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27 Physical Properties
27 Physical Properties
This Excel workbook includes Visual Basic for Application function subroutines.
Macros must be enabled for them to work.
Problem Statement:
Calculate the viscosity of a mixture of n-hexane (10 mole%), n-heptane (50 mole%), and noctane (40 mole%), at 20 degC
Input
Component
n-hexane
n-heptane
n-octane
Calculations
Component
n-hexane
n-heptane
n-octane
mole%
0.1
0.5
0.4
1.0
mol% x MW
8.62
50.11
45.69
104.42
MW
Viscosity at 20C, cP
86.18
0.310
100.21
0.409
114.23
0.540
wt%
0.08
0.48
0.44
1.00
ln(viscosity)
wt% x ln(mu)
-1.171182982
(0.10)
-0.894040123
(0.43)
-0.616186139
(0.27)
(0.80)
Answer:
0.451 cP
Problem Statement:
Estimate the viscosity of an emulsion
Inputs
Continuous Phase
Viscosity
20 cP
Dispersed Phase
Viscosity
Volume Fraction in the emulsion
30 cP
0.3
Output
Viscosity of the emulsion
36.29 cP
Problem Statement:
Calculate Antoine Coefficients
Procedure
Ethyl Alcohol
12
log10(p) = A - (B/(C+t))
Intermediate:
0.818814902
A
7.998329425
B
1524.182273
C
218.9511066
VP, mm Hg
63.5
97.5
126
400
1520
3800
1.0
5.0
10.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
100.0
200.0
400.0
760.0
1,520.0
3,800.0
7,600.0
15,200.0
22,800.0
30,400.0
38,000.0
45,600.0
Temp, C
Methyl Alcohol Propane
Toluene
-44
-128.9
-25.3
-115.4
-16.2
-108.5
-6
-100.9
5
-92.4
12.1
-87
21.2
-79.6
34.8
-68.4
49.9
-55.6
64.7
-42.1
84
-25.6
112.5
1.4
138
26.9
167.8
58.1
186.5
78.7
203.5
94.8
214
224
-26.7
-4.4
6.4
18.4
31.8
40.3
51.9
69.5
89.5
110.6
136.5
178
215.8
262.5
292.8
319
Acetic Acid
-17.2
6.3
17.5
29.9
43
51.7
63
80
99
118.1
143.5
180.3
214
252
276.5
297
312.5
Same calculation procedure, but choosing from different mixture concentrations instead of a list of pure compounds
Temp, Deg C
1
10
17
25%
VP, mm Hg
20
65
100
16.3
178
743
Fit:
100.0%
1
log10(p) = A - (B/(C+t))
Intermediate:
0.768492861
A
8.377414641
B
1902.80986
C
245.5616982
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
mm Hg
25 wt%
16.3
22.1
29.6
39.4
51.7
67
87.2
110
141
178
223
277
342
419
510
618
743
50 wt%
15.7
21.4
28.8
38.3
50.2
65
85
107
138
172
216
269
331
407
497
602
725
75 wt%
15.3
20.8
27.8
36.6
48.1
62
80.1
102
130
162
203
251
310
376
458
550
666
Nitrogen
Ammonia
-226.1
-221.3
-219.1
-216.8
-214
-212.3
-209.7
-205.6
-200.9
-195.8
-189.2
-179.1
-169.8
-157.6
-148.3
-109.1
-97.5
-91.9
-85.8
-79.2
-74.3
-68.4
-57
-45.4
-33.6
-18.7
4.7
25.7
50.1
66.1
78.9
89.3
98.3
R2 fit
Max Error
0.996
24.85%
1.000
1.90%
n-Butane n-Pentane
n-Hexane n-Heptane n-Octane
Ethyl Alcohol
-101.5
-76.6
-53.9
-34
-14
-31.3
-85.7
-62.5
-34.5
-12.7
8.3
-12
-77.8
-50.1
-25
-2.1
19.2
-2.3
-68.9
-40.2
-14.1
9.5
31.5
8
-59.1
-29.2
-2.3
22.3
45.1
19
-52.8
-22.2
5.4
30.6
53.8
26
-44.2
-12.6
15.8
41.8
65.7
34.9
-31.2
1.9
31.6
58.7
83.6
48.4
-16.3
18.5
49.6
78
104
63.5
-0.5
36.1
68.7
98.4
125.6
78.4
18.8
58
93
124.8
152.7
97.5
50
92.4
131.7
165.7
196.2
126
79.5
124.7
166.6
202.8
235.8
151.8
116
164.3
209.4
247.5
281.4
183
140.6
191.3
203
218
230
242
Predicted
16.30
22.11
29.66
39.38
51.76
67.40
86.99
111.32
141.31
178.00
222.59
276.41
340.97
417.95
509.21
616.80
743.00
Mean:
SSreg^2
2.13308E-27
0.000113439
0.003927257
0.000418891
0.004000086
0.163194872
0.044046237
1.739239079
0.093935469
8.07794E-28
0.170155263
0.348598421
1.060403485
1.107146335
0.631325489
1.436063167
1.86116E-24
6.802567491
0.999991593
227.9
SStot
error
44774.56
42349.26
39298.04
35539.97
31024.16
25758.97
19855.59
13591.18
7498.436
2490.01
28.22264
2353.179
12784.88
36118.16
79132.75
151244.5
265328
809169.9
0.00%
0.05%
0.21%
0.05%
0.12%
0.60%
0.24%
1.20%
0.22%
0.00%
0.18%
0.21%
0.30%
0.25%
0.16%
0.19%
0.00%
1.20%
Ethyl Alcohol
Range
Predicted
0.8
4.3
9.2
19.2
39.2
59.7
98.6
198.3
400.0
745.5
1,520.0
3,800.0
7,713.7
16,083.1
24,327.9
32,367.4
40,118.5
49172.97784
Error Sum
R2
Mean:
SSreg^2
0.06177444
0.49108192
0.66224024
0.70352376
0.69900355
0.09322951
1.82552225
2.9590412
1.7093E-24
209.523086
3.3087E-24
1.8612E-24
12930.3929
779883.436
2334470.24
3870675.86
4487939.44
12766170.7
24252287.1
0.99557235
1620
SStot
2621966
2610489
2594721
2562685
2499043
2434553
2314509
2021288
1488400
764706.4
10000
4752400
37133325
2.09E+08
5.16E+08
9.45E+08
1.48E+09
2.26E+09
5.48E+09
209.523086
0.99999913
2.4E+08
Total
9,250.9
85565043
85499420
85409068
85224795
84855877
84478051
83763497
81949731
78338234
72341213
59766643
29712190
2362913
46679247
2.27E+08
5.34E+08
9.53E+08
1.59E+09
4.27E+09
Error
24.85%
14.02%
8.14%
4.19%
2.09%
0.51%
1.35%
0.86%
0.00%
1.90%
0.00%
0.00%
1.50%
5.81%
6.70%
6.47%
5.57%
7.84%
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Problem Statement:
Given the air pressure and wet and dry bulb temperatures, calculate the
relative humidity
Input
Dry bulb temperature
Wet bulb temperature
Pressure
100 deg F
80 deg F
760 mm Hg
Constants
Critical Pressure
Critical Temperature
37.77778 deg C
26.66667 deg C
559.67 deg R
539.67 deg R
166818 mm Hg
1165.67 deg R
Equation Parameters
C0
C1
C2
C3
4.39553
-0.0034691
3.0721E-06
-8.8331E-10
K0
K1
K2
0.000367
1571
32
-1.9415512
-1.8721692
0.962275446
0.894729798
PD3
PW3
-0.15484929
-0.13883468
KD
KW
3.261404955
3.279255917
PD
PW
PM
49.07449487
26.2065928
5.748841248
Output
RH
41.69
41.69
Problem Statement:
Demonstrate the use of IAWPS VBA functions to estimate the properties of water and steam
Inputs
Temperature
Pressure
deg K
bar, abs
400
3
Note: the answer "-1" is returned if the input data are outside the allowable range
Property
Density, single-phase
Specific internal energy, single-phase
Specific enthalpy, single-phase
Specific entropy, single-phase
Specific isobaric heat capacity, single-phase
Specific isochoric heat capacity, single-phase
Dynamic viscosity, single-phase
Thermal conductivity, single-phase
Boiling point as a function of pressure
Vapor pressure
kg/m3
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/(kg-K)
kJ/(kg-K)
Pa-s
W/(m-K)
K
bar, abs
937.5118668
532.6637217
532.9837177
1.601173154
4.258601473
3.634739754
0.000218612
0.683669863
406.6753579
2.457531863
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/m3
937.4840056
931.8132267
1.369249628
1.650749356
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
532.6844291
561.1334573
2536.231313
2543.156021
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
532.9465703
561.4554103
2715.711505
2724.891667
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
1.601224944
1.671764673
7.058121754
6.991565929
Kj/(kg-K)
Kj/(kg-K)
Kj/(kg-K)
Kj/(kg-K)
4.258746828
4.271993567
2.216019281
2.261816054
Kj/(kg-K)
3.634800437
Kj/(kg-K)
Kj/(kg-K)
Kj/(kg-K)
3.602913726
1.641552789
1.669985312
Pa-s
Pa-s
Pa-s
Pa-s
0.000218597
0.000206839
1.31925E-05
1.3423E-05
W/(m-K)
W/(m-K)
W/(m-K)
W/(m-K)
0.68363677
0.68365586
0.028347182
0.029240389
Problem Statement:
Estimate the solubility of a gas in petroleum liquid
Input
Select gas
Temperature
Liquid Density
Pressure
Vapor pressure of liquid
Output
Gas solubility in liquid
Data
Gas
He
Ne
H2
N2
Air
CO
O2
Ar
CO2
Kr
Xe
NH3
CO2
60
840
1
0
Notes
Reference: "Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers"
Calculation is performed in a Visual Basic for Applications function call named "GasSol"
Problem Statement:
Determine the surface tension of benzene at 100 deg C. Its surface tension is 29 dynes/cm at 20 deg
C and its critical temperature is 288.5 deg C
Input
Chemical
Surface Tension
Surface Tension temperature
Critical temperature
Desired Temperature
Benzene
29.0
20.0
288.5
100.0
dynes/cm
C
C
C
Output
Surface tension at 100.0 C
19.0 The measured surface tension for benzene at 100 C is 18.2 dynes/cm
s/cm at 20 deg
Problem Statement:
Estimate the compressibility factor for steam at 200 kPa, 300 C and 800 kPa, 510 C
Input
Pressure
Temperature
kPa
C
Water
200
300
Water
800
510
Compressibility Factor
0.9956
0.9930
-25
39.89
29.05
35.63
20.88
66.44
83.48
85.28
73.36
67.60
77.33
34.70
29.09
47.13
38.25
142.94
123.40
28.29
33.31
34.30
29.08
29.13
101.90
105.13
64.18
55.88
33.38
Output
Gas
Acetylene
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Butane, isoButane, nButene, 1Butene, cis-2Butene, trans-2Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
Heptane, nHexane, nHydrogen
Hydrogen sulfide
Methane
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Pentane, isoPentane, nPropane
Propylene
Water
MW
26.038
28.964
17.031
39.948
78.114
58.124
58.124
56.108
56.108
56.108
44.010
28.010
30.070
28.054
100.205
86.178
2.016
34.076
16.043
28.013
31.999
72.151
72.151
44.097
42.081
18.015
Natural Gas
mole frac
Pc
Methane
0.952
45.8
Ethane
0.025
48.2
Propane
0.002
41.9
Butane, iso0.0003
42.7
Butane, n0.0003
37.5
Pentane, iso0.0001
33.4
Pentane, n0.0001
33.3
Hexane, n0.0001
29.3
Nitrogen
0.013
33.5
Carbon Dioxide
0.007
72.8
Oxygen
0.0002
49.8
Hydrogen
0.000001
12.8
Pseudo-Critical Pressure and Temperature
Tc
-82.5
32.3
96.7
151.8
152.1
187.2
196.4
234.3
-146.9
31.1
-118.6
-239.9
y*Pc
43.6
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
45.88 atm
y*Tc
-78.5
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-1.9
0.2
0.0
(0.0)
-79.10 C
Tc
-146.9
-118.6
-122.3
373.9
y*Pc
y*Tc
26.1
-114.6
10.5
-24.9
0.4
-1.1
0.2
0.4
37.24 atm -140.24 C
Air
mole frac
Pc
Nitrogen
0.78
33.5
Oxygen
0.21
49.8
Argon
0.009
48.1
Water
0.001
217.8
Pseudo-Critical Pressure and Temperature
150
51.17
29.43
35.69
20.80
118.20
130.52
130.40
113.86
106.80
113.46
42.10
29.41
68.56
56.21
220.59
190.19
29.18
35.79
41.99
29.28
30.27
160.00
161.45
98.38
83.40
34.42
Pc, atm
60.6
39.0
111.5
48.1
47.9
42.7
37.5
39.7
41.5
40.5
72.8
34.5
48.2
49.7
27.0
29.3
12.8
88.2
45.8
33.5
49.8
33.4
33.3
41.9
45.6
217.8
Critical Properties
Tc, C
Pc, psia
35.2
890.6
-140.0
573.1
132.4
1,638.6
-122.3
706.9
270.6
703.9
151.8
627.5
152.1
551.1
146.4
583.4
162.4
609.9
155.4
595.2
31.1
1,069.9
-240.3
507.0
32.3
708.3
9.3
730.4
267.1
396.8
234.3
430.6
-239.9
188.1
100.1
1,296.2
-82.5
673.1
-146.9
492.3
-118.6
731.9
187.2
490.8
196.4
489.4
96.7
615.8
91.8
670.1
373.9
3,200.1
Tc, F
95.3
-220.0
270.3
-188.2
519.0
305.3
305.7
295.6
324.4
311.8
87.9
-400.5
90.1
48.7
512.7
453.7
-399.9
212.1
-116.5
-232.5
-181.4
369.0
385.6
206.0
197.3
705.1
Perry's, except
water: IAPWS
isopentane: CAMEO Chemicals, NOAA, http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/
air: CodeCogs, http://www.codecogs.com/reference/engineering/thermodynamics
://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/
ference/engineering/thermodynamics/critical_temperature_and_pressure.php