I. prop. a temporal Particle (cf.

), at this/that point:

hence now, then, already, or at length (=finaly): in Ep.

(rarely Lyr.) sts. at the beginning of a sentence or clause, , Il.15.437;
19.342; 13.122; , , 1.476, 13.719, al., cf. Pi.O.3.25, A.Th.214 (lyr.): but usu.
second (or nearly so), freq. with Numerals and temporal Particles, . . Il. 8.297; . . full
nine years, 2.134; this is just the sixth day, E.Or.39, cf. Il.24.107, etc.: also after Advbs. of Time, many a
time and oft, often ere now, 19.85; 7.94; Pi.P.9.91; , Lat. iamdudum, S.Ph.806; just now, Ar.Av.923 (freq.
written , Pl.Tht.145b, etc.); ib.187d; now at length, Id.R.353a, etc.; at that very time, Th.1.49, etc.;
this very instant, Pl.R.338b, etc.; yet later, Th.2.17: freq. with temporal Conjunctions, (written , q.
v.), etc.
II. 1. without temporal significance, as a Particle of emphasis, in fact, of course, certainly , , , Il.1.286,518,
etc.; surely not, S.Ph.246, cf. E.Or.1069, etc.; , v. ; with Verbs, Il.15.488;
X.Cyr. 3.2.12; . . Pl.Ap.21a: less freq. with Substs., they call the man a
sophist as you know, Id.Prt.311e: with Conjunctions, , , Il.23.207, 5.24, etc.; Th.5.85; for manifestly,
A.Ch.874,891, Pl.Tht.156c; S.OC265: hence with a part. representing Conjunction and Verb, since they evidently
are, Hdt. 8.90; but as though she were . ., E.IT1338, cf. Hdt.1.66, X.Cyr.5.4.4, etc.; and so, ironically, Il.1.110,
Ar.V. 1315, Eq.693, Pl.Prt.342c, al.; freq. with , A.Ag.1633, cf. S.OC809, E.Andr.235, etc.; also
. . Pl.R.420e, Men.86d; . . Id.Phdr.268d; also the pretended courtesans, X.HG5.4.6, cf. E.Ion 1181,
Th.4.67,6.80.
2. freq. placed immediately after Pronouns, me of all persons, Hdt.3.155; you of all persons, Id.1.115, S.Aj.1226;
this and no other, Hdt.1.43; . . S.Tr.1091; , ironically, Pl.Tht.166a;
as the well-known saying goes, Id.Grg.514e, cf. E.Hipp.962; some one you know of, Pl.Phd.108c, al.: with possess. Pronouns,
Pl.Smp.221b, cf. Grg.5c8d, etc.: with relatives, Il.21.315; Hdt.1.22; just
such as thou, Il.24.376, cf. Od.1.32, S.Aj.995, etc.; Ar.Ach.1, etc.: with Adjs., , , Od.12.69, Hdt.1.25;
X.An.3.1.2: freq. with Superlatives, Th.5.74;
S.Aj.992, etc.
III. to mark a transition, with or without inference, so, then, . . Il.3.457;
Hdt.1.14; Th.1.127.
IV. 1. with Indef. Particles, v. , , , : with interrogatives, ; Pl.Grg.457e; . .;
Id.Phd.58c (simply ; what then? R.357d); ; S.Ph.1235 (and with Advbs., ; Pl.Phdr.init.; ; ;
ib.228e, Il.2.339, etc.): with Indef. Pronouns, strengthens the indef. notion, others be they who
they may, Il.1.295; no one at all, Pl.Tht.170e; some one or other, Id.R.498a (pl.), etc. (rarely E.IT946); the neut.
is common, ; in any way, whatever it be, Il.13.446; , Hdt.1.80;
Id.3.108, etc.; whosoever it be, Id.1.86; , Lat. quantocumque, ib.160, etc.; . .
E.Heracl.632, cf. Supp.162; but Pl.Smp.220b; Il.5.24, etc.; so almost, = ,
Anacr.24; A. Supp.499; S.Ant.823; Id.Tr.153;
ib.627; so already, in fact, freq. not at the beginning of the sentence ,
Ar.Ec.514, cf. Nu.906, Theoc.5.83; but A.Supp.507.
2. a. to continue a narrative, freq. after , then, so, . . Hdt.1.11; ib.32;
ib.116; alone, . . so one of these . ., ib.114, etc.: freq. in summing up, , Lat. haec
hactenus, A.Pr.500, cf. Hdt.1.14, Th.2.4; X. Cyr.3.2.28, etc.; in summing up numbers, these then
amount to 1,000, ib.1.5.5; in resuming after a parenthesis , , . .,
Il.6.395; . ., Hdt.1.43.
b. with imper. and subj., . . Il.1.545, cf. 5.684, etc.; S.Ph.1469; for do but
consider, X.Cyr.4.3.5; , , , , , Pl.Sph.235a, Phd. 63b, Sph.224c, Phd.80a, Prt.312c.
3. to express what follows a fortiori, above all with arms, Th.4.78; not to mention, D.2.23;
Id. 1.27.
4. a. and what is more, adding an emphatic statement, Il.1.161, 15.251, Hdt.5.67, Lys.13.4; in Prose, freq.
. ., . ., Hdt.1.30, etc.; ; and now what do you say? Pl.Tht.187c;
yes, and actually here present, S.OC31; esp. in a series , and of course
riches, Pl.Men.87e, cf. Tht.159c, R.367d; . . . . ib.493d.
b. is also used in answers, ; Answ. . . yes, he was even
so far as . ., S.Aj.49; . Answ. well, I am looking, Ar. Av.175, cf. Pax327, Pl.227 sq., S.El.317 sq., 1436, etc.;
. Answ. S.OC173; without , . Answ. Pl.Tht.157d; . Answ.
Id.Grg.448b.
c. in assumptions or suppositions, and now suppose I have accepted, A.Eu.894, cf. Ch.565, E.Med.386, Hel.
1059, not found in S., once in Ar.V.1224.
5. in apodosi, after or : Il.5.898, Hdt.1.108, Pl.R.524e, etc.; after , : even then, S.Ant.170 sq., El.954; after ,
: X.Cyr.1.6.14, Pl. Cra.435e, etc.; after : X.Cyr.7.2.4; , . . already, Id.An.1.10.10.

for also, for in fact,

combining (in various senses) with , Il.3.188, Od.18.261, Hdt.3.15, etc.; also, for else, Arist.Pol.
1280a36: with strengthening Particles, . . for of a surety, Il. 16.810; in Ep., . . 1.113; in Att., . . , . . , Pl.Prt. 317c,
X.An.1.9.8, etc.

I. and indeed, and further,

freq. in Hom. with one or more words between, Il.1.426, al.; E.Med.344;
X.Cyr.7.3.10: once in Hom. as one word , Il.13.267.
II. after Hom. usu., and yet, to mark an objection introduced by the speaker himself , freq. in Rhetorical questions,
; A.Pr.101; . ; S.OC1132, cf. Isoc.4.99, etc.: without a question, . E.Cyc.480; . . . D.4.12, 18.122:
strengthd., ' Ar.Ach.611, E.Fr.953.10, X.Mem.1.2.3, Ph.1.274, etc.: mostly separated, . . E.Or.77, Ar.Ra.43, X.Mem.3.12.7,
etc. ( is f.l. in A.Eu.849); so v.l. in Hdt.8.53.

III. with a participle, much like , Simon.5.9, Ar.Ec.159, Pl.R. 511d, Plb.22.8.13, Phld.Ir.p.22 W., Luc.Alex.3: once in the
Att. Oratt., Lys.31.34; also Pl.Ax.364b.

in Hom. always with a word between (exc. Od.7.224); but one word in Pi. and Prose, and usu. in Trag.
I. even, Il.10.70.
II. although, albeit, usu. c. part., 1.577; 8.125; 5.135;
Od.17.555: so in later Poets, . Pi.I.8(7).4, cf. N.6.6; A.Fr.199.2; .
Id.Pr.907; . Id.Th.712; . S.Ph.377: preceded by , Pl. R.495d: the part. must freq. be supplied,
[] A.Ag. 1203; , . [], S.OT 1326; also ,
[], . . Il.9.247; , [] 17.104; , .
[] S.OT1141; , . , = , Id.Ph.647: with finite Verbs only as dub. l., .
(leg. ) Pi.N.4.36; . (leg. ) Pl.Smp.219c.