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Std07 I TamEng
Std07 I TamEng
j
VHh tF
Kj gUt
2
j
a xW br
thJ
bghU : iria aifnahL izj gghsnd! bgfSF jhikah
bgUik nrj bgUikFatnd! bfhiljikia cdfSF jj
ts jik cilatnd! cs cikia itj cwilnahnd!
cid thJnw.
brhbghU : g - ir ; tik - bfhiljik ; ngh - thJnw.
gid aif itj
ggnd ngh ngh
bgik jhik itj
bgand ngh ngh
tikia c itj
tsny ngh ngh
cik Uif itj
cwtnd ngh ngh. *
- U. . fahzRjudh
Ma F
bga : U. . fahzRjudh
(Uth% Ujhrydh kfdh
fahzRjudh vgj
RUfnk U. . f. vgJ.)
bgnwh : Ujhrydh - dikah.
wj C : fhu khtlYs Js.
, jbghGJ jly vd
miHfgLwJ. , bridia
mLJs ngh%UF nknf csJ.
w : t bjhyhs eyDF bgf
KndwJF mauhJ ghLglh;
nkiljGF yfz tFjh.
t je ilia n g h
jbjw vd wfgLwh.
* kdghlgF
3
j
thik
UFw
1. thik vdgLt(J) ahbj ahbjhW
ik yhj brhy. *
bghU : thik vd nghwgL g vJbt, mJ kwtUF
vtifY F juhj brhfis ngRj.
2. bghik thik lj iuj
eik gaF bk. *
bghU : w F F w k w e ik ia jUk h , bg h
cikahf fUjgL.
brhbghU : iu Fw; gaF - jU.
3. jbeR mtJ bghaf bghj
jbenr jid RL. *
bghU : j ber mJ bgh TwTlhJ. T, j bernk
jid tUJ.
brhbghU : RL - tUJ.
4. csjh bghah bjhG cyfjh
csJ vyh cs.
bghU : xUt j cs ma bghyhk elghdhdh,
mjifat cyfjh csf vyh Ugt Mth.
5. kdbjhL thik bkh jtbjhL
jhdbr th jiy.
bghU : kdbjh L bgh Ua th ik ngRgt, jh d jt
brwtfis fhoY cajtdhf fUjgLth.
6. bghahik md fiy vahik
vyh mwK jU.
bghU : bgh ngrhik xUtDF vyh fiH jU; m~J mt
tUjhknyna mtDF vyh eyfis jU.
brhbghU : md - mit nghtd; vahik - tUjhik.
5
j
cyf bkhf
cyf MwhuJF nkgl bkhf csd. mtW
gy ngRbkhfns. vGJbkhfshf csdtW ya ts
iwjit f ynt. v ngr, v ghl aw aifahf
mikjJ bjbkhaha j xnw vW tsyh mUwh. cyf
bkhf wjJ jbkhna vd mPf FLwhf.
brbkhf
Ua braf bghUa bkhf brbkhf vdgL.
nuf, y, rkUj, d, vnua, mu, <U Matiw
brbkhf vd goaLwh bkha mP r.mfaf.
tW nuf, y, rkUj Ma bkhf W
ngRtH iy.
brbkh j w
cy W tHF bkhf njhWtjF Kghfnt
vzw yfz ya tsfis bfhljhf saJ jbkh.
bjhfha, gJghL, vLbjhif, gbdfzF,
ygfhu, knkfiy, Kbjhshu, iwadh mfbghU
Ma bra yaf, jiH brbkh vd iyehLtjF
ca rhWfshf fwd.
gbdfz xwhd UFwSF izahd ntW
cy iy.
mjdhjh lhl bus, jbkh mHfhd u ntiy
ghlikj btjL; UFw m itfgLs jf M;
j vid <jJ; Fwnsh vid GjJ vW bkhJ wh.
j jbgUjikf
aghf njha jbkh caa gf, jikfg
xbthU jHD mJbfhSj ntL.
ciueil
brbkh j
8
j
m) bjhik
cy fgiHikahd ygF Fkfl. mygF
flnfhsh _lJ. mbjhyjh j njhabjd
joayfhu nknfh br TWwJ.
Xf ilt Janjh bjhHs
Vbfh Phy UsfW - MftW
nd jah btfbuh nwidaJ
jnd yhj j.
M) bkik
j bknyhir bkhahUgjdhnyna, m~J cyf Kj
bkhah njh tHbfhahk W sik khwhk
fjHh UJ tUwJ. jiH jhbkhahf bfhshjtU
Ka tUj vjhf mjid ff ngr aYwJ.
vfhyJ cs vHToa fUJfis vyh bjfjf
brhfis bfhljhf jbkh sFwJ.
) jhik
bgnwhiu FF mik, mg vD ehehL j
brhf, tlbkh cgl cyf bgUbkhf gytY to J
tH tUwd. jbrh yhj cyf bgUbkh ahbjhW
iy vgJ kWf Koahj cik.
<) ik
j tHa Mufzfhd ngR tHF brhfS,
tHF brhfS fhybts kiwJ
nghd. vs gHbrhfis bfhL
njitnfg J brhfis idJ
wbkh Jiz jHh jJ
af aY. ikia mnj, j
wbkh Jiz jJ aFtJ
kLk jiHnjhf br vW
Tdh fhLbt.
c) brik
kfSF xGf tu njitahdJ
nghynt bkhF yfz tu brhfSF
Ua to aikahjd. tiw
j csJngh, ntW vbkhY fhz
ayhJ. mjdhnyna j, brj vdglJ.
fhLbt
9
j
C) Kik
KjrfUnj ir ehlfK awnHhL izJ
KjbHd tH tuyhW. KjU rfY tHa yfz
f Kj gadthfnt Ujd.
v) aif ts
vyhbrhY bghU Fjdnt vgJ bjhfha gh.
j LF bgaf f Fiw. xUik, gik vD
Utif v kLnk j cL. Mdh, tlbkh xUik, Uik,
gikbad _tif v csd. j cfSF kLnk ghntWghL
cL; bghUfSF ghntWghL iy. Mdh, wbkhf
jifa gFKiw iy.
V) yfz iw
vyh bkhfS vGJF brhYF yfz TW. Mdh,
j mtWl nrJ thaYfhd bghUyfzij TWwJ.
mjid mf, w vd Utifahf gFJsJ.
I) br w
gil j yafS yfzfS br tonyna
Ujd. fgh Kjyhd br tiff ntW vbkhY iy.
x) mw
ytf brSF w nrf ctik, cUtf Kja
mfis gagL ghlfis ashf.
X) w
Mufzfhd j f aif wfsh mJnghd.
iljdtW rffhy f jHj bkhia gghil
sFtdthf fwd.
jifa Ga ajF gghLfis fis bfhlJ
jbkh. mjifa caj brbkhah jbkhia czJ
fW ngh fhngh.
10
j
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol lij uf.
m) cy fgiHikahd ygF .
M) j bgaf f Fiw.
) vyh bkhfS vGJF yfz TW.
<) ytf brSF w nrf ctik, gagL
mHF nrjd.
2. ca ilia nj brf.
m) cyf bkhf wJ sFtJ
1. jbkh 2. tlbkh 3. kiyahs
M) mik, mg vD brh tHF ehL
1. bfhFehL 2. tUrehL 3. ehehL
) thaYF yfz TW bkh
1. tlbkh 2. bjYFbkh 3. jbkh
M) FWdhf
1 . cyf bkhf wjbkh vJ? vd?
2. brbkhahf fUjgL bkhf ahit?
3. j sik khwh jikF fhuz vd?
4. j, caj brbkh vd nghwgLtnj?
5. jHj gghil sF f ahit?
) Wdhf
1 . brbkh j jwf ahit?
2. j, bjhikbkh vgjF rhW jUf.
3. j, jaF bkh vgjid FLf.
<) beLdh
j jbgUjikfis sFf.
11
j
bej y Cf
gHfhy flfiu cUthd ng%f god vd, f
ghf vd bga bgUjd. beoa flfiuia cila jHf
gujt thj Cf Hfiu, nfhoafiu, yhfiu vd bga
bgUwd. fhy dt thGlf bgaf, Fg
vD bgaiu nrJ g bgU tUwd.
muR CfS
bgUntjU FWy kdU muf mikJ kfis
fhjd. mufS nfhil xW. nfhil NHUj Cfns
fjtnfhil, nfhil, njtnfhil, ehlurnfhil, y
nfhil, gLnfhil, Jnfhil vd tHfyhd.
ir CfS
ehir bgafS CfSl Ffbgwd. j CUF Hnf
vGj CgFia > vd, nknf mikj CgFia nk
vd bgaL tHd. bjnf csJ bjgHahf tlnf
csJ tlgHahf bga bgwd.
ehaf kdf jHfij vGguL ghisafshf J
j MSifFgLdhf. mtf CbgafSl ghisaij
nrJ tHdhf. mthW bgabgw Cf Mughisa,
uhrghisa, fzfghisa, Fkhughisa, nfhbroghisa,
nfhghisa, nkLghisa vd gythF.
fhyRH, Mkhw, ntdfy Kja fhuzfsh
Kjiy CbgafS jjikf CbgafS ijJ, J,
kU, kh tHfyhd.
fbtLf fhzgL kiu kUijah W kJiuahf
khsJ. nfht vD bga nfhaK M, W
nfhitahf kUsJ. njnghy, cf CbgaU khljh?
iy, fjHh khwh siknahL tHFwjh vd jid
brf.
kh dhf
fLiu dhf
1. F, Kiy y Cbgafis ca rhWfSl sFf.
2. kUj, bej y CbgafSfhd fhuzfis vGJf.
14
j
yfz
rhbgGJf tiff
khztf : tzf, Iah.
Ma : FHijfns tzf! ky, c o ahbuyh
Uf?
ky : eh, mkh, mgh, j Ma eht cnsh, Iah.
Ma : r, o Kjikahdtf c jkh?
ky : iy, Iah. mgh mkhjh.
Ma : mgoah... j...
ky : mgh mkhit rhJ thnwh, Iah.
Ma : o Kj bghWghsf bgnwhf. mtf jhnk
jJ aFwhf. vdnt, mtf Kjikahdtf.
mjidnghynt, e jbkhY c vGJf
guL, bkbaGJf gbdL jJ a
KjikbgW sFtjh, mtiw KjbyGJf
vnwh. FHijfsha f, c bgnwhiu
rhUgjid nghynt, KjbyGJfis rhJtU
vGJfis rhbgGJf vnwh. cl - tzl
brh c vgJ c vGJ. l, vgd vd
vGJf?
nty : l cbk vGJ, vgJ bkbaGJ, Iah.
Ma : + m = l. vD bkbaGJ, m vD c
vGJ nrJ, l vD cbk vGjhf wjJ.
jidnghnw kw cbk vGJfS ciu
bkia rhJ tU.
cbk, Mj, cusbgil, xwsbgil, Fafu,
FaYfu, IfhuFWf, xsfhuFWf, kfuFWf,
MjFWf vd rhbgGJf gJ tifgL.
khztf : KjbyGJf, rhbgGJfg fWbfhnlh. Iah.
g : Gs brhf KjbyGJfis tlLf.
m) m M) fl ) g <) mkh c) j
15
j
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
nfhol l ca ilia vLJ vGJf.
1. Mj vGJtifia rhjJ.
m) Kj vGJ M) bkbaGJ ) rhbgGJ
2. rhbgGJf tifgL.
m) 10 M) 18 ) 12
3. KjbyGJf vif
m) 216 M) 30 ) 247
M) FWdhf
1. KjbyGJ vwh vd?
2. KjbyGJf ahit?
3. rhbgGJ vwh vd?
4. rhbgGJ vjid tifgL? mit ahit?
5. uL brh lbgWs rhbgGJfis vGJf.
6. rhbgGJf lbgwhj ehF brhfis vGJf.
tFgiwwf
mogil wf g bgWtjfhf tFgiw wf mikf
gLsd. gF ngRj, goj, vGJj, gilghw, fyJiuahl,
brhngh Kjad, bkhw gfS csd. jbHfis mnth,
thifw, kf, g, jaf jnyna ngRnth Ma gFfS
izfgLsd.
m) ngRj w
1. bkhna ekF Kft jiy IJ kJ ngRf.
2. thikna btY vD jiy fyJiuahLf.
M) goj w
tU ciugFia ca xl thL gof.
cHt fhiy fhisia Xo brwh. mt, fLgY j gia
wghf brjh; thiH njhlJF j ghdh; ViHahf UjhY
vLj ntiyia ntis juhJ brJ Kojh.
16
j
) vGJj w
bfhLfgLs ghliy goJ dhfSF ilaf. (kh )
be tGthk f ntL
berhu cikjid ngr ntL
Xkiw cajtiu kf ntL
xgw Mrhbrh nff ntL
Mny thjKiw idf ntL
Mg cwtF cjt ntL
nrhto thdtid brhy ntL
Rfbgwnt thahu thj ntL.
dhf : 1. vgo fntL?
2. vthW cik ngrntL?
3. ahiu kfntL?
4. ahUila brhiy nffntL?
5. ghlYnfw jiy jUf.
ilf : 1. be tGthk fntL
2. kdka cik ngrntL.
3. f, nff wj rhnwhiu kfntL.
4. xgw Mrh brh nffntL.
5. thG Kiw - ghlYnfw jiy.
g
1. bfhLfgLs ghliy goJ dhfSF ilaf.
rhf iyao ghgh - Fy
jh ca brhy ght
cajk f - m
iwa cilatf nknyh
c fl m ntQ - bjt
cikbaW jhdj ntQ
tuKila beR ntQ - J
thG Kiwikao ghgh. - ghuah
dhf : 1. vJ ght?
2. nknyh vjika?
3. ahl m brYJj ntL?
4. thG Kiw ahJ?
5. ghlYnfw jiy jUf.
<) bral : go vd Ko Cbgafis bjhFf.
17
j
bkhw g
m) td F lf
uL brhf xwhf nrUnghJ il , , , Ma ehF td
bkbaGJf vbfF F vgJ FJ mnth.
m, , c vgd RblGJf vgjid Mwh tF ff.
j vGJfK td vGJfis Kjyhf cila brh tJ nrjh,
il mbtG bkbaGJ njhW. jid tbyhW Fj vg.
m + iga = miga
( m K ig vD gfu tUf vGJ tjjh, mbtG bkbaGjha
njhaJ.)
m + ril = mril
+ njhl = njhl
+ Fs = Fs
c + gf = cgf
( c vD RblGjhdJ
jbghGJ tHf iy )
v vD dh vGJFK
td vGij Kjyhf cila
brhf tjhY td F.
v + Fl = vFl
v + ril = vril
M) j vfis mnth gfl
mu
v
j
v
mu
v
j
v
1 1 6 6
2 2 7 7
3 3 8 8
4 4 9 9
5 5 10 10
) fLiu vGJj : vf C
F rlf : KDiu, Cbgafhuz, C viyf, C mik, wf,
Koiu.
<) mfutir mikj
1. tU c vGJfis mfutir mikf.
v, xs, <, c, I, C, M, m, x, , V, X.
ehnd brnt
m + Fl =
m + Tl =
m + bgo =
v + g =
v + rl =
v + FHij =
+ W =
+ njh =
+ jf =
18
j
kf
J
guL tanyna kngh, yg, thR vd ufiyfis vyh
fW njUjh mWt. kJiuF mU bahW CUF EiHJ
fgLw kfis MLkhLfis mJ tjJ. mjid nfw kf
mrnjhL thjd. kf mrij nghf fUa mur rauf brhfehj,
iabfhW JgtfSF gR tHfgL vW mjh. iy,
xUeh CUF Fj mia jifUj Mjjhnyna bfhW dh
mWt. murU gRf gy tH mtid wjh.
siknyna JrY, uKbfhL sa mWtjh dh
njt vW midtuhY nghwglh. a LjiyF bjdfUJ
maiu vj wj u njtdhth.
khztfns! fS siknyna Jl bragLf. Vbd, vW
xUtF Jnt Jizahf F.
f JJ brj brafis egfSl fyJiuahLf.
v vfhy lf
( tUfhy eh...)
20
j
tsu braghLf
nfl w braghL - 1
fhQ ciugia goJ dhfSF ilaf.
jHf wku gidkukhF. br y tufJ gid
kufis cHtf tsjhf. nghFtuJfhf bghJkf gagLJ
rhiyia ntW ahU ifgLj TlhJ vgjfhf rhiy
UkUY gidkufis tsjd. V, Fs, thfh Kjat
fiufJ k mig jLgjfhf mj cW jikfhf
gidkuf bgUks tsfgld. gidkuf jU EF, gj,
ffL Kjad kj clYF bgU eikia brtd. nkY,
o dfis jh bfhL e thit fhgd. bgUghik
jH mWKj Wtiu gidku Xiyfshjh TiuntJ
thwhf. thW jHj thnthL izUF gidkuf W
m WbfhoUwd. isyf Lkidfshf
khWnghJ, myfYs gidkufns Kj fsgahwd. nkY,
brfNisfSfhf gyhLfhy beoJaj gidkuf bgUks
bto rhfgLwd.
gidkuf rntfis bfhoUgjdh, fllfSF
vj gh VgLtJ iy. gidkuf Fahd iuTl cRtJ
iy. thW jHf wkukhf cs gidkuij fhjY
tsjY jH xbthUt flikahF.
dhf
1. jHf w ku Myku. (cik /bgh)
2. kj clYF eikjU bghUfis gidkuf jUwd.
(cik/bgh)
3. gidkuf kzig jLF. (cik /bgh)
4. gidkuf cf LF mU tsjh mit fllij ghF.
(cik/ bgh)
5. gidkuf Fahd iu c yjo klij FiwJL.
(cik/bgh)
21
j
ngRj w braghL - 2
fhLbt thif Ffis bfhL, ca iz brhfis
gagL ngRf.
bga : fhLbt
wj ML : 1815
ehL : mayhJ
jHf thj l : ilaFo
(Ubent khtl)
jbjhL : uhlbkhf jh
j vd cyFF
giwrhaJ.
aa : uhlbkhf
xyfz
kiwj C : bfhilfhd
kiwj ML : 1891
vGJj w
mfutirgLJj w braghL - 3
fhQ brhfis mfu tir vGJf.
rh, RF, nrik, brhyh, rl, Wfij, brthiH,
, nrhs, Nlhk
22
j
flj braghL - 6
Ffis gagL Cbgafis flf.
1. brh KDs <buGJ kaf jU; <buGJ bgUik jU; uL
nrjh CuhF.
2. brh K gF L fl cj; gF Mil bea cj; uil nrjh
Cbga fhzyh.
3. brh Kj gF nkik jU; ulh gF czit jU; _wh gF
fhtiy jU; _W nrjh CuhF.
4. brh Kj gF kho bgauhF; ulh gF dh brhyhF; _wh gF
iwt lhF; _W nrjh CuhF.
5. brh Kj gF iwt UlkhF; ulh gF MLf UlkhF;
uL nrjh CuhF.
6. brh Kj gF nkik; ulh gF ky; _wh gF o EiHl;
_W nrjh CuhF.
7. brh Kj gF btbzia cUdh ilgJ; ulh gF fhtiy jUtJ;
uL nrjh Ruf UF CuhF.
bjhFj braghL - 7
a khyf bgafis mF ngrgL bkhf bgafis
bjhFf.
khy bkh khy bkh
1. jehL j 4.
2. nfush 5.
3. 6.
24
j
a uL br
weh}W
beY cunw Uc unw
kd cnj kyjiy cyf
mjdh ahc vgJ mif
ntF jhid ntjF flnd. *
- nkhudh
bghU : yfjhF beY U cuhfh. KiwbrJ fhjdh
kdtnd cuhth. ntgil cila ntj flik ehil ng fhgnj
MF.
brhbghU : mif - mjntL; jhid - gil; flnd - flik.
Ma F : ghliy ghoat nkhudh. bjgho ehoYs
nkh vD C thjt. u vgJ Fobgauhf FlgLwJ.
cl nrhdh muRFa KuR fo cwanghJ, nrukh bgUnru
Ubghiw vw murdh ftr bgw bgUikFat. t ghoa ghlf
mfeh}W, FWbjhif, eiz MatW csd.
F : w + ehF + W = weh}W. vLbjhif fS
xW. J wga eh}W ghlf bjhF. w vgJ kw brjY mw
brjY MF. cs ghlf gntW fhyf gntW lf
thj ytfshY kdfshY ghlbgwit. weh}W ghlf_y
gila jHf kdf mw cz, u, bfhil, M w, f
bgUik Kjatiw ytf bgUj, kfSila ehff, gghL
Kjatiw mayh.
ga : weh}iw fgjdh, jHj gHfhy wthifia
gghil mJ bgUj bfhsyh.
murid FF ntW bgaf : nfh, kd, ntj.
27
j
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol lij uf.
m) weh}W fS xW.
M) beY cunw vD ghliy ghoat .
2. ca ilia nj brf.
m) nkhudh cl nrhdh KuRfo cwanghJ
ft a kd
1. ghoa beLbra 3. nfhbgUnrhH
2. nrukh bgUnru Ubghiw
M) tU brhfis brhbwhl mikf.
be, c, , ntj.
) FWdhf
1. weh}W - W F vGJf.
2. nkhudhiu g F jUf.
3. cyf cfis fhwit vit?
<) Wdh
ntj fldhf weh}W FL br ahJ?
28
j
KJbkhfh
wj gJ
(wjbjd TwgL gJ bghUis
jdfnj bfhoUgJ wj gJ.)
1. Mf cyfJ kf bfyh
Xj wj(W) xGf cilik.
2. fhj wjW fzr gLj.
3. nkij wjW fwJ kwthik.
4. tik wjW thik ilik.
5. sik wjW bk ik.
6. eyDil ik ehQ wjW.
7. FyDil ik f wjW.
8. fw fwhiu tgLj wjW.
9. brwhiu brWj jbrif wjW.
10. KbgU f Wfhik wjW.
- kJiu TlHh
bghU : 1. flNj yf kf midt F fwiyl
xGfKilikna wjJ. 2. wF mfhLtY brafsh mt
nghWgo eljny nkyhdJ. 3. mEgD fwbghUis kwthik
nkikahdJ. 4. tskhd thifiafhoY thik cilatuhf
thtJ cajJ. 5. sikia fhoY nehaw thnt wjJ.
6. mHFilatuhf UgD ehzKilatuhf Ugnj nkyhdJ.
7. FybgUikial xGfKilikna wjJ. 8. wj fis
fwiyl fwj bgahiu g bahGFj wghdJ. 9. giftiu
jogjidl, mtUF eikbrj wjJ. 10. KfhyJ bgUa brtij
d Fiwglhk fhjny wjJ.
brhbghU : Mf - iwj Xirila fl; fhj - m, Ug;
nkij - m Eg; tik - <if, bfhil; - neh; bk - cl;
ehz - bra Tlhjjid bra mrgLj; wjW - wjJ;
tgLj - ngh tzFj.
29
j
Ma F
bga : kJiu TlHh
wj C : Tl
w : tj ghlfis edha Kja eYiuahaf
nknfhfshf ifahLshf.
fhy : rf fhyJF thjt.
F : KJbkhfh vgJ fhiz JiwfS xW.
gbd fzF fS xwhd , cya cikfis bjthf
vLJ awJ. , mwiunfhit vd tHfgLwJ. gJ
mfhuf csd. xnth mfhuY gJ brf csd.
W ghlfsh MdJ.
ga : KJbkhfh fngh Fwfis , mw bghU gfis
miltjfhd tKiwfis mwiufshf T etgLJ.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol lij uf.
m) KJbkhfh vgJ iz JiwfS xW.
M) KJbkhfh Ma .
) sikia fhoY wjJ.
2. nfhol l ca ilia vLJ vGJf.
m) KJbkhfh vd tHfbgW.
1. ebd 2. mw 3. mwiunfhit
M) fwiyl wjJ
1. milik 2. bghiwilik 3. xGfKilik
3. J vGJf.
m) kfbfyh M) ik ) FyDilik
4. tU brhfis brhbwhl mikf.
cyf, kf, xGf, tgLj.
M) FWdhf
1. KJbkhfh - WF vGJf.
2. kJiu TlHh g F vGJf.
3. nkij, tik tiw fhoY wjd ahit?
4. eyDilik wjJ vJ?
) Wdh
KJbkhfh FL wj gJf vit? sFf.
30
j
ah fhgh vW jHid
V a n g h J e h f h n g
vW vGjh xUt mtjh,
c. nt. rhehj. dh mtnu
m i d t u h Y j j h j h
vW miHfglh. jifa
kh ztiu cUth a bg Uik
mtj Mauhd kfhJth
dh Rjudhiuna rhU.
M a u h k h zt
wgiltJngh ynt Xu h aU
ey khztfsh bgUikailwh
vgjF UtUnk rhwht.
d h R j u d h e a K
Rit f ghlfis a
JJ fis giljjh.
jghl brh brh khztfis jgh <jh. mjdh,
khztf jJ uhfhjbfhL jiH <LghLl fwhf.
mkhztf njkJu jiH cybfyh gut brjhf.
sik f
dhRjudh 1815M ML Vuf Mwh ehsW
U khtlij nrj vbzuhk wjh. mtj
bgnwh jgu -mdjhah Mt. dhRjudh sik
jkJ jijahl j fwh; ya yfz f eF yik
bgwh. Wtanyna br aW Mw iftu bgwh.
fna thif
dh Rju dh Ukz brJbfh L FLg Jl
u u ( Uu h g) th jh . mjdh , mtiu
uu dhRjudh vnw miHjd. mtl, ffntL
vw ntif jahjjhf UjJ. mjdh, vbghGJ fis
kfhJth dhRjudh
ciueil
31
j
jhbkh mUik
mWgJ taJ bgat mt. mbkfh tF j xnu kfid fhz
j kidl MtnyhL wglh. MW khjfhy mF tf nghtjhf j
egfl bgUikahf T brwh. Mdh, vd Mdnjh bjaiy? _W
khjfSF U tJlh. kdtUjJl fhzgl mtiu, mtUila
eg, V u tJOf vW nff, k kiwJnghd Wfkhd
KfJlD, fdj jaJlD bgat brhdh, cz cL kJ, C
R ghJ, czfis gJ ngng k cF bry ntL
vw Mirjh brnwh. Mdh, mnfnah v kf xUw, kUkf kWw.
mtfSF ntiy ntiy vnghJ ntiyjh. ngRtjF neuiy. o cz
rikgjF neuiy. jfu lgh milfgL, gjgLjgl czit ehnk
Nlh rhl ntoa Niy, bghWJbfhtjid ju ntW t iy.
nguisfSldhtJ ghLgho, fijf brh, nrho kHyh vwh
mtfSF My khunk bj. vfSnfh j kLnk bj. jhbkh
mtfSF magl fhuzdh, vfnshL xlKoaiy. ehD v
kid mtfnshL cwthlyh vW va fdbtyh jfJ nghdJ. kfD
kUkfS btna ntiyF bry, nguFHijf jj f isaho
_l, mj o czfis gJbfhs Koahj kufilngh Mndh.
kwJ nghdJ. kd mGj, nrhf vfis u C Ug itjJ vW
egl Tdh.
bjh bfho cwf mWJnghfhk fhgJ jhbkh khunk!
wbkhf, iHgjF jhbkh xnw thtjF!
ehis v jhbkh rhFkhdh nw
eh wJ Lnt vwh UZa fP uN frnj.
e : . nf. o. ghy, brhy JoFJ kdR UJ vLjhsglJ.
j gojh...
mw bgUF jgojh, mf xbgUF
w bgUF cu bgUF, ik bf F
mw bgUF Mik tU kUy nghF
w bgaU bghik bayh, Jik bgW thnt!
- bgUudh.
34
j
tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w
fiugh fiujh fY fiu - jiy IJ kJ ngRf.
M) vGJj w
fhQ ciu gFia goJ dhfSF ilaf.
gilfhy mur ngh bra fUal, mtdJ nghgiw KHF.
mgiw Xir ehiria mu br. mnthiria nfl nghuf
nghnfhy L f MtnjhL nghUF wgLthf. njgil, ahidgil,
Fiugil, fhyhgil Ma ehgilfS ublG. mur giljiytnuhL brW
mtiw ghJ kth.
ngh bra wgLtjF Kghf mur, j mukid ufSF
bgUUJ mgh. mjid bgUnrhW mj vg. nrid wgL brY
t murD giljiytfS jFjFa gho Lf mikfgoUF. mF
murD uU isghWt. mbghGJ MlY ghlY eilbgW.
dhf
1. ehir, ehgil - bjhifbrhfis bjGJf.
2. c nrUF bgabrhfis vLbjGJf.
3. bgUnrhW mj vwh vd?
bkhw g
td F lf
1. Xl, ghl, fhz, bra, vGj, ngr, isahl Kja mfu <W idbarfSF
K , , , bkbaGJf tUf vGJ brhf (idbrhf) tUkh, ca
tbyGJf njhW.
(v.fh.) Xl + fhUwh = Xl fhUwh.
ghl + nfnl = ghl nfnl.
fhz + bfhLjh = fhz bfhLjh.
bra + brhdh = bra brhdh.
vGj + bjhldh = vGj bjhldh.
ngr + brjh = ngr brjh.
isahl + ghjh = isahl ghjh.
41
j
thifw
KobtLj w
(xU bra eh vLF Ko Mffhdjh, mfhdjh vd J
Ko vLj ntL. Vbd, isfisg fhk eh vLF y
Kof eKila elijia, cl eyij uF.)
KUf, o j jhF cWJizahf y ntiyfis brJL
gF wglh. mt g, oUJ uL nyhl bjhiy
UjJ. iuthf eljh k mogjF Kdjhf gF brWlyh.
jhl ilbgW jfigia RkjthW iuthf eljh. KfhgF bjhiy
fljhW.
mbghGJ t TGj bgat xUt CWnfhiy ojgo
elfKoahk jshoago brW bfhoUgjid ghjh. ght! j taY
mt vF ngh bfhoUwh? vd vago mtiu flJ brwh
KUf. g knahir nfL Xl bjhldh.
mj neu jlh vw rj nfL U ghjh. bgat
CWnfh rnw j lf, mt jiu GJ ljh.
j iy KUf l Ujh vd brth?
gF brthah? bgatF cjthah?
kf
kdfLghL
bgk xU, jDila kfid miHJbfhL bgat xUtiu
fhz brwh. mtl, j kf mfkhf fis U cgjhf, mj
gHfij LtjF miu brhYkhW nflh.
mj bgat, ehgJ eh fJ tJ jik ghFkhW Tdh. L
mbgk kfDl mtiu rjh. bgat mWtl, j, fis
mfkhf czhnj; cl eyF nfL isF vW Tdh.
mjid nfl mbgk, jid f mbghGnj TUfyhnk, V
ehgJ eh fJ brhf vW nflh.
mj bgatnuh, mkh, vdnf mfkhf cQ gHf UjJ.
eh Kj vid Ubfhl dnu, wUF miu Tw Ko. ehgJ
ehSF wF nghJjh cgjid eh FiwUnw. mjdhjh
c kfDF miu Tnd vwh mbgat.
eik ehnk fLgLbfhL thHntL; iybawh, gytWF eh
moikahLnth. ydlfnk vyhF f nrF.
43
j
tsu braghLf
nfl w braghL - 1
ciugia gof nfL dhfSF ilaf.
fh bjfiu mikJs efu Uuhg. efu
nfhfS iddfS iwJs tuyhW efukhF. j
gHbgUikF rhwhf ftJ kiynfhil. nfhilYs gyt
fhyJ gf fhnghiu ftU jikad.
Uuhgia j kdf kLk Kfyhaf, raefu
kdf, kuhoaf, Mnyaf MLshf. nrhHf jiyefuhf
sa ciw, UF mU mikJs gila efukhF.
ciw Kfhy nfhkhefu vW miHfglJ.
uu vW bjhikfhy miHfgl U, <uhu
ML giHik thj fF fyiz, fhah FWnf
flgLsJ. a bgha rhjidfny nkgL F fyiz,
giljH nkyhik jid fukhF.
U RWyh lfshf Kbfh, Cikanfhil, anrhiy,
girkiy Kjad csd. jhkhdtUF Phdbe fhoa bksdFU,
j Kj Wfij vGjhsuhd t.nt.RukaK U k
njhatuht.
dhf
1. fh bjfiu mikJs efu Uuhg. ( M / iy )
2. kiynfhil cs gf ghoa fhyjit. ( M / iy )
3. gytf jiyefu ciw. ( M / iy )
4. gil jH nkyhikF rhW fyiz. ( M / iy )
5. j Kj Wfij vGjhs t. nt. Ruka. ( M / iy )
ngRj w braghL - 2
khzt, jid nkhudhuhf idJbfhL ngRj
v bga nkhu. v C bjgho ehoYs nkh vgjhF. u
vgJ, v Fobga. eh ghoa ghlf rf yaf lbgWsd.
44
j
fwyil WkL
kbg: 10
m) nfhol l ca ilia vLJ vGJf. 3 x 1 =3
1. nkhudh ghoa ghlf lbgw .
m) weh}W M) IFWW ) gHbkh eh}W
2. nrhHUFa khiy .
m) gd M) ntg ) M
3. cbk vGJf vif .
m) 30 M) 216 ) 247
M) nfhol lij uf. 3 x 1 =3
1. eyDilik wjW.
2. fw fwhiu wjW.
3. KbgU f wjW.
) rah, jtwh? 4x 1 =4
1. giftiu jogjidl, mtUF eik brjny wjJ.
( r / jtW )
2. dhRjudh khzt t. c. . ( r / jtW )
3. ey jiyefu ciw. ( r / jtW )
4. Mj, brh ilY WY kLnk tU. ( r / jtW )
49
j
uLwbkhj
XL RRj clhF Jdyiu
rhL gth jiyrhF - ehla
njL fHh Ukiyuh atiu
MLg fhah nk.
- fhsnkf yt
bghU : fbgw kd Ukiyuha eho, iuJ XLtjh, bjj
(Rjkhd ) R cilajh, giftiu jhFtjh, mnghL jiy rhgjh Fiu,
btsjh MW iuJ XLtjh, XLwbghGJ Rf cilajh, kyfis
miyJ brtjh, gfSF ts nrgjh fh xwhF.
brhbghU : R clJ cs R, R; Jdy - gift, mHa ky;
gth mgh; rhL - jhF, GF; MLg MLw Fiu.
Ma F
bga : fhsnkfyt
wj C : FgnfhzJF mU cs euhk vd, Gu
khtlYs vzhu vd TWt.
abga : tuj
g : Utuf nfh kilg gjh. itzt rka UJ
irtrkaF khdh. fhnkf ngh fij bgh Mw
bgwjh, t fhsnkfyt vd miHf bgwh. t, UbghU
mika eifRitl ghLt tyt.
kh dhf
m) FWdhf
1. fhsnkf yt - F vGJf.
2. fh jikfshf ghl czJ fUJf ahit?
M) Wdh
MLg fh xW vgjid fhsnkf yt vthW FLwh?
jghl
a _W br
50
j
M) FWdhf
1. brh vjid tifgL?
2. ilbrh vwh vd? rhWjJ sFf.
3. cbrh vwh vd? rhWjJ sFf.
tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w
1. thif btbgWtjfhd tf vD jiy IJ kJf ngRf.
2. egR fijia ehlfkhf eoJ fhLf.
M) goj w
bghUSnfwthW Fu Vw wfJl goJ fhLf.
Mfhajhkiuia gJ bfhLL mj mt fhodhiy; Mdh,
Cikfsh UJ tj kfis ngr itjh; cik KHfl brjh; gilgy
toD jilgy neoD mrh vWiujh; mrij Jiljh; Mj
jhat v c Jwf mrhjh X mtFig W fhodh;
LFUfSF tiw vL Mw Vgl brjh.
) vGJj w : FfisbfhL fij vGJj (kh)
c tf - fGijnk c_il Vw - ehnjhW filF
brW - Fiwj - kWehS Gj - c tfDF tUth Fiwj - fGij
kdiyia mj - _il bghUis khWj - mahj fGij L MW
Gj -vil TLj - cik czj.
fGij N
X C c F tf xUt Ujh. mt ehnjhW c_il fis
fGij nkny Miw flJbrW W tUth. ehnjhW mf vils
c_ilia RkJ brtJ fGijF of iy. mJ JggLbfhnl ntiy
brJ tjJ. xUeh c tf Kdh bry, fGij bkJthf mt nd brW
bfhoUjJ. mnghJ mJ, vghuhk MW jt GjJ; vGjnghJ jJs
_il vil Fiwjjid fLbfhlJ. kWehS ntLbknw jt
GjJ. _il vil FiwjJ. fGij bra ehS bjhljJ. gogoahf
tUkhd FiwJbfhnl tUtjid fl tf, cikia mJbfhlh.
avz bfhl fGijF ghl fl Udh.
kWehS fGij fh jLkh GtJnghy, GjJ. Mdh, m~J vGj
nghJ, Kigl vil Tosjid flJ. mW, Rkf Koahk RkJ brwJ.
62
j
ehnd brnt
gJ + ril =
gJ + njh =
vL + Til =
vL + nj =
ehnd brnt
brj + jr =
ghoa + fij =
fhj + W =
btoj + gR =
ehS fGij jt H, vilTl, bkJthf cikia czu bjhlaJ.
eh tfid Vkhw idnjh. Mdh, tf eKila vzij JbfhL,
c _ilF gyhf gR _ilia itJlh nghY. ik bra idj
vdF ewhf a itJlh. j jtiw bra TlhJ vW mfGij
KobtLjJ.
g
fhQ Ffis gagL fijia J vGJf.
Wt - MLfis nkj wiu Vkhw idF Fz - tUwJ
vd vnghJ Tw kwtf VkhWj cikahfnt tJLj Wt
miHj kwtf t vnghJ gojh vd idj ghfhk Uj
MLfis moJbrWLj Wt tUJj.
<) bral : fj nkijf Utiuga thif tuyhiw bjhFf.
m) td F lf
1. vL, gJ Ma vQbgaf kL td tUf brhf tjh
tbyhW F.
(v.fh.) vL + fh = vLfh
gJ + ng = gJng
vL + bjhif = vLbjhif
gJ + ghL = gJghL
2. ghlhj, nfshj, Mlhj, brahj, brhyhj vgd vkiwbghU
tU bgaburf MF. brhfYs <bwGjhdJ bfL ghlh,
nfsh, Mlh, brah, brhyh vd tUtJ cL. mthW tUtjid
<Wbfl vkiw bgabur vg. tK td tUf vGJf tjh
tbyhW F.
(v.fh.) ghlh + F = ghlhF
nfsh + br = nfshbr
Mlh + njh = Mlhnjh
brah + bra = brahbra
brhyh + brh = brhyhbrh
td fh lf
tj, cilj, brj, j, fhj vgd KWbgwhj idbrhf. jifa
brhf bgaiubfhL KWbgW. brhfis bgabur vg.
(v.fh.) tj + FHij = tj FHij
63
j
tsu braghLf
nfl w braghL - 1
fhQ ciugia gof nfL dhfSF ilaf.
ntfhdj mbkfhYs X% jUjh. mF nuhilia
flgjF xU ghy UjJ. ntfhdj, mnuhil fiu xUeh elJ
brWbfhoUjh.
mF isP y, Kil XLfis Jghah FitJ RLtjF
g nkbfhoUjd. mtf, Kil XLfis xU fo
nuhil jfoUjd. m, nuhil fiuUj a f
flgoUjJ. mirF Vg flgoUj Kil XLf
bkJthf mirJbfhoUjd.
misPf, ghy WbfhL Xil mirJ bfhoUF
Kil XLfis RLtjF Ka brJbfhoUjhf. mtf
Jghah Kil XLfis Rld. Mdh, mtf itj F j
nghW. xU Kil XilTl mtfsh Rl ayiy.
isPf j braiy ghjh ntfhdj. mt Kf
dif jtjJ. jid mUj isPU xUt flh. mt
ntfhdjl j Kil XLfis RLtjid ghgjF vjhd
branghW njhW; Mdh, f idgJngh mts vjhdjW.
fns Ka brJ ghUf. mnghJ cfSnf bj vd Tdh.
ntfhdj Jghia ifbyLjh. mnghJ mF guL
Kil XLf kLnk nuhil jJ bfhoUjd. ntfhdj
mtiw Rl, mit midJ sh jd. jid ghj
isPf bgJ agiljhf. Iah, f Jgh RLt
f g bgwtuh Uj ntL. mjdhjh, f mjid
Kil XLfis F juhk ROf vd Tdhf.
mjF ntfhdj, v theh Wjh KjKiwahf
Jghia bjhLnw vd Tdh. mt Tajid isPfsh
egKoaiy. mgobawh, cfsh vgo F juhk mjid
Kil XLfis RlKojJ vd nfld.
66
j
o bfhjJ
kiH
brjJ
nefhz braghL - 7
xU khztid cbrhyhf idf brJ, mkhztid kbwhU
khzt nefhz brf.
khzt : tzf, Iah.
cbrh (khzt) : tzf.
khzt : cfis rJ ngRt vdF f k.
cbrh : vdF kjh.
khzt : jfisg sfkhf brhYfns.
cbrh : cfisnghnw vdF gytifahd gf cL.
khzt : mgoah, aghf csnj! VnjD xU gigg
brhYf.
cbrh : khef vD brh cs kh ehnd. F bga vD
bghUis jJns. gogl gf Fahf vdF
cL.
khzt : f jahf W bghU jUfsh?
cbrh : iyiy, m~J vdh ayhJ.
khzt : mgoahdh, ahUl nrJ bghU jUf?
cbrh : ntW ah? bgaUlD idlDjh.
khzt : Mdh, vf ngRtH f mtsthf l
bgWtiyna, V?
cbrh : cikjh. vid brjh Fahf gagLJt.
khzt : e, Iah. jfis rjJ vdF ilj khbgUngW,
ilbgWnw Iah.
cbrh : vid ewhf gagLj bjJbfhlJ nghWjFa
khw. brW thUf. th ilFnghJ L
rngh.
69
j
eoj w braghL - 8
ilbrhyhf kh eoJ fhLf.
m) v bga ilbrh.
M) eh, v egfshd bgabrh, idbrhYl nrJ tUnt.
) eh vnghJ jahf braglhk, egfSl nrnj bragLnt.
<) jahf Ujh bghUjukhnl.
c) izbrhyhf mirahf ntWik cUghf, ctk cUghf
egfSl iznj tUnt.
C) eh, egfSl UFnghJ, vjhf bghUis fUij
bjgLJnt.
mj w braghL - 9
fhQ g lbgWs wbkh brhfSF izahd j
brhfis vGJf.
ehfjh tiuahLf. vfis
jHf uh#hf nja Uff
vd rfy #dfS miHwhf.
ehf cjif bgUks J
tUnwh. mJtU kw Uffis
nghnw ehfS iuthf mJ
tUnwh. vfis fhgJ cf
flik.
tlbrh jbrh
uh#f
nja
Uff
70
j
tlbrh jbrh
brhYUthf braghL - 10
tlYs vGJfis gagL brhfis cUthFf.
brhf
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
71
j
fwyil WkL
kbg: 10
m) nfhol lij uf. 2 x 1 =2
1. fhsnkfyt nfh gjh.
2. uhkhD# fLiuf jiy btahdJ.
M) nfhol l ca ilia vLJ vGJf. 4 x1 =4
1. jghl uL vD iy bjhFjt .
m) nkhudh M) fhsnkfyt
) runrfu fuhrgoj
2. ylYs f uhkhD# Muh khztuhf
nrjh.
m) o M) MnghL ) AhthL
3. khef vgJ .
m) bgabrh M) idbrh ) cbrh
4. HF kUJgho mj C .
m) tfif M) Ubent
) gHnrhW FUehjndj
) fhQ brhfis bjhl mikJ vGJf. 2 x 2 =4
1. tKiw
2. jthW
73
j
glf ghJfh
k xjJ. LKiwF
d bjhlF Kjeh
tFgiw mJ. khzt kl
Maiu vghUjd. cns
EiHj Ma fUgyif
fyJiuahl vd vGdh;
khztiu nehdh.
jiy . . . . . ? xU khzt
Fu cuf xjJ.
f U jiy
ciuahlyh - Ma g
khzt Mtij oaJ.
LKiw ehf - vd UifUJ xU Fu bkjhf
nflJ. tFgiw KGtJ mjid tuntwJ. eh. . . . . . vd nghold
khzt. eh ngh tj ffh FJ Twth vd JLfhf ngR
Rl Kj Tdh.
uhod Rdhah? gl ghjhah? isahL bghU thdhah?
vd ehY _iyUJ dhf bjhlJ tjd. Rl cWl, eh
ghj ffh KY khWglJ. f idgJnghy iy. eh
midtU miyng, fbgh, iza vd midij
gagLJnwh. m xJs bjhiyf vbdd vgJ
ahUnfD bjkh?
. . . f bfLL, fhJ nfshk nghL . . . vyh bjjit
jhnd? ghu g nghoahf xjJ.
iy iy. miyngia vgo Mgyhk gagLJtJ
vgij ghnj vd Rl Tw, mw. . . FWghf tJ Gjd
Fuf.
Wt xUt vnghJ miyng isaho bfhnl Ujhdh.
mneu eilgF btna brw jhjh, nH GJ mogoUwh
vd jft tUwJ. isahLngh mt mj miyng
74
j