Metalurgi Teknik 2

M. Rizali, MT
Referensi
Dieter, George. 1988. Mechanial metallurgy
Soboyejo, Wole. 2003. Mechanical properties of
engineered materials.
Totte, E George. 2007. Steel heat treatment,
metallurgy and technologies.
Roberge, R Pierre. 1999. Handbook of corrosion
engineering
Talbot, David. 1997. Corrosion science and
technology
Wessel, James. 2004. Handbook of advance materials
Materi Kuliah*
Pendahuluan/klasifikasi dan sifat baja
unsur paduan pada baja
baja paduan rendah
baja tahan karat
baja perkakas
besi tuang
korosi dan pencegahannya
pengujian mekanik bahan
Materi Kuliah
Besi dan Baja
Uji Material
Plastic forming of materials
Fracture
Korosi
Heat Treatment of steel
Non Ferrous Metal
Inspirasi
Ramang,
Menahan Rusia
0-0
Ronny
Pattinasarany
Asia All Star
1982
Iswadi Idris
Pemain Indonesia
pertama yg dikontrak
klub asing
Cubic Crystal Systems
Simple Cubic
Ada satu atom di setiap
sudut
Satu sel memiliki 1
atom (1/8 x 8)
Cubic Crystal Systems
Body centered cubic
Satu atom di tiap sudut,
satu atom di tengah sel
Satu sel memiliki 2 atom
(1/8 x 8 + 1)
Cubic Crystal Systems
Face centered cubic
Satu atom di tiap sudut, satu
atom di tiap tengah sisi
Satu sel memiliki 4 atom (1/8
x 8 + x 6)
Iron vs Steel
Ferrite
pure iron, ferromagnetic(DAPAT DITARIK
MAGNET), BCC
-Fe , -Fe, -Fe
Fase
Austenite : Non magnetic, FCC
Cementite : Fe
3
C, keras dan brittle
Pearlite : campuran -Fe dan cementite
Martensite
Terjadi pada strustur austenite yang
didinginkan secara cepat (quenching),
sehingga karbon tidak sempat berdifusi ke
dalam kristal
BCT (body centered tetragonal)
Alloy steel
Paduan Fe dengan bahan lain akan mengubah sifat
material aslinya.
Sifat Yang Ingin diperbaiki misalnya:
kekuatan
(kekerasan), kekerasan, ketangguhan, ketahanan
aus, pengerasan, dan kekerasan panas.
Umumnya alloyants termasuk mangan (yang paling-
umumsatu),
nikel, krom, molibdenum,vanadium, silikon, dan
boron. Alloyants yang kurang umum
termasuk aluminium, kobalt,
tembaga, serium, niobium, titanium,
tungsten, timah, dan zirkonium
Alloy steel
Low vs high Alloy : 5%
Low alloy : strength and hardness
High alloy : corrosion and heat resistance
Paduan akan merubah diagram fase dari Fe
Pengaruh Paduan
Aluminium 0.951.30 Alloying element in nitriding steels
Bismuth - Improves machinability
Boron 0.0010.003 A powerful hardenability agent
Chromium 0.52 Increases hardenability
418 Increases corrosion resistance
Copper 0.10.4 Corrosion resistance
Lead - Improved machinability
Manganese 0.250.40
Combines with sulfur and with phosphorus to reduce the brittleness. Also
helps to remove excess oxygen from molten steel.
>1
Increases hardenability by lowering transformation points and causing
transformations to be sluggish
Pengaruh Paduan
Molybdenum 0.25
Stable carbides; inhibits grain growth. Increases the toughness of steel, thus
making molybdenum a very valuable alloy metal for making the cutting parts of
machine tools and also the turbine blades of turbojet engines. Also used in rocket
motors.
Nickel 25 Toughener
1220 Increases corrosion resistance
Silicon 0.20.7 Increases strength
2.0 Spring steels
Higher percentages Improves magnetic properties
Sulfur 0.080.15 Free-machining properties
Titanium - Fixes carbon in inert particles; reduces martensitic
hardness in chromium steels
Tungsten - Also increases the melting point.
Vanadium 0.15 Stable carbides; increases strength while retaining
ductility; promotes fine grain structure. Increases the toughness at high
temperatures
Stainless steel
minimum of 10.5% or 11% chromium
Corrosion resistance
Kandungan chromium akan membentuk
lapisan passive film chromium oxida, yang
akan melindungi dari udara luar
Tool Steel
hardness, resistance to abrasion, resistance to
deformation at elevated temperatures
carbon content between 0.7% and 1.5%
Low Manganese, to prevent crack after
quench
High Speed Steel (HSS)
Gra
d
e C Cr Mo W V Co Mn Si
T1
0.65
0.80
3.75
4.00 -
17.25
18.75
0.9
1.3 -
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.4
M2 0.95 4.2 5 6 2 - - -
M7 1 3.8 8.7 1.6 2 - - -
M35 0.94 4.1 5 6 2 5 - -
M42 1.1 3.8 9.5 1.5 1.2 8 - -
Cast Iron
Carbon (C) : 2.1 - 4 %
silicon (Si) 1 - 3 %
Hard, brittle, good machinability, low melting
point (good fluidity & cast ability)
Misal : silinder block
Furnace
Blast furnace
Cupola
Induction furnace