TS.

Trn Hi Anh

Bi ging c tham kho bi ging ca PGS. TS. H Quc Trung

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

nh ngha
c im ca h phn tn
Thnh phn ca h phn tn
Cc loi h phn tn
Cc vn cn nghin cu trong h phn tn

1.1. Lch s pht trin

1.2. Cc nh ngha
1.3. V d

Th h

Kch
thc

CPU

RAM

HDD

MIPS

Cch s dng

My tnh bng in t

KHz

KB

MB

Trm lm vic

My tnh bng bn
dn

KHz

MB

xMB

Trm lm vic

My tnh mch in

xxM
Hz

xxMB

xxMB

Trm lm vic
thng minh

My tnh c nhn

Xxx
Hz

GB

GB-
XXXG
B

C nhn

My tnh xch tay

GHz

GB

GB-
TB

C nhn di ng

My tnh b ti

GHz

GB

xxGB

Ph tr c nhn

Cc thit b di ng

GHz

GB

Ph tr c nhn
4

Kt ni qua dy in thoi

Kt ni cc my tnh ln ca cc trng i hc

Kt ni mng cc b/kt ni im im tc
cao

Kt ni cc my tnh c nhn thnh mng cc b v

lin mng

Kt ni khng dy

Cho php cc thit b tnh ton c th di chuyn trong

phm vi hp

Kt ni di ng

Cho php cc thit b tnh ton c th di chuyn phm

vi rng

 Khng hn ch trong cng vic tnh ton

Gii tr, lin lc, h tr cng vic
Mt ngi c th c nhiu my tnh

Nhu cu c mt phn mm phi hp cc my

tnh kt hp vi nhau

n gin, hiu qu, thng nht

ng dng phn tn
H thng phn tn

 H phn tn l mt tp hp cc my tnh c

lp hot ng nh mt h thng duy nht,

ton vn i vi ngi dng
Yu cu:
Cc my tnh c lp
Kt ni ln nhau
Cung cp dch v mt cch thng nht

8/22/14

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

 A distributed system is:

A collection of independent connected computers

that provides services to its users as a single

coherent system
[Tanenbaum 2006]

 Khng ph thuc ln nhau

C th l cc my tnh c kin trc khc nhau
C th l cc my tnh c phn mm h thng

khc nhau
m bo kt ni ln nhau v thc hin nhim
v chung

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

 Cc my tnh c ni vi nhau bng mng

my tnh
Phn mm trn cc my tnh phi phi hp
cc thc th phn mm c th trao i
thng tin ln nhau
Chia s ti nguyn
Giao thc trao i thng tin

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

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 Cc my tnh phi phi hp vi nhau hng

ti mt nhim v: cung cp dch v

Dch v c cung cp ti NSD bng mt
giao din thng nht
Thng nht v cch thc truy cp dch v
Thng nht v giao din
Mc thng nht

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

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 Networked computer system: appears as

many machines
Distributed computer system: appears as
single system
Ubiquitous system: appears as no computer
system

12

WWW system

Cc my tnh (web server,

web client)
c lp (cu hnh, hh ty
)
Phi hp ln nhau (HTTP)
Cung cp dch v (thng
tin)
Giao din duy nht (web
page, .)
Phn tn
Web page c th nm trn
cc my tnh khc nhau
Truy cp bng dng a ch
<> click

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14

15

 Email client v server (my tnh)

Cu hnh khc nhau
Cung cp dch v trao i thng tin bng

email
Giao din thng nht

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

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Ngi s dng

SMTP

B m th gi i

Ngi s dng

POP/IMAPWeb Mail

Hp th NSD

B m th gi i

Web Server

Cc b danh

Hp th NSD

Web Server

Cc b danh
SMTP

MTA
MDA

POP/IMAPWeb Mail

SMTP

Internet

Cc bn ghi MX

H phn tn @Trn Hi
Anh 2014
DNS

Cc bn ghi MX

MTA
MDA

17

2.1. Cc c im chung
2.2. Chia s ti nguyn
2.3. Tnh trong sut
2.4. Tnh m
2.5. Tnh co gin (scallability)

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

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 Chia s ti nguyn
Tnh m
Tnh trong sut
Tnh co gin

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

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 Kt ni ti nguyn
Gim chi ph
Tng tnh sn sng

H tr lm vic nhm
Tng ri ro v an ton thng tin

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

20

 H thng l duy nht vi NSD

Giao din ging nhau
Cch thc truy cp ging nhau

Trong sut v qui m v v tr

Che giu tnh phn tn ca h phn tn

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

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Loi trong sut

M t

Truy cp

Che giu s khc nhau trong biu din d liu v

cch thc truy cp ti nguyn.

a im

Che giu v tr ca ti nguyn

Di tr

Che giu vic ti nguyn chuyn n a im khc

Chuyn a im

Che giu vic ti nguyn chuyn n a im khc

trong khi ang c s dng

Sao lu

Che giu vic d liu c cung cp t nhiu bn

sao khc nhau

Tng tranh

Che giu vic ti nguyn c truy cp ng thi

bi nhiu NSD

Th li

Che giu li v qu trnh phc hi ca ti nguyn

Bn vng

Che giu vic ti nguyn/d liu c lu tr bn

vng (disk) hoc khng (RAM)
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

22

 Trong sut tuyt i?

Thng bo cho NSD M v VN
Thi gian truyn tin gia 2 my tnh trong

phng v xuyn lc a
Cp nht cc bn sao d liu

Trong sut<>hiu nng

C phi khi no cng cn trong sut

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

23

 H phn tn m cung cp cc dch v theo

cc c t v c php v ng ngha ca cc
dch v, gi l giao thc
Thng c m t bng IDL
Tnh y ca c t
Qu chi tit: ph thuc vo ci t c th ca dch

v
Khng chi tit: Khi ci t phi b sung thm:
ph thuc vo ci t c th ca dch v
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

24

 Kh nng phi hp (interoperability)

Tnh kh chuyn (portability)
Tnh mm do + m rng c (exibility,

extensibility)
Thc hin: tch bit chnh sch v c ch

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

25

 Qui m:
s lng NSD v ti nguyn thay i

Khng gian a l

Qui m vng a l c ti nguyn v NSD thay i

T chc

Qui m t chc thay i

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

26

 M hnh tp trung
Dch v: c chai
D liu: lu tr, x l
Gii thut: thng tin vo ra, x l
M hnh khng tp trung
Phc tp, v v bo mt v ring t
Quyt nh cc b
Khng c thng tin chung
Khng pht hin c li
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

27

Gn: mng cc b
qung b, tc cao, tin cy, tr c nh)

Xa: mng din rng

im im, tc thp, khng tin cy, tr thay i

Khc nhau

Tc truyn tin, tr, .

ng b/khng ng b
Cc thao tc qung b

Ch yu m bo trao i thng tin trn mng

din rng nh vi mng cc b
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

28

3.1. Phn cng h phn tn

3.2. Phn mm h phn tn
3.3. Phn mm trung gian

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

29

(c)

(a)

(b)

30

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

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H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

32

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

33

1-9

a)
b)

Li
Siu li

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

34

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

35

System

Description

Main Goal

OS gn cht vi h thng phn cng (my

a vi x l hoc my tnh ng b)
multicomputers

Trong sut

NOS

NOS trn cc my tnh cc b

Cung cp dch v
cc b cho cc
my tnh khc

Middleware

Ci t cc dch v c bn thc hin,

pht trin cc ng dng

Tnh trong sut

phn tn

DOS

DOS (Distributed Operating Systems)

NOS (Network Operating Systems)
Middleware

ng dng phn tn
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

36

1.11

H iu hnh thng thng trn 1 CPU

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

37

1.14

38

H phn tn vi h iu hnh mng

1-19

39

1-20

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

40

Xy dng ng dng phn

tn i hi thc hin nhiu
thao tc k thut ging
nhau, khng lin quan n
logic ca chng trnh
Tp hp cc thao tc c
lp trnh sn to ra b th
vin dnh cho cc nh pht
trin
Mt s cc thao tc c
cung cp khi thc hin: cc
dch v h tr ca phn
mm trung gian
41

 Truy cp trong sut

Cc phng tin trao i thng tin bc cao
Dch v nh danh
Dch v lu tr bn vng
Giao tc phn tn
Bo mt
Cc dch v khc

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

42

 Tiu ch so snh
Tnh c lp
S lng CPU, b nh, phn cng/phn mm

ging nhau, khc nhau, s lng hh, .

Tnh m
Kh nng b sung mt thnh phn mi vi phn

cng/phn mm/khc nhau, ging nhau

Tnh trong sut

S lng giao din dnh cho ngi s dng/nh

pht trin

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

43

Item

Distributed OS

Network
OS

Middlewarebased OS

Multiproc.

Multicomp.

Rt cao

Cao

Thp

Cao

Yes

Yes

No

No

S lng bn HH

Trao i thng tin

B nh chia
s

Chuyn
thng bo

Tp

Ty thuc

Qun l ti nguyn

Ton cc
tp trung

Ton cc
phn tn

Theo nt

Theo nt

Co gin

Khng

C th

Ty thuc

ng

ng

Mc trong sut
Mt HH trn cc nt

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

44

 H thng tnh ton phn tn

H thng thng tin phn tn
H thng tnh ton khp ni v di ng

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

45

Cc siu my tnh

L my tnh n chic, gi

thnh cao, cng ngh tnh

ton tin tin, kh nng x l
cao
Mt giao din duy nht

H thng my tnh b

Tp hp cc my tnh ng

nht
Kt ni bng mng my tnh
tc cao
Thng c mt master iu
khin cc trm khc
Kt ni thng qua mt giao
din duy nht
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

46

H thng my
tnh li
Kt ni ti
nguyn ca
n v t chc
o
Kin trc 4 lp
Lp ng dng
Lp phi hp
Lp kt ni-ti
nguyn
Lp sn xut

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

47

 Cc

giao dch phn tn

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

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H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

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Cc phn mm CMS, LMS, thng dng

ng dng cng khai

Joomla, Dotnetnuke, Moodle,

Giao din ngoi

Cc application server thng dng
PHP-MYSQL, .NET, SQL Server, JSP

Phn mm h tr
(CMS, LMS, )

Application Server

Cc ng dng nghip v

WAN, CAN, http

VB, Java, ...

ng dng ni b

My ch nghip v

Giao din trong

B x l nghip v
Phn mm nghip
v

LAN/TCP/IP

My o

8/22/14

@ Trn Hi Anh 2014

Dch v cung cp
thng tin

C s d liu nghip v

50

H thng thng tin nghip v n v

H thng thng tin nghip v n v

Giao din trong

Giao din ngoi

Giao din trong

Giao din ngoi

B x l nghip v

Dch v cung cp
thng tin

B x l nghip v

Dch v cung cp
thng tin

C s d liu nghip v

C s d liu nghip v

Trc thng tin ni b

Trung tm qun l tch hp thng tin nghip v

ng k

Xc thc

Yu cu

Cung cp

Bo mt

Tm kim

Th mc

nh danh

C s d liu dch v

8/22/14

51

Trung tm qun l tch hp

thng tin nghip v
Phn quyn

M n v

M NSD

ng k dch v
thng tin

Tm kim dch v
thng tin

Xc thc

nv

D
NS

Th mc

Bo mt v kim
sot truy cp

8/22/14

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Trung tm qun l tch hp

thng tin nghip v

T chc cn b
Thng tin t chc cn b

Yu cu xc
thc
Thng tin t
chc

n v cung cp thng tin

Phn quyn

Kch hot m un cung cp

M n v

M NSD

ng k dch v
thng tin

Yu cu xc
thc
Thng tin t
chc

Yu cu cun cp dch v

Trung tm Mng Thng tin

H thng email v dch v
mng

Tm kim dch v
thng tin

Xc thc

n v s dng thng tin

D
NS

Th mc

nv

a ch dch v

Tn dch v
M

Dch v tn min

Tn, mt khu

Tng la

M n v cung cp, s dng dch v

Th truy cp

Bo mt v kim
sot truy cp

Yu cu xc
thc
Thng tin t
chc

Yu cu s dng dch v
S dng dch v thng tin

8/22/14

H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

53

 1950: one machine=> multiple users

1970: one machine=> one users
1990: multiple machine=> one users

2010: multiple machine=>> multiple users

0 machines => multiple users?

8/22/14

@ Trn Hi Anh 2014

54

Cng ngh thng tin pht trin

Phn cng, phn mm, truyn thng

Cc thit b

Hin i v chc nng, nh gn, kh nng x l cao,

tiu tn in nng t
Truy cp mi ni, mi lc, bng mi phng tin

Ngi s dng

m bo mi trng cho cc thit b hot ng

Kch hot cc thit b khi c nhu cu s dng
Cu hnh, qun tr cc thit b
Qu nhiu yu cu i vi ngi s dng
H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

55

 Cng ngh thng tin

Cng ngh h tr cho mi lnh vc
Chuyn xung background
Ngi s dng khng cn thc hin cc thao

tc kch hot, cu hnh

H thng thng tin phn tn t tm hiu nhu
cu ca ngi s dng thc hin cc thao
tc tng ng
H thng thng tin phn tn t tm hiu mi
trng cu hnh cho ph hp
H phn tn @Trn Hi Anh 2014

56

 Theo

di lng thc n ang c trong cc

t lnh
Theo di lng thc n tiu th
T ng loi cc thc n qu hn
T ng t hng
Cp nht cc thng tin v thc n mi v
cnh bo
Nu c ngi mun theo di thi quen n
ungL
H phn tn @@ Trn Hi Anh 2014

57

 Hin

ti:

Theo di lch, bn , lp lch trnh n xe

Khng cp nht tnh hnh tr, kt xe, lng

khch
Tng

lai

Xc nh s khch mun i phn phi xe

Khng cn bn xe
Hnh khch c thng bo khi no xe n

gn th n
H phn tn @@ Trn Hi Anh 2014

58

 Xc thc c nhn
ng m ca, bt

n, iu khin cc
thit b in theo yu cu

H phn tn @@ Trn Hi Anh 2014

59

5.1. Quan im h thng

5.2. Quan im thut ton
5.3. Quan im cng ngh v ng dng

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

60

 M hnh v kin trc

Qun l tin trnh
Trao i thng tin

nh danh
Thi gian v ng b
Sao lu
Bo mt
Th li

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

61

 H phn tn hng i tng

H phn tn da trn ti liu
H phn tn da trn web
H thng tp phn tn

H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

62

 M hnh hnh thc thc hin ca cc h

thng/thut ton phn tn

th ng, nh tuyn ng
Thi gian v trng thi ton cc
Phi hp v ng b gia cc tin trnh

ng b ng h vt l, tuyn chn, loi tr ln

nhau, pht hin v loi tr im cht, pht hin

trng thi kt thc, thu dn h thng.

63

Trao i thng tin nhm, a im, trt t cc

thng bo
Gim st cc s kin phn tn
Thit k v kim tra cc chng trnh phn tn
Sa li chng trnh phn tn
Cc m hnh sao lu, b m
M phng b nh dng chung

Cc gii thut khng ch i, loi tr ln nhau, xy

dng cc thanh ghi, m hnh thng nht d liu

64

 Bi ton th li
Cc gii thut vi gi nh li, c ch bu, thng

nht kt qu, giao tc phn tn, h thng t n

nh, cc im kim sot v phc hi, pht hin li
phn tn

Cn bng ti
Dch chuyn d liu, lp lch phn tn

Thi gian thc

Hiu nng h thng
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

65

H thng di ng

Qun l thu bao, nh v, chn ng, thit lp knh

truyn

Mng cm bin

Tnh ton khp ni/di ng

P2P
Phn phi ni dung a phng tin
Tc t phn tn
Khai ph d liu phn tn
Tnh ton li/tnh ton m my
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

66

 Distributed

systems: concept and design,

George Coulouris et al. 4th edition, 2005
Distributed Systems: Principles and
Paradigm, Tanenbaum et al. 2nd edition,
2006
Distributed Computing Principles,
Algorithms, and Systems, Ajay D.
Kshemkalyani, Mukesh Singhal
Cc bi bo v cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc
c lin quan
H phn tn @ Trn Hi Anh 2014

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