Ccna Tieng Viet

Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router
Trang 1/94
HNG DAN CAU HNH CAC TNH NANG C BAN CHO CISCO ROUTER

MUC LUC

1 Khai niem ve Router .................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Nhiem vu va phan loai......................................................................................... 3
1.1.1 Nhiem vu: ..................................................................................................... 3
1.1.2 Phan loai....................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Cac khai niem c ban ve Router va c che routing............................................. 5
1.2.1 Nguyen tac hoat ong cua Router ARP Protocol: ..................................... 5
1.2.2 Mot so khai niem c ban............................................................................... 7
2 Khai niem ve cau hnh Router. ................................................................................. 13
2.1 Cau truc router. ................................................................................................. 14
2.2 Cac mode config ............................................................................................... 16
3 Cau hnh cac tnh nang chung cua router. ............................................................... 19
3.1 Mot so quy tac ve trnh bay cau lenh................................................................. 19
3.2 Cac phm tat can s dung khi cau hnh router ................................................... 20
3.3 Cac khai niem ve console, telnet. Cach xac nh cac ten va password cho
router. .......................................................................................................................... 22
3.3.1 Console port ............................................................................................... 22
3.3.2 Telnet sesstion ........................................................................................... 23
3.3.3 Xac nh ten cho router va enable password.............................................. 24
3.4 Lam viec vi file cau hnh va IOS image. .......................................................... 26
3.4.1 Mot so khai niem c ban............................................................................. 26
3.4.2 Lam viec vi file cau hnh va IOS. .............................................................. 27
4 Cau hnh router cho ng leased line..................................................................... 32
4.1 Khai niem ve lien ket leased line....................................................................... 32
4.2 Cac bc cau hnh mot router cho lien ket leased line. ..................................... 34
4.2.1 Cau hnh cac ethernet port va serial........................................................... 34
4.2.2 Cau hnh protocol cho lien ket leased line .................................................. 35
4.2.3 Cau hnh static routing hay hay dynamic routing. ....................................... 37
4.2.4 Cau hnh mot so thong so can thiet khac. .................................................. 43
4.3 Th du cu the. .................................................................................................... 46
4.3.1 IP only......................................................................................................... 46
4.3.2 IPX only ...................................................................................................... 48
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4.3.3 IP & IPX...................................................................................................... 50
4.4 Khac phuc s co:............................................................................................... 53
5 Cau hnh router cho cac lien ket dial-up................................................................... 55
5.1 Gii thieu ve Dial-up.......................................................................................... 55
5.1.1 Dial-up la g? .............................................................................................. 55
5.1.2 Cac trng hp s dung Dial-up................................................................. 55
5.2 Cac khai niem can biet trong Dial-up ................................................................ 57
5.2.1 Analog ........................................................................................................ 57
5.2.2 Asynchronous............................................................................................. 57
5.2.3 Line............................................................................................................. 57
5.2.4 Interface...................................................................................................... 59
5.2.5 Quan he gia Line va Interface .................................................................. 61
5.2.6 Khai niem Rotary group.............................................................................. 61
5.3 Modem.............................................................................................................. 63
5.3.1 Modem la g?.............................................................................................. 63
5.3.2 Phan loai modem........................................................................................ 63
5.3.3 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) ............................. 65
5.3.4 Hoat ong cua modem............................................................................... 66
5.3.5 Cach ket noi Router Cisco va modem........................................................ 66
5.3.6 Cau hnh modem........................................................................................ 68
5.4 Cau hnh tong quan cho ng Dial-up............................................................. 70
5.4.1 Cac thong so c ban cua he thong............................................................. 71
5.4.2 Lenh mo ta username va password............................................................ 71
5.4.3 Cau hnh chat script.................................................................................... 71
5.4.4 Cau hnh cho Interface ............................................................................... 73
5.4.5 Cau hnh line .............................................................................................. 82
5.5 Cau hnh remote user-central dial-up................................................................ 85
5.5.1 V du 1: ....................................................................................................... 85
5.5.2 V du 2: ....................................................................................................... 85
5.6 Cau hnh router-router dial-up ........................................................................... 88
5.7 Cau hnh Back-up bang ng dial-up.............................................................. 92
5.7.1 Cac lenh dung e tao mot ng dial-up back-up:..................................... 92
5.7.2 V du: .......................................................................................................... 92
6 Tong ket. .................................................................................................................. 94

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1 Khai niem ve Router
1.1 Nhiem vu va phan loai.
1.1.1 Nhiem vu:
Router la thiet b mang hoat ong tang th 3 cua mo hnh OSI-tang network. Router
c che tao vi hai muc ch chnh:
Phan cach cac mang may tnh thanh cac segment rieng biet e giam hien tng
ung o, giam broadcast hay thc hien chc nang bao mat.
Ket noi cac mang may tnh hay ket noi cac user vi mang may tnh cac khoang
cach xa vi nhau thong qua cac ng truyen thong: ien thoai, ISDN, T1, X.25
Cung vi s phat trien cua switch, chc nang au tien cua router ngay nay a c
switch am nhan mot cach hieu qua. Router ch con phai am nhan viec thc hien cac
ket noi truy cap t xa (remote access) hay cac ket noi WAN cho he thong mang LAN.
Do hoat ong tang th 3 cua mo hnh OSI, router se hieu c cac protocol quyet nh
phng thc truyen d lieu. Cac a ch ma router hieu la cac a ch gia c quy nh
bi cac protocol. V du nh a ch IP oi vi protocol TCP/IP, a ch IPX oi vi protocol
IPX Do o tuy theo cau hnh, router quyet nh phng thc va ch en cua viec
chuyen cac packet t ni nay sang ni khac. Mot cach tong quat router se chuyen
packet theo cac bc sau:
oc packet.
G bo dang format quy nh bi protocol cua ni gi.
Thay the phan g bo o bang dang format cua protocol cua ch en.
Cap nhat thong tin ve viec chuyen d lieu: a ch, trang thai cua ni gi, ni nhan.
Gi packet en ni nhan qua ng truyen toi u nhat.
1.1.2 Phan loai.
Router co nhieu cach phan loai khac nhau Tuy nhien ngi ta thng co hai cach phan
loai chu yeu sau:
Da theo cong dung cua Router: theo cach phan loai nay ngi ta chia router thanh
remote access router, ISDN router, Serial router, router/hub
Da theo cau truc cua router: fixed configuration router, modular router.
Tuy nhien khong co s phan loai ro rang router: moi mot hang san xuat co the co cac ten
goi khac nhau, cach phan loai khac nhau. V du nh cach phan loai cua hang Cisco c
trnh bay theo bang sau:

Fix configuration router Remote
Access
Low-end
router
Multi
protocol
router
Multiport
serial router
Router/hub
Modular router
Cisco 2509
Cisco 2510
Cisco 7xx
Cisco 8xx
Cisco 2501
Cisco2502
Cisco 2520
Cisco 2521
Cisco 2505
Cisco 2506
Cisco 2524
Cisco 2525
Trang 4/94
Cisco 2511
Cisco 2512
AS5xxx
Cisco500-CS
Cisco 100x Cisco2503
Cisco 2504
Cisco 2513
Cisco 2514
Cisco 2515
Cisco 2522
Cisco 2523

Cisco 2507
Cisco2508
Cisco 2516
Cisco 2518
Cisco 160x
Cisco 17xx
Cisco 26xx
Cisco 36xx
Cisco 4xxx
Cisco 7xxx
Bang 1.1 Cac loai Router cua Cisco.
Trang 5/94
1.2 Cac khai niem c ban ve Router va c che routing
1.2.1 Nguyen tac hoat ong cua Router ARP Protocol:
Nh ta a biet tai tang network cua mo hnh OSI, chung ta thng s dung cac loai a
ch mang tnh chat quy c nh IP, IPX Cac a ch nay la cac a ch co hng, ngha
la chung c phan thanh hai phan rieng biet la phan a ch network va phan a ch
host. Cach anh so a ch nh vay nham giup cho viec tm ra cac ng ket noi t he
thong mang nay sang he thong mang khac c de dang hn. Cac a ch nay co the
c thay oi theo tuy y ngi s dung. Tren thc te, cac card mang ch co the ket noi
vi nhau theo a ch MAC, a ch co nh va duy nhat cua phan cng. Do vay ta phai co
mot phng phap e chuyen oi cac dang a ch nay qua lai vi nhau. T o ta co giao
thc phan giai a ch: Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
ARP la mot protocol da tren nguyen tac: Khi mot thiet b mang muon biet a ch MAC
cua mot thiet b mang nao o ma no a biet a ch tang network (IP, IPX) no se gi
mot ARP request bao gom a ch MAC address cua no va a ch IP cua thiet b ma no
can biet MAC address tren toan bo mot mien broadcast. Moi mot thiet b nhan c
request nay se so sanh a ch IP trong request vi a ch tang network cua mnh. Neu
trung a ch th thiet b o phai gi ngc lai cho thiet b gi ARP request mot packet
(trong o co cha a ch MAC cua mnh).
Trong mot he thong mang n gian nh hnh 1.1, v du nh may A muon gui packet en
may B va no ch biet c a ch IP cua may B. Khi o may A se phai gi mot ARP
broadcast cho toan mang e hoi xem a ch MAC cua may co a ch IP nay la g Khi
may B nhan c broadcast nay, co se so sanh a ch IP trong packet nay vi a ch IP
cua no. Nhan thay a ch o la a ch cua mnh, may B se gi lai mot packet cho may B
trong o co cha a ch MAC cua B. Sau o may A mi bat au truyen packet cho B.

Hnh 1.1
Trong mot moi trng phc tap hn: hai he thong mang gan vi nhau thong qua mot
router C. May A thuoc mang A muon gi packet en may B thuoc mangB. Do cac
broadcast khong the truyen qua router nen khi o may A se xem router C nh mot cau
noi e truyen d lieu. Trc o, may A se biet c a ch IP cua router C (port X) va
biet c rang e truyen packet ti B phai i qua C. Tat ca cac thong tin nh vay se
c cha trong mot bang goi la bang routing (routing table). Bang routing table theo c
che nay c lu gi trong moi may. Routing table cha thong tin ve cac gateway e truy
cap vao mot he thong mang nao o. V du trong trng hp tren trong bang se ch ra
rang e i ti LAN B phai qua port X cua router C. Routing table se co cha a ch IP
cua port X. Qua trnh truyen d lieu theo tng bc sau:
May A gi mot ARP request (broadcast) e tm a ch MAC cua port X.
Router C tra li, cung cap cho may A a ch MAC cua port X.
May A truyen packet en port X cua router.
Trang 6/94
Router nhan c packet t may A, chuyen packet ra port Y cua router. Trong
packet co cha a ch IP cua may B.
Router se gi ARP request e tm a ch MAC cua may B.
May B se tra li cho router biet a ch MAC cua mnh.
Sau khi nhan c a ch MAC cua may B, router C gi packet cua A en B.

Hnh 1.2
Tren thc te ngoai dang routing table nay ngi ta con dung phng phap proxy ARP,
trong o co mot thiet b am nhan nhiem vu phan giai a ch cho tat ca cac thiet b khac.
Qua trnh nay c trnh bay trong hnh 1.3.

Hnh 1.3: Phan giai a ch dung proxy ARP.
Theo o cac may tram khong can gi bang routing table na router C se co nhiem vu
thc hien, tra li tat ca cac ARP request cua tat ca cac may trong cac mang ket noi vi
no. Router se co mot bang routing table rieng biet cha tat ca cac thong tin can thiet e
chuyen d lieu. V du ve bang routing table (bang 1.2):

Destination Network Subnet mask Gateway Flags Interface
10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.2.1 U eth0
10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.1 U To0
10.8.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.8.4.1 U S0

Trang 7/94

Bang 1.2: v du ve routing table.
Trong bang 1.2 dong au tien co ngha la tat ca cac packet gi cho mot may bat ky thuoc
mang 10.1.2.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0 se thong qua port ethenet 0 (eth0) co a ch
IP la 10.1.2.1. Flag = U co ngha la port trong trang thai hoat ong (up).
1.2.2 Mot so khai niem c ban.
Path determination:
Nh a c e cap phan tren, router co nhiem vu chuyen d lieu theo mot ng lien
ket toi u. oi vi mot he thong gom nhieu router ket noi vi nhau, trong o cac router co
nhieu hn hai ng lien ket vi nhau, van e xac nh ng truyen d lieu (path
determination) toi u ong vai tro rat quan trong. Router phai co kha nang la chon
ng lien ket toi u nhat trong tat ca cac ng co the, ma d lieu co the truyen en
ch nhanh nhat. Viec xac nh ng da tren cac thuat toan routing, cac routing
protocol, t o rut ra c mot so o goi la metric e so sanh gia cac ng vi nhau.
Sau khi thc hien viec kiem tra trang thai cua cac ng lien ket bang cac thuat toan da
tren routing protocol, router se rut ra c cac metric tng ng cho moi ng, cap nhat
vao routing table. Router se chon ng nao co metric nho nhat e truyen d lieu.
Cac thuat toan, routing protocol, metric se c trnh bay chi tiet trong phan sau.
Switching
Qua trnh chuyen d lieu (switching) la qua trnh c ban cua router, c da tren ARP
protocol. Khi mot may muon gi packet qua router cho mot may thuoc mang khac, no gi
packet o en router theo a ch MAC cua router, kem theo a ch protocol (network
address) cua may nhan. Router se xem xet network address cua may nhan e biet xem
no thuoc mang nao. Neu router khong biet c phai chuyen packet i au, no se loai bo
(drop) packet. Neu router nhan thay co the chuyen packet en ch, no se bo sung MAC
address cua may nhan vao packet va gi packet i.
Viec chuyen d lieu co the phai i qua nhieu router, khi o moi router phai biet c
thong tin ve tat ca cac mang ma no co the truyen d lieu ti. V vay, cac thong tin cua
moi router ve cac mang noi trc tiep vi no se phai c gi en cho tat ca cac router
trong cung mot he thong. Trong qua trnh truyen a ch MAC cua packet luon thay oi
Trang 8/94
nhng a ch network khong thay oi. Hnh 4 trnh bay qua trnh chuyen packet qua
mot he thong bao gom nhieu router.

Hnh 1.4: qua trnh truyen d lieu qua router.
Thuat toan routing:
Muc ch va yeu cau:
o Tnh toi u: La kha nang chon ng truyen tot nhat cua thuat toan. Moi mot
thuat toan co the co cach phan tch ng truyen rieng, khac biet vi cac
thuat toan khac, tuy nhien muc ch chnh van la e xac nh ng truyen
nao la ng truyen tot nhat.
o Tnh n gian: Mot thuat toan oi hoi phai n gian, de thc hien, t chiem
dung bang thong ng truyen.
o On nh, nhanh chong, chnh xac: Thuat toan phai on nh va chnh xac e
bao am hoat ong tot khi xay ra cac trng hp h hong phan cng, qua tai
ng truyen Mat khac thuat toan phai bao am s nhanh chong e tranh
tnh trang lap tren ng truyen nh hnh 5 do khong cap nhat kp trang thai
ng truyen.
o S linh hoat: Tnh nang nay bao am s thay oi kp thi va linh hoat trong
bat c moi trng hp xay ra trong he thong.

Hnh 1.5: Hien tng lap tren ng truyen
Trang 9/94
Phan loai:
Thuat toan routing co the thuoc mot hay nhieu loai sau ay:
o Static hay dynamic.
Static routing la c che trong o ngi quan tr quyet nh, gan san protocol cung nh
a ch ch cho router: en mang nao th phai truyen qua port nao, a ch la g Cac
thong tin nay cha trong routing table va ch c cap nhat hay thay oi bi ngi
quan tr.
Static routing thch hp cho cac he thong n gian, co ket noi n gia hai router,
trong o ng truyen d lieu a c xac nh trc.
Dynamic routing dung cac routing protocol e t ong cap nhat cac thong tin ve cac
router xung quanh. Tuy theo dang thuat toan ma c che cap nhat thong tin cua cac
router se khac nhau.
Dynamic routing thng dung trong cac he thong phc tap hn, trong o cac router
c lien ket vi nhau thanh mot mang li, v du nh cac he thong router cung cap
dch vu internet, he thong cua cac cong ty a quoc gia.
o Single-Path hay Multipath.
Thuat toan multipath cho phep viec a hp d lieu tren nhieu lien ket khac nhau con
thuat toan single path th khong. Multi path cung cap mot lu lung d lieu va o tin
cay cao hn single path.
o Flat hay Hierarchical.
Thuat toan flat routing dung trong cac he thong co cau truc ngang hang vi nhau,
c trai rong vi chc nang va nhiem vu nh nhau. Trong khi o thuat toan
hierachical la thuat toan phan cap, co cau truc cay nh mo hnh phan cap cua mot
domain hay cua mot cong ty. Tuy theo dang he thong ma ta co the la chon thuat
toan thch hp.
o Link State or Distance Vector.
Thuat toan link state (con c goi la thuat toan shortest path first) cap nhat tat ca
cac thong tin ve c che routing cho tat ca cac node tren he thong mang. Moi router
se gi mot phan cua routing table, trong o mo ta trang thai cua cac lien ket rieng
cua mnh len tren mang. Ch co cac thay oi mi c gi i.

Hnh 1.6: Thuat toan Distance Vector.
Trang 10/94
Thuat toan distance vector (con goi la thuat toan Bellman-Ford) bat buoc moi router
phai gi toan bo hay mot phan routing table cua mnh cho router ket noi trc tiep vi
no theo mot chu ky nhat nh (Hnh 1.6)
Ve mat ban chat, thuat toan link state gi cac bang cap nhat co kch thc nho en
khap ni trong mang, trong khi thuat toan distance vector gi cac bang cap nhat co
kch thc ln hn ch cho router ket noi vi no.
Thuat toan distance vector co u iem la de thc hien, de kiem tra, tuy nhien no co
mot so han che la thi gian cap nhat lau, chiem dung bang thong ln tren mang.
Ngoai ra no cung lam lang ph bang thong do tnh chat cap nhat theo chu ky cua
mnh.
Thuat toan distance vector thng dung trong cac routing protocol: RIP(IP/IPX),
IGRP (IP), RTMP(AppleTalk) va thng ap dung cho he thong nho.
Thuat toan link state co u iem la co toc o cao, khong chiem dung bang thong
nhieu nh thuat toan distance vector. Tuy nhien thuat toan nay oi hoi cao hn ve bo
nh, CPU cung nh viec thc hien kha phc tap.
Thuat toan link state c s dung trong routing protocol: OSPF, NLSP va thch hp
cho cac he thong c trung va ln.
Ngoai ra con co s ket hp hai thuat toan nay trong mot so routing protocol nh: IS-IS,
EIGRP.
Cac so o c ban trong thuat toan routing:
Metric la so o cua thuat toan routing e t o quyet nh ng i toi u nhat cho d
lieu. Mot thuat toan routing co the s dung nhieu metric khac nhau. Cac metric c ket
hp vi nhau e thanh mot metric tong quat, ac trng cho lien ket. Moi thuat toan co the
s dung kieu s dung metric khac nhau. Cac metric thng c dung la.
o Path Length:
La metric c ban, thng dung nhat. Path length trong router con c xac
dnh bang so hop gia nguon va ch. Mot hop c hieu la mot lien ket gia
hai router.
o Reliability:
La khai niem ch o tin cay cua mot lien ket. V du nh o tin cay c the
hien thong qua bit error rate Khai niem nay nham ch kha nang hoat ong o
nh cua lien ket.
o Delay:
Khai niem delay dung e ch khoang thi gian can e chuyen packet t
nguon en ch trong he thong. Delay phu thuoc vao nhieu yeu to: khoang
cach vat ly, bang thong cua lien ket, ung o, tranh chap ng truyen.
Chnh v the yeu to nay la mot metric ong vai tro rat quan trong trong thuat
toan routing.
o Bandwidth
La mot metric quan trong e anh gia ng truyen. Bandwidth ch lu lng
d lieu toi a co the truyen tren lien ket.
o Load
Trang 11/94
Load nham ch phan tram network resource ang trong trang thai ban {busy).
Load co the la lu lng d lieu tren lien ket, la o chiem dung bo nh, CPU
Routed protocol va Routing Protocol
Phan biet gia hai khai niem:
Routed protocol quy nh dang format va cach s dung cua cac trng trong packet
nham chuyen cac packet t ni nay sang ni khac (en tan ngi s dung) V du: IP,
IPX
Routing protocol: cho phep cac router ket noi vi nhau va cap nhat cac thong tin cua
nhau nh cac bang routing. Routing protocol co the s dung cac routed protocol e
truyen thong tin gia cac router. V du: RIP (Router Information Protocol), IGRP (Interior
Gateway Routing Protocol)
Routing protocol quyet nh:
o Router nao can biet thong tin ve cac router khac.
o Viec cap nhat thong tin nh the nao.
Cac routing protocol tieu bieu:
Cac routing protocol c trnh bay trong bang 1.3.

Ten Ten ay u Routed Protocol ho tr
RIP Routing Information Protocol TCP/IP, IPX
IGRP Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol
TCP/IP
OSPF Open Shortest Path First TCP/IP
EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol TCP/IP
BGP Border Gateway Protocol TCP/IP
IS-IS Intermediate System to
Intermediate System
TCP/IP
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol
TCP/IP
NLSP NetWare Link Services Protocol IPX/SPX
RTMP Routing Table Maintenance
Protocol
AppleTalk
Bang 1.3: Cac routing protocol tieu bieu

Di ay chung toi xin trnh bay mot so routing protocol tieu bieu.
o RIP:
RIP la ch viet tat cua Routing Information Protocol, la 1 trong nhng routing
protocol au tien c s dung. RIP da tren thuat toan distance vector,
c s dung rat rong rai tuy nhien ch thch hp cho cac he thong nho va t
phc tap. RIP t ong cap nhat thong tin ve cac router bang cach gi cac
Trang 12/94
broadcast len mang moi 30 giay. RIP xac nh ng bang hop count (path
length). So lng hop toi a la 15.
o IGRP:
La loai routing protocol hien nay ang thng dung nhat, c phat trien bi
Cisco, co cac ac iem sau:
Dung c che advanced distance vector. Ch cap nhat thong tin khi co s
thay oi cau truc.
Viec xac nh ng c thc hien linh hoat thong qua nhieu yeu to: so
hop, bang thong, o tr hoan, o tin cay
Co kha nang vt gii han 15 hop.
Co kha nang ho tr cho nhieu ng lien ket vi kha nang can bang tai
cao.
Linh hoat, thch hp cho cac he thong ln, do da tren c che link state
ket hp vi distance vector.
o OSPF.
La loai routing protocol tien tien, da tren c che link-state co kha nang cap
nhat s thay oi mot cach nhanh nhat. S dung IP multicast lam phng
phap truyen nhan thong tin. Thch hp vi cac he thong ln, gom nhieu
router lien ket vi nhau.
Trang 13/94
2 Khai niem ve cau hnh Router.
Cau hnh router la s dung cac phng phap khac nhau e nh cau hnh cho router thc
hien cac chc nang cu the: lien ket leased line, lien ket dial-up, firewall, Voice Over IP
trong tng trng hp cu the.
oi vi Cisco Router thng co 03 phng phap e nh cau hnh cho router:
S dung CLI:
CLI la ch viet tat cua Command Line Interface, la cach cau hnh c ban ap dung cho
hau het cac thiet b cua Cisco. Ngi s dung co the dung cac dong lenh nhap t cac
Terminal (thong qua port Console hay qua cac phien Telnet) e nh cau hnh cho
Router.
S dung Chng trnh ConfigMaker:
ConfigMaker la chng trnh ho tr cau hnh cho cac Router t 36xx tr xuong cua Cisco.
Chng trnh nay cung cap mot giao dien o hoa va cac Wizard than thien, c trnh
bay di dang Question Answer, giup cho viec cau hnh router tr nen rat n gian.
Ngi s dung co the khong can nam vng cac cau lenh cua Cisco ma ch can mot kien
thc c ban ve he thong la co the cau hnh c router. Tuy nhien ngoai han che ve so
san pham router ho tr nh tren, chng trnh nay cung khong cung cap ay u tat ca
cac tnh nang cua router va khong co kha nang tuy bien theo cac yeu cau cu the ac thu.
Hien nay version mi nhat cua ConfigMaker la ConfigMaker 2.4.
S dung chng trnh FastStep:
Khac vi chng trnh ConfigMaker, FastStep c cung cap da tren tng loai san
pham cu the cua Cisco. V du nh vi Cisco router 2509 th co FastStep for Cisco Router
2509 Chng trnh nay cung cap cac bc e cau hnh cac tnh nang c ban cho tng
loai san pham. Cac bc cau hnh cung c trnh bay di dang giao dien o hoa,
Question Answer nen rat de s dung. Tuy vay cung nh chng trnh ConfigMaker,
FastStep ch mi ho tr cho mot so san pham cap thap cua Cisco va ch giup cau hnh
cho mot so chc nang c ban cua router.
Tom lai, viec s dung CLI e cau hnh Cisco Router tuy phc tap nhng van la cach cau
hnh router thng gap nhat. Hieu biet viec cau hnh bang CLI se giup ngi s dung linh
hoat trong viec cau hnh va de dang khac phuc s co. Hien nay viec s dung CLI co the
ket hp vi mot trong 02 cach cau hnh con lai e ay nhanh toc o cau hnh router. Khi
o, cac chng trnh cau hnh se s dung e tao cac file cau hnh tho, phng phap CLI
se c s dung sau cung e tuy bien hay thc hien cac tac vu ma chng trnh khong
thc hien c.
Trong tai lieu nay cac hng dan cau hnh eu la phng phap CLI phng phap dung
dong lenh.
Trang 14/94
2.1 Cau truc router.
Cau truc router la mot trong cac van e c ban can biet trc khi cau hnh router. Cau
truc cua router c trnh bay trong hnh 2.1.
Cac thanh phan chnh cua router bao gom:
NVRAM:
NVRAM (Nonvolatile random-access memory) la loai RAM co the lu lai thong tin ngay
ca khi khong con nguon nuoi. Trong Cisco Router NVRAM thng co nhiem vu sau:
Cha file cau hnh startup cho hau het cac loai router ngoai tr router co Flash
file system dang Class A. (7xxx)
Cha Software configuration register, s dung e xac nh IOS image dung trong
qua trnh boot cua router.
Flash memory:
Flash memory cha Cisco IOS software image. oi vi mot so loai, Flash memory co the
cha cac file cau hnh hay boot image..
Tuy theo loai ma Flash memory co the la EPROMs, single in-line memory (SIMM)
module hay Flash memory card:
Internal Flash memory:
o Internal Flash memory thng cha system image.
o Mot so loai router co t 2 Flash memory tr len di dang single in-line
memory modules (SIMM). Neu nh SIMM co 2 bank th c goi la dual-bank
Flash memory. Cac bank nay co the c phan thanh nhieu phan logic nho
Bootflash
o Bootflash thng cha boot image.
o Bootflash oi khi cha ROM Monitor.
Flash memory PC card hay PCMCIA card.
Flash memory card dung e gan vao Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association (PCMCIA) slot. Card nay dung e cha system image,
boot image va file cau hnh.
Cac loai router sau co PCMCIA slot:
o Cisco 1600 series router: 01 PCMCIA slot.
o Cisco 3600 series router: 02 PCMCIA slots.
o Cisco 7200 series Network Processing Engine (NPE): 02 PCMCIA slots
o Cisco 7000 RSP700 card va 7500 series Route Switch Processor (RSP)
card cha 02 PCMCIA slots.
DRAM:
Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) bao gom 02 loai:
Primary, main, hay processor memory, danh cho CPU dung e thc hien Cisco
IOS software va lu gi running configuration va cac bang routing table.
Shared, packet, or I/O memory, which buffers data transmitted or received by the
router's network interfaces.
Trang 15/94
Tuy vao IOS va phan cng ma co the phai nang cap Flash RAM va DRAM.
ROM
Read only memory (ROM) thng c s dung e cha cac thong tin sau:
ROM monitor, cung cap giao dien cho ngi s dung khi router khong tm thay
cac file image khong phu hp.
Boot image, giup router boot khi khong tm thay IOS image hp le tren flash
memoty.
Hnh 2.1
INTER
FACE
OPERATING
SYSTEM
BACKUP
CONFIGURATI
ON FILE
INTERNETWORK OS
TABLE
AND
BUFFER
PROG-
RAMS
DYNAMIC
CONFIG-
URATION
INFORM-
ATION
Router#show interface
Router#show version
Router#show flash
Router#show startup config Router#show mem
Router#show ip route
Router#show processes CPU
Router#show protocols
Router#show running-config
Trang 16/94
2.2 Cac mode config
Cisco router co nhieu che o (mode) khi config, moi che o co ac iem rieng, cung cap
mot so cac tnh nang xac dnh e cau hnh router. Cac mode cua Cisco router c trnh
bay trong hnh 2.2.
User Mode hay User EXEC Mode:
ay la mode au tien khi ban bat au mot phien lam viec vi router (qua Console hay
Telnet). mode nay ban ch co the thc hien c mot so lenh thong thng cua router.
Cac lenh nay ch co tac dung mot lan nh lenh show hay lenh clear mot so cac counter
cua router hay interface. Cac lenh nay se khong c ghi vao file cau hnh cua router va
do o khong gay anh hng en cac lan khi ong sau cua router.
Privileged EXEC Mode:
e vao Privileged EXEC Mode, t User EXEC mode go lenh enable va password (neu
can). Privileged EXEC Mode cung cap cac lenh quan trong e theo doi hoat ong cua
router, truy cap vao cac file cau hnh, IOS, at cac password Privileged EXEC Mode la
cha khoa e vao Configuration Mode, cho phep cau hnh tat ca cac chc nang hoat ong
cua router.
Configuration Mode:
Nh tren a noi, configuration mode cho phep cau hnh tat ca cac chc nang cua Cisco
router bao gom cac interface, cac routing protocol, cac line console, vty (telnet), tty
(async connection). Cac lenh trong configuration mode se anh hng trc tiep en cau
hnh hien hanh cua router cha trong RAM (running-configuration). Neu cau hnh nay
c ghi lai vao NVRAM, cac lenh nay se co tac dung trong nhng lan khi ong sau
cua router.
Configurarion mode co nhieu mode nho, ngoai cung la global configuration mode, sau o
la cac interface configration mode, line configuration mode, routing configuration mode.
ROM Mode
ROM mode dung cho cac tac vu chuyen biet, can thiep trc tiep vao phan cng cua
router nh Recovery password, maintenance. Thong thng ngoai cac dong lenh do
ngi s dung bat buoc router vao ROM mode, router se t ong chuyen vao ROM mode
neu khong tm thay file IOS hay file IOS b hong trong qua trnh khi ong.
Trang 17/94

Hnh 2.2: Mot so mode config cua Cisco Router.
Trang 18/94

Bang 2.1 trnh bay cac mode c ban cua Cisco router va mot so ac iem cua chung:

Mode Cach thc truy cap Dau nhac Cach thc thoat
User EXEC Log in. Router> logout command.
Privileged
EXEC
T user EXEC mode, s
dung lenh enable.
Router# e tr ve user EXEC mode,
dung lenh disable..
e vao global configuration
mode, dung lenh configure
terminal.
Global
configuration
T privileged EXEC
mode, dung lenh
configure terminal
Router(config)# e ra privileged EXEC
mode, dung lenh exit hay
end hay go Ctrl-Z.
e vao interface
configuration mode, go lenh
interface.
Interface
configuration
T global configuration
mode, go lenh interface.
Router(config-
if)#
e ra global configuration
mode, dung lenh exit
e ra privileged EXEC
mode, dung lenh exit hay
go Ctrl-Z.
e vao subinterface
configuration mode, xac
nh subinterface bang lenh
interface
Subinterface
configuration
T interface
configuration mode, xac
nh subinterface bang
lenh interface.
Router(config-
subif)#
To exit to global
configuration mode, use the
exit command.
To enter privileged EXEC
mode, use the end
command or press Ctrl-Z.
ROM monitor T privileged EXEC
mode, dung lenh reload
nhan phm Break trong
60s khi router khi ong
Dung lenh boot system
rom.
> e ra user EXEC mode, go
lenh continue
Bang 2.1

Trang 19/94
3 Cau hnh cac tnh nang chung cua router.
3.1 Mot so quy tac ve trnh bay cau lenh.
Cac quy tac trnh bay tai bang sau c s dung trong tai lieu nay cung nh trong tat ca
cac tai lieu khac cua Cisco

Cach trnh bay Y ngha
^ hay Ctrl Phm Ctrl.
Screen
Hiem th cac thong tin se c trnh bay tren man hnh.
Boldface Hien th cac thong tin (dong lenh) ma ban phai nhap vao t ban
phm.
< > Bieu hien cac ky t khong hien thi tren man hnh, v du nh
password.
! Bieu hien cac cau chu thch.
( ) Bieu hien dau nhac hien tai
[ ]
Bieu hien cac tham so tuy chon (khong bat buoc) cho cau lenh.
Italics Bieu hien cac tham so cua dong lenh. Cac tham so nay la bat buoc
phai co va ban phai chon gia tr phu hp cho tham so o e a
vao cau lenh.
{ x | y | z } Bieu hien ban phai chon mot trong cac gia tr x, y, z trong cau lenh.
Bang 3.1
Trang 20/94
3.2 Cac phm tat can s dung khi cau hnh router
Cisco router c cau hnh bang chuoi cac lenh, e thuan tien va nhanh chong hn trong
viec nhap lenh mot so cac phm tat thng c s dung c trnh bay bang 3.2:

Phm Cong dung
Delete Xoa ky t ben phai con tro
Backspace Xoa ky t ben trai con tro
Left Arrow hay
Ctrl-B
Di chuyen con tro ve ben trai mot ky t
Right Arrow hay
Ctrl-F
Di chuyen con tro ve ben phai mot ky t
Esc-B Di chuyen con tro ve ben trai mot t
Esc-F Di chuyen con tro ve ben phai mot t
TAB Hien th toan bo lenh (ch co tac dung khi phan a go cua lenh
tng ng u e giup Cisco IOS xac nh lenh o la duy nhat)
Ctrl-A Di chuyen con tro len au hang lenh.
Ctrl-E Di chuyen con tro ve cuoi hang lenh.
Ctrl-R Hien th lai dong lenh.
Ctrl-U Xoa dong lenh.
Ctrl-W Xoa mot t
Ctrl-Z Ket thuc Configuration Mode, tr ve EXEC mode.
Up Arrow hay
Ctrl-P
Hien th dong lenh trc.
Down Arrow hay
Ctr-N
Hien th dong lenh tiep theo.
Bang 3.2
Ngoai ra khi cau hnh router, dau ? thng c s dung tat ca cac mode e liet ke
danh sach cac cau lenh co the s dung c tai mode o.
V du:

Router> ?
Exec commands:
<1-99> Session number to resume
connect Open a terminal connection
disconnect Disconnect an existing telnet session
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit Exit from the EXEC
help Description of the interactive help system
lat Open a lat connection
lock Lock the terminal
login Log in as a particular user
logout Exit from the EXEC
Trang 21/94
menuStart a menu-based user interface
mbranchTrace multicast route for branch of tree
mrbranchTrace reverse multicast route to branch of tree
mtrace Trace multicast route to group
name-connection Name an existing telnet connection
pad Open a X.29 PAD connection
ping Send echo messages
resume Resume an active telnet connection
show Show running system information
systat Display information about terminal lines
telnet Open a telnet connection
terminal Set terminal line parameters
tn3270 Open a tn3270 connection
trace Trace route to destination
where List active telnet connections
x3 Set X.3 parameters on PAD
xremote Enter XRemote mode

Trang 22/94
3.3 Cac khai niem ve console, telnet. Cach xac nh cac ten va password cho
router.
3.3.1 Console port
Console port co tren tat ca cac loai router dung e cho cac terminal co the truy cap vao
router e nh cau hnh cung nh thc hien cac thao tac khac tren router. Console port
thng co dang lo cam cho RJ-45 connector. e ket noi vao console port ta can cac thiet
b sau:
01 terminal, co the la terminal chuyen dung cua UNIX hay may PC Windows chay
chng trnh HyperTerminal.
01 Roll-over cable: si cap nay i kem vi moi router (hnh 3.1), la cap UTP co 4 cap
day va c bam RJ-45 ao th t 2 au.

Hnh 3.1
01 au DB-25 hay DB-9 dung e ket noi vao Terminal. Cac au noi nay co port noi
RJ-45 pha sau. Cac au noi nay thng c goi la RJ-45 to DB-9 hay RJ-45 to
DB-25 adapter.
Ket noi vao console port c thc hien nh hnh 3.2
Khi ket noi a c thc hien, chay chng trnh (v du nh HyperTerminal) cua
Windows e truy cap vao router. Mot so iem lu y khi s dung chng trnh la:
Chon ung COM port ket noi (direct to COM1 hay COM2).
Cac thong so cua console port la: 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 2 stop bits.
Console port khong ho tr cho flow control va modem control.
Neu khong c at password cho console port, khi khi ong chng trnh
HyperTerminal, xac lap ung cac thong so nh tren va go vai lan Enter, ban se vao
ngay user EXEC mode vi dau nhac router>. Password vi console port la khong bat
buoc, tuy nhien e bao am an toan cho he thong, ta co the dung cac buc sau ay e
xac nh password cho console port cua router.

Trang 23/94

Hnh 3.2 Ket noi console port vao terminal.

Cau lenh Dau nhac ban
au
Dau nhac sau
khi go
Giai thch
enable Router> Router# Vao che o Privileged mode, go
password neu can
config
terminal
Router# Router#(config) Vao global configuration mode
line con0 Router#(config) Router#(config-
line)
Vao line configuration mode.
login Router#(config-
line)
Router#(config-
line)
Cho phep login vao router va hien th
cau hoi password khi truy cap.
password
password
Router#(config-
line)
Router#(config-
line)
at password cho console port.
^ Z Router#(config-
line)
Router# Tr ve Privileged mode.
Bang 3.3
3.3.2 Telnet sesstion
Trong he thong mang s dung TCP/IP, Telnet la mot dch vu rat hu ch giup cho ngi
s dung co the truy cap va cau hnh thiet b t bat c ni nao trong he thong hay thong
qua cac dch vu remote access. e s dung c Telnet cho viec truy cap va cau hnh
cisco router can phai co cac ieu kien sau:
He thong mang s dung giao thc TCP/IP
Gan a ch IP cho t nhat 01 trong cac ethernet port cua router va ket noi cong o
vao he thong mang.
01 PC ket noi vao mang thong qua TCP/IP.
Trang 24/94
Sau khi thoa man cac ieu kien tren, tai PC ta co the go lenh telnet ip address cua
ethernet port tren router e co the truy cap vao router.
Do mc o de dang va thuan tien cua telnet trong viec truy cap vao router, viec at
password cho telnet la rat can thiet va quan trong. Bang sau se trnh bay cac bc e
xac lap password cho cac ng telnet.

au
Dau nhac sau
khi go
Giai thch
enable Router> Router# Vao che o Privileged mode, go
password neu can
config
terminal
Router# Router#(config) Vao global configuration mode
line vty 0 4 Router#(config) Router#(config-
line)
Vao line configuration mode.
login Router#(config-
line)
Router#(config-
line)
Cho phep login vao router va hien th
cau hoi password khi truy cap.
password
password
Router#(config-
line)
Router#(config-
line)
at password cho console port.
^ Z Router#(config-
line)
Router# Tr ve Privileged mode.
Bang 3.4
ng telnet trong Cicso router c ky hieu la vty. Cisco router ho tr 05 phien telnet
ong thi (ky hieu t 0 en 4). Ta co the xac nh password cho tng ng telnet. Tuy
nhien ca 05 ng thng c cau hnh chung 01 password duy nhat e tang kha nang
bao mat va de quan ly.
3.3.3 Xac nh ten cho router va enable password.
Khi cha xac nh ten cho router, dau nhac mac nh cua router se la router>. Viec xac
nh ten cho router nham muc ch quan ly va lam thay oi dau nhac nay. Ngoai ra viec
xac nh enable password cho phep ngan chan them mot lan na (ngoai password vao
console hay telnet) viec truy cap va thay oi cau hnh router. Bang sau trnh bay cac
buc e at (hay thay oi) ten va enable password cho router.

au
Dau nhac sau
khi go lenh
Giai thch
enable Router> Router# Vao che o Privileged mode,
go password neu can
config terminal Router# Router#(config) Vao global configuration mode
hostname name Router#(config) (name)#(config-
line)
Xac nh ten cho router, dau
nhac se thay oi ung theo ten
a nhap.
enable assword
password
(name)#(config
-line)
(name)#(config-
line)
Xac nh enable password
Trang 25/94
enable secret
password
(name)#(config
-line)
(name)#(config-
line)
Xac nh enable password
ong thi ma hoa password
trong file cau hnh. Phai i
chung vi lenh service
password-encryption.
^ Z (name)#(config
-line)
(name)# Tr ve Privileged mode.
Bang 3.5
Trang 26/94
3.4 Lam viec vi file cau hnh va IOS image.
3.4.1 Mot so khai niem c ban.
File cau hnh (configuration file):
La mot file dang text co cau truc, trong o cha tat ca cac lenh quan trong cua router,
quyet nh hoat ong cua router. Sau khi cau hnh ban au, file cau hnh nay c ghi
vao NVRAM cua router va se c s dung trong suot thi gian hoat ong cua router.
(trong mot so loai router, file nay co the cha bootflash RAM, slot 0 hay slot 1cua
PCMCIA card). Khi router khi ong file cau hnh nay c nap t NVRAM vao RAM va
thi hanh mot cach t ong. Viec mat hay h hong file cau hnh nay se khien router ri
vao ROM mode hay setup mode. File cau hnh nam trong NVRAM c goi la startup-
config con nam trong RAM c goi la running-config. Ngoai tr trong qua trnh cau hnh
router, hai file nay thng giong nhau.
V du ve mot file cau hnh cua router:

Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
! Version of IOS on router, automatic command
!
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Critter
prompt Emma
! Prompt overrides the use of the hostname as the prompt
!
enable password lu
! This sets the priviledge exec mode password
!
no ip domain-lookup
! Ignores all names resolutions unless locally defined on the router.
!
ipx routing 0000.3089.b170
! Enables IPX rip routing
!
interface Serial0
ip address 137.11.12.2 255.255.255.0
ipx network 12
!
interface Serial1
description this is the link to Albuquerque
ip address 137.11.23.2 255.255.255.0
ipx network 23
!
interface TokenRing0
ip address 137.11.2.2 255.255.255.0
ipx network CAFE
ring-speed 16
!
router rip
network 137.11.0.0
!
no ip classless
Trang 27/94
!
banner motd ^C This Heres the Rootin-est Tootin-est Router in these here Parts! ^C
! Any text between the Ctl-C keystroke is considered part of the banner, including
!the return key.!
line con 0
password cisco
login
! login tells the router to supply a prompt; password defines what the user must type!
!
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end

IOS image:
IOS la ch viet tat cua Internetworking Operating System. IOS thc s la trai tim cua
Cisco router. No quyet nh tat ca cac chc nang cua thiet b va bao gom tat ca cac dong
lenh dung e cau hnh thiet b o. IOS image la thuat ng dung e ch file cha IOS, nh
o ma ta co the backup hay upgrade IOS mot cach de dang va thuan tien. Trong Cisco
router IOS thng c cha trong Flash RAM.
TFTP server.
TFTP la ch viet tat cua Trial File Transfer Protocol, mot protocol chuan cua giao thc
TCP/IP. TFTP la mot connectionless, reliable protocol. TFTP Server co the la mot
workstation UNIX hay mot PC thng chay chng trnh gia lap TFTP server tren mot he
thong mang TCP/IP. TFTP Server thng c dung lam ni backup cac file cau hnh,
IOS image hay ngc lai la ni cha cac file cau hnh mi, cac IOS image mi e update
cho router.
3.4.2 Lam viec vi file cau hnh va IOS.
Vi file cau hnh:
Cac qua trnh lam viec vi file cau hnh c mo ta trong hnh 3.3

Hnh 3.3
Nh hnh 3.3 cho thay, ta co the chuyen oi qua lai file cau hnh t RAM, NVRAM va
TFTP Server. Cac chuyen oi en NVRAM va TFTP thng co ngha la thay the
(replace) trong khi cac chuyen oi ti RAM co ngha la bo sung (add).
e chuyen oi file cau hnh trong Cisco router dung lenh sau privileged mode:
copy {tftp | running-config | startup-config} {tftp | running-config | startup-config}
Trang 28/94
V du:
e copy file cau hnh t RAM vao NVRAM ta dung lenh sau:
copy running-config startup-config

e xem mot file cau hnh ta dung lenh sau:
show {running-config | startup-config}
e xoa mot file cau hnh ta dung lenh sau:
erase nvram
Ngoai ra ta con co the s dung cac cau lenh khac co tac dung tng t. Cac lenh nay la
cac lenh cu thng c s dung trong cac IOS version 11.0 tr ve trc.

Cau lenh Cau lenh tng ng (lenh cu)
show running-config write terminal
show startup-config show config
copy running-config startup config write mem
copy running-config tftp write network
erase nvram write erase hay erase startup-config.
Bang 3.6
Lam viec vi IOS image.
Nh tren a noi IOS image ong vai tro rat quan trong oi vi router. Lam viec vi IOS
image ngha la thc hien viec lu gi cac IOS image, cap nhat cac IOS image t Cisco,
quan ly cac IOS image trong router va co kha nang xac nh cac IOS image dung e khi
ong router.
Lu gi IOS image.
IOS image thng c lu gi TFTP server bang cau lenh sau:
copy flash tftp
Cap nhat IOS image t Cisco.
Thiet ke dung IOS image cua Cisco giup cho thiet b co kha nang nang cap nhanh chong
va linh hoat. Cac IOS image cua Cisco thng xuyen c cap nhat e khac phuc cac loi
cua version trc va bo sung cac tnh nang mi cho router. Viec cap nhat nay co the
c mo ta bang hnh 3.4.
Lenh e cap nhat IOS image la:
copy tftp flash
Sau khi go lenh nay router se hien ra ten cac IOS image hien co trong flash RAM, hoi
ban a ch IP cua TFTP va ch ban xac nhan trc khi copy. V du sau se trnh bay chi
tiet ve ieu nay.
Trang 29/94

Hnh 3.4: Quy trnh cap nhat IOS image.
V du:

R1#copy tftp flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 7530760 c2500-ainr-l_112-31.bin
[7530824 bytes used, 857784 available, 8388608 total]
Address or name of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 134.141.3.33
Source file name? c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin
Destination file name [c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin]?
Accessing file c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin on 134.141.3.33...
Loading c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin from 134.141.3.33 (via TokenRing0): ! [OK]
Erase flash device before writing? [confirm]
Flash contains files. Are you sure you want to erase? [confirm]
Copy c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin from server
as c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin into Flash WITH erase? [yes/no]y
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Loading c2500-ainr-l_112-11.bin from 134.141.3.33 (via TokenRing0):
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 7530760/8388608 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0xA93E)
Trang 30/94
Flash copy took 0:04:26 [hh:mm:ss]
R1#

Xem noi dung cua flash RAM
Dung lenh show flash e xem thong tin ve IOS image cha trong flash RAM
V du:

fred#show flash
System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 4181132 c2500-i-l.112-7a
[4181196 bytes used, 4207412 available, 8388608 total]
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Chon IOS image e khi ong router.
Trong moi router co 01 thanh ghi goi la configuration register. ay la mot thanh ghi 16-bit
(Hnh 3.5) trong o 4 bit cuoi cung c goi la boot field quyet nh qua trnh khi ong
cua router. Gia tr cua boot field cho biet router se khi ong t ROM hay t RAM. Can
thiep vao qua trnh khi ong cua router thong qua configuration register thng dung
trong qua trnh password recovery.

Hnh 3.5: configuration register.
Mot cach khac n gian va thng c s dung la dung lenh boot system cua IOS.
Lenh nay thng c at va trong startup-config cua router.
Bang sau se tong ket lai ca hai phng phap tren

Gia tr cua boot field Cau lenh boot system Ket qua
0x0 Khong anh hng ROM monitor mode.
0x1 Khong anh hng ROM mode.
0x2 en 0xF Boot system rom ROM mode
0x2 en 0xF Boot system flash IOS au tien trong flash se
c dung e khi ong.
0x2 en 0xF Boot system flash filename IOS image trong flash c
ch nh se c dung e
khi ong.
0x2 en 0xF Boot system tftp ip address
filename
IOS image co ten la
filename trong TFTP server
co a ch ip address se
c dung e khi ong.
0x2 en 0xF Nhieu lenh boot system Router se s dung cac lenh
t tren xuong di cho en
khi co mot lenh c thc
Trang 31/94
hien hoan tat. Neu tat ca
cac lenh eu khong thi
hanh c, router se khi
ong ve ROM mode.
Bang 3.7

Trang 32/94
4 Cau hnh router cho ng leased line.
4.1 Khai niem ve lien ket leased line.
ng lien ket leased line la ng lien ket ky thuat so do Bu ien cung cap, , thng
la mot ng cap ong 1 pair, ket noi iem-iem vi hai au can ket noi. Mo hnh c
ban cua mot ket noi leased line nh hnh 4.1:

Router
S D
Cisco4000
DAT A
OK

3

POWER
OK
1
DA TA
OK
DATA
OK
2
SE RIE S
CIS CO YS TEMS S
Router
S D
Cisco4000
DAT A
OK

3

POWER
OK
1
DATA
OK
DATA
OK
2
SE RIE S
CIS CO YS TEMS S
NTU NTU
Post
Office
V.35, RS232
32Kbps - 2.048Mbps

Hnh 4.1
Lien ket tren ng leased line la lien ket tn hieu so, co toc o len ti 2.048Mbps (vi
cap ong). Thiet b au cuoi la NTU (Network Terminal Unit) con goi la DSU/CSU
(Channel Service Unit/ Data Service Unit) tac dung nh mot DCE (Data Circuit
Equipment). Cac NTU co the co nhieu loai vi nhieu toc o khac nhau. Router trong
trng hp nay ong vai tro nh mot DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). Cac NTU thng
cung cap giao tiep V.35 hay RS232 e ket noi vi Router. Tuy theo NTU ma phai chon
loai cap ket noi cho cong Serial cua router cho thch hp (xem hnh 4.2)

Hnh 4.2: Cac loai cap ket noi gia router va NTU (CSU/DSU)
Tuy theo nhu cau s dung ma khach hang co the chon toc o cho ng leased line,
thng la t 64Kbps tr len, t o chon NTU va router thch hp.
V du cho thiet b NTU thng dung hien nay la: ACD-3 cua hang Timeplex, ASM-31,
ASM-40 cua RAD.
Trang 33/94
Hau het cac loai Cisco Router eu co the ho tr cho lien ket leased line thong qua cac
serial port cua mnh. Ngoai tr Cisco router 7xx ch ho tr cho ISDN. Tat ca cac loai
router t series 8xx tr len eu co the ho tr t 01 en hang chuc cong serial.
Cac cap serial cua router dung cho cac ket noi leased line thng la V.35 DTE va RS232
DTE oi vi cac serial port 60 chan va V35 SS DTE, RS232 SS DTE oi vi cong Smart
Serial (WIC-2T, WIC-2A/S)..

Trang 34/94
4.2 Cac bc cau hnh mot router cho lien ket leased line.
e cau hnh mot router phuc vu cho lien ket leased line can thc hien theo cac bc sau:
Cau hnh cac ethernet port va serial.
Cau hnh WAN protocol cho lien ket leased line.
Cau hnh static routing hay hay dynamic routing.
Cau hnh mot so thong so can thiet khac.
Sau ay chung ta se trnh bay chi tiet tng van e cu the:
4.2.1 Cau hnh cac ethernet port va serial.
Trc tien ta can phai nh a ch va xac lap mot so thong so cho cac ethernet port va
serial.
Ethernet port
Bang sau trnh bay mot so lenh can thiet e cau hnh ethernet port cua router. Gia s ten
router la R1

Cau lenh Giai thch V du
R1#(config)interface eslot/port Vao interface
mode cua ethernet
port
R1#(config)interface e0/0
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)ip address ip-
address subnet mask
Gan ip address va
subnet mask cho
ethernet port tng
ng
R1#(config-if)ip address
192.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)duplex {full | half} Gan che o half
hay full duplex cho
ethernet port
R1#(config-if)duplex full
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)speed {10 |100 |
auto}
Gan toc o cho
ethernet port la
10Mbps, 100Mbps
hay auto.
R1#(config-if)speed 100
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)description string at mo ta cho
ethernet port
R1#(config-if)description
Connected to LAN
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)no shutdown Bat ethernet port
(neu can).
R1#(config-if)no shutdown.
Ethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol
is up.
R1#(config-if)
R1#show interface e slot/port Xem trang thai
ethernet port.

Bang 4.1
Serial port
Trang 35/94
Khac vi ethernet port, serial port co nhieu thong so can cau hnh hn nh trong bang
sau:

Cau lenh Giai thch V du
R1#(config)interface serial
slot/port
Vao interface mode
cua serial port
R1#(config)interface serial1/0
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)ip address ip-
address subnet mask
Gan ip address va
subnet mask cho
serial port tng ng
R1#(config-if)ip address
192.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)ip
unnumbered ethernet
slot/port
Khong gan ip trc tiep
cho serial port ma
mun tam ip cua
ethernet port.
R1#(config-if)ip unnumbered
ethernet0/0
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)bandwidth
bandwidth
Gan bandwidth (toc
o) cho serial port.
Bandwidth ay c
tnh bang kbps.
R1#(config-if)bandwidth 64
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)clock rate
clock-rate
Gan toc o xung clock
cho serial port. Lenh
nay ch thch hp cho
trng hp trong
phong LAB khi hai
router noi back-to-
back vi nhau, 01
router la DCE (cap
clock rate) router con
lai la DTE. Clock-rate
nhan gia tr bps.
R1#(config-if)clock rate 64000
R1#(config-if)
string
at mo ta cho serial
port
Connected to leased line
R1#(config-if)
R1#(config-if)no shutdown Bat serial port (neu
can).
R1#(config-if)no shutdown.
Serial 1/0 is up, line protocol is
up.
R1#(config-if)
R1#show interface s
slot/port
Xem trang thai serial
port.

Bang 4.2

4.2.2 Cau hnh protocol cho lien ket leased line
Trang 36/94
Cau hnh protocol cho lien ket leased line la chon protocol c s dung e truyen d
lieu (IP, IPX), chon WAN protocol cho viec ong goi (encapsulation) d lieu tren ng
truyen (PPP, HDLC, LAPB)
Cac protocol IP hay IPX a rat quen thuoc vi chung ta, v the ay chung toi ch trnh
bay cac khai niem ve cac WAN protocol PPP, HDLC, LAPB.
Khong giong nh IP hay IPX, PPP, HDLC va LAPB la nhng WAN protocol. Chung cung
cap cac chc nang c ban e truyen d lieu tren mot lien ket. Cac lien ket nay la cac lien
ket point-to-point, serial va la lien ket synchronous (ngoai tr PPP con co the ho tr cho
lien ket asynchronous).
Lien ket synchronous la nhng lien ket ma trong o co s lien lac thng xuyen gia cac
thiet b hai au lien ket e ong bo (synchronous) toc o cua chung. Nh vay lien ket
synchronous thng co o on nh cao ong thi toi u c bang thong cua lien ket.
Hai WAN protocol thng dung trong lien ket leased line oi vi Cisco router la HDLC va
PPP (LAPB c s dung chu yeu cho cac lien ket X25). Trong o HDLC la protocol do
Cisco phat trien (khong phai la HDLC chuan cua ITU), ch thch hp oi vi router cua
Cisco, con PPP la protocol chuan, co the s dung linh ong cho nhieu loai san pham
khac nhau.
PPP va HDLC con co s khac nhau chu yeu ve cac ac iem c ban cua mot WAN
protocol, o la s khac nhau ac iem co cau truc hay khong cua protocol.
PPP la mot protocol co cau truc, co ngha la ac iem ban au cua protocol a co mot
trng e xac nh loai cua packet c ong goi bi protocol o. Trng o goi la
trng protocol type co the xac nh c packet la IP hay IPX. HDLC khong c goi
la mot WAN protocol co cau truc bi v Cisco phai bo sung them cac thong tin khac e
tao nen trng protocol type.
PPP dung cac LCP (PPP Link Control Protocol) va IPCP (IP Control Protocol) e ieu
khien va ong bo ng truyen. LCP cung cap cac tnh nang c ban cho viec ong bo
ma khong phu thuoc vao cac layer 3 protocol truyen tren lien ket o. Trong khi IPCP th
da vao cac layer 3 protocol e thc hien cac chc nang cu the nh: gan a ch IP, ho
tr ARP.
Cac chc nang cua PPP LCP co the ke ra nh Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) e cung
cap kha nang error detection; Magic Number e do tm hien tng lap tren ng
truyen; PAP va CHAP e thc hien qua trnh Authentication; Multilink PPP e ho tr cho
cac multilink.
PPP con ho tr nhieu thuat toan nen hn HDLC, PPP co the ho tr cac thuat toan nen
nh Predictor, STAC, hay MPPC (Microsoft Point-to-point compression) trong khi HDLC
ch ho tr cho thuat toan STAC.
e xac nh WAN protocol tren ng truyen va cac thong so lien quan chung ta s
dung cac lenh sau:

Lenh Mo ta
Router(config-if)#encapsulation {hdlc | ppp } Chon loai encapsulation la ppp hay
hdlc
Router(config-if)#compress [predictor | stac |
mppc}
Chon loai thuat toan nen tren ng
truyen (tuy chon)
Trang 37/94
Router# show interface Xac nh lai trang thai va cau hnh
cua interface
Router# show compress Xac nh trang thai nen.
Router# show process Xac nh trang thai CPU.
Cac lenh show compress hay show process thng s dung e xem trang thai nen va
trang thai CPU sau khi a ap dung lenh compress.
4.2.3 Cau hnh static routing hay hay dynamic routing.
Nh phan trnh bay au tien ve khai niem router phan au cua tai lieu nay, ta co the
chon mot trong hai c che routing khi cau hnh Cisco router: static hay dynamic:
Static routing la c che trong o ngi quan tr quyet nh, gan san protocol cung nh a
ch ch cho router: en network nao th phai truyen qua port nao, a ch la g Cac
thong tin nay cha trong routing table va ch c cap nhat hay thay oi bi ngi quan tr.
Static routing thch hp cho cac he thong n gian, co ket noi n gia hai router, trong o
ng truyen d lieu a c xac nh trc.
Dynamic routing dung cac routing protocol e t ong cap nhat cac thong tin ve cac router
xung quanh. Tuy theo dang thuat toan ma c che cap nhat thong tin cua cac router se
khac nhau.
Dynamic routing thng dung trong cac he thong phc tap hn, trong o cac router c
lien ket vi nhau thanh mot mang li, v du nh cac he thong router cung cap dch vu
internet, he thong cua cac cong ty a quoc gia.
Trong phan nay, chung toi se trnh bay chi tiet cach cau hnh static va dynamic routing.
Cau hnh static routing:
Static routing hay static route c thiet lap bang tay thong qua lenh ip route nh sau:
Router(config)#ip route network [mask] {address|interface} [distance] [permanent]
Trong o
networkDestination network hay subnet
maskSubnet mask
addressIP address cua next-hop router
interfaceTen interface (cua router ang cau hnh) e i ti destination network
distanceGia tr cung cap bi ngi quan tr, nham ch o u tien (cost) cua
ng nh tuyen (tuy chon)
permanent Ch nh rang ng nh tuyen nay khong b d bo ngay ca khi
interface b shutdown.
V du (hnh 4.3)
Trang 38/94

Hnh 4.3: V du ve static route
Lenh ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 at tai Router CiscoA xac nh: e
en c network 172.16.1.0 co subnet mask la 255.255.255.0 se phai qua a ch
172.16.2.1. a ch 172.16.20.1 chnh la a ch cua next-hop router (router CiscoB).
Dong lenh nay co the thay bang dong lenh khac tng ng nh sau:
Ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 serial 0.
Vi serial 0 la ten interface phai i qua cua router CicsoA e en c network
172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0.
Gia tr distance mac nh cua static route la 1. Noi chung cac gia tr distance cua static
route nho hn rat nhieu so vi cac gia tr cua dynamic route. V du nh RIP co distance la
120, IGRP: 100, OSPF: 110. ieu o co ngha la ket noi thong qua static route co o hoi
tu va toc o nhanh hn so vi dynamic route. Nguyen nhan cua viec nay la do static
route khong can phai mat thi gian cap nhat bang routing table va la chon ng nh
tuyen trong routing table trc khi a ra quyet nh chuyen d lieu. o cung la ly do tai
sao ma static route thng c chon khi he thong co ket noi n gian.
Neu co nhieu static route co the at en ch, distance c s dung e xac nh cac o
u tien khac nhau cho tng ng. Router se chon ng nao co distance nho nhat co
the e truyen d lieu.
Cau lenh show ip route thng c s dung e xac nh cac route a c cau hnh va
cach cau hnh cac route o bang static hay dynamic routing, noi cach khac lenh nay hien
th thong tin ve bang routing table.
V du:
CiscoA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

Trang 39/94
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks
C 172.16.3.0 /24 is directly connected, ethernet0
C 172.16.2.0 /24 is directly connected, Serial0
S 172.16.1.0 /24 via 172.16.2.1.

Cau hnh dynamic routing:
e cau hnh dynamic routing trc tien phai bat che o cho phep routing va la chon
routing protocol: RIP, IGRP, EIGRP hay OSPF. Trong noi dung tai lieu nay chung toi
khong trnh bay en routing protocol OSPF v tnh phc tap cua no.
e cho phep che o routing dung lenh sau global configuration mode:
Router(config)#Ip routing
hay
Router(config)#Ipx routing
e la chon routing protocol ta s dung lenh router . Cac cau hnh cac routing protocol
se c trnh bay tuan t trong phan sau:
Cau hnh RIP:
RIP la mot distance vector routing protool c nh ngha au tien bi RFC
1058. Routing information trong RIP c router chuyen sang cac route ben
canh thong qua IP broadcast s dung UDP protocol va port 520.
RIP co hai verion: RIP version 1 la classful routing protocol, no khong ho tr cho
viec quan ba thong tin ve network mask. RIP version 2 la classless protocol ho
tr cho CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing), VLSM (Variable-length subnet
mask), route summarization va security thong qua qua trnh authentication bang
plain text hay ham bam MD5.
Cau hnh RIP routing protocol gom 3 bc c ban: 1) cho phep router s dung
RIP protocol; 2) quyet nh RIP version va 3) xac nh network va cac interface
chu anh hng cua RIP va thuoc qua trnh cap nhat routing information..
1. e cho phep router s dung RIP protocol, dung lenh router rip
2. e quyet nh version nao c s dung, dung cau lenh version number vi
number la 1 hay 2. Neu khong xac nh version, IOS software se mac nh la
gi RIP version 1 va nhan s cap nhat ca version 1 lan version 2.
3. e xac nh network va cac interface chu anh hng cua RIP, lenh network
network c s dung. Network ch cac network c ket noi trc tiep vi cac
interface cua router ang c cau hnh. V du nh neu router co hai
interface vi a ch tng ng la 131.108.4.5 and 131.108.6.9, interface th
3 co a ch 172.16.3.6. Khi o neu s dung lenh network 131.108.0.0 se bao
gom c 2 interface au va network 131.108.0.0 vao trong qua trnh routing
update cua RIP. Tuy nhien e bao gom ca interface th 3 ta phai s dung
them lenh: network 172.16.0.0.
V du:
RIProuter#configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
RIProuter(config)#router rip
RIProuter(config-router)#version 2
Trang 40/94
RIProuter(config-router)#network 131.108.0.0
RIProuter(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
RIProuter(config-router)#^Z
Ngoai ra hnh 4.4 cung trnh bay mot v du ve cau hnh RIP cho trng hp trong
hnh.

Hnh 4.4: v du ve cau hnh RIP.

Cau hnh IGRP:
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) la routing protocol c phat trien t
gia thap nien 1980 cua Cisco da tren thuat toan enhanced distance vector.
IGRP ra i nham giai quyet mot so han che cua RIP khi he thong tr nen phc
tap hn
IGRP s dung internetwork delay, bandwidth, reliability, va load e xac nh ra
metric nh o ma a ra c cac thong tin chnh xac hn ve tnh trang cua cac
ket noi trc khi a ra quyet nh. Ngoai ra IGRP co the ho tr en toi a 255
hop (so vi 15 chua RIP), va co o hoi tu nhanh nh c che flash update. C
che flash update gi cac thay oi cua network ngay khi no xuat hien ma khong
phai ch thi gian nh ky nh RIP.
IGRP con co cac chc nang quan trong nh split horizon, holdown timer hay
poison reverse e ngan nga hien tng lap tren ng truyen. (hnh 4.5)
Trang 41/94

Hnh 4.5
Cung nh RIP, IGRP s dung IP broadcast e lu chuyen thong tin ve routing
gia cac router. Tuy nhien IGRP khong da tren UDP hay TCP ma da tren cac
transport protocol cua chnh no e lien ket cac thong tin ve routing. giong nh
UDP, IGRP khong co c che phan hoi.
Do khong co nhieu version nh RIP, cau hnh IGRP ch co 2 bc:
1. Cho phep router s dung IGRP: dung lenh router igrp process-id, process-id
la mot so nguyen co the nhan gia tr bat ky t 1 en 65535 co nhiem vu phan
biet cac tien trnh khac nhau cua IGRP tren cung mot router.
2. Xac nh network va cac interface chu anh hng cua IGRP: tng t nh
RIP, IGRP dung lenh network network vi phng phap tng t.

Hnh 4.6: V du ve IGRP.
V du:

IGRProuter#configure
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Trang 42/94
IGRProuter(config)#router igrp 109
IGRProuter(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
IGRProuter(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0
IGRProuter(config-router)#^Z
Xac nhan va kiem tra cau hnh routing protocol.
Cac lenh sau dung e kiem tra cau hnh routing protocol tren router:
o Show ip route (a trnh bay phan tren)
o Show ip protocoi: trnh bay tat ca cac gia tr ve thi gian cap nhat routing
table, thong tin ve network co lien quan tren router

Hnh 4.7: lenh show ip protocol.
o Debug ip rip: hien th cac thong tin cap nhat bi RIP, rat hu ch e xac nh
nguyen nhan cua cac s co lien quan. (hnh 4.8)

Hnh 4.8: Lenh debug ip rip.
Trang 43/94
o debug ip igrp transaction [ip-address]
o debug ip igrp events [ip-address]
Hai lenh tren hien th cac thong tin cap nhat ve IGRP, tng t nh lenh debug ip
rip a trnh bay tren.
Cau hnh default route.
Trong mot so trng hp ta phai s dung cau hnh default route. Khi he thong co
nhieu ket noi qua lai gia cac router, moi router phai la chon mot network goi
la network mac nh (default network). Cac destination network cua packet en
neu khong tm thay trong routing table se t ong c chuyen oi qua default
network.
Cau lenh: Router(config)#ip default-network network-number

Hnh 4.9: V du ve default network.

4.2.4 Cau hnh mot so thong so can thiet khac.
Cac lenh can thiet co the c s dung e cau hnh router c trnh bay trong bang
sau. e cac ban tham khao chung toi cung trnh bay mot so cac lenh can cau hnh cho
he thong mang s dung IPX:

Lenh Mo ta
description descriptive-string Mo ta chu thch cho interface
ip classless Cho phep router chuyen cac packet c
hng ti mot subnet khong co trong cac
network ket noi trc tiep (cung class) ti
tuyen ng tot nhat. Lay v du network
10.0.0.0 vi subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
Gia s rang subnet 10.1.1.0 la subnet cua
interface ethernet0 (ip address
Trang 44/94
10.1.1.1/24). Gia s tiep rang neu router
nhan c mot packet hng ti network
10.2.2.0 va router khong nhan ra c
network o; neu khong co lenh ip classless
packet se b loai bo, neu co ip classless
packet se c chuyen en tuyen ng
tot nhat (thng la default route)
ip subnet-zero

Cho phep router nhan cac day zero subnet
la hp le.
ipx network network [encapsulation
encapsulation-type [secondary]]
Lenh nay cho phep binds IPX network
number va frame type cho interface. Neu
khong xac nh frame type th 802.3 se la
default, cac type co the gan la
novell-ether Novell Ethernet 802.3
arpa Novell Ethernet II
sap IEEE 802.2
snap IEEE 802.2 SNAP
secondary dung trong trng hp co nhieu
hn 1 network IPX. Trong v du Atlanta co
02 network IPX 100 s dung frame 902.2
va IPX network 101 s dung frame 802.3.
ipx route network network.node

Lenh nay xac nh che o static IPX route.
Trng au tien xac nh IPX network
nuber cua ch. Trng th hai xac nh
IPX address cua netx hop. Thong thng
vi che o dynamic, routing information se
c t ong cap nhat thong qua ip
protocol (IPX RIP/SAP), tuy nhien trong
trng hp nay do routing protocol a b
disable ta phai xac nh cu the bang tay
thong qua internal va external network
number.
ipx router rip Khi ong IPX RIP/SAP routing engine.
ipx routing [node-address] Khi ong IPX RIP/SAP routing engine,
node-address xac nh a ch IPX cua
cong serial cua router
Neu khong co node-address router se t
dongtm kiem cho qua trnh routing.
ipx sap service-type name network.node
IPX-socket hop-count
Dung trong static route nham xac nh loai
dch vu, (4=file service, name la ten Server
cua mang ch, network.node la IPX
address cua Server, IPX-socket la IPX-
socket number, hop-count la so hop en
serverce. 2000 ay la internal IPX
network number cua file server,
Trang 45/94
0000.0000.0001 la internal node number
cua file server.
ipx sap-interval interval interval xac nh chu trnh router gi IPX
SAP en cac interface. Default la 1 phut,
interval=0 ngha la disable.
no auto-summary Tat che o auto-summarization cua router.
no ip domain-lookup Tat che o tm kiem trong domain (phan
giai ten)
no ip routing Tat che o IP routing.
no network network Loai bo mot IPX network number trong
qua trnhIPX RIP routing broadcast.

Trang 46/94
4.3 Th du cu the.
Cac th du cu the sau se minh hoa cho phan ly thuyet c trnh bay phan tren. Vi
muc ch cung cap nhieu v du minh hoa va giup cac ban co the tham khao chung toi
trnh bay them mot so v du ve cach cau hnh cac lien ket leased line cho cac he thong
mang co s dung protocol IPX. Cac cau lenh ve IPX co the tham khao t phan tren.
4.3.1 IP only

Static

Atlanta Router Configuration

version 11.2 <*>
service udp-small-servers <*>
service tcp-small-servers <*>
!
hostname Atlanta
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0
description Leased Line to Boston
ip unnumbered Ethernet0
** encapsulation hdlc la gia tr mac nh, neu s
dung cac router khac Cicso bo sung lenh
encapsulation ppp **
!
ip http server
ip classless
ip route 20.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Serial0
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
!
end <*>
Boston Router Configuration

version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Boston
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0
description Leased Line to Atlanta
!
ip http server
ip classless
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Serial0
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
!
end <*>

Dynamic
Trang 47/94


version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Atlanta
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0
!
router rip
version 2
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
ip http server
ip classless
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
!
end <*>

version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Boston
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
!
interface Serial0
!
router rip
version 2
network 20.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
ip http server
ip classless
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
!
end <*>

Trang 48/94
4.3.2 IPX only
Static


version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Atlanta
!
enable secret cisco
!
ipx routing 0000.0caa.1111
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address <*>
ipx network 100 encapsulation SAP
ipx network 101 encapsulation NOVELL-
ETHER secondary
!
interface Serial0
no ip address <*>
ipx network AAAA
ipx sap-interval 0
!
ipx route 200 AAAA.0000.0cbb.2222
!
ipx router rip
no network AAAA
!
ipx sap 4 BostonFS 2000.0000.0000.0001 451
2
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4 <*>
login <*>
!

version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Boston
!
enable secret cisco
!
ipx routing 0000.0cbb.2222
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address <*>
ipx network 200
!
interface Serial0
no ip address <*>
ipx network AAAA
ipx sap-interval 0
!
ipx route 100 AAAA.0000.0caa.1111
!
ipx router rip
no network AAAA
!
ipx sap 4 AtlantaFS 1000.0000.0000.0001 451
2
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4 <*>
login <*>
!
end <*>
Trang 49/94
end <*>

Dynamic


version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Atlanta
!
enable secret cisco
!
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address <*>
ETHER secondary
!
interface Serial0
no ip address <*>
ipx network AAAA
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
login <*>
end <*>

version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Boston
!
enable secret cisco
!
!
interface Ethernet0
no ip address <*>
ipx network 200
!
interface Serial0
no ip address <*>
ipx network AAAA
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
login <*>
!
end <*>

Trang 50/94
4.3.3 IP & IPX

Static

version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Atlanta
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
ETHER secondary
!
interface Serial0
ipx network AAAA
ipx sap-interval 0
!
ip http server
ip classless
ip route 20.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Serial0
!
!
ipx router rip
no network AAAA
!
ipx sap 4 BostonFS 2000.0000.0000.0001 451
2
!
line con 0
version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Boston
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
ipx network 200
!
interface Serial0
ipx network AAAA
ipx sap-interval 0
!
ip http server
ip classless
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Serial0
!
!
ipx router rip
no network AAAA
!
ipx sap 4 AtlantaFS 1000.0000.0000.0001 451
2
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
Trang 51/94
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
end <*>
login <*>
!
end <*>

Dynamic

version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Atlanta
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
ETHER secondary
!
interface Serial0
ipx network AAAA
!
router rip
version 2
network 10.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
ip http server
ip classless
!
line con 0
password console
version 11.2 <*>
!
hostname Boston
!
enable secret cisco
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
ipx network 200
!
interface Serial0
ipx network AAAA
!
router rip
version 2
network 20.0.0.0
no auto-summary
!
ip http server
ip classless
!
line con 0
password console
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
Trang 52/94
login
line aux 0 <*>
line vty 0 4
password telnet
login <*>
!
end <*>
!
end <*>

Trang 53/94
4.4 Khac phuc s co:
Mot so thong bao s co thng gap va cach giai quyet s co c trnh bay trong bang
sau:
(trang thai lien ket c tm thay bang lenh show interface interface trong o interface la
ten cua interface ket noi vi ng leased line).

Trang thai cua lien
ket
Nguyen nhan Cach khac phuc
Serial x is down,
line protocol is
down.
Router khong nhan c tn
hien carrier detect (CD) do
mot trong cac nguyen nhan
sau:
ng ket noi cua nha
cung cap b down hay
khong ket noi vao
DSU/CSU
Cap ket noi vao router b
hong hay sai.
Phan cng cua
DSU/CSU b hong
Phan cng cua router b
hong
Kiem tra en LED cua
DSU/CSU e xac nh tn hieu
CD.
Lien lac vi nha cung cap
ng truyen
Xem lai tai lieu hng dan
xem cach ket noi cap va loai
cap a s dung ung hai
cha.
Ket noi vao cac interface khac.

Serial x is up, line
protocol is down.
Cac s co co the xay ra la:
Cau hnh sai gia hai
router hai au
Remote router khong
gi keepalive packet.
Truc trac ng leased
line.
serial clock transmit
external khong c set
tren DSU/CSU.
Local hay remote
DSU/CSU b hong phan
cng
Router b hong phan
cng
Thc hien viec kiem tra
DSU/CSU loopback. Trong
qua trnh loopback go lenh
show interface serial x, neu
line protocol chuyen sang
trang thai up, th loi thuoc nha
cung cap dch vu hay do
remote router b down
Xem lai tai lieu hng dan
xem cach ket noi cap va loai
cap a s dung ung hai
cha..
Ket noi vao cac interface
khac.
Kiem tra lai cau hnh.
Serial x is up, line
protocol is up
(looped).
Gay nen do trang thai lap
cua ng truyen.
Dung lenh show running
config e xem xet co interface
nao b cau hnh di dang loop
hay khong. Neu co, bo trang
thai nay i.
Trang 54/94
Kiem tra xem DSU/CSU co
trang thai loop hay khong, neu
co, bo trang thai may i..
Reset DSU/CSU.
Neu tat ca cac bc tren
khong giai quyet c s co,
lien lac vi nha cung cap
ng truyen.
Serial x is
administratively
down, line protocol
is up.
Cac nguyen nhan:
interface a b disable
bang lenh shutdown
Cac interface dung
chung a ch IP hay
IPX.

Dung lenh show running
config e xem xet co
interface nao b shudown hay
khong, neu co dung lenh no
shutdown e enable
interface.
Dung lenh show interface e
hien th cac IP address cua tat
ca cac interface. Dung lenh ip
address e gan cac a ch
lai cho cac interface neu co
hien tng trung a ch.

Trang 55/94
5 Cau hnh router cho cac lien ket dial-up.
5.1 Gii thieu ve Dial-up
5.1.1 Dial-up la g?
Thuat ng dial-up la khai niem quen thuoc oi vi nhieu ngi. Nhat la khi internet tr
nen pho bien, dial-up c rat nhieu ngi s dung e ket noi vao he thong thong tin
toan cau nay. Khai niem ve dial up nhn theo goc o chuyen mon n gian la mot
phng phap noi ket trong o ngi s dung phai quay so (dial) ti so cua ch ma ngi
o muon ket noi. Hai moi trng ho tr cho dial-up la PSTN va ISDN (Mang ien thoai
cong cong va mang tch hp dch vu so).
Dial-up co the giup ket noi mot ngi dung xa vao he thong LAN, ket noi LAN-to-LAN
hay dung lam ng backup cho cac ng lien ket leased line, X25 hay Frame Relay.
Dial-up la phng phap ket noi co chi ph thap va tien dung, co the thc hien moi luc, moi
ni. Nhc iem cua dial-up la toc o va o tin cay khong cao nh cac cong nghe khac.
Phng phap Dial-up hien nay thng da vao giao thc truyen thong PPP (point-to-
point protocol).
5.1.2 Cac trng hp s dung Dial-up
Router-router Dial-up
Trng hp nay dung khi hai he thong mang LAN ket noi vi nhau. Trong thc te trng
hp nay thng c s dung cho viec noi ket lien lac gia cac chi nhanh cua cung mot
cong ty khi cac chi nhanh nay c at cac khu vc khac nhau, trong khi khong co
ieu kien lap at cac lien ket rieng hay nhu cau chuyen tai d lieu tren ket noi khong cao,
khong thng xuyen.
e 2 LAN ket noi c vi nhau bang phng phap Dial-up dung router th moi LAN phai
co mot router noi vi mot modem. Hai modem cua 2 LAN nay thong qua mot moi trng
truyen thong (mang ien thoai hay ISDN) e ket noi vi nhau.
Hnh sau mo ta 2 router 1 va 2 lien lac vi nhau qua 2 modem

Hnh 5.1: router-to-router dial-up.
Remote user-Central Dial-up
Mot v du dung trng hp nay tren thc te la cac nhan vien truy cap vao mang cua cong
ty khi nhan vien khong the trc tiep cong ty v cac ly do nh i cong tac hoac lam viec
tai nha.
Trang 56/94
V du khac la viec truy cap internet bang dial-up, khi o cac user s dung mdem e dial-
up vao he thong mang cua ISP trc khi co the truy cap vao internet thong qua ISP o.
e mot ngi dung co the truy cap c mot he thong mang LAN bang dial-up th may
tnh cua ngi dung can phai ket noi vi modem, va router cua mang LAN ma ngi
dung truy cap vao cung c gan t nhat 1 modem. (xem hnh ve)

Hnh 5.2: remote user-to-router dial-up.
Back-up bang ng Dial-up
Hai he thong mang LAN ket noi vi nhau thong qua cac lien ket synchronous (leased
line, Frame Relay, X25) co the dung giai phap Back-up bang dial-up lam giai phap d
phong trong trng hp lien ket chnh gap s co.
Hnh di ay mo phong mot mo hnh vi ng dial-up lam back-up

Hnh 5.3: backup dung dial-up

Trong cac phan trnh bay sau, chung toi se trnh bay cach cau hnh Cisco router cho cac
trng hp cu the.

Trang 57/94
5.2 Cac khai niem can biet trong Dial-up
5.2.1 Analog
La mot dang tn hieu ien lien tuc, co gia tr bien thien trong khoang 0 1 hay 1 1
(trong o 1 tng trng cho cac gia tr ien the khac nhau oi vi tng loai tn hieu) . Tn
hien nay khac vi tn hieu so (ch co 2 gia tr la 0 va 1).
Hnh sau la dang cua tn hieu so :
Hnh 5.4: tn hieu digital
Va hnh sau la dang cua mot tn hieu analog :
Hnh 5.5: tn hieu analog
5.2.2 Asynchronous
Truyen bat ong bo (asynchronous) khong s dung xung ong ho e ong bo qua trnh
truyen nhan. Noi cach khac truyen bat ong bo khong co kha nang thay oi toc o cua
ng ket noi e phu hp vi trang thai cua ket noi o. Trong ket noi bat ong bo khong
he co cac bit c truyen khi lien ket ang trong trang thai idle. Vi cach truyen bat ong
bo cac goi tin c ong goi them vao o cac bit ieu khien (goi la start bit va stop bit)
e nhan biet iem bat au va ket thuc cua goi tin.
Mot goi tin trong truyen bat ong bo se co dang sau :

Stop bit B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 start bit
Hnh 5.6

5.2.3 Line
Line trong khai niem cua Cisco ch mot lien ket ket noi vao router thong qua mot
interface nao o cua Cisco router. Cisco chia ra 4 loai line: console, auxiliary,
asynchronous, va virtual terminal lines c trnh bay nh bang sau:

Trang 58/94
Loai Line Interface Mo ta Luat anh so th t
CON
(CTY)
Console S dung mot cach mac nh
cho viec log in vao router e
cau hnh.
Line 0.
AUX Auxiliary Cong RS-232 DTE c s
dung nh mot cong bat ong
bo d phong (TTY). Cong
auxiliary khong c xem nh
console port th 2.
So line TTY cuoi tr cho 1.
TTY

Asynchronous La cong bat ong bo. c s
dung mot cach mac nh cho
cac phien ket noi bang cach
quay so cua cac node xa khi
cac phien ket noi nay dung
giao thc nh la SLIP, PPP,
ARA, va XRemote.
Khoang gia tr dung e anh so ln.
So line TTY tng ng vi so lng
cua cac modem (trong trng hp
modem c tch hp san) hoac la so
lng cac cong bat ong bo c ho
tr bi router.
VTY Virtual
asynchronous
c s dung cho mot phien
noi ket vao bang Telnet, LAT,
X.25 PAD, va cac giao thc ket
noi vao cong ong bo tren
router (nh la ethernet port va
serial).
So line TTY cuoi tr cho 2.
Bang 5.1: cac dang line cua Cisco.
Router khac nhau co so lng cac line khac nhau. Hnh sau ch ra luat anh so th t
line cua Cisco
n: la so th t cua line
m: la so th t cua vty line.

Hnh 5.7: quy tac anh so cac ng line.
oi vi cac router co cac slot (modular router) va tren slot co nhieu cong ta co:
n = (32 slot number) + unit number + 1
V du:
oi vi router khong co slot (fixed configuration router) nh router 2509 (02 serial, 08
async, 01 console va 01 aux port):
Trang 59/94
Line 0 danh cho Console, line 1 en 8 la nhng line TTY, line 9 la Auxiliary port, va line
10 en 14 la nhng line VTY t 0 en 4.
oi vi router 3640 04 slot va mot module gom 16 cong Async gan vao slot th 3 (so slot
va cong anh t 0 tr i) cac cong async tng ng vi cac line t 97 en 112 v
Cong au tien (port 0): n = 32x3 + 0 + 1 = 97
Cong cuoi cung (port 15): n =32x3 + 15 + 1 = 112.
So th t line se lien quan en viec cau hnh line c trnh bay trong cac phan sau:
5.2.4 Interface
Cac interface dung cho dial-up co 3 dang chu yeu sau
Asynchronous Interface: dang c ban ban au cua interface dung cho dial-up. Cau
hnh async interface la xac nh cac ac iem ve cac protocol cho cac ket noi t xa
(co the la remote PC hay remote router).

Hnh 5.8: Async Interface.

Group Asynchronous Interface: Dang nay bao gom mot nhom cac async interface vat
ly thanh vien, c s dung e n gian hoa viec cau hnh router: cau hnh cua
group thc hien tung t nh cau hnh mot async interface rieng le va cau hnh o se
c t ong phan bo cho cac interface thanh vien.

Trang 60/94

Hnh 5.9: Group async Interface.

Virtual Template Interface: La dang interface ao thng dung trong cac dialer
interface, cau hnh multi-link, VPN. Thanh vien cua virtual interface co the la async
interface hay group async interface.

Hnh 5.10: Virtual Dialer Interface

Trong phan trnh bay nay chung toi ch e cap en dialer interface (hnh 5.11), thng
c cau hnh khi co yeu cau s dung dial-on-demand ti nhieu ch va can nhan cuoc
goi t nhieu nguon khac nhau. Khi o mot interface ao se c tao ra, ai dien cho tat ca
cac interface vat ly la thanh vien cua no. Khi co yeu cau quay so hay nhan cuoc goi, no
se t ong s dung cac interface thanh vien nao toi u nhat e am nhan cong viec.
Trang 61/94

Hnh 5.11: Dialer Interface.
Dialer interface i oi vi khai niem rotary-group se c trnh bay phan sau.
5.2.5 Quan he gia Line va Interface
Asynchronous Interfaces va TTY Lines
Physical terminal (TTY) lines cung cap viec truy cap bang cach noi vao cac async
interface. Nhng dong lenh c thc hien tren async interface cho phep cau hnh cac
thong so cho async interfaces nh protocol, authentication, encapsulation; con nhng
dong lenh thc hien trong che o cau hnh line cho phep cau hnh nhng thong so cho
line nh speed, so lng startbit, stopbit, loai modem s dung Noi cach khac cau hnh
line thiet lap ng truyen vat ly con cau hnh async interface thiet lap cach s dung
ng truyen vat ly o cho cac ket noi async.
Interfaces and VTY Lines
Virtual terminal (VTY) lines cho phep viec truy cap vao router thong qua cac phien noi
ket Telnet. VTY lines khong noi trc tiep vao cac interfaces nh cach TTY noi vao
asynchronous interface ma la cac ket noi ao vao router thong qua a ch cua ethernet
port (interface ethernet). Router tao nhng VTY lines mot cach linh ong, trong khi o
TTY lines la ch noi ket vao nhng cong vat ly. Khi ngi dung ket noi vao router bang
VTY line, ngi dung o ang ket noi vao mot cong ao tren interface.
Mot phien ket noi bang Telnet co the c thc hien tren mot lien ket bat ky vi router
thong qua cong Ethernet, synchronous hoac asychronuos interface.
Asynchronous InterfacesLine Numbering
So th t cua mot interface c tnh toan nh sau:
Interface number = (32 slot number) + unit number + 1
V du : Asynchronous interface12 slot 1 se c xem la interface so : (32 1) + 12 + 1
= 45. So nay cung la so th t cua line tren cong.
5.2.6 Khai niem Rotary group
Theo ly thuyet, khi ngi dung ket noi en hay khi he thong muon truyen d lieu en
ngi dung th ket noi o can co 02 modem: 01 pha ket noi va 01 pha c truy cap.
Trong moi trng co nhieu ngi dung ket noi va neu moi ngi dung muon giao tiep
phai gan vao mot modem, chiem mot interface va mot line th dan en he thong phai co
rat nhieu line va nhieu interface. Do ban chat cua mo hnh dial-up la dial-on-demand, cac
lien ket bang modem la khong thng xuyen va khong keo dai v vay viec s dung moi
Trang 62/94
modem cho mot user la khong can thiet. e tan dung c toi a cong suat cua cac
ng truyen, giam bi chi ph, ngi ta co the s dung chung mot so line (interface) cho
tat ca cac ket noi. (V du nh 3 line (03 async interface, 03 modem) co the c s dung
chung cho 10 ket noi). Khi co nhu cau quay so ra (dial-out) router se t ong chon cac
ng ket noi con ranh e thc hien ket noi. ay chnh la muc ch cua rotary-group.
Vai interface vat ly tch hp thanh mot dialer interface(xem phan tren e biet dialer
interface) c goi la rotary group. Mot rotery group hanh ong nh mot interface thong
thng trong ket noi dial-up. Khi co yeu cau gi d lieu, rotary group se phan bo ket noi
line o vao cac interface thanh vien nao ranh.
Trong hnh 5.11 cac interface S0:0, S0:1, S0:2, S0:3 c nhom lai thanh 1 rotary group,
khi co yeu cau rotary group tiep nhan cac yeu cau gi d lieu nh mot dialer interface va
phan bo vao cac interface con ranh.

Trang 63/94
5.3 Modem
Trong phan trnh bay nay chung toi gii thieu cac khai niem c ban ve modem, thanh
phan quan trong khong the thieu trong ket noi dial-up.
5.3.1 Modem la g?
Cac d lieu trong may tnh la cac tn hieu so (digital) trong khi cac tn hieu tren ng
truyen dial-up la tn hieu dang analog. Do o, phai s dung mot thiet b e chuyen oi
qua lai cac dang tn hieu. Thiet b o chnh la modem.
Modem la t viet tat cua modulator-demodulator la thiet b ma hoa va giai ma cac xung
ien, co nhiem vu chuyen oi tn hieu analog sang digital va ngc lai.

Hnh 5.12: mo hnh va cac loai ket noi cua modem
Nh trong hnh 5.12 tn hieu so t may tnh se qua modem, chuyen thanh tn hieu analog
va i en cac bo phan chuyen mach cua Bu ien, tn hieu gia cac tong ai la cac tn
hieu digital nhan c t cac bien ieu PCM cua cac tn hieu analog. au ben nhan,
tn hieu c chuyen oi theo chieu ngc lai PCM analog digital e i vao may
tnh nhan.
RS-232 la chuan giao tiep gia modem va thiet b cuoi (PC). Phan tai lieu nay khong e
cap chi tiet en cac ac tnh cua chuan nay ma se trnh bay s lc ve vai tro cua mot so
chan cam va tn hieu ieu khien lien quan en modem phan sau.
Trong he thong mang dial-up, modem ong vai tro la DCE (Data Communication
Equipment), DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) la cac may tnh cua ngi dung xa hay
cac router
Hnh 5.13 cho thay mo hnh giao tiep DTE-DCE trong ket noi dial-up .
5.3.2 Phan loai modem
Co nhieu cach phan loai modem trong o cach phan loai ve cach bien ieu d lieu va toc
o modem la thng dung nhat. Cac chuan bien ieu se quyet nh toc o truyen cua
modem.

Trang 64/94

Hnh 5.13: ket noi DTE-DCE trong lien ket dial-up.
Co hai he thong tieu chuan ve cach bien ieu cua modem. He thong tieu chuan au tien
la cua ITU-T, to chc tieu chuan quoc te. Con he thong tieu chuan th hai c phat
trien bi cac nha san xuat modem. Hien nay cac tieu chuan nay dan dan tr thanh ong
nhat vi nhau va chuan mi nhat la chuan V90 vi toc o truyen toi a (khong nen) len
ti 56Kbps.

Chuan ITU Cac chuan khac
V.22: 1200 Bps V.32 terbo: 19.2 Kbps
V.22 bis: 2400 Bps V.fast: 28.8 Kbps
V.32: 9600 Bps V.FC: 28.8 Kbps
V.32 bis: 14.4 Kbps K56Flex: 56 Kbps
V.34: 28.8 Kbps X2: 56 Kbps
V.34 annex 1201H: 33.6
Kbps

V.90: 56 Kbps

Bang 5.2. Cac chuan cua modem.
D lieu t DTE den modem se c modem nen lai va gi len ng truyen. Toc o d
lieu en va toc o tren ng truyen la khac nhau tuy vao mc o nen d lieu cua
modem. T le nen hien nay co the at ti 4:1 vi chuan nen V42 bis.

Hnh 5.14: moi tng quan gia toc o va he so nen
Trang 65/94
V du trong hnh 5.10 cho thay toc o khi d lieu truyen t DTE den modem la
115.2kbps, qua modem vi o nen 4:1 mac du d lieu truyen tren ng truyen vi toc
o 28.8kbps.
Hnh sau cho thay nhng toc o ng truyen tren ly thuyet theo chuan cua modem va
toc o tren ng truyen sau khi qua modem vi o nen 4:1

Hnh 5.15: Cac chuan bien ieu va toc o ket noi toi a cua modem.
5.3.3 Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
Nh phan tren ta thay vi chuan V90 va chuan nen V42 bis, ket noi DTE-modemco the
at c toc o toi a 224000bps. Tuy nhien trong may tnh (DTE) ta ch thay toc o toi
a la 115200bps. Toc o truyen c gii han bi loai UART ieu khien truyen thong qua
RS-232 cua PC. UART la mot thanh phan cua PC co trach nhiem to chc, sap xep cac
hoat ong thong tin c truyen bat ong bo tren serial port. Do o se quan ly toc o
truyen tren modem external (v modem external ket noi vi may tnh qua serial port).
Cac modem internal co mot UART rieng trong modem.
Hnh sau cho thay v tr cua mot UART :
PSTN/
ISDN
U
A
R
T
B
o

t
h
u
d

l
i
e
u
U
A
R
T
N
g
u
o
n
d

l
i
e
u
Modem Modem
Terminal nguon Terminal ch
Hnh 5.16: vai tro va v tr cua UART.
UARTs c ieu khien bi nhp ong ho vi toc o 1.84 MHz va co toc o truyen d lieu
cao nhat la 115 Kbps. UARTs co mot buffer e tam thi lu nhng d lieu en. Buffer
nay khac nhau cac loai modem khac nhau, nhng thong thng buffer nay co kch
thc nho.
Cac loai UART: 16C450
16450
16550 co 16-byte buffer
Trang 66/94
16550af
16750 s dung 64-byte transmit buffer va 56-byte receive buffer
Bang 5.3: Cac loai UART.
5.3.4 Hoat ong cua modem
Hnh sau mo ta hoat ong cua modem :

Hnh 5.17: cac bc hoat ong cua modem.
D lieu can gi t DTE i en modem qua ng TxD.
Neu modem buffer gan tran, modem se ieu khien luong d lieu bang cach at tn
hieu CTS (clear to send) xuong thap, DTE khi o se khong s dung c ng
TxD.
D lieu c nen bang thuat toan phu hp (MNP 5 hay V.42bis)
D lieu sau o c phan manh, thc hien viec windowing, check sum, error control.
D lieu so c chuyen sang tn hieu analog va gi ra mang ien thoai.
Khi d lieu ti au nhan, cac bc tren c thc hien vi chieu ngc lai. Trong o hai
tn hieu RTS (request to send) va RxD c s dung thay cho CTS va TxD.
5.3.5 Cach ket noi Router Cisco va modem
Bang sau cho biet cac au cam va cac cable can thiet e ket noi modem va cisco router:
Router
port
au noi Loai cap.
DB-25
DTE
Male DB-25 AUX tren
Cisco 4000, 7000,
7200, and 7500.
Straight-through DB-25F -- DB25M RS-232
cable.
DB-25
DCE
Female DB-25 console
port tren Cisco 4000 va
7000 series.
Null-modem DB-25M -- DB25M RS232 cable.
rolled RJ-45--RJ-45 va CAB-25AS-MMOD
adapter.
Trang 67/94
DB-60 Sync/async interfaces.
Cisco 1005, 1600 va
2500; network module
tren Cisco 2600, 3600,
and 4000.
Cisco-specific cable: CAB-232MT(=).
RJ-45 AUX hay CON on the
Cisco 2500, 2600,
3600, AS5200 va
AS5300.
Rolled RJ-45--RJ-45 cable va adapter co ghi
"MODEM" (part number CAB-25AS-MMOD).
68-pin Cisco 2509-2512;
network module tren
Cisco 2600 va 3600.
CAB-OCTAL-ASYNC(=) (co anh dau
"MODEM") va CAB-OCTAL-MODEM(=).
"Smart
Serial"
WAN interface card
(WIC) tren 1720 va
2600s.
CAB-SS-232MT(=).
Bang 5.4: Cac loai cap noi router va modem.
au cam vao modem theo chuan EIA/TIA RS-232 gom 25 chan cam (pin), nhng ch co
8 chan la tham gia vao qua trnh ket noi DCE-DTE. 8 chan nay phan ra lam 3 nhom :
Data transfer group
Hardware flow control group
Modem control group

Hnh 5.18: Cac nhom chan tn hieu cua modem.
Bang sau giai thch chi tiet cac tn hieu cua 8 pin tham gia vao qua trnh noi ket DTE:

Trang 68/94
Tn hieu
Mo ta
TxD Transmit Data. DTE chuyen d lieu en DCE.
RxD Receive Data. The DTE nhan d lieu t DCE.
GRD Ground (pin 7). Cung cap mc ien the chuan.
RTS Request To Send. DTE co buffer san sang e cha nhng d lieu en t DCE.
Tn hieu nay dung cho may tnh hoac router bao cho modem trc khi d lieu
c gi.
CTS Clear To Send. DCE co buffer san sang e lay d lieu t DTE. Tn hieu nay do
modem bao cho may tnh khi modem gi d lieu.
DTR Data terminal ready. Tn hieu nay ieu khien ieu khien bi DTE. DTE bao cho
DCE la thiet b (may tnh hoac router) a connect va san sang e nhan data.
CD Carrier Detect. Tn hieu nay c ieu khien bi DCE, ch ra rang a thiet lap
tn hieu song mang vi DCE xa (DCE-to-DCE connection).
DSR Data Set Ready (pin 6). DCE san sang e s dung. Pin nay khong c dung
trong ket noi modem. DSR hoat ong ngay khi modem c bat len.
Bang 5.5: cac chan tn hieu cua modem.
5.3.6 Cau hnh modem
Trong moi loai modem bao gom san mot tap lenh e cau hnh va ieu khien modem. Cac
lenh nay thng c goi la cac lenh AT va co the khac nhau oi vi tng loai modem.
Tuy nhien mot so lenh c trnh bay bang sau la cac lenh chuan, co the s dung cho
bat ky loai modem nao:
Lenh AT Mo ta
AT$ HELP, Command Quick Reference (CTRL-S to Stop, CTRL-C to Cancel)
<output omitted>
AT&$ HELP, Ampersand Commands (CTRL-S to Stop, HELP, Ampersand
Commands (CTRL-S to Stop, CTRL-C to Cancel) <output omitted>
ATS$ HELP, S Register Functions (CTRL-S to Stop, HELP, S Register
Functions (CTRL-S to Stop, CTRL-C to Cancel) <output omitted>
AT&F1 Cau hnh Hardware Flow Control
Trang 69/94
Lenh AT Mo ta
ATS0=1 Auto-Answer on first ring
AT&C1 Modem Controls CD
AT&D2 DTE Controls DTR
AT&H1 CTS
AT&R2 RX to DTE/RTS high
AT&M4 ARQ/Normal Mode
AT&B1 Fixed DTE Speed
AT&K1 T ong nen d lieu
AT&W0 Lu cau hnh vao Template 0
ATI4 Trnh bay cau hnh cua modem a thiet lap
Bang 5.6 Cac lenh AT thong dung.
Ta co the s dung trc tiep cac lenh nay trong Hyper Terminal e cau hnh modem (V
du nh nh che o auto answer, nh so stop bit Tuy nhien khi cau hnh Cicso router,
ta co the s dung 02 cach sau:
Cau hnh bang tay (manual configuration) : thiet lap cac thong so cua modem bang
cach go vao tng lenh. Cac lenh nay se c e cap trong phan cau hnh line.
Cau hnh t ong (automatic configuration) : cho modem t ong kiem tra loai
modem va gan cac thong so thch hp. Lenh nay se c e cap trong phan cau
hnh line.

Trang 70/94
5.4 Cau hnh tong quan cho ng Dial-up
e cau hnh dial-up, phai thc hien cac cong viec sau:
Cong viec Mo ta cong viec
Thiet lap cac thong so c ban cua he thong at ten host, thiet lap cac dch vu nh service
timestamps debug uptime, Service timestamps
log uptime, service password-encryption
Mo ta username va password Ten va password cua router hoac ngi dung ket
noi en.
Cau hnh cac chat script Xac nh cac thong so e khi tao ng truyen:
khi tao modem va mot so thong so khac.
Cau hnh cho cac interface Cau hnh cho ethernet interface, async interface,
async group interface, dialer interface. Cac thong
so can cau hnh la :
- Interesting traffic (co the cau hnh trc tiep
hay thong qua access list)
- Cau hnh compression (neu can)
- Cau hnh encapsulation (thng la ppp)
- Cac lenh cau hnh Dialer (dialer in-band,
dialer map) khi dial-out.
- Cau hnh authentication
Async interface Thiet lap cac ac iem cua async interface:
interesting traffic, protocol, encapsulation,
authentication
Group Async
Interface
Xac nh ten group
Xac nh cac thong so ve interesting traffic ,
protocol, compression, encapsulation,
authentication cho group (tng t nh cau hnh
cho cac interface rieng re).
Xac nh pham vi cua group o (ch nh cac
interface thuoc group)
Dialer interface Thng dung trong viec quay so ra. Bao gom cac
lenh cau hnh dialer interface thanh rotary group
va cac lenh tng t nh async interface, group-
async interface. Sau o gan cac interface rieng le
vao trong rotary-group.
Ethernet interface Cau hnh a ch, subnet mask cho conf
ethernet.
Cau hnh line Line console, line vty, line noi modem
Trang 71/94
Line console Password truy cap line (password can khi truy
cap vao router thong qua console port)
Line vty Password truy cap line (password can khi telnet
vao router)
Line cho modem
Cac lenh thiet lap thong so cho modem (modem
Inout)
Cac lenh cau hnh line (speed, start-bit, stop-bit,
script)
Bang 5.7: cac bc cau hnh dia-up
Cac phan sau se mo ta lai chi tiet ve cac cong viec e cau hnh ng dila-up a c
mo ta tren.
5.4.1 Cac thong so c ban cua he thong
Xem cac phan tren e cau hnh cac service, host Co the bo qua phan nay (ch can cau
hnh host khi cau hnh ket noi router-to-router).
5.4.2 Lenh mo ta username va password
Username va password c s dung trong qua trnh authentication (se trinh bay chi tiet
phan sau). Trong trng hp RAS (PC quay so bang modem vao router) username va
password ay se c gan cho cac user khi truy cap. Con trong trng hp ket noi
router-to-router, username chnh la ten cua router ket noi vi router ang cau hnh va
password c ch nh thong nhat cho ca hai router.
e xac nh username va password ta dung lenh sau:
Router(config)#username name password password
Lu y: Qua trnh authentication co the s dung cac user database khac nhau: local
database, TACASC+ database hay RADIUS database. Trong noi dung cua tai lieu nay
chung toi ch trnh bay qua trnh authentication n gian nhat la dung local database
(cha trong ban than router). Thong thng mac nh la router s dung local database.
Ngoai ra co the s dung lenh sau e buoc router s dung local database (t version 11.2
tr i):
Router(config)#aaa authentication ppp default local

5.4.3 Cau hnh chat script
Chat-scripts c dung e thc hien nhng nhiem vu nh sau :
Cau hnh, khi tao modem
Nhng dong lenh dialing va remote login
Phat hien loi
Mot dong chat-script la mot chuoi k t nh ngha s bat tay gia 2 thiet b DTE, hoac
gia DTE va nhng g trc tiep noi vao no. Cau truc 1 chat-script nh sau:
router(config)# script-name expect-string send-string
Trang 72/94
V du : Cau hnh chat-script cho nhng nhiem vu sau:
- Khi ong mot modem.
- Ch dan cho modem dial out
- Logging in vao remote system
Chat-script cua nhng nhiem vu tren c mo ta nh sau:
router(config)# chat-script Reno
ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY "" "ATZ" OK "ATDT \T"
TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT
Lenh chat-script Mo ta
Reno Ten cua chat-script
ABORT ERROR Dng chat-script neu co bat c loi nao .
ABORT BUSY Dng chat-script neu ng ien thoai ban.
ATZ Neu khong co d lieu vao va khong co loi th gi lenh ATZ e
modem khi ong lai bang cach dung nhng profile c lu
tr.
OK ATDT \T Neu dong input la OK th gi lenh AT e ch nh modem ket
noi bang so ien thoai trong chuoi dialer-string hoac lenh
start-chat.
TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT Ch CONNECT trong vong 30 giay. Neu khong ngat ket noi.
\c Bao hieu cuoi cua dong chat-script.
Bang 5.8: Cac thong so cua lenh chat-script.
Modem-script va System-script
Chat-scripts c s dung nh la modem-scripts hoac system-scripts. Modem-scripts
c s dung gia DTE en DCE, con system-scripts c gi t DTE en DTE.
Trong v du sau, script co ten Niagara c dung gia router va modem. Script ten
Gambling c dung cho viec logging gia router va mot he thong ch. Script Niagara
c dung e ket noi en modem:
chat-script Niagara ABORT ERROR "" "AT Z" OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c
!
chat-script Gambling ABORT invalid TIMEOUT 15
name: billw word: wewpass ">" "slip default"
!
Interface async 5
dialer map ip 172.16.12.17 modem-script Niagara system-script Gambling 98005551212
!
Trang 73/94
e khi ong chat-script tren mot line dung lenh start-chat che o privileged EXEC:
Router#start-chat regexp [line-number [dialer-string]]
Dong lenh tren cung cap mot lenh ket noi vao modem. oi so regexp is c dung e
ch nh ten cua modem script c chay.
5.4.4 Cau hnh cho Interface
Cac lenh chung
Compression
Compression (nen d lieu) la mot cach hieu qua e tan dung bang thong trong viec
truyen d lieu tren ng truyen.
Cac loai compression c ho tr vi Cisco IOS la:
TCP/IP header compression : Dung thuat toan Van Jacobson e nen header. Phng
phap nay c s dung hieu qua khi ma goi tin nho ch bao gom vai byte d lieu (v du
nh mot lenh Telnet)
Payload compression (con goi la per-vitual circuit compression)Nen phan d lieu trong
packet nhng khong nen phan header.Bi v header khong b nen lai nen packet co the
chuyen c qua cac mang WAN co dung router.
Link compression (con goi la per-interface compression) : Nen ca phan header va phan
d lieu. Loai nen nay hu hieu trong moi trng point-to-point.
Header Payload
Uncompressed (default)
Header compression
Payload compression
Link compression

Cac lenh compression ap dung tren cac interface mode (Router (config-if)#)
o Lenh nen header cua nhng packet truyen theo TCP:
Router (config-if)# ip tcp header-compression [passive]
o Lenh nen payload cho nhng giao tiep point-to-point:
Router (config-if)# frame-relay payload-compress
o Cau hnh nen cho nhng lien ket LAPB, PPP, HDLC:
Router (config-if) compress [predictor | stacker]
(predictor va stacker la hai thuat toan nen thng gap cua Cisco router trong
o thuat toan predictor chiem dung bo nh nhieu con thuat toan stacker
chiem dung CPU nhieu hn)
Encapsulation
Cau lenh:
Trang 74/94
Router(config-if)# encapsulation encapsulation-type
He thong dial-up thng s dung giao thc ong goi point-to-point. Do o encapsulation-
type thng la ppp:
Router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
Cac lenh dialer
Cac lenh dialer co the ap dung cho viec cau hnh async interface, group async interface
hay dialer interface e xac nh interesting traffice, xac nh che o dial-on-demand, xac
nh cach quay so

Lenh Giai thch
Router(config)#Dialer-list dialer-group protocol
protocol-name [permit | deny | list access-list-number]
Xac nh interesting traffic: nhng packet
c phep hay b t choi vao interface.
Access-list-number la so cua access-list c
an nh tren dialer group interface.
Lenh nay c at trong global configuration
mode.
Router(config-if)#Dialer in-band Bat che o dial-on-demand routing tren
interface
Router(config-if)Dialer-group group-number nh mot group cho interface. group_number
phai trung vi tham so dialer-group cua lenh
dialer-list c cau hnh trong global
configuration mode nh tren.
Router(config-if)Dialer map protocol next-hop-
address [name hostname] [speed 56 | 64] [broadcast]
[dialer-string]
nh ngha cach e i quay so en ch: ch
co a ch la bao nhieu, thong qua interface
nao, quay so nao
Router(config-if)Dialer string string-number
nh so e interface goi ra (neu lenh dialer
map cha xac nh.
Router(config-if)Dialer load-threshold load
[outbound | inbound | either]
nh lng load cao nhat trc khi m them
mot cuoc goi na (dung trong trng hp
backup)
Router(config-if)Dialer idle-timeout seconds
Thiet lap thi gian toi a ma router phai ch
trc khi ngat ket noi neu khong co packet
nao chuyen qua ket noi.
Router(config-if)Dialer fast-idle seconds
Dung rut ngan thi gian ch ngat ket noi khi
co nhu cau quay so khac. Co ngha la neu ket
noi hien tai khong con chuyen packet ma
router co yeu cau thiet lap mot ket noi khac,
thay v ch het thi gian xac nh trong lenh
dialer idle-timeout, router ch can phai ch
mot khoang thi gian ngan hn c xac nh
trong lenh dialer fast-idle.
Bang 5.9: Cac lenh dialer.
V du mot ket noi nh hnh ve sau (hnh 5.19)
Trang 75/94
PSTN/
ISDN
171.68.12.0
171.68.14.0
131.108.126.2 131.108.126.1
Router A
BR0
5551234
Router B

Hnh 5.19:
Cau hnh cho router A :
Access-list 101 deny igrp any 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
Access-list 101 deny icmp any 171.68.12.0 0.0.3.255 echo
Access-list 101 permit tcp any 171.68.12.0 0.0.3.255 eq ftp
Access-list 101 permit ip any any
Dialer-list 1 list 101
!
ip route 171.68.12.0 255.255.255.0 131.108.126.2
ip route 171.68.14.0 255.255.255.0 131.108.126.2
!
interface bri 0
ip address 131.108.126.1 255.255.255.0
dialer-group 1
dialer map ip 131.108.126.2 broadcast 5551234
!
dialer idle-timeout 300
Trong th du nay group-number la 1 xac nh interesting traffic c thong qua access-list
101: cam broadcast, cam protocol icmp dang echo va ftp t subnet 171.68.12.0 va cho
phep tat ca ip protocol con lai. Ngoai ra lenh dialer map con cho biet e en c router
B phai quay so 5551234 va thi gian ch trc khi ngat ket noi la 300s.
Chi tiet ve cach cau hnh access-list xin tham khao tai lieu CCNA-chng 7 cua Cisco
hay cac CD-ROM Cisco Documentation.
Authentication
Authentication la cach ma router kiem tra user khi ket noi, thc hien chc nang bao mat
cho he thong.
e cau hnh authentication, dung lenh :
Router(config-if)#ppp authentication {chap | chap pap | pap chap | pap}

o PAP (Password Authentication Protocol)
Cung cap phng phap n gian cho mot client (user, router) xa thiet lap ket noi thong
qua qua trnh nh danh bang cach bat tay 2 lan
Bat tay 2 lan co ngha la :
Sau khi lien ket PPP thiet lap, thong tin username/password c gi bi client xa .
Neu s ang ky username/password la ung th router se gi lai mot thong iep Accept,
ket noi c thiet lap, neu username/password khong ung th router gi thong iep
Reject va ngat ket noi.
V du :
Trang 76/94

Hnh 5.20: ket noi remote user router

Hnh 5.21: ket noi routerrouter: username chnh la ten cua router, password phai c
quy dnh thong nhat gia cac router

PAP khong phai la mot phng phap authentication manh v password c gi tren
ng lien ket di dang clear-text (khong c ma hoa)
o CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
Phng phap nay an toan hn PAP. Server ma c truy cap vao gi 1 challenge
message en remote client sau khi lien ket PPP c thiet lap . Remote client se tra li
gia tr ma a c tnh toan bang ham bam one-way hash (mac nh la MD5). Router
c truy cap kiem tra cau tra li o neu ung th viec authentication hoan thanh, ngc
lai th se ngat ket noi.

Hnh 5.22
Cac bc hoat ong cua CHAP c mo ta chi tiet bang cac hnh sau:
Bc 1:
Trang 77/94

Bc 2:

Bc 3:

Bc 4 :

Trang 78/94

Trong mot so trng hp quay so ra ma ket noi ben ngoai khong phai la router ma la mot
Server c cau hnh dch vu RAS hay RRAS, router phai s dung lenh e gi user
name va password ti Server:
Router(config-if)#ppp {pap | chap} sent-username username password password
V du nh mot LAN trung tam s dung router e ket noi en Server at tai chi nhanh.
Tai server nay co user ten la dial vi password la dialtest va co quyen Call-in. Lenh
tng ng cua router khi muon ket noi vao Server la:
Router(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username dial password dialtest
Lenh nay c at vao trong interface nao co nhiem vu quay so ra.

Cau hnh async interface
Cac lenh thng dung e cau hnh async interface c trnh bay trong bang sau: (cac
lenh nay nam trong interface configuration mode-router(config-if)#)

Lenh Giai thch
Physical-layer {sync |
async}
Dong lenh nay xac nh che o hoat ong cua interface la sync hay
async, ap dung cho cac interface dang A/S, dang sync la default nen e
s dung cho dial-up ta phai chuyen che o async cho interface.
async dynamic address Cho phep client la chon ip address mot cach linh ong khi quay so vao.
IP address co the la do user t gan hay nhan c t cac pool, dhcp hay
c router gan co nh.

peer default ip address
{ip-address | dhcp | pool
poolname}

Gan ip address cho client khi quay so vao. Do ch la interface rieng le
nen thng s dung lenh peer default ip address ip-address e gan mot
a ch cho client ket noi qua interface hien tai.
Trang 79/94
async mode dedicated Thiet lap che o dedicated asynchronous network trong o client bat
buoc phai chon mot trong hai dang ket noi: ppp hay slip. Neu ket noi ch
s dung ppp hay slip nen s dung lenh nay.
async mode interactive Thiet lap che o interactive tren ket noi async trong o client co the tuy
chon ket noi slip, ppp hay exec tuy thuoc vao EXEC command (ppp hay
slip) ma client o nhap vao khi c yeu cau. Khi s dung lenh nay cac
lenh auto select va mot so lenh khac trong line configuration mode mi
co hieu lc.
async dynamic routing Cau hnh async interface la dynamic routing, cho phep routing protocol:
RIP, IGRP, OSPF, thng c dung chung vi lenh async mode
dedicated
async default routing T ong cau hnh async interfcae cho cac routing protocol.
Bang 5.10: Cac lenh async
Cau hnh group async interface
Nhom mot so interface thanh mot group se thuan li hn trong viec cau hnh va quan ly
cac interface.
Cac lenh cua async interface c trnh bay tren co the s dung e cau hnh group
async. Sau ay la cac lenh danh rieng cho group async:
Lenh Giai thch
Router(config)# Interface group-async
number
Khi tao mot group async.
Router(config-if)# ip unnumbered interface An nh mot a ch IP mn tam cua mot
interfece khac, thng la ethernet.
Neu khong mun a ch ta co the s dung lenh
ip address ip-address netmask thong thng
e gan a ch cho group.
Ngoai ra ta cung co the khong gan ip cho group
neu co s dung mot dialer interface ao co
group hien tai la thanh vien va gan a ch cho
interface ao o.
peer default ip address
{ip-address | dhcp | pool poolname}

Gan ip address cho client khi quay so vao. Do
la mot nhom nhieu interface nen thng s
dung lenh peer default ip address dhcp hay
peer default ip address pool poolname. Sau
o xac nh a ch dhcp server (bang lenh
dhcp-server) hay xac nh pool (bang lenh ip
local pool)
Ta van co the gan ip cho cac client theo tng
interface rieng le nh phan cau hnh async
interface (lenh peer default ip address ip-
address) nhng them vao au cau lenh oan
Trang 80/94
member number vi number la so tng ng
vi interfce trong group. (xem v du)
Group-range low-end-of-range high-end-of-
range
nh gii han au va cuoi cua nhng intreface
trong nhom.
Bang 5.11: Cac lenh Group async
e kiem tra lai cau hnh Group Interface th dung lenh show interface async
V du sau trnh bay cach tao mot asynchronous group interface 0 vi cac thanh vien t 2
en 7:

interface group-async 1
group-range 2 7
V du sau cho thay nhu cau cau hnh theo nhom se co li ra sao :
Cau hnh asynchronous interfaces 1, 2, va 3 rieng re :

interface Async1
encapsulation ppp
async default ip address 172.30.1.1
async mode interactive
async dynamic routing
!
interface Async2
encapsulation ppp
!
interface Async3
!
encapsulation ppp
Va cung cau hnh 3 interface nh tren nhng khi ta gom chung lai e cau hnh cho group
th viec cau hnh se n gian va nhanh chong hn :

interface Group-Async 0
encapsulation ppp
group-range 1 3
member 1 async default ip address 172.30.1.1
Cau hnh Dialer interface :
Trang 81/94
Dialer interface la mot interface ao co the bao gom async interface hay group async
interface. Tat ca cac lenh s dung cho async interface hay group async interface eu co
the ap dung cho dialer interface.
Cac lenh sau ay la cac lenh ac biet dung e khi tao dialer interface.
Lenh Mo ta
Router(config)# interface dialer number Tao mot dialer interface dung e cau hnh rotary
group
Router(config-if)# dialer rotary-group number at mot interface vat ly vao trong mot dialer
rotary group Lenh nay at cac interface thanh
vien cua dialer rotary-group.
Sau khi go lenh nay tai cac interface thanh vien,
cac interface thanh vien se nhan c cau hnh
tng t nh cau hnh cua dialer interface.
Bang 5.12: Cac lenh interface dialer
V du mot ket noi nh hnh 5.15:
PSTN/
ISDN
171.68.14.0
131.108.126.2
131.108.126.1
4000
BR0
2500-B
2500-A
BR3
131.108.124.0 3261111
131.108.126.3
3262222
32621111

Hnh 5.23: S o ket noi dung rotary-group
Trong hnh router 4000 co 04 interface BRI (ISDN). Cac interface nay c nhom thanh
rotary group e linh ong trong viec quay so ra va nhan cuoc goi t nhieu ket noi ben
ngoai (trong hnh la 02 ket noi )
Cau hnh cho Cisco 4000:

Isdn switch-type basic-net3
Ip router 171.68.12.0 255.255.255.0 131.108.126.2
Ip router 171.68.14.0 255.255.255.0 131.108.126.3
Dialer-list 2 protocol ip permit
Username 2500-A password cisco
Username 2500-B password cisco
!
interface dialer 3 (tao dialer interface 3)
ip address 131.108.126.1
encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication chap
dialer map ip 131.108.126.2 name 2500-A 3262222
dialer map ip 131.108.126.3 name 2500-A 3263333
dialer-group 2
Trang 82/94
dialer load-threshold 160
dialer fast-idle 15
dialer idle-time-out 120
!
int bri 0
dialer rotary-group 3 (gan interface BRO vao dialer ineterface 3)
..
int bri 3
dialer rotary-group 3 (gan interface BR3 vao dialer ineterface 3)

Cau hnh cho Cisco 2500-B

Isdn switch-type basic-net3
Ip route 131.108.124.0 255.255.255.0 131.108.126.1
Dialer-list 2 protocol ip permit
Hostname 2500-B
Username 4000 password cisco
!
interface bri 0
encapsulation ppp
ip address 131.108.126.3 255.255.255.0
dialer-group 2
dialer load-threshold 160
dilaer map ip 131.108.126.1 name 4000 3261111
dialer idle-tiomeout 120
!

Cau hnh nh tren cho phep 04 BRI interface hoat ong di s ieu khien cua dialer
interface. Khi co yeu cau ket noi ra ngoai, dialer interface se chon bat ky mot BRI
interface nao con ranh e thc hien quay so. Khi co cuoc goi vao va neu s dung dch vu
trt so cua ISDN (04 ng vi 01 so duy nhat), dialer interface cung se phan bo cuoc
goi o vao interface nao ang ranh.
5.4.5 Cau hnh line
Cac cach cau hnh console, vty line a c trnh bay trong phan trc, v vay trong phan
nay chung toi ch trnh bay cach cau hnh cac tham so cho tty line:
Lenh Mo ta
Line line-number1 [line-
number2]
Vao che o cau hnh 1 line line-number1 hoac cau hnh t line-
number1 en line-number2
V du sau vao che o cau hnh line e cau hnh t line 1 en 16:
(config)#line 1 16
(config-line)#
Modem inout
Cho phep ket noi modem dng goi en va goi ra
Modem dialin
Cau hnh cho line t ong tra li mot modem
Trang 83/94
Lenh Mo ta
Modem callin Cau hnh line cho modem noi vao.
Modem cts-required Cau hnh line ong ke noi.
Transport input all
Cho phep bat c giao thc transport nao.
Speed speed
Thiet lap toc o gia router va modem.
Stopbits bit-number
Thiet lap so lng bit / byte lam stopbit.
Flowcontrol {hardware |
software}
Xac nh loai flow control.
modem autoconfigure
discovery
T ong phat hien ra loai modem ang gan vao e t ong gan
cac thong so cua modem o.
Bang 5.13: Cac lenh cau hnh line
Lenh show line trnh bay tat ca cac loai line va tnh trang cua moi loai.
V du cho ta thay mot bang thong ke cac loai line CTY, TTY, AUX, va VTY Line sau khi
dung lenh show line:

Trang 84/94
Hnh 5.24: Man hnh xuat khi s dung lenh show line

Trang 85/94
5.5 Cau hnh remote user-central dial-up
5.5.1 V du 1:
Hnh i ay mo ta mot he thong mang dial-up gom co nhng may vi tnh cac nhan ket
noi en mot mang cuc bo thong qua cac modem.

Hnh 5.25: V du remote user-router, s dung 01 modem (cau hnh async interface)
Vi mo hnh nh tren, can phai cau hnh cac bc nh sau:
Cau hnh mot ng asynchronous tren access server vi PPP encapsulation
Cau hnh mot interface tren access server e modem noi vao; intreface nay cung
phai cau hnh sao cho chap nhan cuoc goi t modem (incoming call)
Cau hnh 1 a ch IP mac nh cho ng day goi en. a ch IP nay ch nh a ch
cua remote PC ket noi en server.
Access Server c cau hnh trang thai async mode dedicated

Cau hnh nh sau:

ip routing
!
interface ethernet 0
ip address 192.168.32.12 255.255.255.0
!
interface async 1
encapsulation ppp
async mode dedicated
async dynamic address
ip unnumbered ethernet 0
line 1
autoselect ppp
modem callin
speed 19200

5.5.2 V du 2:
V du nay cung la mo hnh remote user ket noi vao central. Router ma cac user ket noi
vao c gan nhieu modem. Moi mot bo bao gom username va password se cau hnh
cho moi user muon ket noi vao.
Trang 86/94

Hnh 5.26: V du remote user-router, s dung 16 modem (cau hnh group async interface)
Vi mo hnh nay, phai to chc group. Cac bc cau hnh nh sau:
Bc Lenh Giai thch
1 Interface group-async number
Khi tao mot nhom
2 ip unnumbered interface name An nh mot a ch IP mn t interface khac.
3
Encapsulation ppp
Thiet lap giao thc ppp
4
Async mode dedicated
Cau hnh che o dedicated cho cac interface
5 Ppp authentication chap pap Bat CHAP va PAP.
6 Peer default ip address pool poolname
An nh nhng a ch IP cua cac client t mot
pool
7
no cdp enable
Tat giao thc Cisco Discovery (CDP) tren
interface
8
Group-range low-end-of-range high-end-of-
range
nh gii han au va cuoi cua nhng intreface
trong nhom
9 Exit Tr ve che o cau hnh toan cuc
Bang 5.14: Cac bc cau hnh group.
Cau hnh nh sau :
!
version 11.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service password-encryption
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname router2511
!
enable secret letmedostuff
Trang 87/94
!
username jason password foo
username laura password letmein
username russ password opensesame
username syed password bar
username tito password knockknock
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 192.168.39.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
!
interface Group-Async1
ip unnumbered ethernet0
encapsulation ppp
peer default ip address pool dialup
no cdp enable
group-range 1 16
!
ip local pool dialup 192.168.39.239 192.168.39.254
!
line con 0
login
line 1 16
login local
modem InOut
transport input all
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
exec-timeout 20 0
password letmein
login
!
end

Trang 88/94
5.6 Cau hnh router-router dial-up
Xem mo hnh sau:

Hnh 5.27: V du ket noi router-to-router.
oi vi mo hnh router-router dial-up th mot router phai ong vai tro answering va mot
router ong vai tro dialing.
e cau hnh router-router dial-up, phai cau hnh cho ca router answering va router dialing
trong o router dialing phai c cau hnh cho viec quay so ra bao gom chat-script, dialer
map, ip route Lenh ip route dung e thiet lap static route (a trnh bay phan config
leased line:
ip route network [mask] {address|interface} [distance] [permanent]

Cau hnh answering access server (Snoopy):
!
version 12.0
!
hostname Snoopy
!
enable password test
!
aaa authentication ppp default local
!
username Woodstock password 7 kd345096ix09ghu934c=e
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Async1
encapsulation ppp
peer default ip address 172.16.20.1
dialer map ip 172.16.20.1 name Woodstock broadcast
Trang 89/94
dialer-group 1
!
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
access-list 100 deny ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
access-list 100 permit ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
!
dialer-list 1 list 100
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.20.1
ip route 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.255 async1
!
line con 0
line aux 0
modem dialin
speed 115200
flowcontrol hardware
line vty 0 4
password cisco
!
end
Cau hnh cho dialing access server (Woodstock):
!
version 12.0
!
hostname Woodstock
!
enable password test
!
username Snoopy password peanuts
chat-script dialnum "" "atdt\T" TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \c
chat-script rstusr "" "at&fs0=1e0&r2&d2&c1&b1&h1&m0&k0" "OK"
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
!
interface Serial1
no ip address
!
interface Async1
encapsulation ppp
dialer in-band
dialer map ip 172.16.10.1 name Snoopy modem-script dialnum broadcast 14085554321
dialer-group 1
pulse-time 3
!
Trang 90/94
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.1
ip route 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.255 async 1
!
access-list 100 deny ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
access-list 100 permit ip 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
!
dialer-list 1 list 100
!
line con 0
line aux 0
modem InOut
speed 115200
script reset rstusr
flowcontrol hardware
!
line vty 0 4
password test
login
!
end

Ta co the khong s dung lenh ip unnumbered ma gan a ch trc tiep cho cong async
nh sau:
Cau hnh answering access server (Snoopy):

interface Async1
ip address 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
peer default ip address 172.16.30.2 ( hay async dynamic address eu c)
dialer map ip 172.16.30.2 name Woodstock broadcast
dialer-group 1

Cau hnh cho dialing access server (Woodstock):

interface Async1
ip address 172.16.30.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
async default ip address 172.16.30.1 ( hay async dynamic address eu c)
dialer in-band
dialer map ip 172.16.30.1 name Snoopy modem-script dialnum broadcast 14085554321
dialer-group 1
pulse-time 3
Trang 91/94
!
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.30.1
ip route 172.16.30.1 255.255.255.255 async 1
!

Trang 92/94
5.7 Cau hnh Back-up bang ng dial-up
5.7.1 Cac lenh dung e tao mot ng dial-up back-up:

Lenh Giai thch
Router(config-if)#
Backup interface interface-name

Chon mot back-up line. Lenh nay c thiet lap t
interface configuration mode cua interface chnh can
backup.
Router(config-if)#
Backup load {enable-threshold |
never} {disable-load | never}

Lenh thiet lap cac ngng bat va tat ng back-up
V du: Router(config-if)# backup load 60 5
Giai thch v du tren : neu kha nang tai tren ng
chnh vt qua 60% th se khi ong ng backup.
Khi kha nang tai o giam i 5% th se tat ng
backup

Router(config-if)#
Backup delay {enable | never}
{disable-delay | never}

Lenh thiet lap thi gian bat ng backup khi co s co
Bang 5.15: Cac lenh cau hnh backup dial-up.
5.7.2 V du:
Mo hnh sau the hien 2 he thong ket noi vi nhau bang leased line. Ngoai ra, 2 he thong
con co mot ng dial-up e nang cao o an toan.
Neu ng chnh (leased line) b down. ng back-up t ong bat e duy tr ket noi.
Cau hnh nay s dung auxiliary port la backup port.

Hnh 5.28: V du backup dung dial-up.

Cau hnh nh sau :
Cho router A (dialing access server):
hostname routerA
!
username routerB password cisco
Trang 93/94
chat-script backup "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK atdt\T TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c !
!
interface Serial0
backup interface Async1
ip address 192.168.222.12 255.255.255.0
!
interface Async1
ip address 172.16.199.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
async dynamic address
dialer in-band
dialer map IP 172.16.199.2 name routerB modem-script backup broadcast 3241129
dialer-group 1
backup load 60 5
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
!
line aux 0
modem InOut
rxspeed 38400
txspeed 38400

Cau hnh cho router B tng t nh mot answering router .

Trang 94/94
6 Tong ket.
Tai lieu nay c bien soan da theo cac tai lieu cua Cisco: Documentation CD-ROM,
Internet va tren cac kinh nghiem thc te. Cac van e a c trnh bay trong tai lieu nay
la ch la cac van e c ban va thng gap nhat khi cau hnh Cisco Router. Mac du het
sc co gang chung toi cung khong the trnh bay het tat ca cac lenh can thiet cua Cisco
IOS co lien quan en cac van e a c trnh bay. Chung toi ch hy vong vi mot chut
kinh nghiem cua nhng ngi i trc, cuon tai lieu nay se giup cac ban t nhat cung lam
quen c vi Cisco Router, lam quen c vi cach cau hnh Cisco router mc c
ban. T do co the tiep can cac van e mi, phc tap hn lien quan en cong nghe va
san pham cua Cisco noi rieng va cua cac hang khac noi chung.

Moi thac mac, ong gop y kien xin lien he:
Phong GPXN2 Cong ty TNHH Dch vu Cong nghe Tin hoc HiPT.
60 62 Nguyen Van Troi, Q. Phu Nhuan, Tp. Ho Ch Minh.
T: 8458518. Fax: 8458516.

Ccna Tieng Viet

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Hng dan cau hnh cac chc nang c ban cua Cisco router

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