C s l thuyt thng tin

Chng 1: Gii thiu chung

TS. Phm Hi ng
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Slice 1 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Phn 1: Gii thiu chung
Thng tin l g?
V d: Tung ng xu.
Thng tin c phi l 1 i lng vt l?

Mc ch ca mn hc?
L thuyt thng tin l thuyt m sa li
Nghin cu phng php x l thng tin nh 1 i lng vt l: to
thng tin, truyn thng tin, lu tr thng tin, x l thng tin
Ton vn thng tin.
Thng tin trong khng gian-thi gian.

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Slice 2 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Gii thiu chung
L thuyt v m ha sa li (Error Corection Coding).
L thuyt m sa li lin quan ti vic xc nh cc ngun gy li
ln thng tin s truyn ti trn knh truyn, v phng php pht
hin/sa li pha bn nhn tin.

V d: M ISBN (international standard book number)



M kim tra c thm vo, tha mn
iu kin Tng-cng dn ca dy s chia
Ht cho 3.
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Slice 3 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Gii thiu chung h thng thng tin
H thng thng tin bao gm 3 thnh phn:
Ngun pht tin
Knh truyn tin
Bn nhn tin
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Slice 4 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Gii thiu chung h thng thng tin
Encrypter: m ha, n giu thng tin ban u t ngun pht tin,
nhm trnh s xm phm thng tin khng mong mun. (Ton vn
thng tin, bo mt).
Channel Coder: b m ha knh. B sung thng tin d tha nhm
cho php vic pht hin/sa li thng tin pha bn nhn tin.
Modulator: b iu ch tn hiu. Chuyn i dng tn hiu s (bit,
digital symbol) thnh dng tn hiu ph hp vi vic truyn dn trn
knh truyn.
Channel: Knh thng tin, l mi trng truyn dn thng tin t ngun
tin ti bn nhn tin.

Pha nhn tin, qu trnh x l thu nhn v x l thng tin tng ng vi bn
pht tin: t b gii iu ch (demodulator), ti b gii m knh (channel
decoder) v gii m ha (dencrypter).
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Slice 5 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
V d: H thng thng tin BPSK
Dng bit thng tin c chuyn i thnh dng tn hiu
truyn trn knh truyn dn.
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Key

V d: dng bit thng tin = {
0
,
1
,
2
, }
Tn hiu truyn i c nh x thnh cc gi tr 1 theo cng thc

vi

l nng lng ca truyn 1 bit tn hiu

Xung n v
1
mang nng lng n v


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Slice 6 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
(2 1 )
i b i
b E b =
2
1
( ) 1 t dt

=
}
V d: H thng thng tin BPSK





Tn hiu truyn i theo phng thc iu ch BPSK


Tn hiu truyn trn knh truyn dn b nh hng bi
nhiu

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Slice 7 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
1
( ) ( )
i
i
s t b t iT =

( ) ( ) ( ) r t s t n t = +
V d: H thng thng tin BPSK
Bn pha nhn tin:



() l tn hiu thu c t knh truyn
Tn hiu gii iu ch BPSK
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Slice 8 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni

X
( ) r t
1
( ) t iT
( 1)
1
( ) ( )
i T
i
iT
R r t t iT dt
+
=
}
i
R
V d: H thng thng tin BPSK
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Slice 9 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
V d: H thng thng tin BPSK
B gii iu ch tn hiu a ra quyt nh v gi tr bit thu c theo
cng thc:


Cng thc Bayer

MAP (Maximum a posteriori) a ra quyt nh da trn vic tm cc
i ca xc sut hu nghim


ML (Maximum likelihood): a ra quyt nh da trn gi thuyt xc
sut tn hiu ngun pht () l bng nhau
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Slice 10 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
arg max ( | )
s S
s P
e
= s r
( | ) ( )
( | )
( )
P P
P
P
=
r s s
s r
r
arg max ( | ) ( )
s S
s P P
e
= r s s
arg max ( | )
s S
s P
e
= r s
Phn 2: nh l Shannon
nh l Shannon


Trong
S l cng sut tn hiu (W)
N mt nhiu trung bnh trong ton knh (W)
B bng thng (Hz)
C Dung lng gii hn ca knh truyn (b/s)
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Slice 11 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
2
log 1
S
C B
N
| |
= +
|
\ .
nh l Shannon
nh l Shannon cho bit dung lng knh truyn cho php truyn lung
thng tin ban u (loi tr thng tin d tha chn thm do m ho sa li)
trong trng hp knh AWGN (Additional White Gaussian Noise) vi bng
thng B v t l S/N cho trc.
Trng hp 1
R < C
R tc truyn tin trn ng truyn (b/s)
Cho php truyn thng tin vi tc R<C vi xc sut li BER=0

Trng hp 2:
R>C
Tc truyn tin R vt qu dung lng knh truyn, khng th truyn
thng tin hu ch trn knh truyn.
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Slice 12 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
ngha ca nh l Shannon
nh l Shannon ch ra gii hn l thuyt v dung lng ca knh thng tin.
Shannon cng ch ra v l thuyt: c loi m cho php tng tc truyn tn hiu trn
knh truyn tim cn vi gii hn Shannon.
Tuy nhin, Shannon khng ch ra l loi m g.

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Slice 13 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
C/B [b/s/Hz]

Cc v d gii thch nh l Shannon
Example 1: trong trng hp SNR=20dB
Bng thng h thng B=4KHz
Tnh dung lng knh truyn C

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Slice 14 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Cc v d gii thch nh l Shannon
Example 2:
truyn c lung d liu vi tc 50kbps, vi bng
thng l 1MHz, hy tnh iu kin knh truyn AWGN t s
SNR cho php?
p n -14.5dB
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Slice 15 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Cc v d gii thch nh l Shannon
Example 3:
Trong trng hp s dng phng php iu ch WCDMA,
bng thng B=5MHz, tc thoi R=12.2kb/s.
Tnh t l SNR cn thit truyn d liu thoi trn knh
truyn.

p n: SNR = -27.7dB
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Slice 16 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni
Cc v d gii thch nh l Shannon
Example 4:
Phng php MIMO
Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output
Nhiu antenna pht v nhiu antenna thu. Ph bin trong cc
chun WiFi th h mi 802.11n/ac, 4G LTE
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Slice 17 Trng H Bch Khoa H Ni