung qua
mang bo hiu CCS7. N cng c kh nng phn ng cc s c ca mang v h
thng khi cc s c ny nh hng dn thng tin ca cc UP v kh nng da ra
cc bin php cn thit d dm bo truyn cc thng tin mt cch tin cy. Phn
ngi s dung MTP l: SDN-UP, TUP, SCCP, v DUP.
V V!n Ti"n
38
L"-( 3& %2! 1"*
C14((
,"-( 3&
%2! 1"*
L"-( 3&
B ,"*
%2! 1"*
C14 (( <a( %2! 1"*
C1*A( &". %(
&"( %2! 1"*
"* 31"(
<a( %2! 1"*
U?'
di ng GSM

V V!n Ti"n
39
di ng GSM
Hnh 3.1. MTP I mi trung truyn dn chung gia cc ngui s dng.
Ic k9 hi!3T
TUP: Phn ngi s dung din thoai (Telephone Use Part).
DUP: Phn ngi s dung s liu (Data Uer Part).
SUP-UP: Phn ngi s dung SDN (SDN Use Part).
SCCP: Phn diu khin ni thng bo hiu (Signalling Connec Control Part).
TCAP: Phn ng dung cc kh nng trao di (Trnsction Capabilities
Application Part).
MAP: Phn ng dung di dng (Mobile Application Part).
BSSAP: Phn ng dung tram gc (Base Station System Application Part).
Cc ch7c n8ng cA$ )BP 3Cc chi$ !h6nh cc 97c ch7c n8ng :$u:
- MTP lp 1: cc chc nng dng truyn s liu bo hiu.
- MTP lp 2: cc chc nng dng truyn.
- MTP lp 3: cc chc nng mang bo hiu.
3.6. Cc chc nng dung truyn s Iiu bo hiu MTP - 1
3.6.1.Lin kt bo hiu MTP-1.
Lp ny xc djnh cc dc tnh chc nng din v vt l ca mt dng truyn
s liu bo hiu v phong tin d thm nhp dn dng truyn bo hiu ny.
y l mt dng truyn dn song phong cc bn tin bo hiu gia hai dim
V V!n Ti"n
40
MT?
MT?
TU?
DU?
ISSDF
U?
SCC TCA?
MA?
BSSA
TU?
DU?
ISSDF
U?
SCC TCA? MA?
BSSA
T( d@" A T( d@" B
di ng GSM
bo hiu. N doc tao ra t mt knh truyn dn s 4kb/s v cc tng di s hay
cc thit bj du cui dm bo giao tip vi cc du cui bo hiu.
Hnh 3.11. Lin kt bo hiu MTP-1.
Ic k9 hi!3T
ETC: Mach du cui tng di.
PCD-D: Mach ghp knh s (lung 4kb/s).
GSD: Thit bj chuyn mach nhm.
ST-7: u cui bo hiu s 7.
ng truyn bo hiu doc truyn qua thit bj truyn mach nhm GSD theo
lnh ca tng di sau d doc ni thng bn vnh cu. Thit bj m ho s (PCD-
D) phn chia/ ghp lung 2Mb/s thnh cc lung 4kb/s ni vi cc du bo hiu
ST-.
3.6.2. Cc chc nng dung truyn bo hiu MTP - 2:
S liu nhn doc t dng truyn s liu doc bin di vo cc tn hiu
tong ng, sau d doc s l lp 2 ca MTP, lp ny kim tra s liu d sa
v pht hin cc li xy ra trn dng truyn. Cc chc nng dng truyn s l
bo hiu lu long trn dng truyn bo hiu v doc thc hin du cui bo
hiu s 7. Cc chc nng lp 2 cng ging nh dng truyn s liu lp 1 tao
nn vt mang d cung cp dng tuyn bo hiu tin cy cho cc bn tin gia hai
dim bo hiu. Khi bn tin lp cao hon doc truyn trn dng bo hiu bng
cc khi bn tin c d di thay di. dm bo truyn tin cy, khi chc nng
V V!n Ti"n
41
GSD
GSD
ETC ETC
?CDFD
STF7
?CDFD
STF7
( &C*A( ' ,"* %2!
1"*
643%9'
0 1 31 0 1 31
GSD
H-(1 %2!
1"*
H-(1 %2! 1"* 2M%9'
M41 M42 M42
di ng GSM
C7ST cha cc chc nng d gii han cc khi tn hiu, d trnh vic lp lai c,
d pht hin li, d sa li v d gim st dng truyn s liu bo hiu.
Khun mu bn tin bo hiu.
Vi cc loai thng tin bo hiu ca phn ngi s dung (User Part) doc
truyn trn dng bo hiu bng cc don vj bo hiu (SU) vi 3 loai bn tin co
bn:
on vj tn hiu bn tin MSU (Message Signalling Unit).

8 1 8n,n>=2 8 2 1 7 1 7 8
on vj tn hiu trang thi dng truyn LSSU (Link Status Signal Unit).
8 1 8hay1 2 1 7 1 7 8
on vj tn hiu dm FSU (Fill n Signal Unit).
8 1 2 1 7 1 7 8
Hnh 3.12. Cc don v[ tn hiu trong CCS7.
Ic k9 hi!3T
BB: Bt chi thj ngoc (Back ndicator Bit).
L: Chi thj d di (Length ndicator).
BSN: S trnh t ngoc (Backward Sequence Number).
n: S Byte SF (Number).
CK: Cc bit kim tra (Check Bit).
SF: Trng trang thi (Status Field).
F: C (Flag).
FB: Bit chi thj thun (Forward ndicator Bit).
V V!n Ti"n
42
$ B
$ CH SI$ SIO LI I $SN I BSN $
B B
$ B
$ CH S$ LI I $SN I BSN $
B B
$ B
$ CH LI I $SN I BSN $
B B
TC*A( %I& &1
(1&
TC*A( %I& &1
(1&
TC*A( %I& &1
(1&
di ng GSM
SF: Trng thng tin bo hiu (Signalling nformation Field).
SO: Bit thng tin djch vu (Service nformation Octet).
FSN: S trnh t thun (Forward Sequence Number).
FB v FSN: phuc vu chiu pht bn tin tn hiu dn phn t nhn.
L: chi thj d di, s byte (Length ndicator) ca khi gia CK v L
BB v BSN: phuc vu vic xc nhn (phc dp) l d nhn doc bn tin cho
phn t pht bit.
F (Flag) c: L mt mu tin gm 8 bit d chi thj m du v kt thc mt khi tn
hiu, pha pht tao ra c c mu 01111110 (7E).
CK (Check Bit) Bt kim tra: Lp 2 ca MTP chi chuyn ln lp 3 cc bn tin
dng. Cc bt kim tra ny doc tao ra pha pht bng cch thc hin mt
thut ton dc bit, v pha thu cng s dung thut ton ny d kim tra. V
th khi ny c 1 bit kim tra pht hin li.
SF (Signalling nformation Field): Trng thng tin bo hiu bn tin MSU.
Bo hiu truyn ti thng tin t phn ngi s dung. N gm c nhn djnh
tuyn cung cp thng tin cho lp 3 djnh tuyn phn ngi s dung pha thu
dn tng mach ring. di ca SF yu cu ln hon 2 Octet v gii han c
th 2 Octet 272 Octet (1 Octet = 8bit).
SO Byte thng tin djch vu: oc chia thnh chi thj djch vu v trng djch vu
con.
Chi thj djch vu d chi djnh bn tin bo hiu ng vi mi ngi s dung ring
bit ca mt MTP.
Trng phn djch vu chi thj v mang.
BSN: S tun t ngoc (Backward Sequence Number): Khi nhn doc bn tin
bo hiu n xem bn tin c li th phc dp (d cng nhn bn tin d nhn
doc).
BB: Bt chi thj ngoc (Back ndicator Bit): Dng d khi phuc bn tin bj li
trong qu trnh truyn bn tin bo hiu. Khi pha thu nhn doc bn tin n s
kim tra v phc dp. Lc d pha pht s thc hin pht lai th gi trj bit BB
s doc ly gi trj do k t bn tin d tr di.
V V!n Ti"n
43
di ng GSM
FSN: S trnh t hng di (Forward Sequence Number): khi phuc lai bn
tin bj li. N chi ra bn tin ny l doc pht ln du tin hay l bn tin doc
pht lai.
C 4 trng FB, FSN, BB, BSN tao thnh trng sa li 1 bit dng d
sa cc bn tin bo hiu.
L: Chi thj d di (Length ndicator): C gi trj trong khong 0 dn 3 doc
dng d chi thj cc byte dng sau trng chi thj d di, trc cc bit kim tra
v cng d chi thj dang khi tn hiu:
Nu: L = 0 L tn hiu thay th (FSU).
L = 1 hoc 2 on vj trang thi dng dy LSSU.
L>2 L do vj tn hiu bn tin (MSU).
SF: Trng trang thi (Status Field): N c th l 8 hoc 1 bit
Hnh 3.13. Trung trang thi FS.
%_n v8 t(n hi!3 5n tin MR`T
Mang thng tin diu khin cuc gi, qun l mang vin thng v bo
dng.
%_n v8 t(n hi!3 trng thi ng tr3<7n MRR`$
Cung cp cc chi thj v trang thi dng truyn s liu cng mt s chi thj
cc dng truyn trung k. Khi khi tao ln du v khi phuc lai cc dng
bo hiu. Cn khi bj s c th h thng dng chinh bt du gi di.
%_n v8 t(n hi!3 tha< th; aFR`$
V V!n Ti"n
44
TC( &Ca( &12" $S
=81!4 16 %"&>
D .17( CBA C1i &1j &Ca( &12"
41/ 000 M& d( 41i(1
' Bu( 001 BD(1 &1(
010 TCa( &12" 31(
011 H1;( 1!a& d(
100 S 4 % ' ,E
101 B(
di ng GSM
Bn tjn ny thng doc truyn di khi cc don vj tn hiu MSU, LSSU
khng truyn trn mang. Vi nhim vu nhn cc thng bo tc thi v s c
trn mang.
3.6.3. Cc chc nng dung truyn mang bo hiu Ip 3 MTP - 3.
Cc chc nng lin kt mang bo hiu ca MTP 3 doc m t nh hnh sau:

: Chuyn tip bo hiu.
: iu khin bo hiu.

Hnh 3.14. Cc chc nng bo hiu MTP-3.
MTP-3 s l cc chc nng bo hiu. C th chia cc chc nng thnh 2 loai:
Chc nng s l bn tin bo hiu v chc nng qun l mang bo hiu.
Ch7c n8ng :D EF bn !in b+ hi2u:
C th phn phi cc bn tin t ngi s dung dn ngi s dung bng mt
dng truyn bo hiu ni trc tip t dim pht ti dim thu hay c th gi
bn tin ny qua cc dim truyn bo hiu trung gian. Cc chc nng bo hiu
ny da trn nhn djnh tuyn. l bn tin gm 3 loai :
- Chc nng djnh tuyn bn tin: Nhm xc djnh dng truyn d gi di trc
tip.
V V!n Ti"n
45
?1( &C*A( %( &"( MT?
L"-( 3& %2! 1"*
C14((
,"-( 3&
%2! 1"*
L"-( 3&
B ,"*
%2! 1"*
C14 (( <a( %2! 1"*
C1*A( &". %(
&"( %2! 1"*
"* 31"(
<a( %2! 1"*
di ng GSM
- Chc nng phn loai bn tin: xc djnh bn tin thu doc l bn tin cn
nhn hay khng phi nhn.
- Chc nng phn phi bn tin : oc s dung d phn phi bn tin thu doc
dn phn ngi s dung.
Ch7c n8ng qun EF 9Gng b+ hi2u: HgI9 ( ch7c n8ng ).
Cn phi c qun l mang bo hiu khi c s c th chc nng ny lm
nhng cng vic:
- iu khin lu long trong trng hop nghn n doc thc hin khi
qun l dim thu C7DP (C7 Destination Management), qun l tp dng
truyn C7SL (C7 Link Set Management) v qun l dng truyn bo hiu
C7SL (C7 Signalling Management).
- Qun l dng truyn bo hiu: thng bo rng d sy ra s thay di
vic djnh tuyn bn tin do dng truyn bo hiu bj s c. Lc d mang phi
gn thng tin v dng truyn cn s dung.
- Qun l djnh tuyn bo hiu: L d djnh tuyn bn tin d xc djnh bn tin ra
ri gi di tip.
V V!n Ti"n
46
di ng GSM
Phn truyn bn tin lp 3
Hnh 3.15. Cc chc nng mang bo hiu MTP-3
: Lung bn tin bo hiu.
: Cc chi thj v diu khin.
V V!n Ti"n
47
J ,E %( &"( %2! 1"*
K*( ,E <a( %2! 1"*
?1L( ,!a"
%( &"(
?1L( .12&
%( &"(
j(1 &*A(
%( &"(
K*( ,E ,*
,o( %2! 1"*
K*( ,E dj(1
&*A( %2! 1"*
K*( ,E d(
&C*A( %2! 1"*
C24 414 (( <a( %2! 1"*
?1(
&C*A( %(
&"( ,. 2
?1(
(" '
Bu( MT?
H"( &C/ #@ %! B( MT?
di ng GSM
3.6.3.1. Chc nng phn Ioai bn tin (Discrimination).
Chc nng ny l d xc djnh xem bn tin c doc gi ti dim bo hiu ny
hay khng. Nu khng dng bn tin bo hiu ca dim ny th n chuyn dn
chc nng djnh tuyn d dn dch m n cn dn. Cn bn tin bo hiu l dng
th bn tin nhn doc s chuyn xang chc nng phn phi.
pht hin cc bn tin bo hiu ny da vo m bo hiu DPC ca bn tin
d cng vi djch vu dja chi mang N ca bn tin nhn doc.
3.6.3.2. Cc nng phn phi bn tin (Message Distribution).
Khi bn tin bo hiu doc truyn ti c dja chi ca ngi s dung th chc
nng phn phi s xem xt cc thng tin cn thit trong bn tin v gi dn phn
ngi s dung thch hop. Vic phn phi cc bn tin chnh xc da vo phn chi
thj djch vu S (Service ndicator) trong trng SO ca don vj bn tin bo hiu.
3.6.3.3. Ch nng d[nh tuyn bn tin (Message Routing).
Chc nng ny doc s dung d xc djnh cc tham s trong bn tin bo hiu
v djnh tuyn bn tin ny ti dch m n cn dn.
Vic djnh tuyn mt bn tin bo hiu da vo phn chi thj mang N (Network
ndication) chi thj mang nm trong trng chi thj SO. Nu mt dng bo hiu c
s c th vic djnh tuyn s doc thay di theo mt nguyn tc d djnh trc. Lu
long cc bo hiu trn dng truyn bo hiu d bj s c s doc chuyn sang
mt dng bo hiu thay th khc trong cum dng bo hiu d.
Nu nh tt c cc dng bo hiu trong cum d bj s c th thng tin bo
hiu trn tuyn d s doc chuyn sang cum dng bo hiu khc. M cum
dng bo hiu ny cng doc du ni ti dim thu bo hiu d.
3.6.3.4. Chc nng qun tr[ Iuu Iung bo hiu (SignaIIing Traffic
Managmant).
Chc nng ny dng d thay di hng di t mt dng hoc mt tuyn bo
hiu ti mt hoc nhiu dong bo hiu khc. Ngoi ra n cn doc s dung d
gim tam thi lu long bo hiu khi c tc nghn tai thi dim no d, cc chc
nng qun l lu long bo hiu bao gm:
- Chc nng khi tao lai dim bo hiu.
- Chc nng djnh tuyn cng bc: dm bo chc chn kh nng khi phuc
bo hiu gia 2 dim bo hiu.
V V!n Ti"n
48
di ng GSM
- Chc nng djnh tuyn bj diu khin: m bo vic khi phuc cc th tuc bo
hiu ti u v gim ti da sai s trjnh t cc bn tin.
- Cc nng th tuc thay th: Khi mt chc nng bo hiu bj truc trc th th tuc
ny s doc thc hin nhm da ton b dng bo hiu ca dng bo hiu
d sang dng bo hiu mi, d trnh mt mt bn tin.
- Chc nng diu khin lung lu long bo hiu: Thc hin phn chia lu
long bo hiu trn cc dng bo hiu trong mang dm bo kh nng tc
nghn l ti thiu nht.
- Chc nng han ch qun trj: Do nhn vin vn hnh mang yu cu.
3.7. Phn diu khin v ni thng bo hiu - SCCP.
SCCP cung cp cc chc nng b sung cho MTP d bo hiu djnh hng
theo ni thng th truyn thng tin lin quan dn mach v bo hiu khng djnh
hng ni thng c th tuyn thng tin khng lin quan dn mach thng qua bo
hiu s 7. SCCP cng vi MTP tao nn phn djch vu mang d dm bo bo hiu
s 7 ph hop vi m hnh OS.
- iu khin djnh hng theo ni thng CO: (Connection Oriented): Chc nng
ny s l thit lp, truyn s liu v gim st cc ni thng logic bo hiu.
- iu khin khng theo ni thng CL: (Connectionless): Chc nng ny s l
truyn s liu khng theo ni thng.
- Qun l SCCP d s l cc thng tin trang thi ca mang SCCP. N doc s
dung d cp nht bng djnh tuyn bn tin.
- jnh tuyn SCCP d x l djnh tuyn cc bn tin SCCP trong mang bo hiu
s 7. Bao gm vic djnh tuyn ton cu d nhn dja chi mang cu th dm bo
vic phn phi cc bn tin. Bn tin phn dja chi bj gi ca n l ngi s dung
ni hat s doc chuyn dn phn diu khin SCCP Cn cc bn tin ngi s
dung xa s doc chuyn ti MTP d truyn ti ngi s dung SCCP xa.
V V!n Ti"n
49
di ng GSM
-

Hnh 3.16. iu khin v ni thng bo hiu SCCP.
RII[ c3ng cp b loi #8ch vCT
2 djch vu CL:
- Loai CL co s.
- Loai CL theo trnh t (MTP).
2 djch vu CO:
- Loai CO co s.
- Loai CO diu khin lung.
(.<.1. B+ hi2u Jnh h3Kng !h%+ nLi !hMng.
SCCP cho php ngi s dung SCCP ny thit lp ni thng bo hiu dn
ngi s dung SCCP kia. Ngi s dung SCCP pha gi s gi di bn tin yu
cu ni thng (CR: Connection Request). CR cha tham chiu dn tng di gi
gm: Loai giao thc v dja chi dn tng di bj gi. CR cng cha dja chi SCCP
cho pha gi v s liu ca ngi s dung. Khi pha bj gi nhn doc CR n tr
V V!n Ti"n
50
C24 (" SCC? MT?
S Bu(
SCC?
"* 31"(
dj(1 1(
&1M! ("
&1;( SCC?
"* 31"(
dj(1 1(
31;( &1M!
(" &1;(
SCC?
K*( ,E SCC?
"* 31"(
dj(1 &*A(
SCC?
B( &"( CO
B( &"( CO
S 4
j(1 &*A(
B( &"( CL
B( &"( CL
S 4
j(1 &*A(
di ng GSM
li bng cch gi di bn tin khng djnh ni thng CC. Ni thng doc thit lp khi
pha gi nhn doc CC lc ny s liu ca ngi s dung doc gi di. Khi xo
ni thng th dng cc bn tin xo v bn tin cng nhn.
(.<.2. B+ hi2u khMng !h%+ nLi !hMng.
SCCP cho php ngi s dung SCCP gi cc bn tin bo hiu m khng cn
thit lp ni thng logic. Ngha l cc bn tin c th dn dim nhn theo cc
dng truyn bo hiu khc nhau. Cn khi mt bn tin bj hu b th mt thng s
tu chn kh hi phi doc gi bn tin kh hi khi mc li.
(.<.(. =Jnh !uyNn O6 nh J$ chP ;CCP.
ja chi ca pha ch gi v pha bj gi cha thng tin cn thit cho SCCP d
x djnh nt nhn v nt pht. i vi cc th tuc CO cc dja chi ny l cc dim
pht v thu bo hiu ca ni thng bo hiu, cn di vi cc th tuc CL l cc
dim pht v thu cc bn tin.
Khi truyn cc bn tin CO v CL djnh tuyn SCCP phn bit 2 dja chi co s
sau:
Tn ton cu GT: (Global Title) l mt dja chi ging nh cc ch s doc quay,
n khng r rng d djnh tuyn ngay doc. Do d SCCP cung cp cc chc nng
phin djch GT thnh m bo hiu thu DPC (Destination Poit Code) v s h thng
con SSN (Subsystem Number).
SSN d xc djnh phn ngi s dung ca dim bo hiu thu
V V!n Ti"n
51
di ng GSM
Chuong IV : Bo hiu s 7 trong mang GSM
4.1. ng dng bo hiu s 7 trong GSM.
Mang thng tin di dng GSM s dung mang bo hiu s 7 v ci tin ca n.
Nn cc giao thc trong mang bo hiu GSM doc da trn m hnh 7 lp ca
OS. S tong ng ny doc th hin trong hnh sau:
Hnh 4.1. M hnh bo hiu GSM sp xp theo OSI 7 Ip.
Ic k9 hi!3T
CM: Qun l ni thng (Connection Management).
MM: Qun l di dng (Mobility Management).
RR: Qun l tim nng v tuyn (Radio Resource Management).
LAPDm: Cc th tuc thm nhp dng truyn knh Dm (Link Access
Procedures on D - Channel).
LAPD: Cc th tuc thm nhp dng truyn knh D.
BSTM: Qun l tram gc (BTS Management).
BSSAP: Phn ng dung h thng tram gc (Base Station System Application
Part).
V V!n Ti"n
52
LA?D<
B2! 1"*
L. 1
RR
MM
CM
LA?D<
B2! 1"*
L. 1
LA?D
B2! 1"*
L. 1
LA?D
B2! 1"*
L. 1
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
RR BTSM
BTSM SCC?
RR BTSM
MT? ,.1
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
SCC
SCC?
BSSA?
MM
CM
TCA?
MA?
I
S
U
?
T
U
?
MT? ,.1
MT? ,.1
OSI
L.7
L.4F6
L.3
L.1
L.2
MSC9VLR
HLR:GMSC
?STN
R/B"! AF%"&
A
OSI
L.1
L.2
L.3
MSC
BSC
BTS MS
di ng GSM
SCCP: Phn diu khin ni thng bo hiu (Signalling Connec Control Part).
MTP: Phn truyn bn tin (Message Transfer Part).
MAP: Phn ng dung di dng (Mobile Application Part).
TCAP: Phn ng dung cc kh nng trao di (Trnsction Capabilities
Application Part).
SUP: Phn ngi s dung SDN (SDN Use Part).
TUP: Phn ngi s dung din thoai (Telephone Use Part).
Cc EK# ch7c n8ng Q;):
- MTP: Thit lp ni thng gia MS v BTS. l bo hiu lp 1, th tuc thm
nhp dng truyn trn knh D, trn knh Dm. Truyn dn, djnh tuyn, dnh
dja chi.
- SCCP: Tro gip du ni logic, h tro djnh tuyn v dnh dja chi.
MTP v SCCP tao nn phn phuc vu mang tong ng cc lp 1, 2, 3 ca
OS.
- TCAP: C chc nng thng tin bo hiu xa.
- MAP: L phn ng dung ring cho di dng GSM trong phn h SS.
TCAP v MAP l th tuc tong ng lp 7 ca OS.
- CM: Th tuc qun l kt ni Phuc vu diu khin, qun l cuc gi v
cc djch vu b xung.
- MM: Th tuc qun l di dng Qun l vj tr v tnh bo mt ca MS.
Trong MSC sy ra vic bin di bn tin SUP vo CM, MAP, MM.
- BSSAP: Th tuc v phn ng dung tram gc Phuc vu gi bn tin lin
quan dn MS.
- Cc bn tin CM, MM v mt phn RR doc truyn trong sut qua BTS.
4.2. Phn ng dng di dng MAP (MobiIe AppIication Part).
MAP cung cp cc th tuc bo hiu cn thit cho vic trao di thng tin gia
cc thc th trong mang GSM. MAP ch yu s dung bo hiu khng ni thng.
Cc thng tin di MAP l: TCAP, SCCP, v MTP.
V V!n Ti"n
53
di ng GSM
MAP doc chia ra lm thc th ng dung AE (Application Entities) l: MAP-
MSC, MAP-VLR, MAP-HLR, MAP-ER, MAP-AUC. Mi thc th ng dung bao
gm cc phn t djch vu ng dung ASE (Application Service Element) cc phn
t ny h tro vic ho mang ca cc thnh phn ng dung d thng tin vi nhau
gia cc nt nh:
- ng k vj tr.
- o vj tr
- Hu b dng k.
- iu khin, qun l, thu nhn cc djch vu thu bao.
- Qun l cc thng tin ca thu bao, ngha l cp nht vo HLR,VLR.
- Chuyn giao.
- Chuyn cc s liu bo mt, nhn thc v cng cc chc nng khc.
- Cung cp s lu dng.
- Pht thng tin djnh tuyn.
Trong GSM khi mt ASE chi c th lin lac doc vi mt ASE dng cp tong
dong.
4.3. Phn ng dng h thng tram di dng BSSAP.
BSSAP l giao thc pht trin cho giao din A. BSSAP s dung bo hiu s
7, doc h tro cc bn tin doc truyn gia MSC v BSC/BTS v cc bn tin
pht trong sut MSC dn MS. BSSAP gm 3 phn:
- Phn ng dung qun l h thng tram gc doc s dung d pht di cc bn
tin lin quan dn MS gia MSC v BSC.
- Phn ng dung truyn trc tip DTAP d pht di cc bn tin MM v CM lin
quan dn MS, cu th ch d djnh hng ni thng. Cc bn tin ny pht
trong sut qua BSS.
- Chc nng phn phi d phn loai cc bn tin BSSAP v TCAP.
BSSAP cho php truyn c bo hiu ni thng ln bo hiu khng ni thng.
Cc bn tin h tro cc th tuc dnh ring doc pht di bng cc djch vu ni
thng ca SCCP.
4.3.1. Cc bn tin BSSAP.
V V!n Ti"n
54
di ng GSM
Cc bn tin BSSAP loai khng du ni:
- Chn (Block).
- Tha nhn chn (Blocking Acknowlege).
- Tm gi (Paging).
- Thit lp lai (Reset).
- Tha nhn thit lp lai (Reset Acknowlege).
- Mach thit lp lai (Reset Circuit).
- Tha nhn mach thit lp lai (Reset Curcirt Acknowlege).
- Gii to (Unblock Acknowlege).
Cc bn tin BSSAP loai du ni c djnh hng.
- u cu thit lp (Assignment Request).
- Hon thnh thit lp (Assignment Complet).
- S c thit lp (Assignment Failure).
- Ra lnh phong thc mt m (Cipher Mode Command).
- Hon thnh phong thc mt m (Cipher Mode Complet).
- Cp nht loai (Classmark Update).
- Lnh xo (Clear Command).
- o xong (Clear Complet).
- u cu xo (Clear Request).
- Lnh chuyn giao (Handover Command).
- S c chuyn giao (Handover Failure).
- Thc hin chuyn giao (Handover Performed).
- u cu chuyn giao (Handover Request).
- Chp nhn yu cu chuyn giao (Handover Request Acknowlege).
- i hi chuyn giao (Handover Requied).
- Bi b di hi chuyn giao(Handover Requied Reect).
4.3.2. Cc bn tin qun I di dng (Message For MobiIy Management).
Bn tin dng k (Registration Message).
- Chp nhn cp nht vj tr (Location Update Accept).
- Bi b cp nht vj tr (Location Update Reect).
V V!n Ti"n
55
di ng GSM
Bn tin bo mt (Security Message).
- Bi b nhn thc (Authentication Reect).
- u cu nhn thc (Authentication Request).
- p lai nhn thc (Authentication Respone).
- u cu nhn dang (dentity Request).
- Tr li nhn dang (dentity Respone).
Cc bn tin qun l du ni (Connection Manaagement Message).
- Chp nhn djch vu ni thng (CM Service Accept).
- Bi b djch vu ni thng (CM Service Reect).
4.3.3. Cc bn tin diu khin du ni ch d mach din (Message For Circuit-
Mode Connection CaII ControI).
Bn tin thit lp cuc gi (Call Establishment Message).
- Bo hiu chung (Alerting).
- Khng djnh cuc gi (Call Confirmed).
- Qu trnh cuc gi (Call Proceding).
- u ni (Connect).
- Chp nhn du ni (Connect Acknowlege).
- Thit lp khn cp (Emergency Setup).
- Tin hnh (Progress).
- Thit lp (Setup).
Bn tin bo cc giai doan thng tin cuc gi (Call nformation Phase Message).
- Sa di (Modify).
- Bi b sa di (Modify Reect).
- Bn tin xo cuc gi (Call Clearing Message).
- Ct du ni (Disconnect).
- Gii phng (Release).
- Hon thnh gii phng (Release Complate).
Cc bn tin khc (Miscellaneous Message).
- Khi dng DTMF (Start DTMF).
- Bi b khi dng DTMF (Start DTMF Reect).
V V!n Ti"n
56
di ng GSM
- Trang thi (Status).
- iu tra trang thi (Status Enquiry).
V V!n Ti"n
57
di ng GSM
3.4. Bo hiu gia MS v BTS.
Hnh 4.2. Bo hiu gia MS v BTS.
Lp bo hiu 1:
Cn gi l lp vt l trnh by cc chc nng cn thit d truyn cc lung bt
trn cc knh vt l mi trng v tuyn. Lp ny giao din vi qun l tim
nng v tuyn. Giao din ny gi di lin quan dn n djnh knh vt l (thm nhp
ngu nhin) cng nh cc thng tin h thng gm cc kt qu do, lp ny cng
giao din vi: b m ho ting, b tch ng du cui d dm bo cc knh lu
long. Lp 1 bao gm cc chc nng sau:
- Sp xp cc knh logic ln cc knh vt l.
- M ho knh v sa li FEC (Forrward Error Correction: sa li trc)
- M ho knh d pht hin li CRC (Cyclic Redundance Check: Kim tra phn
d m vng)
- Mt m ho.
- Chn ch d ri.
- Thit lp cc knh vt l dnh ring.
- o cng d trng ca cc knh dnh ring v cng d trng ca cc
tram gc xung quanh.
- Thit lp djnh trc thi gian v cng sut theo diu khin ca mang. Cc cng
m lp ny cung cp djch vu cho lp 2 doc gi l cc dim thm nhp djch
V V!n Ti"n
58
LA?D<
B2! 1"*
L. 1
RR
MM
CM
LA?D<
B2! 1"*
L. 1
R/B"!
OSI
L.1
L.2
L.3
BTS MS
di ng GSM
vu. Tu theo cc bn tin ngn, bn tin ca lp dng truyn m cc cng khc
nhau.
Lp bo hiu 2:
Muc dch ca lp bo hiu 2 l cung cp dng truyn tin cy gia tram di
dng v mang. Mi knh diu khin logic doc dnh ring mt phn t giao
thc. Giao thc ca lp ny l LAPDm khng cha cc chc nng kim tra
khng cn thit (nh kim tra tng th lp 1 d lm ri) d ph hop vi truyn
dn v tuyn d dat doc hiu sut ln hon trong vic tit kim ph tn. Cc
bn tin LAPD c d di 24 byte do d doc phn doan: lp vt l v lp
dng truyn l 23 byte di vi BCCH, CCCH, SDCH, FACH. Cn di vi
SACH l 21 byte.
Lp bo hiu 3:
E3n l9 ti7m ncng v) t3<;nT
giao din ny chi qun l mt phn tim nng v tuyn RR gm cc chc
nng thit lp duy tr v gii phng du ni cc tim nng trn cc knh diu
khin dnh ring. Cc chc nng lp ny bao gm:
- Thit lp ch d mt m.
- Thay di knh dnh ring khi vn c.
- Chuyn giao t ny dn khc.
- jnh ngha lai tn s (s dung cho nhy tn).
Cc bn tin ny gn nh truyn trong sut qua BTS dn BSC.
E3n l9 #i ng MMT
Lp ny lin quan dn di dng v thu bao nh:
- Nhn thc.
- n djnh lai TMS (nhn dang tram di dng tam thi).
- Nhn dang tram di dng bng cc yu cu MS hay ME.
Tram di dng c th thc hin di mang MS d thng bo khng vi ti tram
ny v th cc cuc gi vo s doc mang chuyn hng hoc chn, ch
khng tm gi di dng. Cc bn tin ti MM doc truyn trong sut dn MSC.
E3n l9 n?i th)ng IMT Xao gBm \ ph2n tNT
V V!n Ti"n
59
di ng GSM
- iu khin cuc gi (CC) cung cp cc chc nng diu khin cuc gi SDN,
cc th tuc, chc nng doc ci tin d ph hop vi mi trng truyn dn.
- Bo dm cc djch vu b xung khng lin quan dn cuc gi nh: chuyn
hng cuc gi khi khng c tr li, doi gi.
- Bo dm djch vu bn tin ngn cung cp cc giao thc gia mang v tram di
dng.
4.5. Bo hiu gia BTS v BSC.
Hnh: 4.3. Bo hiu gia BTS v BSC.
C 2 loai knh thng tin gia BTS v BSC :
- Knh lu long: Mang ting v d liu cho cc knh v tuyn.
- Knh bo hiu: Mang thng tin bo hiu hoc cho bn thn BTS hoc cho MS.
Lp ny s dung th tuc truy cp dng truyn bo hiu LAPD (Link
Access Procedure on D Channel). LAPD c chc nng pht hin li, sa li,
dnh c khung (bng cc c du khung, cui khung).
M][d c3ng cp e loi t(n hi!3T
- Chuyn giao thng tin khng doc tha nhn, khng dm bo phn pht
khung thng tin dn dja chi thnh cng.
- Chuyn giao thng tin doc tha nhn, (thng gp) tn hiu doc cng nhn
v h thng khng djnh khung ti thnh cng.
V V!n Ti"n
60
LA?D
B2! 1"*
L. 1
LA?D
B2! 1"*
L. 1
BTSM
AF%"&
BSC
BTS
BTSM
RR
di ng GSM
Bn tin qun l tim nng v tuyn RR ch yu l thit lp, duy tr v gii
phng du ni cc tim nng v tuyn cc knh diu khin dnh ring, mt s
bn tin doc s l bi giao thc BTSM. Cn lai doc truyn trong sut qua BTS.
4.6. Bo hiu gia BSC v MSC (Giao din A).
Hnh: 4.4. Bo hiu gia BSC v MSC (Giao din A).
Giao thc ny s dung cho cc bn tin gia MSC, BSC s dung cc giao
Thc sau:
CM (Connection Management): oc s dung d diu khin qun l cc cuc
gi (thit lp, gii phng v gim st cuc gi) d cch ly cc djch vu b xung
v qun l cc bn tin ngn.
MM (Mobility Management): qun l vj tr cng nh tnh bo mt ca di
dng. Cc bn tin CM v MM doc dt bn trong MSC. Thay cho vic s dung
cc bn tin SDN-UP ti MS, th MSC bin di cc bn tin MAP v MM sp xp
trong MSC.
BSSAP: L giao thc doc s dung d truyn cc bn tin CM v MM. Giao
thc ny cng dng d diu khin trc tip BSS. Th du khi MSC yu cu BSC
n djnh knh. Th BSSAP s dung cc giao thc MTP, SCCP bao gm cc
phn nh sau:
V V!n Ti"n
61
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
SCC?
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
MT?
,.1
SCC?
BSSA?
MM
CM
A
MSC
BSC
BSSA?
di ng GSM
- BSSMAP (BSS Management Application Part): Phn ng dung h thng con
tram gc, dng d gi cc bn tin lin quan dn MS gia BSC v MSC.
- DTAP (Direc Transfer Application Part): Phn ng dung truyn trc tip,
doc dng cho cc bn tin ti MS ch d djnh hng theo ni thng (cc
bn tin ny doc truyn trong sut).
CC T VIT TT
SS : Swithching system h thng chuyn mach
AUC : Authemtication centrer - Trung tm nhn thc
BTS :Base station system h thng tram gc
BSC : Base station ControI i diu khin tram gc.
BSS : Base Station Sytem h thng tram gc.
CSPDN :Circuit swithched pubIic data network - Mang chuyn mach s cng
cng theo mach.
VLR :Visitor - B ghi djnh vj tam ch
HLR : Home Location register - B ghi djnh vj thong tr
EIR : Equipment Identifed Reader B ghi nhn dang thit bj
MSC : MobiIe Services Switching Center - Trung tm chuyn mach cc djch vu
di dng.
MSC : MobiIe Switching CentraI trung tm chuyn mach cc djch vu di dng.
ME : MobiIe Equipment thit bj di dng.
MS : MoboIe Station - My di dng.
OSS : Operating and surveiIance System H thng khai thc v gim st.
OMC :Operating and Maintaining CentraI trung tm khai thc v bo dng.
ISDN : Integrated Service DigitaI network - Mang s lin kt da djch vu.
PSTN :PubIic Switched teIephone Network - Mang din thoai chuyn mach
knh.
PLMN : PbIic Iand MobiIe Network - Mang di dng mt dt cng cng.

V V!n Ti"n
62
di ng GSM
MC LC
trang
Li ni du ............................................................................................... 1
Chuong I ..................................................................................................... 2
1. Tng quan mang mang GSM ..................................................................2
11. Cu trc mang GSM ............................................................................. 2
1.2. Cu trc d[a I ca mang .....................................................................3
1.3. H thng chuyn mach.........................................................................5
1.4. H thng tram gc BSS.........................................................................
1.5. Tram di dng MS..................................................................................1
1.6. H thng vn hnh khai thc v bo dung OSS.............................11
Chuong II : Cc giao din v thng tin trong h thng GSM..................14
2.1.Cc giao din ni b mang...................................................................14
2.2. Giao din v tuyn Um (MS - BTS).....................................................14
2.3.Giao din AbitS d diu khin BTS (BSC----BTS) ..............................17
2.4. Giao din A (BSC----MSC)....................................................................17
2.5. TRUYN SNG TRONG THNG TIN DI QNG GSM.........................1
Chuong III : Tng quan v bo hiu s 7..................................................24
3.1.Gii thiu v mang bo hiu s. (CCS7)............................................24
3.2. H thng bo hiu................................................................................26
3.3. H thng bo hiu s 7 .......................................................................2
3.4. S tuong ng gia CCS7 v m hnh OSI........................................35
3.6. Cc chc nng dung truyn s Iiu bo hiu MTP - 1..................37
3.7. Phn diu khin v ni thng bo hiu - SCCP................................46
Chuong IV : Bo hiu s 7 trong mang GSM...........................................4
4.1. ng dng bo hiu s 7 trong GSM..................................................4
4.2. Phn ng dng di dng MAP (MobiIe AppIication Part)...................5
4.3. Phn ng dng h thng tram di dng BSSAP.................................51
3.4. Bo hiu gia MS v BTS....................................................................54
4.5. Bo hiu gia BTS v BSC..................................................................56
4.6. Bo hiu gia BSC v MSC (Giao din A)..........................................57
CC T VIT TT........................................................................................5
V V!n Ti"n
63

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