BIOLOGY EXAMINATION 2008

SOLUTIONS DRAFT 1
QUESTION BOOKLET 1
SECTION A
1 J 8 K 15 J 22 K
2 L 9 K 16 K 23 M
3 J 10 J 17 K 2 J
L 11 M 18 M 25 J
5 M 12 M 19 L
6 K 13 L 20 M
7 L 1 M 21 L
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SECTION B! S"#$% A&'()$'
BOOKLET 1 *Q+)'%,#&' 26 %# 30-
26 (a) phospholipid (2); lipid (1)
-1 spelling *2-
*8-
(b) active transport (2)
active (1) *2-
(c) E./01,& *222-!
active transport requires energy/ATP (2)
less aerobic respiration eans less energy/ATP (1)
there!ore reduced rate o! active transport (1)
*-
2"# (a) glucose (2) onosaccharide (1)
-1 spelling *2-
*1-
(b) itotic cell division (2)
itosis (2)
-1 spelling
*2-
(c) ore susceptible to changing environent (2)
*2-
(d) use restriction en$ye (2)
sae one used to reove the selected gene (2)
*-
(e) E./01,& *222-!
any reasonable response
*-
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2% (a) &u o! all the genes o! all the individuals in a population
*2-
*1-
(b) (i) 'nable to produce !ertile o!!spring (2)
(i!!erent nubers o! chroosoes (2)
*2-
(b) (ii) teporal (2)
di!!erent niches (2)
physiologically incopatible (2)
*2-
(c) E./01,& *1212121-!
sub)ected to di!!erent environents (1)
di!!erent selection pressures (1)
natural selection (1)
reproductive isolation (1)
*-
(d) (*A or protein sequence (2) or (*A-(*A hybridisation (2)
ore siilar + ore closely related (2)
*-
2, (a) -asodilation. increases the rate o! heat loss (2)
/nhibition o! shivering. decreases the rate o! heat gain (2) *-
*8- (b) 0ene!it. e#g# less/no pain is !elt during operation (2)
1ar!ul e!!ect. e#g# loss o! consciousness ay be irreversible (2)
*-
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23 (a) correct a4es
a4es !ully labelled
appropriate scale
accurate plots
lines o! best !it
lines labelled
*6-
*16-
(b) Teperature
*2-
(c) e#g# teperature a!!ects the action o! the en$yes 5co6ash 00 and Addcool
78
5co6ash 00 has an optiu tep o! appro4 99:;
*2-
(d) (i) e#g# slo6 oveent o! en$ye and substrate olecules (2)
*2-
(d) (ii) e#g# en$yes are denatured (2)
*2-
(e) 29:;
*2-
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SECTION B! S"#$% A&'()$'
BOOKLET 2 *Q+)'%,#&' 31 %# 35-
21(a) Trend (2) (ore 6ater consued ore dilute urine/ lo6er urea conc)
8e!erence to data (2)
<uantitatively or qualitatively
*-
*12-
(b) Person A = reabsorbed a lo6er > o! 6ater consued ore 6ater e4creted
Person 0 = reabsorbed a higher > o! 6ater consued less 6ater e4creted
8elative aount/> 6ater reabsorbed is di!!erent (2)
?ess 6ater reabsorbed/ore 6ater e4creted eans a ore dilute urine (2)
*-
(c) @eaAness in the design. liited saple si$e (2)
54planation. - aberrations 6ill sAe6 results
- rando error e!!ects not iniised
;anBt be averaged
*-
22 (a) T replaced by ' in 8*A
single strand base sequence
ribose replaced by deo4yribose in (*A
*2-
*8-
(b) ' ; ; C
*2-
(c) As 8*A ust bind to t8*A (base pairs)D these sites are no6 blocAed
i#e 8*A sections can no longer bind 6ith other strands (2)
(&T8A*(& 0/*( (2))
cannot be translated (2) (role/e!!ect) *-
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&'CA8
E &T8A*(&
T/'
&/F5
22 (a) &ingle circular (*A 6ith no histones (&/GP?5 chroosoes)
&iple structure lacAing organisation
HossilsI
*2-
*6-
(b) 5vidence. chloroplasts/itochondria (2)
54planation. (2)
These organelles have
= o6n (circular)(*A
= di!!erent inner/outer ebranes
= o6n ribosoes
*-
2J (a) (As das !ill and silt succession) - stated
(as create
ne6 environental conditions (2)D
6hich !avour di!!erent species in ecosysteD
and so speciesB coposition changes (2)
*-
*16-
(b) 0reaA do6n dead (organic) atter and/or recycle nutrients
*2-
(c) 63
2
K ;
6
1
12
7
6
6;7
2
K 61
2
7
1 !orulae
1 balance
*2-
(d) Photosynthesis uses carbon dio4ide to produce carbohydrates (2)
These ;17s are stored as plant tissue (2)
*-
(e) 0eavers + das decoposition o! dead trees ;7
2
as trees alive to
photosynthesise and reove ;7
2
!ro air
(AG&
?/-5 T855&
P17T7&L*T15&/&
;7
2
(2)
78
(AG&
(ecoposition aerobic
;7
2
(2)
;onsistent ideas
8educed ;7
2
(2)
5ither by trees (1) photosynthesis (1)
7r by decoposers (respiration) due to das (1)
*-
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29 (a) 54ternal !actor.
nutrients
contact inhibition
horones
cells touching (2)
8ole.
e!!ect o! !actor (proote or inhibit cell division) (2)
*-
*18-
(b) ;onc# o! oloucine linAed to cell division (1)
past tense + =1
not a question
*2-
(c) ;ontinously dividing/MclonesN
8apidly dividing cells
'ncontrolled cell division
*2-
(d) Hactor 1. Tep/nutrient levels (1)
Hactor 2. GoistureD p1 gro6th !actor conc# etc# (1)
*2-
(e) (i) ;hecApoint C2. increases in levels o! 07T1 cyclin and GPH
;hecApoint G. increase in GPH to peaA and then (5;85A&5 in both cyclin and
GPH and it passes G
*-
(ii) &tops production o! GPH (2) by
cell canBt proceed past (2)
*-
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S)3%,#& C! E.%)&4)45R)'/#&') Q+)'%,#&' *30 61$7'-
E.%)&4)45$)'/#&') 8+)'%,#&'! *61$7' 100#31%)4 191,&'% %") 3$,%)$,1-
commnication
Gore than hal! a pageD structured in the !or o! sentences and paragraphs# (1 arA)
'ses correct graar and spelling# &pelling ephasis placed ters in the curriculu stateent# (1 arA)
;learly and concisely e4plains concepts using relevant biological language# (1 arA)
36. The well-being of an ecological community is dependent on its level of productivity and the
continued survival and reproduction of it organisms.
Describe:
How energy is captured and made available to organisms in a community; * 61$7'-
;aptured
photosynthesis (by producers) K description o! processD equationD chloroplasts
Available = by eating (1) II then respiration
how two factors could influence the productivity of the community; * 61$7'-
Productivity
de!inition + in bioass
teperature rate o! photosynthesis
resources lightD nutrients
list only + 1
two processes that occur in seually reproducing organisms and that provide the genetic variation
necessary for their continued survival and reproduction; * 61$7'-
Processes
crossing over
independent assortent
!ertilisation
utation
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3!. Human stem cells have the potential to develop into a range of different cell types. "ne of the uses of
cell culture could be to grow stem cells that are stimulated into ma#ing functional human tissues and
organs.
Describe the conditions that would be necessary to grow human cells in cell culture; * 61$7'-
;onditions
horones
p1
tep
nutrients
gro6th !actors
sterile
anchorage
suitable ediu
$sing eamples% describe the hierarchical structure within multicellular organisms; * 61$7'-
1ierarchy
cells = tissues = organs = systes
de!initions only (2)
a4iu 2 e4aples (2)
&plain how genetically identical human stem cells could develop into different human tissues and
organs.
* 61$7'-
(i!!erentiation
di!!erentiation - process
di!! genes turned on
itosis = no# o! cells !ors
e4aples o! ste cells di!!erentiating into di!!# types
identical genetic in!o di!!erentiate (1)
specialised cells result (1)
*ote. can be (J) !or di!!erentiation or (2) and (2) itosis
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