吴哥窟 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书

132445N 103520E
5.5Vrah
Vishnulok.[1]
[2]
[3][4]
30[5]12[6]
[7]
[8]
[9][8]
[9]
1992[10]
19932007
[11]
1863
.[12]
Angkor Wat
Angkor Vat
**
(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
1992
1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.2
6.2.1.3
6.2.1.4
6.2.1.5
6.2.1.6
6.2.1.7
6.2.1.8
6.2.1.9
6.2.1.10
6.2.1.11
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
8
9
(http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668)
* (http://whc.unesco.org/en/list)
**
(http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?
search=&search_by_country=&type=&media=&region=&order=region)
9
10
11
12
13
Siem Reap5.51324451035203030[13]
30003711
100,00014205[14]
[15]
[16]100[17]
-REP[18]
2
34
9802[19]
12[20][20]
12
[21] Divakara
[22][23]30[24]
[25]
1225
[26]Lokornagara 12961296
26
[27][28]
[29][30]
1330-1339
[31]
1403
[32]
1431
16Angkor
WatAngkornagaraWatAngkor Wat
1819[33]
1586
[34]
185718481856[35]
186111863
[36]
[37][38]
18663[39]1867
[40]
1866-1868Doudart de Lagree
Louis Delaporte
Louis Delaporte
[41]18671878
1880-[42]
1886[43]
1866[44]1873
[45]
1873Frank Vincent (1848-1916)-[46]
1859
1866
1872Frank Vincent
1866
18-1866
19071908
190
[47]
[48]
1911[49]
30
1990
[50]
[51]
1.
(isvara)(devi)(Indravarman I),
Indresvara Indra(varman) -ivara([52]
2. Bosch
[53][54]
3. [55]
4. [56]
5.
[57]
12[58]
Brahma[59]
Vishnu11
iva
[60]
[61]4.74.6[61]
13-14
[62]
Devaraja(
) [63]
[64][65]
[66]
[67][68]
[67]
[66]
[63]
[63][7]
[69]kurung bnam)Sailaraja
[70]
Prah Ko [71]
15001300200[72][73]
[74][75]1025802[76]
150013005700190[77]4
[78]
[79]
[80]
[81]
[82]
200
12
[83]
[84]
[82]30
10258024.5[85]235
[86][87][86]
2.2[86][88]
[86][82]14[88][86]
[82]
[89][86]
[90]
1880Delaporte
82[91][91]
[92]
[93][94]
9.53501.5
[95][82]50[96]
33[97]
[97]
16[98]2.3
12212.16[99][97]
[99]
[100]
[9]
33180
2164.16[101]
64.33.182.25
[102][103]
[104][105]
[104]3
3.15
7.74.5[104][104]
[106]
2.53
[104][107][108]
[109]
[110]
[104][111]1873
[104][111]1873
[112][113]
[104]
115100[104]2.45
[104]
[114]
[104]
[115][116]
[104]
30[115]
639[117]70[118]
604262[115]
[119][120][121]
[122]2
[114]
[123][124]
[114]19342523
1865[115][125]
9090
[ 1]
[126]
prasat temple mountain)[127]
[128][128]
[129]
881
[130][131]
947Baksei Chamkrong[132][133]
11[134][135]
BaksaiChamkrong
[136]
9
10921951
111001
1191
[137]
[137]
[138]
[139]
[140]
J. Commaille [141]
[142]
[142]
[143][144]
[142]
[145]
[146][147]
[148]

[149]
[149]
[149]
1000[150]
1880 Louis Delaporte
32
RamaRavana
[151][152]49
[153]
20
[154][154]
[154][155]
90
[156][157][158]
[159]
6032373232
6101123[160]
32[161][160]
[162]
499288
Vasuki
[160][163]
16[164]
[165]
[164] [166]1702
[166]
[164][166]5
[166][164]
94
[167][168][169]
15[167]

[170][167]
[171]
51[172][173] [174]
[174]
[175]
[176]
[177][178]
[179][180]
[181][182]
[183][181]
[145][181]
[145]
[181]
[184]
[185]
[186]9
[187]
[188]
1532[46]
[189]
[190][191],[192]
Ravana[193]
[194]
[195]
[195]88%
[195]190
[195]
[195]
12
[196]
[197][198]50
[197]
bai kriem
[199]40305060-802[200]
[201][199]
[199]
[202]
[203]
[204][205]
[205]

[206][207]
[208]35
3515[208]
352.4
[209]
3485[209]
[210]
1536
2.53
[211]
[212]
[213]
[214]
[215][216]
[217][218]
[200]
[219]
4570
[220]
[221]
[147]
[147][147]
[220]
12
[220]
[220]
[220][220]
[220]
[222]
75%80%
90%62[223]
[224][225]
[226]
[227]
[228]
[229]

[230]

1992
1993 gacp
20%
2002[231]2005
[232]
1993[11]
[233]200410057%[234]
28%[235]
200474[236]
1. ^
1. ^ Angkor Vat (http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/angkor/temples_sites/temples/angkor_vat.html). APSARA Authority. 2004 [27 April 2008].

(http://web.archive.org/web/20080506101000/http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/angkor/temples_sites/temples/angkor_vat.html)6 May 2008.
2. ^ 77 ISBN 7-101-02026-7
3. ^ 8 - (http://trip.elong.com/siemreap/)
4. ^ - (http://natgeotv.com/ca/ancient-megastructures/videos/angkor-wat-city-on-water)
5. ^ George Coedes ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION P18 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1963
6. ^ Maurice Glazie, The Angkor Monuments, Angkor Wat p47
7. ^ 7.0 7.1 George Coeds Angkor An Introduction p32
8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Marilia Albanese p202
9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Maurice Glaize,Monuments of Angkor,Part II, Angkor Wat p59
10. ^ [1] (http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/668)
11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Heritage site in peril: Angkor Wat is falling down - Asia - World - The Independent
(http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/heritage-site-in-peril-angkor-wat-is-falling-down-795747.html)
12. ^ Flags of the World, Cambodian Flag History (http://flagspot.net/flags/kh_hstry.html)
13. ^ Freeman, Ancient Angkor p9
14. ^ 138 2
15. ^ Malcolm MacDonald, Loke Wan Tho, Angkor p67
16. ^
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
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24.
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27.
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60.
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64.
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66.
67.
68.
69.
^ Richard A. Engelhardt,Two Thousand Years of Engineering Genius on the Angkor Plain, p22 Expedition, Volume 37 No.3 1995
^ - (http://www.flightstats.com/go/FlightStatus/flightStatusByAirport.do?airportCode=REP&airportQueryType=1)
^ Michael Freeman, A Golden Souvenior of Angkor,p10
^ 20.0 20.1 Michael Freeman, A Golden Souvenior of Angkor,p11
^ (http://natgeotv.com/ca/ancient-megastructures/videos/angkor-wat-city-on-water)
^ 76 ISBN 7-101-02059-3
^ Sacred Angkor (http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Sacred_Angkor.htm)
^ George Coedes ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION P18 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1963
^ (http://natgeotv.com/ca/ancient-megastructures/videos/angkor-wat-city-on-water)
^
^ Kampong
^ 15-16

ISBN 7-101-02028-3/K
^
^
^ ISBN 7-101-02026-7
^ ISBN 71010006078
^ Charles HighamThe Civilization of ANGKOR P141
^ Higham, The Civilization of Angkor 1-2
^ Charles Emile Bouillevaux: Voyage en Indochine 1848-1856, L'Annam et le Cambodge
^ Henri Mouhot:Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos (1999/1868) ISBN 2-88086-242-6
^ Henri Mouhot:Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos (1999/1868) p279-282 ISBN 2-88086-242-6
^ Ancient Angkor p40
^ (http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/exhibition-reading-europe/detail.html?id=109614)
^ John Thomson, The Antiquities of Cambodia. A series of photographs taken on the spot with letterpress descriptionEdmonston & Douglas,
Edinburgh, 1867
^ Michael Freeman,A Golden Souvenir of Angkor p9
^ Louis Delaporte Voyage au Cambodge 1880 Paris (http://books.google.ca/books?
id=cQkPAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=louis+delaporte&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oIkmUvuLEKXYsASm5oHAAw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=louis%20delaporte&f=false)
^
(http://www.risd.edu/uploadedFiles/RISD_edu/Academics/Departments/History,_Philosophy_+_The_Social_Sciences/Faculty/Profiles/Hierarchies_of_Value_at_Angkor_Wat.pdf)
^ Emile Gsell, Asie, 1866
^ Francis Garnier VOYAGE D'EXPLORATION EN INDO-CHINE, HACHETTE,PARIS,1873
^ 46.0 46.1 Frank Vincent,The Land of the White Elephant, Sights and Scenes in South-eastern Asia : a Personal Narrative of Travel and Adventure
in Farther India, Embracing the Countries of Burma, Siam, Cambodia, and Cochin-China, 1871-2, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle. 1873
^ Maurice Gaize:The Angkor Monuments p57
^ George Coedes, ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION p20
^ Maurice Glaize, Angkor Monuments p23
^ George Coedes ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION p22-23
^ Freeman, Michael and Jacques, Claude (1999). Ancient Angkor. River Books. ISBN 0-8348-0426-3. p48
^ Maurice Glaize, The Monument of Angkor p23
^ Maurice Glazier A Guide to the Angkor Monuments p59
^ Maurice Glazier A Guide to the Angkor Monuments p60
^ Bela Kalman,Joan Lebold Cohen ANGKOR MONUMENTS OF THE GOD-KING P19
^ Freeman A Golden Souvenir of Angkor p11
^ Maurice Glaize,Angkor Monuments p 14
^ Freeman p25
^ 61.0 61.1 Freeman et al Ancient Angkor p22
^ George Coedes, Angkor An Introduction p32
^ 63.0 63.1 63.2 Angkor Monuments of The God-king p20
^ Angkor Monuments of The God-king p22
^ Maurice Glaize,Angkor Monuments p13
^ 66.0 66.1 Malcolm MacDonald Luke Wan Tho, Angkor p46
^ 67.0 67.1 George Coeds Angkor An Introduction p31
^ Freeman, A Golden Souvenir of Angkor p12
^ George Coedes, ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION P2
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
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85.
86.
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88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
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97.
98.
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104.
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105.
106.
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156.
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158.
159.
160.
161.
^ Marilia Albanese p220

^ Tamura and Isizawa: Along The Royal Roads to AngkorWeatherhill2005New York 18ISBN 0-8348-0472-7
^ Yoshiaki Ishizawa p7
^ Malcolm MacDonald and Loke Wan Tho P67
^ J.Commaile p47
^ Michael Freeman Ancient Angkor p51
^ Malcolm MacDonald and 51 Angkor Wat,The moat,Enclosure and Central Temple
^ Angkor Monuments of The God-King p95
^ Louis Delaporte, Voyage au Cambodge, Paris,Delagrave 1880
^ 114.0 114.1 114.2 Maurice Glaize,The Angkor Monuments, Angkor Wat p58
^ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 Maurice Glaize p65
^ Henri Mouhot,Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos p298
^ Freeman p54
^ Henri Mouhot p298
^ Yoshiaki Ishizawa p20
^ Yoshiaki Ishzawa p10
^ Angkor Wat History (http://www.livescience.com/23841-angkor-wat.html)
^ Marilia Abanese p223
^ Freeman p232
^ 128.0 128.1 Freeman, p22
^ Freeman, p25
^ Maurice Glaize p195-199
^ Bela Kalman p23
^ George Coedes p28
^ Bela Kalman No16 Baksei Chamkrong
^ Bela Kalman, #35 Phimeanakas
^ Maurice Glaize p115
^ Freeman &Claude Jacques p22-25
^ 137.0 137.1 Malcolm MacDonald, Angkor p104
^ Maurice Glaize,Angkor Monuments p44
^ Freeman,Ancient Angkor p48
^ J. Commaille, GUIDE AUX RUINES D'ANGKOR P37
^ J.COMMAILE, GUIDE AUX RUINES D'ANGKOR P45
^ 142.0 142.1 142.2 Angkor Momunents, Sculpture in the Round p43
^ Angkor, An Introduction p46
^ Angkor Monuments of The God-King p54
^ 145.0 145.1 145.2 Malcolm MacDonald, Angkor p106
^ Bela Kalman and Joan Lebold Cohen,Angkor Monuments of the God-King p64
^ 147.0 147.1 147.2 147.3 Maurice Glaize, The Angkor Monuments p31
^ Marilia Abanese p144
^ 149.0 149.1 149.2 Maurice Glaize, Angkor Monuments p35
^ Maurice Glaize,The Angkor Monuments, The Bas-Reliefs p66
^ [http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/angkor/temples_sites/temples/ angkor_vat.html APSARA ]
^ Maurice Glaize The Angkor Monuments p66 1993
^ 154.0 154.1 154.2 Ancient Angkor p57
^ Maurice Glaize, The Angkor Monuments, The Bas-Reliefs, p66-67
^
^ Angkor Wat Gallery of Bas Reliefs (http://www.angkorguide.net/en/temples/temples-in-angkor/angkor_wat/angkor-wat-gallery-of-bas-reliefs.html)
^ Maurice Glazie Angkor Monuments p68
^ Maurice Glaize, The Angkor Monuments, The Bas-Reliefs p66
^ 160.0 160.1 160.2 Ancient Angkor p62
^ Thousand-year-old depictions of massage abortion (http://bixby.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Thousand-year-old-depictions-ofmassage-abortion.pdf)
^ Michael Freeman,Ancient Angkor p63
^ 164.0 164.1 164.2 164.3 Maurice Glaize Angkor Monuments p69
^ Angkor Wat - 7th Wonder of the World (http://www.tourismcambodia.com/attractions/angkor/angkor-wat.htm)
^ 166.0 166.1 166.2 166.3 Michael Freeman,Ancient Angkor p64
^ 167.0 167.1 167.2 Ancient Angkor p65
^ Maurice Glaize Angkor Monuments p69-70
^ Maurice Glaize Angkor Monuments p69
^ Maurice Glaize Angkor Monuments p70-71
^ Angkor Monuments of The God King p75
^ Maurice Glaize Angkor Monuments p71
^ 174.0 174.1 Ancient Angkor p67
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
George Coedes, ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION P2

20
George Coedes ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION p23
Maurice Glazie, The Angkor Monuments, Angkor Wat p57
Ancient Angkor p46
Malcolm MacDonald, , Angkor, plate 50&51 by Loke Wan Tho,Angkor Wat,The moat,Enclosure and Central Temple
Malcolm MacDonald, , Angkor p102
Ancient Angkor p47
Maurice Glaize A Guide to the Angkor Monuments p1
[2] (http://www.livescience.com/23841-angkor-wat.html)
Mirilia Abanese p201
Marilia Albanese p207
Henri Mouhot:Voyage dans les royaumes de Siam, de Cambodge, de Laos (1999/1868) p286 ISBN 2-88086-242-6
82.0 82.1 82.2 82.3 82.4 Marilia Abanese p209
Maurice Glaize A Guide to the Angkor Monuments The Mot p62
John Thomson, Antiquities of Cambodia p21>

86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 86.4 86.5 Maurice Glaize p61
88.0 88.1 Henri Mouhot p286
Ancient Angkor p50
Ancient Angkor p49
91.0 91.1 Ancient Angkor p47
>
Ancient AngkorRiver Books200849-50
Marilia Abanese,p208
Maurice Glaize Angkor Monuments p56
Freeman p49
97.0 97.1 97.2 Maurice Glazier A Guide to the Angkor Monuments The Mot p62
Ancient Angkor p50
99.0 99.1 Henri Mouhot p289
Eleanor Mannika:Angkor Wat (http://huntingtonarchive.osu.edu/seasia/angkor.html)
Henri Mouhot p290
Maurice Glaize,The Angkor Monuments, The Bas-Reliefs p61
104.00 104.01 104.02 104.03 104.04 104.05 104.06 104.07 104.08 104.09 104.10 Maurice GlaizeThe Angkor Monuments 63
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
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195.
196.
197.
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^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
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^
^
174.0 174.1 Ancient Angkor p67
[devata-in-angkor ]
Malcolm MacDonald, Angkor p105
Bela Kalman and Joan Lebold Cohen,Angkor Monuments of the God-King p59

181.0 181.1 181.2 181.3 Maurice Glaize, Angkor Monuments p37
Angkor, An Introduction p50
Angkor Monuments of The God-King p65
Angkor Monuments of The God King p78
Malcolm MacDonald, Angkor p67
Michael Freeman, Ancient Angkor p34
George Coedes, Angkor An Introduction p48
Angkor Monument of The God King p57
Maurice Glaize,Angkor Monuments, p38
Angkor Monuments of the God-king p56
J Commaille GUIDE AUX RUINES D'ANGKOR P33
Malcolm MacDonald & Loke Wan Tho P67
195.0 195.1 195.2 195.3 195.4 - (http://natgeotv.com/ca/ancient-megastructures/videos/angkor-wat-city-on-water)
Ancient Angkor p28
197.0 197.1 Maurice Glazie,The Angkor Monuments,p30
198. ^ Selected Papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, The British Museum
London p357
199. ^ 199.0 199.1 199.2 Ancient Angkor p28
200. ^ 200.0 200.1 Marilia Albanese p144
201. ^ , Geotechnical Study on Ground and Masonary Structures in Angkor p136 2001
202. ^ Maurice Glazie The Angkor Monuments p31, 1993
203. ^ Marilia Albanese p213
204. ^
205. ^ 205.0 205.1 Freeman p29
London 14th - 17th September 2004 p367
207. ^ Michael Freeman and Claude Jacques, Ancient Angkor p29
208. ^ 208.0 208.1 (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2226195/Mystery-Angkor-Wats-massive-stones-solved-brought-area-massive-network-canals.html)
209. ^ 209.0 209.1 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440312004384)
210. ^ J Commaille Guide Aux Ruine d'Angkor, Librairie Hachette, Paris 1912
211. ^ Henri Mouhot Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China,Cambodia and Laos, p299, John Murray, London, 1864
212. ^ (http://www.angkorwat-4u.com/2012/12/angkor-wat-is-biggest-khmer-temple_962.html)
213. ^ - (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a9adBsGYDk)
214. ^ Henri Mouhot Travels in the Central Parts of Indo-China,Cambodia and Laos, p300, John Murray, London, 1864
216. ^ Maurice Glaize, The Angkor Monuments p31
London p367
219. ^ Maurice Glaize,Angkor Monuments p31
220. ^ 220.0 220.1 220.2 220.3 220.4 220.5 220.6 Maurice Glaize, The Angkor Monuments p32
221. ^ Marilia Albanese p144
222. ^ Uchida et al, Deterioration of stone materials in the Angkor monuments, CambodiaEngineering Geology Volume 55, Issues 12, January 2000,
Pp101112
223. ^ ukaszewicz, J.W. & Niemcewicz, P. (eds.): 11th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Torun, Poland 2008.
Proceedings vol. I, p268 H. Siedel1*, E. v. Plehwe-Leisen2, H. Leisen3 SALT LOAD AND DETERIORATION OF SANDSTONE AT THE TEMPLE OF ANGKOR WAT,
CAMBODIA
224. ^ 11th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Torun, Poland 2008. Proceedings vol. I, p267
225. ^ Heiner Seidal et al,Sandstone weathering in tropical climate: Results of low-destructive investigations at the temple of Angkor Wat,
Cambodia, Engineering Geology Volume 115, Issues 34, 1 October 2010, Pp182192
228. ^ Heiner Seidal et al,Sandstone weathering in tropical climate: Results of low-destructive investigations at the temple of Angkor Wat,
Cambodia, Engineering Geology Volume 115, Issues 34, 1 October 2010, Pp182192
229. ^ Salt weathering of sandstone at the Angkor monuments, Cambodia: identification of the origins of salts using sulfur and strontium
isotopes,Journal of Archaeological Science Volume 33, Issue 11, November 2006, Pages 1541
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NASA
(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Angkor_Wat?
uselang=zh-cn)
(http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/5000/5112/angkor_wat_IKO_2004103_lrg.jpg)
(http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/12802/1150956.html)
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Rolamd Fletcher lecture on use of LiDAR at Amgkor, 2013 (http://ias.umn.edu/2013/11/07/thurs-angkor-cambodia/)
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&oldid=33092407
20141027 () 03:46
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132445N 103520E

prasat temple mountain)[127]

1880 Louis Delaporte

1. ^ Angkor Vat (http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/angkor/temples_sites/temples/angkor_vat.html). APSARA Authority. 2004 [27 April 2008].

^ Marilia Albanese p220

George Coedes, ANGKOR AN INTRODUCTION P2

John Thomson, Antiquities of Cambodia p21>

174.0 174.1 Ancient Angkor p67

. . 2000. ISBN 7-101-02028-3.

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