Ngu Phap Tieng Han Co Ban - LHK

Ng phap c ban
TIENG HAN
Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc
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Muc luc
Chng I: Tr t -
1. DANH T / .............................................................................................................6
2. Danh t / .................................................................................................................6
3. Danh t ......................................................................................................................7
4. Danh t / .................................................................................................................7
5. Danh t ......................................................................................................................8
6. Danh t ..................................................................................................................8
7. Danh t ..................................................................................................................8
8. Danh t ......................................................................................................................9
9. Danh t + /, Danh t + , () ..........................................................................9
10. Danh t + , , , ......................................................................................10
11. Danh t + , + , + , + .................................................10
12. Danh t + ... Danh t + Danh t + ... Danh t + .............................10
13. Danh t + () ..........................................................................................................11
14. Danh t + () ..........................................................................................................11
15. Danh t ...............................................................................................................12
16. Danh t () .............................................................................................................12
CHNG II. Tho ket thuc cau ......................................................................14

1. Danh t .............................................................................................................14
2. Danh t ? ...........................................................................................................14
3. Tnh t, ong t /.............................................................................................14
5. Danh t + / . ...............................................................................................15
6. ong t + ().....................................................................................................16
7. ong t + ()()?.................................................................................................16
8. ong t + ()!....................................................................................................16
9. ong t + ()? Danh t + () ()? ......................................................................17
10. ong t + () Danh t + ............................................................17
11. ong t + () (). ..............................................................................................18
12. ong t + () Danh t + () ().................................................................18
13. ong t, tnh t + ()()/ Danh t + ()()/.......................................19
1. Tnh t lam bo ng () ............................................................................................19
2. ong t lam bo ng -()/-/-()...........................................................................20
C. Cac hnh thc danh t hoa .......................................................................21

1. ong t, tnh t .........................................................................................................21
2. ong t, tnh t ()....................................................................................................21
1. Tnh t .....................................................................................................................22
ong t .......................................................................................................................22
2. Cac loai pho t ..............................................................................................................22
E. Cac hnh thc ket noi .............................................................................23

1. ong t, tnh t Danh t ().................................................................................23
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2. ong t, tnh t (/)...........................................................................................23

3. ong t, tnh t () Danh t ().....................................................................24
4. ong t () (, , ) ............................................................................24
5. ong t () () ................................................................................................25
6. ong t, tnh t Danh t () ........................................................................25
7. ong t () Danh t ()................................................................................26
8. ong t, tnh t + () ong t + Danh t + ...........................................26
9. ong t, tnh t () Danh t / .............................................................27
10. ong t () ............................................................................................................27
11. ong t, tnh t (/) .....................................................................................28
12. ong t, tnh t () ..............................................................................................28
13. ong t + ............................................................................................................29
14. ong t, tnh t (/).........................................................................................29
15. ong t ...........................................................................................................29
16. ong t/ tnh t + Danh t + () ..................................................................30
CHNG III. ai danh t ............................................................................31

1. NAY/ KIA/ AY //................................................................................................31
2. CAI NAY / CAI KIA / CAI AY // ..............................................................31
3. ay/ kia / cho ay / / ....................................................................31
4. ai / la ai / .....................................................................................................32
5. AU, NI NAO ................................................................................................32
6. G, CAI G ............................................................................................................33
7. khi nao, bao gi ......................................................................................................33
8. bao nhieu / ..................................................................................................33
9. na0 / g / + Danh t.........................................................................................34
10. May, bao nhieu + Danh t .......................................................................................34
Chng IV. Thi the .....................................................................................35

1. ong t, tnh t (/)....................................................................................35
2. ong t, tnh t .........................................................................................................35
3. ong t, tnh t / Tnh t ong t / ................................................36
4. ong t, tnh t + ......................................................................................................36
5. ong t + ........................................................................................................37
Chng V. Cac bieu hien phu nh ............................................................................38

1. DANH T / ...............................................................................................38
2. ONG T/ TNH T + + ONG T/ TNH T. .........................................38
3. ONG T/TNH T + + ONG T .......................................................39
4. ONG T + ....................................................................................................40
5. ONG T () DANH T .......................................................40
6. ONG T () /.................................................................................41
7. ONG T, TNH T () ...........................................................................41
ONG T, TNH T () ..................................................................................41
8. ONG T, TNH T () ............................................................................42
ONG T, TNH T (,) ............................................................................42
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Chng VI. Cach the hien s ton trong ......................................................................43

1. ton trong chu the .......................................................................................43
2. Ton trong ngi nghe / oi tng / ngoi th hai ............................................43
3. Cac cach ton trong khac ..........................................................................44
Chng VII. ong t va tnh t bat quy tac .................................................................45

1. Bat qui tac ...........................................................................................45
2. Bat qui tac ...........................................................................................46
3. ong tnh t bat qui tac ...........................................................................46
Chng VIII: Cac hnh thc b ong ..........................................................................49

2. ong t, tnh t (,) ....................................................................................49
3. ong t, tnh t .................................................................................................50
Chng IX: The chu ong .......................................................................................50

1. Cac ngoai ong t (T vng co tnh chu ong)...............................................50
2. ONG T, TNH T .......................................................................................51
Chng X: Cach dan dung.......................................................................................52

1. DAN DUNG TRC TIEP [] ...........................................................................52
/// /............................................................52
2. DAN DUNG GIAN TIEP []............................................................................52
(/), (), (/), (), (), ...................................................................52
3. RUT GON []...........................................................................................................53
Chng XI: Cac t noi ............................................................................................54

1. .........................................................................................................................54
2. / .......................................................................................................54
3. .........................................................................................................................55
4. .........................................................................................................................55
5. .........................................................................................................................56
6. ......................................................................................................................56
7. .........................................................................................................................57
Chng XII: Hnh thc gia nh ................................................................................57

1. Danh t () ..........................................................................................................57
2. ong t, tnh t ()....................................................................................................58
3. ong t (/), Tnh t ..................................................................................58
Chng XIII: Cac hnh thc the hien khac ..................................................................59

1. ()..........................................................................................................................59
2. ()............................................................................................................................60
3. ................................................................................................................................62
4. / ............................................................................................................................64
5. .................................................................................................................................65
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6. .................................................................................................................................66
7. .................................................................................................................................66
8. (/)...................................................................................................................67
9. ()/ ...................................................................................................................68
10. (, ) .................................................................................................................68
11. s() ........................................................................................................................69
12. ()..........................................................................................................................70
13. () ......................................................................................................................70
14. ()..........................................................................................................................71
15. ...............................................................................................................................71
16. ...............................................................................................................................72
17. ...........................................................................................................................72
18. Cac cau truc khac .........................................................................................................73
Chng XIV: Cac nguyen tac phat am .......................................................................74

1. Luyen am ..........................................................................................................74
2. Bien oi phu am ............................................................................................................74
3. Khinh am hoa (oc nhe) .................................................................................................75
4. Cach am hoa .....................................................................................................75
5. Phat am .................................................................................................75
6. Am vom mieng hoa ........................................................................................76
PHU LUC ...........................................................................................................76

1. Bang tom tat cach dien giai ton trong, bnh thng va khong ton trong (ha thap) ,
.....................................................................................................................................................76
2. THO KET THUC CUOI CAU .........................................................................................77
3. CAC AI DANH T NGHI VAN ....................................................................................77
4. HNH THC RUT GON CUA CAC AI DANH T........................................................77
5. SO LNG T .............................................................................................................78
6. ONG T THE B ONG..........................................................................................78
7. ONG T THE CHU ONG (ngoai ong t) ..............................................................79
8. ONG T LAM BO NG CAC THI THE .................................................................80
9. TNH T LAM BO NG ...............................................................................................80
10. CAC ONG, TNH T BAT QUI TAC ..........................................................................80
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CHNG 1: TR T
1. DANH T /
La tr t chu ng, ng sau cac danh t lam chu ng, ngoai ra con cac tr t khac nh
, ().
Dung khi danh t lam chu Dung khi danh t lam chu
ng i au ket thuc bang cac ng i au ket thuc bang
phu am.
nguyen am.
CAU TRUC
V DU
: +
: +
: +
- : Tri ma.
- : Tieng Han Quoc kho.
- : Em gai ep.
- : Khong co thi gian.
LU Y
1. Khi ket hp vi cac ai t nh , , , lam chu ng th bien thanh ,

, , .
2. Trong khau ng va van viet co khi lc bo, khong dung ti.
- () ?: Anh ta la ai?
- () ?: May i au ay?
2. DANH T /
La tr t at ang sau danh t, khi danh t o lam tan ng ch muc ch, tra li cho cau
hoi: g, cai g.
Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang cac Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang cac nguyen
phu am.
am.
CAU TRUC
V DU
: +
- : Hoc tieng Han.

- : Ngay nao cung xem bao.
- : Toi thch the thao.
- : Me mua trai cay.
LU Y
1. Trong khau ng hoac trong mot so trng hp, danh t ket thuc bang phu am th
c oc hoac viet gan lien cung vi danh t o.
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- : Xem phim va uong ca phe.

- ?: Lam cai g o?
2. Trong khau ng va van viet th co khi b lc bo, khong dung ti.
- () ?: Anh co gioi tieng Anh khong?
- () ?: An cm cha?
3. DANH T
i cung vi danh t, co y ngha: cung, cung.
CAU TRUC
: +
(Toi cung).
= (Ban toi cung).
Co y ngha giong nh , , , at sau danh t, co ngha cung, ong thi, bao ham.
V DU
- : Toi cung la hoc sinh.

- , : Hat cung hay ma hoc cung gioi.
- : Toi khong co tien, cung chang co viec lam.
- ?: Anh cung uong ca phe anh ?
Co luc dung e nhan manh, at sau danh t, ong t vv ch mc o.
V DU
- : Han Quoc cung co hoa anh ao.

- : Ngay chu nhat cung lam.
- : Chang ep ma cung chang xau.
- : au nen cm cung khong an c.
4. DANH T /
at sau danh t nham nhan manh chu the cua cau van hoac nham ch s so sanh, oi
chieu.
Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang cac phu Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang cac
am.
nguyen am.
CAU TRUC
: + =
V DU
- . : Co sach. Khong co t ien.

- . : Xe buyt chay cham. Tau ien chay nhanh.
- : Cai nay la hang ngoai.
- : V ay la giao s Kim.
- : Toi chang quan tam.
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5. DANH T
Ch v tr, phng hng, c at sau cac danh t ve a iem, thi gian, phng hng.
Co ngha: ti, , vao luc.
CAU TRUC
: + =
: + =
: + =
V DU
- : i ch.
- ?: Bay gi anh au?
- : Tap the duc vao buoi sang.
- : Ngay mai toi nha.
LU Y
Ngoai y ngha tren, con nhieu y ngha khac nh: bi v, bang vi, cho, trong vong,
vi.
- : Ti nc cho cay.
- : V gio nen cay o.
- ?: Anh mua cai o vi gia bao nhieu?
- : Moi nam gap mot lan.
6. DANH T
at sau danh t ch a iem, bieu hien iem xuat phat cua hanh ong, co ngha la: t, .
Chu yeu i vi cac ong t: en, t, ti.
CAU TRUC
LU Y
+ =
(t Viet Nam, Viet Nam)
+ = (t nong thon, nong thon).
Trong khau ng, b rut ngan thanh : ,

- ?: ien thoai t ni nao ti?
V DU
- : Toi t Viet Nam ti.

- ?: Anh t au ti?
- : Co tin t van phong ti.
- : Co thong bao t nha trng ti.
7. DANH T
at sau danh t ch v tr, bieu hien s viec, hanh ong xay ra, co ngha , tai.
CAU TRUC
: + = ( nha, tai nha).

: + = (tai cong ty, tai c quan).
LU Y
Co khi i vi cac danh t ch oan the, lam tr t chu the cua hanh ong o.
- : ai S quan Viet Nam tai Han Quoc chu tr.
-8-
V DU
- : Hoc tieng Han tai trung tam ngoai ng.

- : Em gai toi lam viec ai truyen hnh.
- ?: Anh lam viec au?
- ?: Anh lam g Han Quoc.
8. DANH T
La tr t ch s hu cach. ng sau danh t, ch s s hu, co ngha: cua, thuoc ve.
CAU TRUC
: + =
+
:
LU Y
(cua em)
(cua toi)
Vi s hu cua cac ai t nh , , co the rut gon:

= : =
= : =
= : =
V DU
- ?: Xe nay la cua ai?

- : Ten toi la Bea Sung Hi.
- ?: Thi tiet Viet Nam nh the nao?
- : T bay gi tr i la mua cua trai cay.
9. DANH T + /, DANH T + , ()
Bieu th s ket noi danh t va danh t trong cau, co y ngha vi, cung vi, va vv
Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang cac Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang cac phu
nguyen am.
am.
CAU TRUC
+ = (tien va quyen lc).
(chuoi va nho).
: + = (giao vien va hoc sinh).

: + = (Song Hy va Yong Jun).
LU Y
1. Cung co the ket hp vi cac tr t khac thanh -/ , -/, -/
- : Anh ta noi chuyen vi ca ong vat.

2. Trong khau ng thng c thay the bang va ().
3. Cung co trng hp ng sau danh t, khong ket noi lien vi danh t khac nhng van
co y ngha ket noi: + = (cung vi ban), + = (cung
vi ch).
V DU
- : An cm va thc an.
- : Trong tu lanh co kem va trai cay.
-9-
- : i cau cung vi ban.

- : Thay giao ang noi chuyen vi hoc sinh.
- : Toi cai nhau vi a em.
- ?: Anh ket hon vi ai vay?
10. DANH T + , , ,
Ch phng hng cua hanh ong, at sau cac danh t, ch phng hng lien quan en
danh t o, co ngha: cho, vi, ve, oi vi.
CAU TRUC
+ = (cho em, vi em).
: +
:
:
LU Y
= (vi thay giao).
+ = (vi ban).
+
= (cho hoa).
- c dung nhieu trong khau ng.

- dung trong trng hp ton knh.
- , , c dung cho ngi va ong vat, con cac trng hp khac dung .
V DU
- : Cho cho an cm.

- ?: Anh co g muon noi vi toi khong?
- : Gi th cho em trai.
- : Toi a noi chuyen vi giam oc.
- : Goi ien thoai cho thay giao.
- : Ti nc cho hoa.
- ?: Goi ien ve nha cha?
11. DANH T + , + ,+ , +
Ch ni xuat x, xuat phat cua ong tac, hanh ong, t ngi nao o, t a iem nao o.
Co ngha: t, , cua. i nhieu vi cac ong t , ,
CAU TRUC
= (t ngi ban).
= (t trng hoc).
= (t que).
V DU
- : Hoc tieng Han t anh trai.

- : c thay giao khen.
- : c ban mi.
- : Nhan c th t Viet Nam.
12. DANH T + ... DANH T +

DANH T + ... DANH T +
at sau cac danh t ch v tr, thi gian, a iem, bieu hien s bat au cho en ket thuc.
- 10 -
Co ngha: t en, t cho ti.

CAU TRUC
: (t thanh pho Ho Ch Minh ti Ha Noi).

: (t nha ti trng hoc).
: (t sang ti toi).
LU Y
Cung co luc no i cung vi ong t hoac menh e khac, bieu th y ngha tng t, trong
trng hp o thng i cung vi , .
- : Song hanh phuc t khi
gap anh ay en nay.
- : i bo t ay ve ti nha.
V DU
- 11 3 : Han Quoc lanh t thang 11 ti thang 3.

- 2004 2006 : Toi se hoc tieng Han t nam
2004 en nam 2006.
- ?: Moi ngay lam viec t may gi en may gi.
- ?: May bay i t Viet Nam ti Han
Quoc mat may tieng?
13. DANH T + ()
Tr t ch phng hng, i cung vi cac t ch phng hng, ch s chuyen ong, v tr.
Co ngha: ve pha, ve hng, hng ti.
()
Dung khi i cung vi danh t i trc ket thuc Dung khi i cung vi danh t i
trc ket thuc bang phu am.
bang nguyen am hoac bang phu am .
CAU TRUC
:
:
(ve pha sau).
+ = (ve pha trng hoc).
: + = (ve hng van phong).

V DU
- ?: Anh i au vay?
- : Ngay mai toi i Han Quoc.
- : i xuong pha di.
- : Toi ang ti cong ty.
14. DANH T + ()
ng sau cac danh t ch phng phap, cong cu, bien phap. Co ngha: bang, dung bang.
()
Dung khi i cung vi danh t i trc ket thuc

bang nguyen am hoac bang phu am .
CAU TRUC
= (bang may bay).
= (bang ien thoai).
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Dung khi i cung vi danh t i

trc ket thuc bang phu am.
= (bang ua).
V DU
- : Toi t Viet Nam en bang may bay.

- : Ban lam bang go.
- : Noi chuyen bang tieng Han Quoc.
- ?: Cai nay lam bang g?
- : i lam (i ve) bang tau ien.
15. DANH T
Tr t so sanh, ng sau danh t ch s so sanh vi danh t o, thng i cung vi cac t
, , vv Co ngha la: so vi, so.
CAU TRUC
= (Tao nho hn so vi da hau).

= (May bay nhanh hn
LU Y
so vi tau hoa).
Khi i cung vi cac ong t th thng nhat thiet phai co cac pho t ch mc o nh ,
,
- : An nhieu tao hn da.
- : Hoc cham hn ngi khac.
- : Thch bong a hn bong ro.
V DU
- : Viet Nam ln hn Han Quoc.

- : Ngi em ep hn ngi ch.
- : Em trai nhn ln hn so vi anh trai.
- : Thi tiet nong hn bnh thng.
16. DANH T ()
Ket noi hai danh t vi nhau, bieu hien s la chon. Co ngha la: hoac la, hoac.
Dung khi ket hp vi danh t i trc ket Dung khi ket hp vi danh t i trc
thuc bang nguyen am.
ket thuc bang phu am.
CAU TRUC
LU Y
1. Trong trng hp ch ket hp vi mot danh t i trc no, th co ngha ay la s la

chon khong c man nguyen cho lam. Co ngha: la hay la, hay vay th.
- : Tri nong, hay la chung ta i bi vay.
2. Co khi ket hp vi so t, bieu hien s c lng, co ngha khoang, chng.
- ?: Anh con khoang bao nhieu tien?
- ?: Cong viec ay mat khoang may ngay.
3. Co khi ket hp vi cac so t bieu hien s ngac nhien, co ngha: nhng,
- 12 -
ti, ti mc.
- : Anh ta uong nhng nam chai ru.
- 12 : Moi ngay lam viec nhng 12 tieng ong ho.
4. Co khi ket hp vi danh t, ai t, co ngha la: cho du, du, bat c.
- : (Viec g cung lam).
- : (Ai cung biet).
- : (Cho toi cai nao cung c).
V DU
- : Hay ien thoai hoac viet th i ch.

- : Hay noi chuyen bang tieng Han hoac tieng Anh.
- : Hay cho toi tra hoac ca phe.
- : Toi muon hoc tieng Anh hoac tieng Hoa.
- : Toi muon i du lch My hoac Uc.
- 13 -
14
CHNG II. Tho ket thuc cau
1. DANH T
Tho ket thuc cau tran thuat, la hnh thc bieu hien cua ong t . Khong the chia
tho () hoac () . Co ngha la: la
CAU TRUC
V DU
- : Toi la ngi Viet Nam.

- : ay la thanh pho Ho Ch Minh.
- : Ho la ngi nc ngoai.
- : Hom nay la th ba.
2. DANH T ?
La cau truc nghi van, dang cau hoi cua ong t . Co the i vi cac danh t hoac cac
t e hoi nh , , La tho chia lch s, cong thc. Co ngha la: co phai
khong, co phai la, la g, g?
CAU TRUC
= ? (Co phai la hoc sinh khong?).

= ? (La cai g vay?).
= ? (Bao gi vay?).
V DU
- ?: Ai la Minsu?
- ?: Nha anh au?
- ?: Tao gia bao nhieu?
- ?: Anh ay la giao vien phai khong?
- ?: Cai nay la cai g vay?
3. TNH T, ONG T /
Tho ket thuc cau tran thuat, chia cung vi ong t hoac tnh t, la tho chia lch s, cong thc.
-
Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc
bang phu am.
bang nguyen am hoac mau am .
CAU TRUC
=
=
=
=
=
V DU
- : Hoc tieng Han tai Han Quoc.
- 14 -
- : Mon an Han Quoc rat cay.

- 8 : Moi ngay lam viec 8 tieng.
- : Toi thch bong a.
- : Ngay mai khong co thi gian.
4. Tnh t, ong t + /?
Tho chia trong cau hoi cua ong t va tnh t, la hnh thc chia cong thc, lch s. Co ngha:
khong, co khong?, hay khong?
-
Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc bang Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc
bang phu am.
nguyen am hoac phu am .
CAU TRUC
= ? (Co i khong?).
= ? (Co an khong?).
= ? (Co xa khong?).
V DU
- ?: Bay gi anh lam g?

- ?: Co nhieu ban khong?
- ?: Bao gi anh co thi gian?
- ?: Anh co thch hoa khong?
5. DANH T + / .
ng sau cac danh t, tho ket thuc cau tran thuat, co vai tro giong va thay the cho
trong khau ng, khong mo pham. Cung co ngha: la, ay la
-
Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang nguyen am.
CAU TRUC
LU Y
= (ay la bc th).
= (ay la cai o).
(ay la sach).
va eu co the dung trong cau hoi, co y hoi: khong, phai khong. Khi la cau
hoi th ngi noi can phai len giong, thng ket hp vi cac t e hoi nh , ,
- ?: Anh ang au vay?

- ?: Cai nay la cai g?
- ?: Ngi ay la ai vay?
V DU
Dung khi danh t ket thuc bang

phu am.
- : Em toi la sinh vien.

- : ay la ban cua toi.
- : Nha toi ang kia.
- : ay la v toi.
- 15 -
6. ONG T + ()
Tho chia trong cau cau khien, i cung vi cac ong t ch s yeu cau, cau khien, ru re, cung
lam mot viec g o. Co ngha: hay cung, cung.
-
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.
hoac phu am .
CAU TRUC
= (hay cung i).

= (hay cung oc).
V DU
- : Tat ca chung ta cung lam nao.

- : Hay ngh mot chut
- : Nao hay cung uong ca phe.
- : Nao hay cung xem phim nghe.
7. ONG T + ()()?
Tho chia ket thuc cau. i lien vi ong t, the hien chu nh cua mnh va hoi y kien cua
ngi nghe, co y ru hoac d oan, t hoi mot ieu nao o.
Co ngha: 1. Hay la, cung nhe, nhe, co c khong?
2. c khong, khong nh, cha nh?
-()
-()
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang cac phu
am.
hoac bang phu am .
CAU TRUC
= ()? (Lam nhe?).

= ()? (Co khong nh?).
= ()? (Hay ngoi xuong ay nhe?).
= ()? (e xem th nhe?).
LU Y
Khi cau truc () c i cung vi danh t, co y d oan: co phai la, la... phai khong?
- ()?: Anh la hoc sinh phai khong?
- ()?: Anh ay la bac s phai khong?
V DU
- ()?: Te nhat qua, hay chung ta xem phim nhe? (Ngha 1)

- ()?: Toi giup anh nhe? (Ngha 1)
- ()?: Hay ta ien ve cong ty xem th nhe? (Ngha 1)
- ()?: Chung ta lam mot chen ru nhe? (Ngha 1)
- ()?: Mot mnh anh ay co lam c khong nh? (Ngha 2)
- (): Anh ay en khong nh? (Ngha 2)
- (): Bay gi em toi a en Seoul cha nh? (Ngha 2)
8. ONG T + ()!
Tho ket thuc cau e ngh, menh lenh, yeu cau.
- 16 -
Co ngha: hay, i, mi.

-
-()
hoac phu am .
CAU TRUC
V DU
(Hay xem, mi xem).
(Hay oc).
(Hay ngoi xuong, mi ngo)i.
- : Hay (nhat nh) lam bai tap nhe!

- : Neu can hay ien thoai.
- : Hay tham quan xem/ hay ngam xem.
- : Anh hay tra li i.
9. ONG T + ()?
DANH T + () ()?
Tho ket thuc cau, ngi noi a biet trc mot s that nao o va noi cho ngi nghe e xac
nhan lai s that o ma ngi nay (tc la ngi nghe) cung a biet ve s that nay, co khi
bieu at muon gianh c s ong y cua ngi nghe.
Co ngha: khong? ung khong?
CAU TRUC
LU Y
V DU
? (Anh thch ung khong?)
? (Lanh ung khong?)
? (Anh la hoc sinh ung khong?)
Trong van viet hoac ca trong van noi, co khi c viet hoac noi ngan ngon thanh
.
-
?: Anh la giao s Kim ung khong vay?
- ?: Anh co the giup toi c khong?

- ?: Cong viec nhieu nh vay, anh ban lam phai khong?
- ?: Anh nhat nh en d am ci cua toi ch?
10. ONG T + ()
DANH T +
Tho ket thuc cau. Bieu hien s d oan, mot d nh, hoac mot s that cha c xac nh
chnh xac.
Co ngha: chac la, chac, co le la, co the la, se.
-
hoac bang phu am .
CAU TRUC
(Chac la se i).
(Chac la a en ni).
- 17 -
LU Y
V DU
(Chac la a en).
(Chac la hoc sinh).
c dung nhieu cho ngoi th 3.

- : Co le ngay mai tri se ma.
- : Chac bo phim ay se hay.
- : Anh ta se en ay.
- : Nhng ngi ay chac la ngi nc ngoai.
11. ONG T + () ().

Tho ket thuc cau, bieu hien mot s chac chan, mot li ha, ke hoach cua ngi noi. Co
ngha: se, chac se.
- ()
- ()
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu
am.
hoac bang phu am .
CAU TRUC
= () (Se lam).
= () (Se an).
LU Y
Ch i vi ngoi th nhat, toi, chung toi, ta, chung ta.
V DU
- : Toi se ien thoai.

- : i ve toi se lien lac (vi anh).
- : Viec o toi se lam.
- : Co thi gian toi se en.
12. ONG T + ()
DANH T + () ().
Tho ket thuc cau. Nham giai thch mot s that hoac a mot ly do nao o, co khi e nhan
manh mot y, mot nguyen do nao o.
Co ngha la: v, do v, la v.
CAU TRUC
LU Y
() (v au).
() (v khong co).
() (v ghet).
- Co the i vi th qua kh (/) nhng khong the i vi th tng lai dung .

- Thng dung trong cau tra li hoac mot cau co hai y ma y trc neu len s viec va y sau
dung e giai thch s viec o.
V DU
- : Ngay mai (do) toi co thi gian, chung ta gap

nhau vao buoi chieu nhe.
- , : Toi cha lam c viec o, v khong co thi
gian.
- 18 -
- : a chuan b xong, chung ta i thoi.

- : Chieu toi khong ban, cau en chi nhe.
13. ONG T, TNH T + ()()/

DANH T + ()()/
Tho ket thuc cau cam than. The hien, nhan manh mot s ngac nhien hoac cam than nao o.
Thng i nhieu vi cac pho t ch mc o nh , ,
Co ngha: that la, th ra la, te ra, hoa ra
CAU TRUC
()/
Dung khi ket hp vi tnh t.
()/
Dung khi ket hp vi ong t.
(),
Dung khi i vi danh t.
=
=
=
V DU
/ (ep qua/ th ra ep the).

/ (th ra ang ngu).
/ (th ra la thay giao).
- : Thi tiet lanh qua/ th ra la thi tiet lanh qua.

- : Anh noi tieng Anh gioi qua.
- : Th ra cau la Yongsu.
- : Cau hat hay qua/ Th ra la cau hat hay the.
- : Thi tiet that la nong.
B. Hnh thc bo ng
1. TNH T LAM BO NG ()
Khi mot tnh t bo ngha cho mot danh t, thng co ngha hien tai.
Dung khi tnh t ket thuc bang nguyen am.
CAU TRUC
LU Y
Dung khi tnh t ket thuc bang phu am.
Dung khi tnh t ket thuc bang phu am .
(tau nhanh (khac vi cham)).
(co gai ep).
(can phong nho).
(mot mua he nong nc).
1. Vi nhng tnh t co cau truc , nh , , th khi

nhng tnh t nay lam bo ngha cho danh t khong phai dung () ma dung .
-
= (mon an ngon).
- = (bo phim khong hay).

2. Vi cac tnh t ket thuc bang nguyen am th khi lam bo ng th dung ma khong
dung .
- 19 -
- = (thi tiet lanh).

- = (bien rong).
3. Vi cac tnh t ket thuc bang phu am nh , , khi lam bo ng th
chuyen thanh phu am
- = (ao o).
- = (toc vang).
V DU
- : Co ay ang hat bai hat buon.

- : ng coi thng nhng ngi ngheo.
- : Anh ta la ngi ban thu v.
- : Hay can than thi tiet nong.
- : Toi thch cac mon an cay.
- : Mac ao vang ra ng.
2. ONG T LAM BO NG -()/-/-()

Tuy theo viec ong t lam bo ng ket hp vi (), hay , hay () ma y ngha bo
ng ve thi the cung khac nhau.
Qua kh: dung -()
Hien tai: dung -
Tng lai: dung ()
CAU TRUC
= (ngi ban (ma trc ay) a gap).

= (ngi ban (ma hien nay) ang gap).
= (ngi ban (ma trong tng lai) se gap).
LU Y
1. Khi noi ve mot s viec mnh a trai qua, mot thoi quen, cung co the dung - e dien
ta.
= (ao a tng mac).
= (ban nhac a tng nghe).
2. Khi hoi tng, noi ve mot s viec mnh a trai qua, co y qua kh hoan thanh th chia
ong t thi qua kh -// va dung .
= (ngi ban a gap trc ay).
= (a tng hoc).
3. Co khi danh t lam bo ngha cho danh t, th dung .
= (ngi ban ca s).
= (ao Cheju que hng).
V DU
- : Ngay ma th khong i ra ngoai.

- : Nhng ngi se en du lch Viet Nam ngay
cang ong.
- : Toi a tm c o vat b mat trc ay.
- : Chang co cai e mac, cung chang co cai e an.
- : Gap lai ngi ban a chia tay trc ay.
- 20 -
- ?: Cho anh va i la au?
C. Cac hnh thc danh t hoa

1. ONG T, TNH T
Dung khi muon chuyen mot ong t hoac mot tnh t thanh mot danh t. Co ngha: cai viec,
viec vv..
c dung nhieu trong van viet, cac cau khau hieu, tuc ng, thanh ng.
CAU TRUC
V DU
(viec s dung).
(viec hoc hanh).
(s kho khan).
- : Viec hoc tieng Han kho qua.

- : Ngay mai co thi viet.
- : Banh nhn ngon th an cung ngon.
- : Cau be ay ch thch chi thoi.
2. ONG T, TNH T ()
Cung co chc nang tng t nh dung e bien mot ong t, tnh t thanh danh t. Co
ngha: cai, s, viec, cai viec...
CAU TRUC
= (giac m).
= (noi au).
LU Y
1. Co mot so ong t khi chuyen sang danh t i co nh vi - hoac -().

Vi : , , ,
Vi : , , , ,
2. c dung nhieu trong van viet, cac cau tuc ng, thanh ng, khau hieu, bang hieu.
V DU
- : Vui qua nen bat ra tieng ci.

- : Hom nay ngh/ khong ban.
- : Anh ta co giac m cua mnh.
- : Buon vui lan lon.
- 21 -
D. Cac hnh thc pho t hoa
1. TNH T
Dung sau tnh t, co chc nang noi ro ve mc o, trang thai va y ngha cua hanh ong xay
ra tiep theo. Co ngha: mot cach, nh bang, en mc...
CAU TRUC
= (mot cach ang yeu).

= (mot cach ngon mieng).
V DU
- : Cau be ay ci (mot cach) de thng.

- : Chung toi an cm (mot cach) ngon lanh.
- : Toi mua c hang (re).
- : Hay noi chuyen cho va long nhau.
ONG T
Khi ket hp vi ong t, th co y ngha giai thch muc ch cua hanh ong pha sau,
giong nh .
Co ngha: e, e cho, e co the...
CAU TRUC
= (e co the ngu c, e ngu).

= (e oc sach).
V DU
- : Hay no lc e co c thanh tch tot.
2. CAC LOAI PHO T

Pho t ch thi gian
, , , , , , ,
Pho t ch tan suat
, , , ,
Cac pho t thng
, , , , ,
Pho t ch mc o
, , , , , ,
Cac ong t hoac tnh t, danh t ket hp cung vi -,-, -, - va khi o tr thanh
pho t:
()
, , , , , ,
()
, ,
()
, , , , , ,
()
, , , ,
- 22 -
E. Cac hnh thc ket noi
1. ONG T, TNH T
DANH T ()
Ket noi danh t, tnh t hoac ong t, co s ket noi theo thi gian hoac ong thi. Co ngha:
va, roi, roi th, hoac.
ong t, tnh t
Danh t co patxim
khong co patxim
CAU TRUC
+ (Lam bai tap roi

xem tivi).
+ (ay la sach
con kia la but ch).
LU Y
1. Khi hai cau truc danh t noi ket vi nhau th co ngha la: khong ke, du la.
- : Du nam hay n th eu lam c.
- : Du la banh hay cm eu an c.
2. Khi c dung trong s ket noi thi gian th co the thay the bang .
- = : Tap the duc xong
th tam.
- : Lam bai tap xong th a bong.
3. Khi nhng ong t hoac tnh t co t trai ngha, ket hp vi nhng t trai ngha o th cau
thanh s ket noi oi lap.
- : Cac van e ln nho eu a c giai
quyet.
- : Ngi th nhieu ma thc an th t.
V DU
- : Mua ong tuyet ri va lanh.

- : Tot nghiep xong toi se i lam.
- : Bong a th thang con bong ro th thua
- : Xem sach xong roi ngu.
2. ONG T, TNH T (/)

Ch s ket noi cua ong t hoac tnh t, trnh bay mot nguyen nhan nao o pha sau hoac
mot ieu kien.
-
Dung khi cac ong t, tnh t ket thuc bang phu am , .
-
Dung khi cac ong t, tnh t ket thuc bang phu am , , , .
Dung khi cac ong tnh t ket thuc bang .
- 23 -
Co ngha: do, v, v... cho nen, la.... nen.

CAU TRUC
+ (au bung nen i vien).

+ (Do muon nen i taxi).
+ (Hom nay la
ngay ngh nen i leo nui).
LU Y
Khi -(/) ch nguyen nhan hoac ly do th cau van tiep theo khong the dung hnh
thc -(), -(), -(). Trong trng hp o, phai chuyen sang mau
ch nguyen nhan -().
- : Met nen toi ngh.
- : Met roi anh ngh i.
- ?: Met roi, chung ta ngh nhe?
V DU
- : Thi tiet nong nen a bat may lanh.

- : Phan khi nen toi a khao be ban.
- : V can tien nen toi a lam them.
- : Co le v ban anh ay khong en c.
3. ONG T, TNH T ()
DANH T ()
Ch ly do hoac nguyen nhan, ch cau trc la nguyen nhan cua cau sau. Co the i cung vi
- (), (), ().
Co ngha: do, v, la v.
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac phu am
.
- ()
Dung khi ong t hoac tnh t ket thuc bang phu am.
- ()
Dung khi i vi danh t.
+ (Tri ma, chung ta hay

che du vay).
+ (Thi tiet tot
anh nen i du lch).
+ (V la ban be nen toi giup).
V DU
- : Bo phim o hay, chung ta cung xem nhe.

- : Bay gi toi khong co thi gian nen hay
goi lai cho toi sau.
- : Ngay nao cung tap the duc nen anh ta khoe manh.
- : Bay gi ang hop, chung ta tat ien thoai cam tay i.
4. ONG T () (, , )
La hnh thc ket noi i lien vi cac ong t di ong nh , , , cau/ve sau
ch muc ch cua hanh ong pha trc.
Co ngha: (i, en) e, e lam.
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac bang phu am .
- 24 -
() Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.

CAU TRUC
+ (en nha th e cau

nguyen).
+ (en
Han Quoc e hoc tieng Han).
V DU
- : Ti trung tam ngoai ng e hoc tieng Anh.

- : Ti ai s quan e xin visa.
- : en bu ien e gi th.
- : en e tm ban.
5. ONG T () ()
ay la hnh thc ket noi, cau/ve sau xuat hien e ch mot y nh hoac mot muc ch nao o
cha thc hien c. Khong giong vi cau truc () phai i vi cac ong t chuyen
ong ch phng hng, cau truc nay co the ket hp vi cac ong t khac. Cau/ve tiep theo
khong s dung c cau truc () va (). Co ngha: e, e lam.

Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.
CAU TRUC
+ (Goi ien
thoai e gap ban).
(eo knh e oc sach).
V DU
- : Hoc suot ca em cho o ky thi.

- : Ghe ngan hang e vay tien.
- : Len tau e i Busan.
- : Mua qua e tang bo me.
6. ONG T, TNH T
DANH T ()
La hnh thc ket noi, cau/ve sau co y ngha oi lap vi ve trc. Cau/ ve trc co the ket
hp vi cac th qua kh / va th tng lai . Cau/ve trc va sau co the thay oi
nhng cau/ve sau neu dung th nghi van th khong phu hp.
Co ngha: tuy nhng, tuy
CAU TRUC
+
vui).
(Tuy kho nhng rat
+ (Khong biet
ten nhng biet mat).
+
(Muon xem phim nhng khong co thi gian).
LU Y
Co the dung ngay trong phan au cau e bat au cau th hai.
- 25 -
- ?: Xin loi, cho toi hoi bu ien au?

- , ?: Xin loi, bao gi anh tra lai cho toi?
V DU
- : Tuy nh cha me nhng khong ve tham c.

- : Tuy la ngi nc ngoai nhng gioi tieng Viet.
- : Hnh thc th tot nhng noi dung th kem.
- : Toi muon giup anh nhng khong co thi gian.
7. ONG T ()
DANH T ()
Ket noi hai ve cau hoac hai cau, the hien hai ong tac xay ra ong thi.
Co ngha: va va
()
Dung khi ket hp vi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac phu am .
Dung khi ket hp vi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.
Dung khi ket hp vi danh t.
+ Va hat va
ve tranh.
CAU TRUC
+ (Va an cm va oc
bao).
+ (Anh ta va
la giao s ai hoc, va la bac s).
V DU
: Va ngh ve gia nh va
viet th.
- : Va hoc va lam.
- : Va xem bao va nghe nhac.
- : Va tuyet ri gio lai thoi.
8. ONG T, TNH T + ()
ONG T +
DANH T +
Dung the hien mot ly do, s chuyen oi, s oi lap hoac giai thch mot tnh huong nao o.
Co ngha: nhng, v, la v, th
Dung khi ong t, tnh t ket thuc vi nguyen am.
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong t, tnh t ket thuc bang phu am.
Dung khi la danh t.
+ (C the th yeu
nhng chi gioi the thao).
+ (Thi tiet
lanh, hay mac ao am vao).
+ (Ban toi la ngi nc
ngoai).
LU Y
Hai ong t va khong i cung vi () ma i vi -.

Co khi c dung ket thuc cau: (Nhng gi anh ta ang ngu).
- 26 -
V DU
- 2 : Toi co hai cai ve (nen) chung ta cung i nhe.

- : Hen vi ban roi nhng ban toi khong en.
- : Nha th rat ep nhng at qua.
- : Mon an nay do toi lam, anh nem th xem sao.
9. ONG T, TNH T ()
DANH T /
Nham ch mot s nhng bo, mot s cho phep hoac mot ieu kien nao o. Cau/ve trc
thng i cung vi pho t . Cau truc thng thay la () //.
Co ngha: cho du, du, du cung
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong t/tnh t ket thuc co nguyen am, .
Dung khi ong t/tnh t ket thuc bang cac nguyen am khac.
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang .
Dung khi ket thuc bang danh t.
+ ? ? (Nhn cung c ch, nhn cung khong sao ch?)

+ ? ? (An cung c ch?)
+ (Du co khoe cung b
cam).
+ (Du la chu nhat nhng
cung lam viec).
LU Y
Khi cau hoi nham hoi mot s cho phep nao o, neu cau tra li phu nh th co ngha ieu o
b cam, khong c phep, cau tra li thng la cau truc () .
Hoi: ? (Ngoi ay co c khong?)
ap: , (Khong, khong c ngoi ay).
V DU
- ?: Buoi toi goi ien thoai cung khong sao ch?

- : Hoc the nao cung khong hieu c.
- : Du met nhng ngay nao cung i lam.
- : Du co nhieu tien th trong trng hp
nay cung chang lam c g.
10. ONG T ()
Chu ng cua cau/ve trc va ve sau la ong nhat. Dung ket noi hai ong t, bieu th mot s
bien oi t hanh ong nay sang hanh ong khac hoac mot trnh t lien tiep xay ra cua hanh
ong.
Co ngha: roi, roi th.
CAU TRUC
+ (Vao thanh pho

roi gap em).
+ (Nghe ban tin roi
ngu thiep i).
LU Y
Cung co the co mot so trng hp chu ng cua hai hanh ong khong ong nhat, khong
thong nhat.
- 27 -
V DU
- : Thng th thay giao day, hom nay

th ban lai day
- : i lam roi thoi/ ngh.
- : Lai xe xong roi ngh.
- : Cai ban nay cha dung roi cho toi.
- : ang an cm th nghe ien thoai.
11. ONG T, TNH T (/)

Khi mot hanh ong pha trc ket thuc va co mot hanh ong tng phan pha sau xay ra.
Chu ng phai la mot va cac ong t thng phai la cac t co y ngha oi lap.
Co ngha: roi th, roi.
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang nguyen am ,
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang cac nguyen am khac.
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang .
+ (Ban en va i roi).
+ (Ca m roi ong lai).
+ (Hen roi lai huy).
LU Y
Co khi hanh ong pha sau bieu th ket qua, ly do cua hanh ong pha trc
- : Uong ru roi lai xe nen b phat.
- : Ti nha ban xem video.
V DU
- : Ma tanh roi lai ri.

- : a at/ goi roi nhng lai huy.
- : Nhap vien roi lai ra vien.
- : Hoc thuoc t mi roi lai quen mat.
12. ONG T, TNH T ()

Bieu hien hanh ong hoac ong tac cau/ve trc a ra phat trien theo chieu hng tiep tuc.
Co ngha: cang, hn na.
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong t ket thuc bang phu am.
+ (Cang ngu cang met).

+ (Cang oc cang thay hay).
LU Y
Cung co the dung cau truc () () e nhan manh y cang cang

- : Cang ngu cang met.
- : Cang oc cang thay hay.
V DU
- : Cang nhieu tien cang phai tiet kiem.

- : Cang met cang nen co gang.
- : Cang nhn cang thay ep.
- 28 -
- : Chc v cang cao cang phai khiem ton.
13. ONG T +
1. Bieu th y ngha mc o nao o hoac ch muc ch, phng hng cua hanh ong cua cau
van pha trc. Co ngha: e cho, e.
2. Ch mc o hoac gii han cua hanh ong cau van pha trc. Co ngha: en noi, en mc.
CAU TRUC
+ : Hay day cho

toi co the hieu c (Ngha 1)
: Toi qua toi hoc suot em (Ngha 2).
LU Y
Co luc mang y ngha: lam cho, e cho, en noi, khien cho.

- : Can than ng e knh b v.
V DU
- : e yen cho anh ay ngu, ng quay ray (Ngha 1).

- : Chung ta hay co gang len, ng e thua (Ngha 1).
- : An cho ti be ca bung (Ngha 2)
- 2 : Hai thang roi chang co tin tc g (Ngha 2).
14. ONG T, TNH T (/)

Cau truc ket cau cau, i lien vi ong t, tnh t, cau/ve trc la tien e, ve sau la ket qua.
Co ngha: phai th mi
CAU TRUC
+ (Co hoc mi
thi tot c).
+ (Co
nhieu tien mi i du hoc c).
LU Y
1. Neu ve sau, cau sau co y ngha phu nh th co ngha la (/) du

the nao th cung
- : Du co no lc the nao th cung khong co ket qua.
2. Neu ket hp vi va y ngha cua no nhan manh hn.
- () : Phai no lc mi thanh cong c.
3. Neu ket hp vi cau truc (/) th co y ngha hoi han.
- : Neu ma no lc th thi au roi.
4. Neu (//) ket hp vi , th co y bat buoc, ngha vu.
- : Phai oc sach nhieu mi c.
V DU
- : Thi tiet tot mi thu hoach tot.

- : Phai uong thuoc nay th mi hoi phuc.
- : Co uong thuoc cung chang co ket qua g.
- : Neu ve que th a gap c ban ay roi.
15. ONG T
- 29 -
Ket hp vi ong t bieu hien hanh ong ve/cau trc va ket thuc th lap tc xuat hien
hanh ong cua ve/cau sau.
Co ngha: Ngay sau khi
CAU TRUC
+ (Xem phim xong

la toi ve nha ngay).
+ (Va ngoi
xuong la co ien thoai).
V DU
- : An toi xong la ngu ngay.

- : Nhan c th la oc lien.
- : en ni la lien lac ngay.
- : Hoa va n a tan.
16. ONG T/ TNH T +

DANH T + ()
La hnh thc ket noi, ch ieu kien ve trc, co ngha: nh, neu nh, gia nh, neu la,
co xu hng i lien vi menh lenh thc nh , .
CAU TRUC
+ (Neu lap gia nh th lien

lac cho toi nhe).
+ (Gia re nen hay mua nhieu
vao).
/ + / (Neu b
cam/au bung th hay uong thuoc).
LU Y
1. Co xu hng ket hp vi menh lenh thc , .

- / : Neu met th hay ngh/hay cung ngh a.
2. Co xu hng ket hp vi , , trong cau tran thuat.
- / / : Neu ngh he toi se
i lam them/muon lam them/ chac se i lam them.
3. Cung co the thay the bang c, nhng trong cau truc th ve trc
c xac nh va ve sau c gii han ve mat thi gian.
- . : Neu i bien se i tau
xem.
Trong trng hp sau, chung ta khong the thay the ngc lai c.
- . . (sai)
V DU
- : Neu a tin anh ta th ng nghi ng.

- : Neu ve que th a nhng th nay cho cha me
(Ngha 2)
- : Neu cau met th ve ngh trc i.
- : Nc soi roi th cho m vao i.
- 30 -
CHNG III. ai danh t

1. NAY/ KIA/ AY //
ay la nhng ai danh t co tnh xac nh, i lien vi mot s vat pha sau. c s dung tuy
vao khoang cach vi ngi noi, (nay) c dung trong trng hp s vat gan,
(kia) c dung trong trng hp s vat xa, con (ay) th dung khi s vat xa ca ngi
noi va ngi nghe.
CAU TRUC
/ : (Ngi nay).
/ : (Cai but ch ay).
/
V DU
: (Con chim ay).
- : Hay a t bao ay cho toi

- : Hay nhan lay mon qua nay.
- ?: Benh vien ay co noi tieng khong?
- ?: Mon an kia ten la g?
2. CAI NAY / CAI KIA / CAI AY //

La nhng ai danh t ch s vat, co the dung cho tat ca, tr ngi va a iem: Cai nay / cai
kia / cai ay
CAU TRUC
? (Co mua cai nay khong?)

- , () .
? (Cai kia co ngon khong?)
- , () .
? (Vt cai o i nhe?)
- , () .
LU Y
Khi co so nhieu th them vao pha sau: nhng cai nay, nhng cai kia,
nhng cai ay.
- .
(Tat ca nhng cai nay eu la o tot).
- / .
(Nhng ngi nay / nhng v nay eu la ngi tot).
V DU
- ? ?: Mua cai nay khong? Mua cai kia khong?

- : Hay cho toi mn cai ay.
- ?: oi cai nay va cai ay cho toi.
- ?: Cai ay ma anh cung khong biet sao?
3. AY/ KIA / CHO AY / /

ai danh t ch v tr, a iem. Co ngha: cho nay, ni nay / cho kia, ni kia / cho ay, ni ay.
CAU TRUC
? :
, .
(Ni nay co phai la th vien khong? Vang, ay la th vien).

? :
( cho kia co ban quan ao khong? ay co ban quan ao).

- 31 -
? : , .
(Ni ay co phai toa th chnh khong? Vang, cho o chnh la toa th chnh).
LU Y
Cung co khi c dung lam pho t trong trng hp cho nay cho kia.
() / .
(Cho nay cho kia co nhieu ngi/nha th).
V DU
- () ?: Ngoi cho nay co c khong?

- () ?: Anh a bao gi en cho kia cha?
- : Hay chay lai ang ay.
- ?: T cho nay en cho kia mat bao lau?.
4. AI / LA AI /
ai danh t nghi van, ch ngi, dung e hoi khi khong biet ve ho ten, nghe nghiep va quan
he. Co ngha: ai, la ai?
CAU TRUC
? (Cau gap ai?)

- .
? (Co phai ban khong?)
- .
LU Y
Khi dung vi tieu t chu t th c rut gon thanh .

- [ + ] ? (sai) [ + ] ? (ung).
V DU
- ?: Mu cua ai vay?
- ?: Anh i cung ai vao thanh pho?
- ?: Anh se gap ai?
- ?: Anh ch th cua ai vay?
5. AU, NI NAO
ai danh t nghi van. Co ngha: au, au, ni nao. Hoi ve a iem, dung khi muon biet
a danh, v tr, a ch, co the ket hp vi cac pho t thanh , , ,
, .
CAU TRUC
? (Gap nhau au?)

- .
? (Cho nao tot?)
- .
V DU
- ?: Anh muon i au.

- ?: ien thoai cong cong au?
- ?: Anh chi tenis au?
- ?: Anh nh i tham quan ni nao?.
- 32 -
6. G, CAI G
T nghi van, khong dung cho ngi ma cho vat, s vat, cong viec. Co ngha: g, cai g.
CAU TRUC
? (Anh xem g vay?)

- .
? (Cai g at?)
- .
LU Y
Trong khau ng th c rut gon thanh , c chuyen thanh ,

.
- / ? (Nhn cai g?)
- ? (Cai g at?)
V DU
- ?: Anh tm cai g vay.

- ?: Trong cuoc i th ieu g la quan trong nhat.
- ?: An ph bang cai g?
- ?: Anh va lam g vay?.
7. KHI NAO, BAO GI
T nghi van, ch thi gian, dung e hoi khi muon biet ve thi gian, ngay thang, nam Co
ngha: bao gi, khi nao, luc nao.
CAU TRUC
? (Bao gi anh i?)

- 3 .
? (Khi nao?)
- .
LU Y
- ?: Khi nao th anh ve que?

- ?: Hoi ngh khi nao th ket thuc?
- ?: Bao gi en sinh nhat anh?
- ?: Bao gi anh se gap ban?
8. BAO NHIEU /
Khi hoi ve so lng, gia, c ly, trong lng, thi gian. Co ngha la: bao nhieu, bao nhieu cai.
CAU TRUC
? : .
? :
LU Y
15 km.
1. Hai t va eu co ngha giong nhau la bao nhieu, nhng co the lam

chu ng, con ch la pho t.
- ?: (chu ng)
?: (pho t)
2. Khi hoi ve thi gian th i cung vi ong t , khi hoi quang thi gian th i cung
vi .
- 33 -
- ?: Mat bao nhieu thi gian xuong en Busan.

- ?: Anh i bao lau roi?
V DU
- ?: Cai may anh kia gia bao nhieu?

- ?: Tien hoc ph la bao nhieu?
- ?: T Seoul xuong Chon An mat bao nhieu
thi gian? (Ngha 2).
- ? Con bao nhieu sa na? (Ngha 1).
9. NA0 / G / + DANH T
The nghi van bo ng, khi hoi ve ngi nao o hoac s vat, chung loai, tnh chat. co
ngha la nao? co ngha la g?
CAU TRUC
? (Sach g vay?)
- .
? (Quyen sach nao vay?)
- .
LU Y
dung e bieu at ca chung loai va tnh chat cua ngi hoac s vat, con ch
thng dung cho chung loai
- ? (V nao la giam oc?).
Cau di ay sai:
- / ? (sai)
V DU
- ?: Anh thch loai nhac nao?

- ?: Ong Park la ong nao vay?
- ?: Chung ta goi mon an g nh?
- ?: Hom qua anh nhan c mon qua g?
10. MAY, BAO NHIEU + DANH T

T dung e hoi ve so lng. Co ngha: may, bao nhieu.
CAU TRUC
? (May ngi en?).

- .
? (Mat may tieng ong ho?).
- .
LU Y
1. Co khi c ket hp vi tr t thanh , : may, bao nhieu.

- ? .
(Con thieu bao nhieu ngi? Co mot so ngi cha en).
2. Khi ket hp vi va tr thanh : may ngay?
- ?
V DU
- ?: Moi ngay hoc may tieng?
- 34 -
- ?: Anh mua bao nhieu cai mu?.

- ?: i du lch the gii may thang?
- ? Uong may ly ca phe roi?
Chng IV. Thi the

1. ONG T, TNH T (/)
La the loai qua kh, ch s viec, hien tng, ong tac a xay ra xong, thuoc ve qua kh. Co
ngha: a, a roi.
CAU TRUC
(a ngu).
(a an).
:
LU Y
(a hoc).
1. Khi i vi cac pho t nh , , th ch thoi quen trong qua kh.

- (Toi a thng leo nui).
- (Toi a tng/ trc ay ngay nao cung i th vien).
2. Khi // ket hp cung vi na e ch thi qua kh hoan thanh th co ngha la
s viec khong con lien quan en hien tai.
- : Anh ta a nhap vien (co the anh ta ang vien).
- : Anh ta a nhap vien (anh ta a ra vien).
V DU
- : Xem phim vi ban.

- : Toi viet th cho cha me tuan trc.
- : Trc ay chu nhat nao cung don ve sinh va
giat giu. (Ngha 1)
- . Anh ta a i t sang. (Ngha 2)
2. ONG T, TNH T
Dung khi ngi noi hoi tng mot viec g hoac cho biet mot viec g o trong qua kh.
Co ngha: th thay, th
: / + Danh t / a thay
: / + Danh t / kho.
LU Y
1. Khi hoi tng mot ong tac hoac trang thai trong qua kh a hoan thanh th dung cau truc
: a roi, tng
- (ay la cong vien ma chung ta a gap nhau).
- (Khi en ni th cuoc hop a ket thuc roi).
2. Co the ket hp vi ch d doan, kha nang.
- (Bo phim hom qua chac hay lam).
- (Ngay mai chac se co tuyet).
V DU
- : Co dau ep qua (hoi tng ve qua kh).
- 35 -
- : Ngay mai chac tri se lanh (d oan, ngha 2).

- : ay la quan ca phe chung toi thng en.
3. ONG T, TNH T /
TNH T
ONG T /
ay la cau truc ch th hien tai, ong tac hoac trang thai cha hoan thanh.
Dung khi ong hoac tnh t khong co patxim.
/
/
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong hoac tnh t co patxim.
: . / . / (uong).
: . / . / (ngoi).
1. Khi/ ket hp vi ong t ch ong tac th / them vao sau ong t va bieu at y
cua th hien tai, tuy nhien c dung nhieu trong van noi hn la van viet.
- :
+ : (uong).
- : + : (ngoi).
2. Neu dung vi (bay gi) th ch s vien ang dien ra, neu dung vi (thng
xuyen), (ngay nao cung), (hang ngay), (thng xuyen) th co ngha
ch thoi quen hoac s lap i lap lai.
- (Toi ang mac ao).
- (Sang nao cung a bong).
3. Neu la ong t th ong tac th co the ket hp vi cac pho t tng lai va thanh thi tng
lai.
- (Tuan sau (se) gap nhe).
- (Ngay mai (se) co lng).
4. Khi ket hp vi ong t ch tnh chat th co y ngha lien tuc.
- (Mua thu mat me).
- (t cay).
5. Co the ong t ket hp vi nham hien tai hoa s viec, thng dung trong van viet,
nhat ky, tac pham van.
- (Hom qua gap ban tiem banh).
- (Tri tiep tuc am u).
- (Sang nao cung tap the duc Ngha 2)
- (Ngay mai se bat xe buyt i Seoul Ngha 3)
- (Tuan nay thi tiet nong Ngha 4).
- (Bay gi ang chup anh cong vien Ngha 2).
4. ONG T, TNH T +
Ch th tng lai. Ch y nh hoac d oan.
Co ngha: se, chac se.
CAU TRUC
: / / (Se en).
- 36 -
: ? / ? / ? (Se lanh phai khong?).

LU Y
1. Khi dung e ch d nh th ch co the ket hp vi ong t ong tac, con neu dung
e ch s d oan th co the dung vi ca ong t ong tac va trang thai.
- ? (ung), ? (ung).
- () (ung), () (sai).
2. Khi dung e s d oan th khong the dung vi ngoi th nhat lam chu ng, tuy nhien
khi dung vi ngha d oan th co the.
- () ?: (Co ay) se nha ch? (d oan).
- () : (Toi) se nha (y nh).
- () : (Chung toi) se don ve sinh (y nh).
3. Khi dung ch s d oan th khong nhng co the bieu at y tng lai trong hien tai
va tng lai, ma cung co the ket hp vi // e bieu th s d oan chuyen a xay
ra trong qua kh.
- / ?: Hom nay/ngay mai se lanh ch?
- ?: Tien an ngay hom qua chac at lam.
V DU
- : Ngay mai tuyet se ri nhieu.

- : Toi se ong ca so.
- : Cuoc hop hom nay se ket thuc nhanh.
- : Toi se gi cho anh tai lieu trc tuan sau.
5. ONG T +
Ch ong tac ang tien hanh. Khong the ket hp vi tnh t, t ch s ton tai, t ch nh. Co
ngha la: ang.
CAU TRUC
/ / (ang ve).
- / / (ang an).
(sai)/ (sai).
LU Y
1. khong ch co ngha la ang xay ra, cung co ngha ch mot thoi quen, mot s viec
ang lap i lap lai.
- : Ngay nao toi cung i bo.
- : Toi thng xem phim.
2. thng khong i c vi cac ong t ch co tnh chat trang thai, tuy nhien cung
co the ket hp vi mot so ong t ch tam ly nh , va khi o khong con ngha
tiep dien ma ch s ton tai.
- : Tin vao than thanh.
- : Toi biet viec o.
3. Co the bieu at th tiep dien cua hien tai, qua kh va tng lai.
- : ang ve tranh (hien tai ang ve)
- : Hom qua th (chac la luc ay) ang ve tranh (qua
kh).
- : Ngay mai (chac luc ay) ang ve tranh.
- 37 -
V DU
- : Hom qua khi ban en th toi ang lam

bai tap - (Ngha 3).
- ?: Bay gi ai ang nghe ban tin vay?
- : Khi chup anh th (co ay) ang ci - (Ngha 3).
- ? Anh ang lam viec au? (Ngha 1).
Chng V. Cac bieu hien phu nh

1. DANH T /
ay la hnh thc phu nh cua (la). Co ngha: khong phai la/ khong la/ khong
Dung khi danh t co patxim.
CAU TRUC
Dung khi danh t khong co patxim.
: (Khong phai la tao).

: (Khong phai tui xach).
LU Y
Hay dung vi cau truc / / va / va thng dung

trong khau ng.
- : Hom nay khong phai la th hai.
- : Cai nay khong phai tao ma la le.
V DU
- : Ngi nay khong phai la ngi My.

- : Bay gi khong phai thi gian ngh ngi.
- : ay khong phai la bai au xe ma la con ng.
- : Cai o khong phai la o at tien.
2. ONG T/ TNH T +
+ ONG T/ TNH T.
ay la hnh thc phu nh cua ong t hoac tnh t. Co ngha: khong, khong phai
CAU TRUC
: / (khong ngh).
: / (khong cao).
LU Y
1. khong the chen lien vao gia tan ng va ong t, chnh v vay vi cau truc Danh t +
th hnh thc phu nh phai la Danh t + , con vi cau truc tan ng th phai
la Tan ng + + ong t.
- (Chao).
(ung) / (sai).
- (Gap ban)
(ung) / (sai).
2. Mot so ong, tnh t nh (biet), (khong biet), (khong co), (co),
(ep), (hoc) khong i c vi cau truc + ong tnh t,
nhng lai i c vi cau truc ong t/tnh t +
- 38 -
- . . . (sai).
- . . . (ung).
3. Vi cau truc ong/tnh t + th sau co the them mot so pho t nham
nhan manh y ngha, nhng van khong thay oi y ngha.
- / / / .
V DU
- . (= ): Em gai khong eo knh (Ngha 1).

- . (= ): Nc song khong trong.
- . (= ): Khi tri ma th khong ra xe
(Ngha 1).
- . (= ): Van phong khong ln (Ngha 3).
3. ONG T/TNH T +
+ ONG T
La hnh thc phu nh cua ong t va mot so tnh t, ch kha nang, nang lc thieu, yeu, hoac
khong at c mc o nao o. Co ngha: Khong the, khong co the, khong c.
CAU TRUC
: / (Khong uong c).

: / (Khong lam c).
LU Y
1. Mot so tnh t co the i vi cau truc ong t + , tuy nhien khong the i vi
cau truc + ong t.
- / (ung)
- / (ung)
- ./ (sai)
2. Cau truc ong t/tnh t + va ca + ong t co the chuyen sang thay
the bang cau truc () , y ngha khong thay oi.
- / . .
- / . .
3. Cau truc phu nh ong t/tnh t + / + ong t, tnh t va cau truc
ong t/tnh t + / + ong t co y ngha khac nhau. Cau truc co
co ngha la khong co y nh lam, con cau truc co th co y ngha la muon lam nhng
khong lam c.
- : Toi khong i benh vien (co the i nhng khong i).
- : Toi khong the i vien (v kha nang khong cho phep).
4. Trong cau truc ong/tnh t + , pha sau co the them tr t nham nhan
manh, tuy nhien y ngha khong thay oi.
- , , ,
V DU
- . (= ): Khong the viet th bang tieng Han

Quoc.
- . (= ): Khong the lai xe cong vien.
- . (= ): Khong c lam on th vien.
- 39 -
- : Khong an c mon an cay (Ngha 4).
4. ONG T +
ay la hnh thc phu nh cua cau khien, menh lenh.
Co ngha: ng, hay ng
CAU TRUC
ong t + ()
ong t + .
ong t + ()
ong t + .
1. The menh lenh

- : / () (ng vao).
-
: /() (ng ong ca).
2. The cau khien

- : / (Chung ta ng vao/ hay ng vao).
- : / (Chung ta ng ong/ hay ng ong).
LU Y
1. Hnh thc phu nh cua the menh lenh va cau khien ch co the ket hp vi ong t ch
ong tac ma thoi.
- / / (ung)
- / / (sai)
2. la the t co the dung trong nhieu trng hp. Co the ket hp tr thanh cac cau
truc , , .
- : c g thi au.
- : Du at hay khong th cung khong sao ca.
- : Du co la sinh vien hay khong th cung khong sao.
- : ung la ep that.
- : ng mua day, hay mua mu.
V DU
- : Hay ng noi chuyen to tieng.

- : ng thng xuyen bo hen/ huy hen.
- : ng oi mu ay.
- : Chung ta ng xuat phat qua sm.
5. ONG T ()
DANH T
Ch mot s cam oan hoac khong co kha nang. Co ngha: cam, khong c, khong the
CAU TRUC
: (Khong the ch c).

: (Khong the cat/giam bt c).
LU Y
1. Khi ket hp vi ong t ch ong tac th cung co ngha giong nh + ong t

- . (Khong the ngu c).
- . (Khong the chu ng c).
2. Khi ket hp vi danh t thanh Danh t /. Khi o lai khong co ngha la
kha nang hoac s cam oan ma ngi noi d oan hoac ch i mot ieu g o.
- 40 -
- () : (Co le) o la s that.

- () : (Tuyet oi) khong the la s that.
V DU
- : Khong c (khong the) i vao bai co.

- : o khong the la trach nhiem cua toi c (Ngha 2)
- : Met qua em khong lam viec c.
- : V muoi nhieu nen khong the m ca.
6. ONG T () /
Ch mot ieu mnh a trai qua trong qua kh. Co ngha: cha tng, cha bao gi/ a tng
(lam g).
CAU TRUC
: / (Cha tng/a tng nhap vien).

: / (Cha bao gi tin/a tng tin).
LU Y
1. Co the thay the bang cau truc ()

- /.
/ .
- / .
/.
2. Co the ket hp vi cau truc (/) e the hien viec th nghiem, th xem.
- / a tng mac th Han
phuc.(a tng mac th o truyen thong Han Quoc).
V DU
- : Cha bao gi c nhan hoc bong.

- : Cha bao gi chon mua ca vat. (Ngha 2)
- : Cha bao gi sinh em be.
- : Cha tng cam th hoa bao gi. (Ngha 2)
7. ONG T, TNH T ()
Biet (cach, phng phap) lam g.
ONG T, TNH T ()
Khong biet (cach, phng phap) lam g.
Dung the hien khi khong biet/biet phng phap/cach e lam g o hoac khong biet/biet lam
g o.
CAU TRUC
: (Khong biet cach viet)

(Biet cach viet)
: (Khong biet an nh the nao)
(Biet cach an/ biet an)
1. Khi ket hp vi ong t ch hanh ong va tnh t th co ngha la chu ng cua cau noi biet
hoac khong biet mot s that nao o.
- () . .
- . .
- 41 -
2. Co the dung trong qua kh, i cung vi , , chuyen thanh

() . Con khi ket hp vi tnh t th no co ngha la tnh
t //.
- : Khong biet la anh ay i the nay (khong biet ve s that nao
o).
- : Khong ng no hay nh the (co ngha no a rat hay).
V DU
- : Khong biet nen cot toc the nao cho ep.

- : Khong biet s dung may vi tnh.
- : Khong ng la mnh thi tot nh vay (Ngha 2).
- : Khong biet cach quan bang (Khong biet nen quan bang nh
the nao).
8. ONG T, TNH T ()
Neu... th khong c/ Cam...
ONG T, TNH T (,)
Du... cung c/ c ...
ay thng co ngha gii han, cho phep hoac khong cho phep, vi trng hp khong cho
phep thng i vi cac pho t ch mc o nh

Dung khi ong tnh t ket thuc khong co patxim
hoac bang patxim .
CAU TRUC
()
Dung khi ong tnh t ket thuc co patxim.
()
: () (Ngu la khong c/ Khong c ngu).

: () (An la khong c/ Khong c an).
: () (Ca phe la khong c).
: () (Thuoc bot la khong c/ Cam thuoc bot).
LU Y
1. Cau truc oi ngc cua () (cam) khong phai la () ma la

(/) .
- : Trong luc hoc khong c ngu.
- : Bay gi th ngu c roi.
2. Hnh thc phu nh cua () la , cau truc nay la cau truc
hai lan phu nh, cang nhan manh y khang nh, co ngha la khong th khong c/ phai.
Co the i them vi cac pho t khac nh /. Cung co the thay the bang cau truc
(/) (phai).
- (Khong the khong i).
(/) (Nhat nh phai i).
- (Khong the khong mac).
(/) (Nhat nh phai mac).
V DU
- : Cam khong c uong ru roi lai xe.

- : Cam khong c vt giay loai ra ng.
- 42 -
- : Khong c e l hen.
- : am tang phai mac ao en.
(Ngha 2)
Chng VI. Cach the hien s ton trong

1. TON TRONG CHU THE

Them vao sau ong t hoac tnh t. Dung khi ong tnh t ket
()
thuc khong co patxim hoac co patxim .
CAU TRUC
()
Dung khi ong tnh t ket thuc bang patxim.
()
: .
: .
LU Y
Khi chung ta dung hnh thc knh ng , can phai thay oi tr t / thanh .
- / / . (khong can dung cach ton trong).
- / / . (dung cach noi ton trong).
V DU
- : Cha toi gap ban. (Lu y)

- : Anh ng ch lau qua.
- ?: Ong cua anh a oc bao sang nay cha?
(Lu y)
- : Me luon luon tin chung toi. (Lu y)
2. TON TRONG NGI NGHE / OI TNG / NGOI TH HAI

Tuy theo v the, tuoi tac cua ngi nghe ma co the dung mot trong nhng cau truc sau:
CAU TRUC
1. Dung khi ch s rat ton trong, cho be tren, ngi nhng v tr cao cap
- : Xin mi anh ngoi.
- ?: Anh co thch leo nui khong?
2. Dung mc o ton trong, cho be tren, ngi ln tuoi.
- ./ ?
3. Dung mc ton trong bnh thng, khi muon noi vi cap di cua mnh.
- .
- ?
4. Dung mc than mat, hoa ong: cac moi quan he than thiet hoac gia ban be vi nhau.
- ./ ?
5. Khong can phai to s knh can: dung cho cap di, ngi t tuoi hn hoac tre em.
- 43 -
- ./ ?
LU Y
1. Trong sinh hoat hang ngay th thng hay dung cach 1 va 2 nhat. Ngha la ban be hoac
ngi ln tuoi vi nhau th dung (/), ngi rat than hoac vi ngi cap di
th dung (/).
2. nhng v tr chnh thc, cho ong ngi, trnh trong th dung the //,
nhng v tr bnh thng, khong sang trong khach kh th dung the (/).
3. Cung co the dung t ha thap mnh , e ton trong ngi nghe, hoac cac t ton
knh nh , , , , e ton trong ngi nghe.
- .
Nhng: . (the ton trong)
- .
Nhng: . (ton trong)
V DU
- : Hay oc theo.
- : Hay tang qua cho cha me.
- : Toi a mi cha me en ay
- : Toi se lam (Ngha 3).
3. CAC CACH TON TRONG KHAC

Dung cac t ng ch s ton trong.
1. Danh t ch s ton trong
CAU
TRUC
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
2. Tr t ch s ton trong
/
:
CAU
/
:
TRUC
/ : ()

:
3. ong t ch s ton trong

:

: /

: /

:
CAU

:
TRUC

:
:

:

:
- 44 -

:

:
V DU
- : Tai cuoc hop ong giam oc phat bieu.

- : Cha me a an toi.
- : Ngai co thoai mai khong a?
- : Ong ang ngoai cong vien.
- : Toi xin phep c noi.
- : Hay hoi thay giao xem.
- : Toi gap va chao trng phong.
- ?: Hay la e toi a ong ve nha?
Chng VII. ong t va tnh t bat quy tac

1. BAT QUI TAC

Vi tat ca cac ong t ket thuc bang patxim nh , , , ,
, , , , , , khi ket hp vi phu am th khong
thay oi nhng khi ket hp vi nguyen am th eu chuyen sang .
: + = khong thay oi khi ket hp vi phu am
: + =
CAU TRUC
-/
-(,)
-(,)
-()

LU Y
bien thanh
1. Ch duy nhat hai ong tnh t , th khong chuyen thanh ma thanh .

-/
-(,)
-(, )
-()
2. Nhng ong tnh t nh , , , , ... th lai la nhng ong tnh t

thng khong thay oi .
V DU
-/
-(,)
-(, )
-()
- ?: Mua ong nay co lanh khong nh?

- : Neu toi xin viec hay giup toi vi (Ngha 1)
- : Nghe th de hn noi.
- : Trc khi don ve sinh rat ban.
- 45 -
2. BAT QUI TAC

Tat ca nhng ong t bat qui tac co patxim la nh , , , , ,
, , , , khi ket hp vi , , th se b mat.
: + = .
:
= (khi ket hp vi nguyen
am th khong bien oi).

CAU TRUC
LU Y
-/ -() -(, )
Nhng ong tnh t co lam patxim khi ket hp vi , , th khong

them . Tuy nhien nhng ong t co patxim la , sau khi chuyen thanh th lai
phai them .
- : () + (//)
, ,
- : () + (//)
, ,
- : {(3), (5)} / {(3), (5)}
- : {(3), (5)} / {(3), (5)}
- : {(3), (3)} / {(3), (3)}
V DU
- : ch co ban nhieu hang re.

- : V song My nen gioi tieng Anh.
- : Mua xuan th thng co bm bay va chim hot.
- : Toi co the may ao.
3. ONG TNH T BAT QUI TAC

Trong cac ong tnh t ket thuc bang , th cac ong t , , , ,
se chuyen t thanh .
: + = ( khong chuyen thanh).
: + = (chuyen thanh ).
/
()
(,)
()
CAU TRUC
LU Y
Nhng ong t nh , , , , () lai la nhng ong t khong

chuyen thanh .
/ () (,) ()
- 46 -
V DU
- : Tren bao co bai viet

- : Toi se hoi ban a ch.
- : Toi a nhan ra loi cua mnh
- 30 : Moi ngay i bo 30 phut.

Trong nhng ong tnh t ch trang thai co patxim la th cac ong tnh t ,
, , , , , th neu ket hp vi hoac nguyen am
th b lc bo, va khi ket hp vi / th cung b lc bo va tr thanh .
: + = ( b lc bo).
: + = ( b lc bo, chuyen thanh ).
/?
()?
() ?
() danh t
CAU TRUC
LU Y
V DU
Nhng nhng ong tnh t nh , , , , , , , ,

th khong b lc bo:
/?
()
?
()?
()/ danh t
- ?: V cua tao o nh the nao?

- ? ?: Mua cai quan xanh hay la mua cai quan
en?
- ? ?: Xe mi mua ay la mau trang hay la mau
vang?

Trong nhng ong t bat qui tac ket thuc bang th cac ong tnh t nh ,
, , , , , , , khi ket hp vi nguyen am th
b lc bo.
: + = (khi ket hp vi phu am).
: + = = (khi ket hp vi nguyen am).
/
()
(,)
(,)
CAU TRUC
- 47 -
V DU
- : oi bung nen khong i c.

- : Anh ta va to ngi va ln giong.
- ?: Hom qua sao anh bc mnh the?
- ? ?: Anh viet th hay cha viet?

Nhng ong tnh t ket thuc bang nh , , , , ,
, , , , neu ket hp vi nguyen am th se b lc bo
va them .
: + = (khong oi khi ket hp vi phu am).
: + = + + = + + =
/
()
(,)
(,)
CAU TRUC
V DU
- : Quan ao giat a kho roi.

- : Khong hoc nen khong biet.
- : No bung qua khong the an c na.
- : Toc cat ngan roi.

Nhng ong t nh , , , , khi ket hp vi nguyen am th b
lc bo.
: + = (Khi ket hp vi phu am).
: + = ( b lc bo khi ket hp vi nguyen am).
/
()
(,)
()?
CAU TRUC
LU Y
V DU
Cac ong tnh t , , , la nhng ong tnh t khong the lc bo .

/
()
(,)
()?
- : Rot nc vao coc ca phe.

- : Uong thuoc xong va khoi.
- : Hay gach di.
- ? Noi hai si day lai nhe?
- 48 -
Chng VIII: Cac hnh thc b ong

1-
Cac t vng b ong [ ]

, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , , ,
V DU
Chu ong
B ong

Ban ao

Ao em ban

oc tieu thuyet

Tieu thuyet c oc

Bat pham nhan

Pham nhan b bat

An cm

ut cm, cho an cm
2. ONG T, TNH T (,)

Tr thanh/ b...
ay la cau truc ong t bo tr, neu ket hp vi ong t ch ong tac th thanh the b ong,
neu ket hp vi tnh t hoac ong t ch trang thai th la ch qua trnh.
Dung khi ong t va tnh t ket thuc bang ,
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong va tnh t ket thuc bang cac nguyen am khac.
Dung khi ong va tnh t ket thuc bang .
: (ch s bien hoa, bien oi).

: (the b ong).
: (ch s bien hoa, bien oi).
LU Y
1. Ket hp vi cac ong t ch ong tac th co ngha b ong

Chu ong
B ong
T vng b ong
2. Cac t vng b ong nh , , , van thng hay ket hp vi va the

hien hai lan b ong.
- : Sach c moi ngi oc.
( + + )
- : Ca b ong lai.
( + + )
- 49 -
3. Ket hp vi cac tnh t hoac ong t ch trang thai th khong co ngha b ong ma la dien
giai mot qua trnh: tr nen, tr thanh, thanh
- : : Gia ca tr nen at.
- : : Thi tiet tr nen lanh.
V DU
- : Cai nay (tr nen) kho cat

- : Anh ta se noi tieng.
- : Ni lam viec a tr nen xa hn.
- ?: Moi trng se thay oi ch.
3. ONG T, TNH T
Tr thanh, b, tr nen, phai, c.
La cau truc ong t bo tr. Khi ket hp vi ong tnh t the hien s b ong, va thng i
vi cac pho t nh , , hoac vi hnh thc hoan thanh .
CAU TRUC
: (Tr nen map/ map len).

: (Quen mat, b quen i).
: (Vui mng, (co, c) vui).
LU Y
Cau truc // the hien qua trnh bien hoa cua trang thai, hay i vi pho t ,
, . Con the hien ket qua bien hoa cua trang thai, thng i vi
cac pho t , , .
- : Tri sang dan (ch s bien hoa cua trang thai).
- : Cuoi cung tri a sang (bien hoa cua ket qua).
V DU
- : T ngay mai chung ta se (c, phai) gap nhau hang

ngay.
- : Nghe chuyen va (tr nen) thong cam cho
chong.
- : Cuoi cung th cung c ngh he va c
thoai mai (Lu y).
- : Cai cap tr nen /(b) nang hn.
Chng IX: The chu ong

1. CAC NGOAI ONG T
(T vng co tnh chu ong)
CAU TRUC
--: , , , , ,
--: , , , , ,
--: , , , , ,
--: , , , , ,
--: , , , ,
- 50 -
--: ,
--: , ,
Chu ong ()
V DU
LU Y
B ong ()
: Xem ho chieu
: Uong thuoc
: Em ci
: ng rong
: Cho xem ho chieu

: Bat uong thuoc
: Lam cho em ci
: M rong ng
1. Vi cac ong t nh , , () , , , th hnh

thc ngoai ong t va hnh thc b ong giong nhau.
- . (b ong)
- () . (ngoai ong t)
2. T vng b ong ket hp tot vi , nhng nhng t vng la ngoai ong t lai co xu
hng ket hp vi
- ( + + ) (b ong)
- () ( + + ) (chu ong)
2. ONG T, TNH T
La ong t bo tr, khi ket hp vi ong t ch trang thai hoac hanh ong th bieu hien s
.
Co y ngha: khien ai/ lam cho ai tr thanh nh the nao hoac lam g o.
CAU TRUC
: (lam cho ai o buon).

: (lam cho ci, choc cho ci).
: (e ai ngoi xuong, cho ai ngoi xuong).
LU Y
1. Trong cau chu ong cua cau truc th cac tr t nh , co the chuyen
thanh //.
- . [ ].
- . { .}
2. cung co the ket hp vi , , , the hien hai lan ngoai ong t.
- . ( + + )
- . ( + + )
3. Cung y ngha nh vay co cau truc nhng ch ket hp vi ong t ch ong
tac.
- () (=) .
- () (=) .
- (ung) / (sai).
V DU
- : Bao ngi lam vn trong cay.

- : Toi khong ti nc lam cho cay chet.
- : Toi cho hai ngi gap nhau phong tra.
- : V co nhieu viec can lam nen bat nhan
- 51 -
vien i lam sm.
Chng X: Cach dan dung

1. DAN DUNG TRC TIEP []
/// /
Noi la/ hoi la/ noi la...
La phng phap a li noi, suy ngh cua ngi khac y nguyen vao trong dau ngoac .
Va pha sau o la ket hp vi cac cau truc: noi la/ hoi la/ e ngh la vv e dien at.
CAU TRUC
- ? ? : Anh ta hoi la May tuoi?"

- . . : Anh ta noi la Hay en nhanh."
V DU
- . : Anh ay noi la Tri se nhieu may.

- . : Anh ta noi la Hay en bat c luc nao.
- ? : Anh ay hoi la a lap gia nh cha?.
- . Anh ta e ngh Tuan sau chung ta
cung i du lch.
2. DAN DUNG GIAN TIEP []

(/), (), (/), (), (),
Noi rang la, noi la, la ...
Ngi s dung loi noi dan dung gian tiep tuy theo cac y nh cua mnh ma dung cac cau
truc e the hien cho ung vi yeu cau cua mnh, khi o cau dan dung se khong nam trong
dau ngoac na ma cac cau truc ng phap se ong vai tro the hien cach noi dan dung.
Cau tran
thuat
Cau nghi
van
Cau cau
khien
1. ong t

2. Tnh t

3. Danh t
()
4. ong t
()
5. Tnh t
()
6. Danh t
()
7. ong t

Cau menh 8. ong t

()
lenh
CAU TRUC
1. 6 .
- 52 -
6 : So Ra noi la co ay day luc 6 gi.

2. .
: So Ra noi la co ay rat met.
3. ?
: So Ra hoi la mua g?
4. ?
: So Ra hoi la mu cua ai?
5. .
: So Ra ru chieu nay i xem phim.
6. .
: So Ra noi la hay len tau ien nhanh len.
LU Y
V DU
Co the dung - thay cho - , ,

- : Ban toi noi la ng lam am y len.
- : Anh ay hoi ve s thch cua toi. (Lu y)
- : Co ngi noi vi toi la hom nay khach en.
- : Anh trai toi noi hay en tham benh. (Lu y)
3. RUT GON []
ay la hnh thc ket hp khi s dung loi noi gian tiep (/) , () ,
-(/), () , -() , th dung cac hnh thc
ngan hn theo cac bieu sau:
CAU TRUC
Cach noi gian tiep
Rut gon
ong t /
ong t / Noi rang/la
Tnh t
Tnh t Noi la
Danh t ()
Danh t () Noi la
ong t ()
ong t () Hoi la
Tnh t ()
Tnh t () Hoi la
Danh t ()
Danh t () Hoi la
ong t
ong t Ru cung
ong t ()
ong t () Noi la
1. . .
2. . .
3. . . / .
4. . . / .
5. . . / .
6. . . / .
7. . ./ .
- 53 -
V DU
- : Ho ru toi i leo nui v tri ep.

- : Ho noi la mua ong nam nay tuyet ri nhieu.
- : Ho hoi toi la ao Cheju co ep khong?.
- : Ho noi ho phai lam viec cham ch khi con tre.
Chng XI: Cac t noi

1.
Va, vi
Ket noi hai cau hoac hai ve cau ngang bang vi nhau hoac ch th t.
CAU TRUC
- . .
- . .
LU Y
Khi ch s ket noi bnh ang hoac th t nao o th co the dung e thay the.
- , .
: Cai nay la tao con kia la le.
- . .
: Phong rong va sach.
V DU
- . : Anh trai la sinh vien va em la

hoc sinh cap ba.
- . : Hom nay tri nhieu may va co gio
thoi.
- . : Mua giay ch va an ca
cm tra luon.
- : Ban toi hoc gioi va chi the thao cung
gioi. (Lu y)
2. /
Tuy nhien, tuy la... nhng/ nhng ma...
Dung khi hai cau co noi dung oi ngc nhau hoac oc lap vi nhau.
CAU TRUC
- . / : Ao at nhng ma ep.
- . / : Tuy la mua he nhng khong nong.
LU Y
Trong trng hp ch s oi chieu th co the dung cau truc e thay the.

- . / .
: Kim chi cay nhng ngon.
- . / .
: Mua ong nhng khong lanh.
V DU
- . / : La chu nhat nhng toi day sm.

- : Anh ta tuy giau co nhng khiem ton (Lu y)
- . / : Ngu nhieu nhng van met.
- 54 -
- . / : Tuy a gi th nhng khong

co hoi am.
3.
Neu vay th, neu the th...
Dung e ket noi khi cau trc la tien e cua cau sau.
CAU TRUC
- ? : Tri ma, neu vay th phai dung o.

- . : Hay leo nui, neu nh vay se tot cho sc khoe.
LU Y
1. Co the thay the bang cau truc -().

- . b: .
(Neu met th hay ngh).
- . .
(Neu tam th se cam thay thoai mai).
2. co the rut gon thanh
- . (=) .
3. Trong van noi th co ngha la tat nhien, con , th
co ngha la phai vay ch, co vay ch.
- : ? (Em cau co au khong?).
- : (Tat nhien roi).
- : (Phai vay ch/ co vay ch).
V DU
: : Muon mat roi.

: : Vay th on taxi i. (Ngha 2)
: : Nong qua.
: : Neu vay th tam i.
: : Toi nh nha.
: : Neu vay hay goi ien thoai i.
: : Th hai toi ban.
: ?: Neu vay th th ba c khong?
4.
V vay, v the nen...
Cau trc la ly do va nguyen nhan cua cau sau.

CAU TRUC
- . : Rat met, chnh v vay nen ngh.

- . : Muon nen i taxi.
LU Y
1. Co the thay the cho cau truc (/).

- . .
.
- . .
.
- 55 -
2. Khi dung cau truc (khong biet co phai vay hay khong) co ngha la d
oan nguyen nhan hoac ly do.
- : : Ngay mai la ngay thi.
- : : Khong biet co phai vay hay khong ma
th vien hoc sinh that nhieu.
V DU
- . .
- . . (Ngha 2)
- . .
- . (Ngha 1)
5.
Tuy nhng, nhng ma, the ma lai...
Dung trong trng hp cau sau oi lap vi cau trc hoac thay oi noi dung noi chuyen.
CAU TRUC
- . : Phong th nong, the ma may lanh lai h.

- . : Mua ao, nhng c lai nho.
LU Y
1. Co the thay the cho cau truc (), - (nhng ma, nhng).
- . .
.
- . .
.
2. S dung khi noi chuyen nhng noi dung thay oi.
- : : Mi anh ngoi.
- : . ?: Xin cam n. Nhng ma ngay mai anh i du lch

phai khong?
V DU
- . .
- . .
- . .
6.
Chnh v vay, v the nen...
CAU TRUC
LU Y
Dung khi cau sau la ket qua tat nhien cua cau trc.
- . (Sinh nhat ban, v the nen mua qua).
- . (Toi xin loi, the nen ban cung xin
loi).
1. Co the thay the bang cau truc - (v, v the).
. .
.
. .
.
2. Co the dung (v vay nen) (v the nen) e thay the.
- 56 -
- . .
Hay nhn quyen v cua hoc sinh nay. V the nen mi hoc gioi.
- ? .
Nha hang ay khong than thien phai khong? V vay nen mi khong co khach.
3. Co khi ch hai hanh ong xay ra noi tiep nhau. Co ngha: va the la
- . .
M ca phong, va the la tat ca cac ban vo tay.
- . .
M may lanh, va the la t nhien mat ien.
V DU
- . : Kho qua, v the cau nen on tap.

- : V khong khoe nen can tap the thao. (Ngha 1).
- . : Ni lam viec xa, v the phai i sm.
- . : Cau ay nho qua, v the khong i mot
mnh c.
7.
S dung khi co y tuy tha nhan cau trc nhng cau sau lai co y trai ngc. Co ngha: tuy
the nhng, tuy nhng
CAU TRUC
- . : Mon an re, the nhng van ngon.

- . : Mua xuan nhng tri van lanh.
LU Y
1. Co the thay the bang cau truc (/) (cho du nhng cung)
- . .
: Cong viec tuy kho nhng vui.
- . .
: Tuy la ngi nc ngoai nhng gioi tieng Han
Quoc.
2. Dung trong hoi thoai, khi ngi th hai tiep nhan cau noi cua ngi th nhat va chuyen
sang y khac.
- : .
- : .
V DU
- . : Met, nhng cung se lam xong viec.

- . : a m may lanh, nhng van nong.
- . : Song canh bien, nhng cung khong
biet bi.
- : Tuy co nhieu viec buon nhng van ci.
(Ngha 1)
Chng XII: Hnh thc gia nh

1. DANH T ()
Neu la, neu...
- 57 -
Dung khi danh t ket noi khong co patxim.
Dung khi danh t ket noi co patxim.
-
CAU TRUC
+
V DU
(Neu la chim)
(Neu la ngi Han Quoc).
- : Neu toi la ngi Han Quoc toi se gioi

tieng Han.
- : Neu cuc ay la vang th toi se giau co.
- 20 ?: Neu hai mi nam sau co i du lch vu tru
c khong nh?
- : Neu toi la ngi may th toi se rat khoe.
2. ONG T, TNH T ()
Neu, neu... th.
-
-
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong hoac tnh t ket thuc bang nguyen am hoac
patxim.
Dung khi ong hoac tnh t ket thuc bang patxim khac.
: (Neu tri ma).

: (Neu nhieu tien).
LU Y
-() co khi c dung khong phai la gia nh ma la ieu kien.

- : Neu tri tuyet se i trt tuyet.
- : Neu co nhieu tien th toi se
giup anh ay.
V DU
- : Neu cau met nhieu th hay ngh nha.

- : Neu nghe tin toi se bao cho anh biet.
- : Neu gap anh ay th cho toi gi li hoi tham.
- : Neu sinh con trai toi se khao.
3. ONG T (/), TNH T

Neu...
CAU TRUC
Dung khi ong t ket thuc khong co patxim hoac co patxim.
Dung khi ong t ket thuc co patxim.
Dung khi ket hp vi tnh t.
: (Neu ve que).
: (Neu rut tien tiet kiem)
: (Neu khuon mat ma ep)
- 58 -
V DU
- ?: Neu gianh c huy chng vang

Olympic th tot biet may.
- : Neu ma c hoc bong th vui qua.
- : Neu ma cau cham ch th thi o roi.
- : Neu nui ay ma thap th ngay nao cung muon leo
len.
Chng XIII: Cac hnh thc the hien khac

1. ()
1.
TNH T ()
VD:
: Hnh nh, dng nh
- : Hnh nh hom nay tri nhieu may th phai.

- : Anh ta ang vui th phai.
2.
ONG T ()
VD:
: a tng, tng
- : Toi a tng nhap vien.

- : Toi a tng mac Han phuc.
3.
TNH T ()
Khong biet la bao nhieu / rat

VD:
- : Nhan c thng mng i la mng.

- : Nui ay cao i la cao.
4.
ONG T ():
VD:
Tnh t/ t khi/ ke t
- 2 : Tot nghiep a hai nam roi.

- 4 : Cay ay trong c 4 nam roi.
5.
TNH T
VD:
() : Thuoc dang, thuoc loai
- : Ban toi thuoc loai sc khoe yeu.

- : Con song ay thuoc loai rong.
6.
() : Cho du
VD: - : Du at nhng cung mua nhieu.
ONG T
- : Tuy nho ngi nhng chi the thao gioi.

7.
ONG T
VD:
() : Gia v, gia lam
- : Ban ay gia v nh khong nhn thay toi.

- : Gia lam nh la a oc sach ay.
8.
ONG T ()
: Gan nh, giong nh la, coi nh la, giong nh
- 59 -
VD:
- : Gi th coi nh la thang roi.

- : Hnh nh la nhan c
qua cua ban
2. ()
1.
ONG T, TNH T ()
Giong nh, dng nh

VD:
- ?: Hnh nh la sap ket thuc phai khong?

- : Hnh nh cai ao nay chat th phai.
2.
ONG T, TNH T ()
:
Biet au, khong chng, co the
VD:
- : Khong chng co khi thi trt.

- : Biet au mua ong nay tri lanh.
3.
ONG T, TNH T ():
VD:
Khi, luc
- : Khi mua la o en chung ta hay i du lch.

- : Hay ket thuc cong viec khi con nhieu
thi gian.
4.
ONG T () :
ang ra, ung ra, ang ly ra
VD:
- : ang ra toi phai giup.

- : ang ra toi phai nha.
5.
ONG T ()
VD:
: C nh la, giong nh la..
- : Tri nhieu may nh sap ma rao.

- : Chat ay thc an nh la mnh
an c nhieu lam.
6.
ONG T, TNH T ():
S la, hnh nh la th phai

VD:
- : Toi s gia at nen khong hoi gia.

- : Toi s b an trom nen a rat can than.
7.
() :
T ngh rang, khong biet co nen
ONG T
VD:
- : Toi ang ngh khong biet co nen ngh lam.

- : Toi ang nh khong biet co nen trong cay
- 60 -
hong trong vn.

8.
ONG T ()
VD:
: ang gia, ang e
- : Bo phim ay ang xem.

- : Mon an nay ang an.
9.
ONG T ()
VD:
: Suyt na, t na th
- : Toi chay suyt b nga.

- : Giat mnh suyt lam o ca phe.
10.
ONG T ()
VD:
: en mc, en o
- : Bay gi a (at) en
trnh o co the viet th bang tieng Han Quoc.
- : a be ln en mc co the i mot
mnh roi.
11.
ONG T, TNH T
() ():
Cho nen, chnh v the

VD:
- () : Toi se gi th cho anh nen

nh hoi am cho toi.
- () : Mon an nong nen can chu y.
12.
ONG T
() /:
Can/ khong can thiet lam g o.

VD:
- : Trc khi bi can phai khi ong.

- : Cai nay khong can phai ra lai au.
13.
ONG T, TNH T ()
VD:
: Moi khi, moi luc
- : Moi lan tuyet ri la ngh

en ngi ay.
- : Moi khi nong nc la an kem.
14.
ONG T
VD:
(): Muon cung (khong) c
- : Ban qua muon ngh cung khong ngh c.

- : Ngi ong qua muon ngoi
cung khong ngoi c.
15.
ONG T ()
VD:
: Hnh nh, dng nh
- : Hnh nh la sap sinh em be.

- : Hnh nh ho ang chup anh
- 61 -
ky niem th phai.
16.
ONG T, TNH T ()
VD:
: Ch, ch duy nhat la
- : Ch mong muon duy nhat la thanh cong.

- : Toi khong i, ch goi ien thoai .
17.
ONG T, TNH T ()
VD:
: Co the
- : Toi co the dung may vi tnh.

- : Anh co the oc c ch Han khong?
18.
ONG T, TNH T ()
VD:
: Cung co the
- : Anh ay cung co the thanh tong thong.

- : Bay gi i co the cung khong con
ve tau.
19.
ONG T, TNH T ()
VD:
: Khong the khong, bat buoc, phai, khong

con cach nao ngoai/phai
- : Nhieu tre em khong the khong

on ao.
- : Khong con cm chang co cach nao ngoai

viec nhn oi.
20.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
() (): Se, se la
- : Se co tin ngay thoi ma.

- : Benh se khoi, anh ng lo.
21.
ONG T ()
VD:
: en mc, ti mc muon
- : Met qua ti mc muon nga xuong.

- : S qua ti mc rung mnh.
3.
1.
ONG T
VD:
: Trong luc, trong khi, khi th
- : Trong luc ban i ve nha th toi

nghe nhac.
- : Anh hay i trong luc toi tm t ien.
2.
ONG T
VD:
: Hnh nh, dng nh la
- : Hnh nh ben ngoai tuyet au

mua ang ri.
- 62 -
- : Hnh nh em ang ngu.

3.
ONG T
VD:
/ : Biet la/ khong biet la
- ?: Anh co biet may gi may

bay en khong?
- : Khong biet la ai a gi qua.
4.
: Tot hn la, hay hn neu
ONG T
VD:
- : Ngh mot chut th tot hn.

- : An t tot hn la an nhieu qua.
5.
() TNH T, ONG T ()/ONG T : Tha con tot hn, tha
con hn
VD:
- ( ) : Tha la ngh con hn (ngu gat).

- ( ) : Tha i bo con hn (i
xe buyt)
6.
ONG T
/ :
Nhan tien, nhan c hoi, nhan luc
VD:
- : Nhan tien lam bai tap th on tap luon.
- : Nhan tien a en ay roi ngu ay

luon i.
7.
ONG T
VD:
: Ngay sau khi, ngay khi
- : en nha la goi ien cho toi lien nhe.

- : Nhan c th toi se tra li cho lien.
8.
TNH T, ONG T ()/ONG T
VD:
: Them vao/ a lai con/ them
- : a ma lai con gio.

- : a khong co tien lai con them oi bung.
9.
ONG T
D d dang dang/ cha xong/ voi voi vang vang

VD:
- : Khong co thi gian

nen an d dang/ voi voi vang vang.
- : Voi qua nen i
dep voi voi vang vang chay ra ngoai.
- 63 -
10.
ONG T
VD:
: Do, v nen, tai v
- : Ngu day muon nen khong kp

an cm sang.
- : Muon qua nen khong bat kp tau.
11.
Nhng, nhng ma (giai thch)

VD:
- : Nhng gan ay toi hi ban.

- : Nhng ma gi anh ay i ra ngoai roi.
12.
Gia v, gia bo
VD:
- : Han gia v au bung.

- : Met qua toi v ngu.
4. /
1.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: Ay, ay (cau cam than)
- : Co dau ep lam.
- : Anh chang ngi My ay an
mon cay rat gioi.
2.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
T khi, t luc
- : T khi anh ra i ti gi chang co tin tc g.

- : T khi thi tiet nong len thc an h het.
3.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: ch s giai thch nao o
- : Tuyen thu bong ro ay co voc ngi

that la cao.
- : Han Quoc vao dp le
ngi ta lam nhieu thc an.
4.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: ung la, la (giai thch)
- : Moi lan ngh dai ngay la xe eu tac nghen.

- : Ban toi c b nat thng xuyen.
5.
DANH T
VD:
///: Vi, cho
- : Toi noi vi ban la hay cung i xem phim.
- : Toi hoi thay giao co phai anh ta la sinh vien khong.

- 64 -
5.
1.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: V, bi v
- : Ban ha gia nen moi ngi en nhieu.

- : Tri nang nen quan ao giat nhanh kho.
2.
ONG T
VD:
: Trc khi, trc luc (lam g o)
- : Anh hay en ay trc khi tri ma.

- : Hay chai au trc khi chup anh.
3.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: Cung
- : Thnh thoang cung co xem phim.

- : Ngi cung ong qua.
4.
ONG T
Quyet nh (lam viec g o), ha la, hen la

VD:
- : Quyet nh hoc tieng nc ngoai.

- : Quyet nh lam them e kiem tien.
5.
ONG T
VD:
TNH T
: Lam th (con th)
- : Gap mat th kho nhng ien thoai th de.

- : Gi th khong thch ma cho th tiec.
6.
ONG T, TNH T
ONG T, TNH T
Tuy th that, nhng
VD:
- : Cai ao o at tuy at that nhng

toi muon mua no.
- : Tuy on th on that nhng van hoc.
7.
ONG T
VD:
: V, e
- : Gi thiep e chuc mng.

- : An e song.
8.
ONG T, TNH T
:
Noi g en chuyen.. (phu nh)
VD:
- : Noi g en chuyen thng xuyen i nui.

- : Bau khong kh co g au ma tot.
9.
ONG T, TNH T
- 65 -
Noi g en ngay ca
VD:
- : Noi g en chuyen moi ngi

en ong u, chang co ai en ca.
- : Noi g en chuyen xinh ep,
co ay trong phat s.
10.
ONG T, TNH T
:
La chuyen ng nhien, tat nhien phai
VD:
- : Vao mua ma th ma nhieu

la chuyen ng nhien.
- : Gay toi th b phat la chuyen
ng nhien.
11.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: Ch can neu
- : Ch can thi o th khong con g

mong muon hn na.
- : Ch can biet ch Han
la co the oc c bao.
12.
VD:
- : oi chung ta bat au thang.

- : Em be bat au biet i.
6.
1.
ONG T, TNH T
:
Tr nen/ tr thanh/ chuyen sang
VD:
- : Ngu muon nen khong i c.

- : La cay a chuyen sang vang.
2.
ONG T
/ :
Lam (cho ai) g o, khien cho, bat
VD:
- : Anh ta lam cho toi buon.

- : Toi bat cac em hoc sinh oc sach.
7.
1.
ONG T
VD:
: Sau khi, sau
- : Nhan lng xong toi se khao.

- : Chon ngay xong chung ta hay lien lac.
2.
ONG T
VD:
: Muon (lam g o)
- : Toi muon i du lch khap the gii.

- : Toi muon sinh con.
- 66 -
3.
ONG T
VD:
: Chac chan
- : Chac chan toi se thi o.

- : Nn lau qua nen toi bat ci.
4.
() ONG T, TNH T :
Tat nhien, chac chan..
VD:
- () : Chac chan toi se lien lac.

- () : Chac la no se hay ma.
5.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
: (tho cuoi cau, ch giai thch)
- : Nen lam xong cai nay trc.

- . : Anh ta tot bung, lai to cao na.
6.
ONG T
VD:
: D tnh, d nh, nh..
- : Toi ang nh ngh lam viec cong ty.

- : Toi ch muon nghe nhng li noi tot ep thoi.
7.
ONG T
VD:
: Th mi thay
- : Gap th mi biet la ngi quen.

- : Tm hieu ra th mi biet
ong ay la thay giao cua chung toi.
8. (/)
1.
ONG T, TNH T
VD:
(/): v, v cho nen (ch ly do)
- : V met nen toi ngh sm.

- : Khong co tien nen phai mn.
2.
ONG T
VD: -
(,): Roi, tiep theo la (ch th t)
: i qua ng roi i ve pha ben phai.
- Rut tien roi mua ao.

3.
ONG T, TNH T
(,) :
(Khong biet) Co phai la.. hay khong ma
VD: -
: Khong biet co phai anh ay ban hay

khong ma khong gap mat c.
- : Khong biet co phai c khen

khong ma cam thay vui ve.
- 67 -
4.
ONG T
(,) :
Co phai v... hay khong ma
VD: -
: Co phai v thua hay khong ma tinh than

chang con.
- : Khong biet co phai v benh

nang hay khong na ma anh ay phai mo.
9. ()/
1.TNH T, ONG T ()/ ONG T :
(giai thch mot s viec, hoac co y tng phan)
a roi/ the nhng
VD: -
: a met roi, ngh thoi.
- : Thay giao th ci nhng hoc sinh

th khong.
2.
Du nhng van
VD: -
: Du au nhng van lam..
- : Ngay nao cung gap nhau the ma van nhieu

chuyen qua.
3.
Va lai, a lai con

VD: -
: Cai ao ay va at chat lng lai xau.
- : Quyen sach nay a kho lai nhieu

ch Han.
4.
TNH T, ONG T ()/ ONG T
(giai thch tnh huong)

VD: -
. ?: Bay gi khong co nha, ai ay?
- : Th vien rong qua.
10. (, )
1.
ONG T, TNH T
VD: -
(,): Cho du, du
: Cho du tri ma cung i cam trai.
- : Du buon cung khong khoc.

2.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : Du cung c
: ien thoai muon cung c.
- ?: Toi mac cai ao nay co c khong?

- 68 -
3.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : Th xem, th (lam g)
: Hay th uong mot lan xem.
- ?: Anh a oc th quyen sach ay cha?

4.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : (ong t) cho/ giup/ ho
: Ban a gi bu pham cho toi.
- : Anh ay xach ho toi cai tui.

5.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : (ong t) roi th
: Goi cap long roi i.
- : Lam banh roi i.

6.
ONG T
(,) :
(a lam xong viec g va e o) San
VD: -
: Toi a don san phong roi ay.
- : Anh hay m ca san i.

7.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) /: Phai, nhat nh
: Nhat nh phai gap mat.
- : Phai luon co s t tin.

8.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : (ch s viec a lam xong roi) e
: Bao quan cho tot (con e o)
- : a lau sach se xong roi.

9.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : (ong t) mat
: Han i ve nha mat roi.
- : Quen li ha mat roi.

10.
ONG T, TNH T
VD: -
(,) : th mi thay
: Thi th mi thay kho
- : Nhan qua mi biet la cai bop.

11.
ONG T
VD: -
(,) : Trong co ve, trong nh
: Ben ngoai th trong co ve ln.
- : Nui ay trong co ve rat cao.
- 69 -
11. S()
1.
ONG T ():
VD: -
Neu muon
: Neu muon gap thay giao Kim th hay

en trng.
- : Neu muon tm viec th phai co gang.

2.
ONG T ()
VD: -
: Sap/ muon/ se (lam, xay ra)
: Tri nh muon ma th phai.
- : Toi muon trong cay vao ngay mai.

3.
ONG T ()
VD: -
: Du muon cung(khong)
() : Muon uong cung khong uong c.
- : Muon ong ca cung khong ong c.

4.
ONG T ()
:
Va ung luc nh, va mi, va...
VD: -
: Va mi bat au xong.
- : Va nh mac ao xong.
5.
ONG T ():
nh (lam g) nhng lai/ th (ch s thay oi)

VD: -
: nh nhan chuong nhng lai thoi.
- TV : nh m ti vi nhng lai m ai.
12. ()
1.
ONG T, TNH T ()
ONG T, TNH T (,) :

Neu ma, c ma, gia ma th tot qua.
VD: -
: Con trai toi ma thanh cong th hay qua/ tot qua.
- : Gia ma cai san the thao rong th tot qua.

2.
ONG T, TNH T ()
VD: -
(): Cang cang
: Cang khen lai lam cang gioi.
- : Cang nhieu oc gia cang tot.
13. ()
1.
ONG T, TNH T ():
- 70 -
Va va/ ong thi vi/ cung vi

VD: -
: Va ngu va noi sang.
: Cung vi tuoi tac nhieu len th tr nh kem i.

2.
ONG T, TNH T ():
Tuy ma cung/ the ma cung

VD: -
: Hat hay the ma cung khong hat.
- : Thch ma gia v khong thch.

14. ()
1.
DANH T ():
VD: -
ti, en (theo hng, theo chieu)
: Anh hay quay lai i.
- : Toi se i du lch (ti) My.

2.
DANH T ():
VD: -
Bang, dung bang
: Mon an Han Quoc th an bang tha va ua.
- : Hoc bang tieng Han Quoc.

3.
DANH T ():
VD:
V, do
- : Lan nay thiet hai ln v ma dam.

- : Nhap vien v mac benh nang.
4.
DANH T ():
VD: -
Vi t cach la
: Toi khuyen cau vi t cach la ngi i trc.
- : Dien thuyet vi t cach la tong thong.

5.
DANH T ():
VD: -
Bang (cai g o)
: Ngay xa lam giay bang a.
- : Tra n bang li noi.
15.
1.
DANH T
VD: -
: ti, tai, en
: Toi thue nha chung c.
- : Hay en nha toi chi mot lan.

2.
DANH T
VD: -
: Vao luc, luc
3 : Chieu nay gap luc 3 gi nhe.
- : Tap the duc vao buoi sang.

- 71 -
3.
DANH T
VD: -
: V, do
: Lan nay do cam nen khong thi c.
- : V cn a chan ay ma mat nha.

4.
DANH T
VD: -
: Vi, vao
?: Bo ng vao ca phe nhe?
- : Trong cay le tren nui.

5.
DANH T
VD: -
: Cho du, du cung
: Ngh dai ngay ma cung khong chi c.
- : Ban em toi cung lam viec cham ch.
16.
1.
DANH T
VD: -
: Ch, duy nhat
: Ch gioi bong ro.
- : Khong co thc an ch co cm.

2.
DANH T
:
Trong vong, trong/(khoang thi gian) roi mi
VD: -
: Trong vong mot ngay a lam xong cong viec.
- 3 : Ba nam roi gi mi gap lai ban ay.
17.
1.
DANH T
VD: -
() Du la... hay la
: Du don ve sinh hay la giat th eu

lam tot ca.
- : Du cm hay la banh th cung phai an

nhanh len.
2.
ONG T, TNH T
VD: -
: Du hay
: i hay la tuy cau.
- : Du nui cao hay thap th cung leo th

len xem.
3.
ONG T, TNH T
VD: -
: Tuy, du hay khong
: T anh quyet nh co hoc thuoc hay khong.
- : Du anh co nghe hay khong th toi cung noi.
- 72 -
18. CAC CAU TRUC KHAC

1.
ONG T
VD: -
: V, v cho nen
: V buon ngu nen khong hoc c.
- : Ban ien thoai nen khong chao c.

2.
ONG T, TNH T
VD: -
: Hnh nh, dng nh, sap
: Hnh nh ho sap ci th phai.
- : Nhn mat anh ay thay hnh nh co chuyen g

th phai.
3.
DANH T
VD: -
: Khong phai la
: Khong phai la ca phe ma hay cho toi tra sam.
- : Anh ng en vao ngay th hai ma hay en vao

ngay th ba.
4.
ONG T, TNH T
?:
Co phai vay khong/ung khong?
VD: -
?: Co ay rat ep ung khong?
- ?: Cau khong co em ung khong?

5.
DANH T
VD: -
: Neu noi la, neu coi la
: Neu lam van ong vien the thao th anh ta nho con qua.
- : Neu noi anh ta la ngi nc ngoai th nh vay la

gioi tieng Han Quoc.
6.
DANH T
VD: -
: Vao luc, vao dp
: Chung ta gap nhau vao dp No-en nghe.
- : Toi nay (vao luc) cau en nhe.

7.
ONG T
VD: -
: Nh la, giong nh la
: Co ay i ma nh nhay ay.
- : Noi doi nh cm ba.

8.
TNH T, ONG T
()//():
Nh la, nh muon
VD: -
: Gian nh la muon anh toi.
- : Anh ta nam nh la b om.

9.
- 73 -
DANH T
VD: -
: Khong kem, khong thua, bang vi, nh la
: Em ep cung chang thua g ch.
- : Hoc bai cung quan trong chang kem thi.

10.
():
Phai la, chnh la, ung la
DANH T
VD: -
: Tin tc th ung la phai chnh xac.
- : S thanh that ung la can thiet.

11
DANH T
VD: -
///: vi, ti, vi ai
: Toi noi vi ban la cung i xem phim.
- : Toi hoi thay giao anh ay co phai la hoc sinh khong?
Chng XIV: Cac nguyen tac phat am

1. LUYEN AM
La hnh thc luyen patxim cua am trc len thanh am au cua am sau neu am sau bat au
bang nguyen am.

V DU
1. . []
2. . []
LU Y
khong nhng c luyen am thanh ma con co the

luyen am thanh .
2. BIEN OI PHU AM
1. / / + /
2. / / + /
3. / / + /
CAU TRUC
1. . []
2. . []
3. . []
V du: . [ ]
. ? [....................................................... ].
- 74 -
. . [ ................................................. ].
. . [ ..................................................... ].
. . [ ............................................. ].
. . [ ....................................................... ].
3. KHINH AM HOA (OC NHE)

1. /,,/ +
2. /,,/ +
3. /,,/ +
4. /,,/ +
5. /,,/ +
CAU TRUC
1. []
2. []
3. []
4. []
5. []
4. CACH AM HOA
1. +
2. + / +
3. + / +
4. + / +
CAU TRUC
1. []
2. []
3. []
4. []
5. PHAT AM

1. + +
+ +
2. + +
3. + / + +
4. + +
+ +
- 75 -
CAU TRUC
1. []
2. []
3. []
4. [ ]
6. AM VOM MIENG HOA
1. + []
2. + []
3. ( + ) + []
CAU TRUC
1. []
2. []
3. []
PHU LUC
1. BANG TOM TAT CACH DIEN GIAI TON TRONG, BNH THNG VA KHONG
TON TRONG (HA THAP) ,
The ton trong
The bnh thng
Ha thap
/(,)
(/)
Nhn
Uong
Lam viec
Nong
Song
Nghe
au
Vang
Chon
Tot hn
An
oc
Tot
Lam, che tao
- 76 -
2. THO KET THUC CUOI CAU

/
()
()
()
Hay
Nhe
Se, chac se
Mua
Mac
Ve sinh
ong
Lanh
ep
at
Nghe
Ci
Dung
Ch
Noi

chuyen
Nhieu
Nhn
3. CAC AI DANH T NGHI VAN

Phan
biet
Ngi
a iem
So lng
S vat
Thi gian
T e
hoi
(ai)
( au)
(bao nhieu)
(cai g)
(bao gi)
Phan
biet
Chung loai
Tnh chat
So lng
La chon
Ly do
T e
hoi
(nao)
(g)
(may)
(cai nao)
(tai sao)
4. HNH THC RUT GON CUA CAC AI DANH T

ai danh t + Tr t Hnh thc rut gon
ai danh t
Tr t
Dang rut gon
- 77 -
5. SO LNG T
Hoa
But ch
Bc thiep
T giay
Tat
Giay
Chat
long
Ca phe
Ao
Bong
Cay
T, trang
oi
Chai
Coc
Bo
Cay coi
Sach v
Ngi
Xe
Cay, goc
Quyen,
cuon
, ,
Ngi
Chiec
ong vat Nha ca
Con
6. ONG T THE B ONG

Dung
Nguyen the
The b ong
B e, b at
c xay
B nhn thay
B nhai
Bat oc, phai oc
B hoi
B bat
B ong lai
- 78 -
Ngha
Ngoi
Nghe thay, nghe c
B ban i
B m ra
c om vao
B t
c tin tng
B nhet vao
7. ONG T THE CHU ONG (NGOAI ONG T)

Dung
Dung
Nguyen the
The chu ong
Cho an
Cho xem, cho thay
Giet, lam cho chet
Gan vao
La, doi (ai o)
Nang cao, lam cho cao len
Rut ngan
Bat oc, cho oc
Bat ngoi xuong, cho ngoi
Lam cho chn
M rong ra
Lam chat lai
Lam cho sang len, boc lo ro
Bao cho biet, cho biet
Quay, bat xoay
Cu song, nuoi song
Chi vi, cho chi
Nguyen the
The chu ong
Giao cho
Lam cho ci
Giau, cat
e lai
Bat ci ra, ci ra
Lam cho thc, thc tnh
Ru ngu, lam cho ngu
Lam cho ng len, dng ng
- 79 -
Ngha
Ngha
Lam cho moc len, lam cho noi len
Lam cho va, o cho va
Ha thap xuong, ha xuong
Lam cho muon lai
8. ONG T LAM BO NG CAC THI THE
ong
t
Hien tai - ang
Qua kh - a
Tng lai - se
Qua tao ang an
Qua tao a an
Qua tao se an
Bo phim ang xem
Bo phim a xem
Bo phim se xem
Ca hang ang m ca
Ca hang a m ca
Ca hang se m ca
Bc th ang viet
Bc th a viet
Bc th se viet
Bai nhac ang nghe
Bai nhac a nghe
Bai nhac se nghe
oi giay ang ban
oi giay a ban
oi giay se ban
Them
Ngha
9. TNH T LAM BO NG
- Tnh
t
Them

Bai hat buon
Ngi b au
Tin vui
Co gai ep
Cai tui nang
Nhieu ngi
Bo phim hay
Mon an cay
Con song sau
Ngoi nha rong
- 80 -
Mot thanh pho ep
10. CAC ONG, TNH T BAT QUI TAC

1. Cac ong, tnh t bat qui tac
T
Ngha
(/) (/)
()
Nghe
Hoi
Goi
Chat
Nhan ra

T
Ngha
Nong
ep
(/) ()
()
Nh
Lanh
Nhe
Nang
Cam n
Kho
Vui
De
De
thng
Nam
Lat
Nng
Ghet

T
Ngha
(/) (/)
(/)
au
ep
Dung
To ln
Ban bu
Tat
- 81 -
Ngha
Noi
(/) (/)
(/)
Khoa
Ngam
Tien ti
Chi tra
Rot
Bat, m
oi
Mng
Xau
() ang
4. Cac ong,` tnh t bat qui tac

T
Ngha
/ (/) (/)
()
Biet
Xa
Cau, xin
Song
i bo
Chi
Ngu gat
Lam
Quet
Khoc
Giu
Ban
Lung lay
Dai
Nhon
Ngot

T
Ngha
(/) (/) (/)
Nhanh
Chay
- 82 -
am
Khong biet
Khac
Cat
Goi
Chon
Kho
Chia, cat ra
Nuoi
Leo len
Li nhac
Voi va
No bung

T
Ngha
/ (/)
(/)
()
Khoi
Sng len
Xe
t
Noi
Gach chan

T
Ngha
(/)
?
()
/ Danh
t
The nao
Xanh
Vang
Trang
Nh vay
Nh the nay
Nh the ay
- 83 -

Ngu Phap Tieng Han Co Ban - LHK

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Ngu Phap Tieng Han Co Ban - LHK

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Ng phap c ban

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

CHNG II. Tho ket thuc cau ......................................................................14

C. Cac hnh thc danh t hoa .......................................................................21

E. Cac hnh thc ket noi .............................................................................23

2. ong t, tnh t (/)...........................................................................................23

CHNG III. ai danh t ............................................................................31

Chng IV. Thi the .....................................................................................35

Chng V. Cac bieu hien phu nh ............................................................................38

Chng VI. Cach the hien s ton trong ......................................................................43

Chng VII. ong t va tnh t bat quy tac .................................................................45

Chng VIII: Cac hnh thc b ong ..........................................................................49

Chng IX: The chu ong .......................................................................................50

Chng X: Cach dan dung.......................................................................................52

Chng XI: Cac t noi ............................................................................................54

Chng XII: Hnh thc gia nh ................................................................................57

Chng XIII: Cac hnh thc the hien khac ..................................................................59

Chng XIV: Cac nguyen tac phat am .......................................................................74

PHU LUC ...........................................................................................................76

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

1. Khi ket hp vi cac ai t nh , , , lam chu ng th bien thanh ,

- : Hoc tieng Han.

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

- : Xem phim va uong ca phe.

= (Ban toi cung).

- : Toi cung la hoc sinh.

- : Han Quoc cung co hoa anh ao.

- . : Co sach. Khong co t ien.

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

(t Viet Nam, Viet Nam)

+ = (t nong thon, nong thon).

Trong khau ng, b rut ngan thanh : ,

- : Toi t Viet Nam ti.

: + = ( nha, tai nha).

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

- : Hoc tieng Han tai trung tam ngoai ng.

Vi s hu cua cac ai t nh , , co the rut gon:

- ?: Xe nay la cua ai?

+ = (tien va quyen lc).

: + = (giao vien va hoc sinh).

1. Cung co the ket hp vi cac tr t khac thanh -/ , -/, -/

- : Anh ta noi chuyen vi ca ong vat.

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

- : i cau cung vi ban.

+ = (cho em, vi em).

= (vi thay giao).

- c dung nhieu trong khau ng.

- : Cho cho an cm.

- : Hoc tieng Han t anh trai.

12. DANH T + ... DANH T +

Co ngha: t en, t cho ti.

: (t thanh pho Ho Ch Minh ti Ha Noi).

- 11 3 : Han Quoc lanh t thang 11 ti thang 3.

(ve pha sau).

+ = (ve pha trng hoc).

: + = (ve hng van phong).

Dung khi i cung vi danh t i trc ket thuc

= (bang may bay).

= (bang ien thoai).

Ngu phap tieng Han co ban - LHK.doc

Dung khi i cung vi danh t i

- : Toi t Viet Nam en bang may bay.

= (Tao nho hn so vi da hau).

- : Viet Nam ln hn Han Quoc.