5.6.

MY CT IN CAO P
a.Chc nng nhim v
My ct in cao p l thit b in dng ng ct mch in c in p t
1000 V tr ln mi ch vn hnh: ch khng ti, ch ti nh mc, ch
s c( trong ch ng ct dng in ngn mch l ch nng n nht).
b. Cc thng s c bn ca my ct:
in p nh mc: l in p t nn thit b in vi thi gian lm vic di
hn m cch in ca my ct khng b hng hc, tnh theo tr hiu dng.
Dng in nh mc: l tr s hiu dng ca dng in chy qua my ct
trong thi gian lm vic di hn m my ct khng b hng hc(vic tnh ton dng
in nh mc da vo bi ton cn bng nhit ca mch vng dn in ch
xc lp nhit).
Dng n nh nhit vi thi gian tng ng l tr s hiu dng ca dng
in ngn mch, chy trong thit b vi thi gian cho trc m nhit ca mch
vng dn in khng vt qu nhit cho php ch lm vic ngn hn. Vic
xc nh dng in n nh nhit gn lin vi bi ton cn bng nhit ca mch
vng dn in ch qu :
I2nm tnm = const
Dng in n nh in ng (cn gi l dng xung kch) l tr s ln nht
ca dng in m lc in ng do n sinh ra khng lm hng hc thit b in:
Ixk = 1,8 2 Inm
Trong Inm: l dng in ngn mch
Ixk: l dng in xung kch
Nu my ct ng khi li in b ngn mch th dng in ng chnh l
dng xung kch. Dng in ct nh mc l dng in ngn mch m my ct c
kh nng ct c vi thi gian ct cho.

Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

Cng sut ct nh mc ca my ct 3 pha(cn gi l dung lng ct)

c tnh theo cng thc:
Scm = 3 UmIcm
Trong : Um l in p nh mc ca li in; Icm l dng in ct nh
mc.
Thi gian ng l khong thi gian t khi c tn hiu ng c a vo
my ct n khi my ct ng hon ton. Thi gian ny ph thuc vo c tnh ca
c cu truyn ng v hnh trnh ca tip im ng.
Thi gian ct ca my ct l khong thi gian t khi c tn hiu ct n
khi h quang b dp tt hon ton. Thi gian ny ph thuc vo c tnh ca c cu
ct(thng l l xo c tch nng lng trong qu trnh ng) v thi gian chy
ca h quang, c tnh ton cho h quang ca dng ct nh mc.
Cc yu cu chnh i vi my ct l: tin cy cao cho mi ch lm
vic, qu in p khi ct thp, thi gian ng v thi gian ct nhanh, khng gy nh
hng ti mi trng, d bo dng, kim tra, thay th, kch thc nh, gn, tui
th cao, c th dng cho ch ng lp li.
Chu trnh: Ct 0,3s- ng Ct -180 s - ng Ct
180 s l thi gian gia 2 ln thao tc, cn ng ct l my ct ng dng in
ngn mch, sau li ct ra.
c. Phn loi My ct:
Da theo mi trng dp h quang, my ct c chia ra cc loi: my ct
du, my ct kh nn, my ct chn khng, my ct t sinh kh, my ct kh SF6.
Da vo mi trng lm vic my ct c phn thnh loi: lp t trong
nh v loi lp t ngoi tri. Loi lp t ngoi tri v b tc ng mnh ca mi
trng nh ma, bi, bn nn c khong cch phng in b mt bn ngoi ln hn
nhiu so vi loi lp t trong nh.
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

Ty theo kt cu, ta c my ct ri v my ct hp b. My ct ri d s
dng n l, cn my ct hp b thng c ghp ni vi t hp cc thit b khc
nh dao cch ly, cc thit b iu khin, o lng, bo v.
d. MY CT KH SF6
d.1. Dp h quang
H quang in xoay chiu c dp tt bng cch li dng cc gi tr khng
ca dng in hnh sin(dp h quang ti gi tr khng ca dng). Chc nng chnh
ca h thng dp h quang l kh in khe h gia cc tip im ca dng bng
khng, nhm phc hi bn in mi ca khe h cng nhanh cng tt.
Cc my ct truyn thng(tt c cc loi my ct tr my ct chn khng),
dp h quang, tt c cc my ct ny u da trn mt chuyn ng tng i gia
h quang v mi trng dp h quang. hu ht cc my ct ny, mi trng dp
h quang chuyn ng c v chy vo h quang kh ing khe h tip im
cng nhanh cng tt vo thi im u tin dng qua khng, sau khi tip im ri
nhau. Nhng cng c my ct ngi ta cho h quang i vo mi cht dp h quang.
l my ct h quang xoay quanh. My ct kh SF6 thng vn hnh theo
nguyn l ny.
d.2. My ct kh SF6
tng hiu ng dp h quang trong mi trng kh v gim kch thc
cch in ngi ta s dng khi SF6.
Kh SF6 c tnh cch in v kh nng dp h quang rt tt. So vi nit(hiu
ng dp h quang ca my ct kh nn da vo kh ny), dn nhit nhit
cao(3000 n 10000P0K) nh nhit gia tng trong h quang th thp hn nhiu.
V th gim nhit hng tm nhanh hn, bn knh h quang nh hn nh vy
hng s thi gian phng h quang gn dng in khng nh hn rt nhiu. i vi

Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

kh SF6, hng s ny ch bng khong 1/100 so vi kh nit. V th bn in mi

phc hi nhanh hn sau khi dng in ngng.
Mt khc di 30000K, dn nhit ca SF6 vt xa ca nit, nn d dng
pht tn nhit.
SF6 l loi kh tr, khng phn ng vi oxy, hydr, t b phn tch thnh cc
kh thnh phn.
Nhc im chnh ca loi kh ny l nhit ha lng thp. p sut 13.1
at(1,31 MPa) nhit ha lng ca n l 00C, cn p sut 3,5 at(0,35 MPa) l
400C. V vy loi kh SF6 ch dng p sut khng cao trnh phi dng thit b
hm nng. Mt khc khi ny ch c cht lng tt khi khng c tp cht.
V kh SF6 t tin nn ch c dng cho my ct c h thng kh khp kn.
V c bn c 3 loi:
- Loi p sut kp.
- Loi kh nn.
- My ct dp h quang t pht.
My ct c p sut kp ngy nay gn nh khng cn sn xut na. Sau l
my ct loi kh nn. my ct ny, dng chy mi cht h quang c sinh ra bi
c cu vn hnh. V dng ny c thit k c bn ct c dng ngn
mch y , my ct kh SF6 loi kh nn thuc loi ny gi l my ct cng.
iu c ngha l khi ng ct cc dng cm nh, chng sinh ra cc qu p ln
do ct ri dng in v/ hoc do pht chy li nhiu ln. My ct ny rt thch hp
ng cc dng dung nh.
Ngy nay, my ct loi pittng c pht trin v k tc bi my ct SF6 dp
h quang t pht(c bit v l do gi c v do qu p ng ct nu trn). cc
my ct ny hiu ng dp h quang ph thuc vo dng s cp. C 2 phng php
chnh:
-Mt dng kh pht sinh t h quang, tu theo bin dng in.
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

-H quang b cng bc bi tc ng t tnh ca dng in, n di chuyn

vo khong cha kh SF6(my ct h quang xoay).
Cc my ct ny l my ct mm do vic dp h quang ph thuc vo
dng in, tc l my ct ch sinh ra cc qu p ng ct nh khi ng ct cc dng
cm ng nh. Tuy nhin, v loi my ct ny c th gp s c khi ng ct cc
dng dung(thi gian phng h quang rt di, c nguy c khng ng ct c dng
kh khng c hoc qu t)nn c th trang b thm pittng ph cho my ct nhm
m bo kh nng ng ct dng dung tt. Mt khc, vic ny dn n qu p ln
khi ng ct cc dng cm ng rt nh(ng ct my bin p khng ti).
My ct SF6 c thit k, ch to cho mi cp in p cao p, t 3 kV n
800 kV bi tnh nng u vit ca n: kh nng ct ln, kch thc nh gn, an
ton v tin cy cao, tui th cao, chi ph bo dng thp.
d.3. Nguyn l thao tc ca my ct
B phn ch yu ca MC l bung ct v b truyn ng c kt ni c kh
vi nhau. Ty theo nguyn l dp h quang ca bung ct m my ct c chia
thnh cc loi nh my ct du, my ct khng kh nn, my ct chn khng, my
ct kh SF6, Ty theo nguyn l lm vic ca b truyn ng m chng c
chia thnh: b truyn ng kiu l xo, kiu in c, kiu in t, kiu thy lc,
Trc khi ng, nng lng c tch tr trong b truyn ng vi mt tr s
ln. Khi c tn hiu ng a vo b truyn ng, nng lng tch ly trong b
truyn ng c gii phng phng, nhanh chng ng cc tip im ca my ct.
ng thi vi qu trnh ng, c cu ct ca b truyn ng c np nng lng,
chun b cho qu trnh ct.
Vi b truyn ng kiu l xo, vic tch ly nng lng l xo c thc
hin bng ng c in qua hp gim tc hoc c th bng tay quay qua cnh tay
n. Khi nng lng tch , ng c in ngng quay nh cng tc im cui ct
in vo ng c. Vic gii phng l xo bng nh cht hm nh cp in cho nam
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

chm in ng hoc c th thc hin qua nt n bng tay. Sau khi ng, ng c
in li c cp in tch nng lng cho ln ng tip theo.
Thao tc ct ca my ct c thc hin bng gii phng nng lng tch
trong c cu b ct qua vic nh cht hm ct. Cht hm ny c th nh bng tay
qua nt n hoc cn gt(ct bng tay), c th nh bng nam chm in thc cht.

d.4. Cu to ca MC GL 312 F1
-My ct in (MC) kiu GL 312 F1 l loi my ct in cao p t nn kh
ca nh ch to ALSTOM, cp in p nh mc n 145 kV, kh SF6 c dng
cch in v dp h quang.
- Mi pha ca my ct bao gm 01 tr s v 01 bung dp h quang cho
01 im ct.
- Ba pha MC c truyn ng bng 1 b truyn ng (BT) chung loi
FK3 -1. B truyn ng kiu l xo xon v c cng bng mt cng l xo hoc
cng bng tay. T truyn ng c lp t ti pha gia.
- MC c tip im bo tn hiu kh SF6 gim thp, kha mch ng v mch
ct MC khi p lc kh gim.
- Cc gi tr p lc kh trn ph thuc vo nhit mi trng. Ty theo
thit k ca nh ch to v yu cu vn hnh, lu s liu thc t theo catalogue
thit b v thng s trn nhn my.
- C th thao tc ng ct MC t xa hoc ti ch bng in ty theo vic
chn ch lm vic ca kha REMOTE /LOCAL.
- Tt c cc chi tit ca mi cc u c lp rp, hiu chnh v th nghim
xut xng sn sng cho vic lp t, sau c np kh SF6 p lc khong 0,5
bar (0,05MPa) m bo cho cc chi tit trong tr cc khng b nhim bn trong khi
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

vn chuyn v lu kho.
- MC c lp cc in tr sy t trong t truyn ng v vn hnh lin tc.
- MC c kt cu kn, cc tr cc c np y kh SF6 nn c th dng m bo
cc mi trng kh hu nhim bn nng, sa mc hoc nhit i.
- Kh SF6 l loi kh tr khng mu, khng mi, khng chy. th tinh khit th
khng c hi nhng sau khi dp h quang th cc sn phm phn hy ca kh
SF6 c hi cho ng h hp, mt v cc vng da nhy cm ca ngi.
My ct kh SF6 GL 312 F1 gm cc b phn chnh nh sau: Cc b phn
tng ng vi s th t nh trong cc hnh v nh km.
Bung tip im

Tr s
Khung

Gi (c th la
chn)
B truyn ng
c kh kiu l xo

Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

A: chiu cao c th thay i

B: Cc u ni cao th
C: Bo kh SF6(o kh SF6)
D: u ni np kh SF6
E: Mc treo
F: Ch th trng thi l xo
G: Ch th v tr my ct
H: L i cp iu khin
J: Nhn my ct

Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

Hnh v: Cu to bung ct

1: Tip im c nh
2: H thng tip im c th di chuyn ln trn
3: Khi ngt
4:Piston
5:Tip im bn di
VD: Khng gian to p sut
VH: Volum of auxiliary puffer

Hnh v: C cu truyn ng my loi FK3Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

Cc chi tit ca b truyn ng: Cc b phn tng ng vi s th t nh

trong cc hnh v nh km.
-Hp tay quay
1.8
-L xo ct
1.8.06
-Thanh truyn ng
2.3
-Motor cng l xo
70.01
-B phn gim tc
70.02
-Ci lp
70.03
-C cu bnh rng
70.04
-Cht ng
70.05
-Cun ng
70.06
-Cht ng bng tay
70.07
-Nt nhn ng MC
70.08
-Trc ng
70.09
-Cam a
70.10
-Trc ln dn
70.11
-Trc chnh
70.12
-Cht ct bng tay
-Nt nhn ct MC
-Cun ct
-Cht ct
-B phn gim xc khi ct
-n by truyn ng
-Dy xch
-Lo xo ct
-Tip im ph my ct
-Cam iu khin
-n by
-Cng tc hnh trnh motor
-L xo ng
-Bnh rng
-Trc ln
-Cht tay quay
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

70.13
70.14
70.15
70.16
70.17
70.18
70.19 v 70.26
70.20
70.21
70.22
70.23
70.24
70.25
70.27
70.28
70.29
10

-Bnh xe tay quay

-Ch th trng thi l xo
-Ch th trng thi my ct
-Cn quay tay cng lxo

Cc chi tit ph ca t truyn ng

-Motor
-B sy chng ngng t
-Ch th v tr cng l xo
- Tip im hnh trnh motor
-Cht thao tc c kh bng tay
-Cun ct
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

70.30
70.31
70.52
70.53

3.0.01
3.0.12
3.0.20
3.0.22
3.0.27
3.0.28
11

-Cun ng
-Rle chng gi d
-Hng kp
-Tip im ph
-Ch th trng thi my ct
-Contactor kha lin ng khi p lc kh SF6 gim thp cp 2
-Cun gii phng qu ti
-Cng tc bo v motor
-Nt nhn ng, ct MC
-Trc cng l xo bng tay
-B iu chnh nhit
- cm
-n tn hiu ON /OFF
-Kha chuyn chc nng Remote /Local
-B m s ln thao tc
- Kha cnh t
- L kha

3.0.36
3.0.45
3.0.53
3.0.55
3.0.56
3.0.57
3.0.60
3.0.61
3.0.62
3.0.63
3.0.64
3.0.65
3.0.66
3.0.67
3.0.71
3.0.72
3.0.73

d.5. Nguyn l lm vic ca MC kh SF6 GL 312 F1

d.5.1. Bung ngt:
Lm vic theo nguyn tc dp h quang bng cch s dng nng lng ca h
quang v hiu ng nn ph. Mi trng dp tt l kh SF6 p lc cao. Bung
ng ngt c thit k chu ng c v nhit ca cc phn tc dng v gim
hao mn tip im. Phn tc dng nm trong v s cha y kh m bo cch
in gia cc cc ca my ct.
v tr ng, dng in i qua tip im chnh. Khi khi ngt chuyn ng th
tip im chnh ngt v sau tip im h quang ngt. i vi dng ngn mch,
nng lng h quang cc b dng to ra p lc kh theo yu cu. Lung kh
nng i vo bung my ct c trn vi kh lnh gy ra s tng p lc. Khi dng
bng khng, kh SF6 thi vo ming ng dp tt h quang.
Ngn bung ngt c chia lm hai phn, vi dng ngn mch phn trn
12
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

to ra p lc nn. Phn di c phn cch bng cc van v gi li p lc thp.

p lc ca phn di c gii hn bng cc van bn di, sao cho nng lng
nn lm hot ng cc c cu truyn ng, gi mc nh.
Khi ngt vi dng cm hay dng dung nh, p lc cn thit c to ra trong
phn di ca bung my ct bi s chuyn ng ca khi ngt. p lc khc nhau
gia phn trn v phn di ca xilanh lm cho cc van m. Khi p lc kh thi
vo ming v dp tt h quang.
d.5.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca b truyn ng:
d.5.2.1. Nn l xo ng:
-Khi nn l xo ng bng tay, thao tc cn quay tay 70.53, qua c cu nn
70.30 lm quay trc chnh 70.12 ngc chiu kim ng h. Trc chnh quay nn l
xo ng 70.25 v thay i ch th ca l xo 70.31, bnh rng ngng quay khi l xo
nn hon ton. L xo ng 70.25 c gi trng thi nn bng cht ng 70.05.
-Khi nn l xo ng bng in, di tc ng ca motor 70.01, c cu nn
70.30 lm quay trc chnh 70.12 ngc chiu kim ng h. Trc chnh quay nn l
xo ng 70.25 v thay i ch th ca l xo 70.31, cng tc hnh trnh 70.24 ct
ngun cp cho motor khi l xo ng c nn hon ton.
d.5.2.2. Thao tc ng:
Khi nhn nt ng 70.08 hoc kch hot cun ng, cht ng 70.05 c m
ra v gii phng trc chnh 70.12. Momen to bi l xo ng 70.25 lm quay trc
chnh theo chiu kim ng h ko theo cc c cu truyn ng v dn ng khc
n v tr ng:
-ng cc tip im chnh trong tr cc my ct.
-Nn l xo ct ca my ct 70.20.
-Cc tip im ph 70.21 thay i trng thi.
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

13

-Ch th trng thi my ct 70.52 thay i.

-V tr ng c gi bi cht ct 70.16.
d.5.2.3. Thao tc ct:
Khi nhn nt m 70.14 hoc kch hot cun ct, cht ct 70.16 m ra v gii
phng trc 70.12. Momen to bi l xo ct 70.20 lm quay trc 70.12 theo ngc
chiu kim ng h ko theo cc c cu truyn ng v dn ng khc n v tr ct.
-M cc tip im chnh trong tr cc my ct.
-Cc tip im ph 70.21 thay i trng thi.
-Ch th trng thi my ct 70.52 thay i.
-B m s ln thao tc hot ng.
d.5.2.4. Thao tc vn hnh ng, ct my ct:
- Thao tc ng my ct ch c th thc hin khi l xo ng c nn, l
xo ng c nn bng in nh motor hoc bng tay nh cn nn l xo, thao tc
ng bng in nh kha iu khin t xa hay ti ch. Thao tc ct my ct hu
nh khi no cng thc hin c v l xo ct t ng nn trong qu trnh ng,
thao tc ct bng in nh kha iu khin t xa hay ti ch, ct bng c nh nt
nhn c kh ti t c cu truyn ng my ct.
- Khi cp in motor nn l xo, l xo ng nn li trong khong 15 giy, khi
ch th trng thi c kh ca l xo chuyn t trng thi l xo khng b nn sang
trng thi l xo b nn. Trong qu trnh ng, l xo ng gii phng nng lng v
sau c nn li nh motor khi khng mt ngun nui.
-Trong trng hp khn cp hoc khi mt ngun nui, qu trnh nn l xo
ng c th thc hin bng cn nn l xo i km vi my ct. Gn cn nn l xo
vo l cm pha trc c cu truyn ng, quay cn nn l xo theo chiu kim ng
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

14

h, ngng li khi l xo c nn hon ton. Khi ch th trng thi c kh ca l

xo chuyn t trng thi l xo khng b nn sang trng thi l xo b nn.
d.6. Qun l vn hnh
*Quy nh chung v an ton:
- Khi lm vic vi my ct, nhn vin vn hnh phi tun th cc bin php
an ton khi lm vic vi thit b in cao p. Ngay c khi ct in pha cao p,
mch iu khin v lin ng ca my ct vn c th c in. Ch nhng nhn vin
c o to t v quy trnh an ton v c hun luyn v quy trnh vn hnh
v bo dng my ct mi c php lm vic vi my ct.
- Khi sa cha c kh my ct, lu cc l xo ca b truyn ng phi c
x ht nng lng, my ct trng thi ct, tn hiu "L xo ng ang cng" khng
c xut hin.
- Khng va chm hay lm h hi n s ca my ct. Lun lu bung ct
ca my ct s dng kh SF6 p lc cao c th gy n.
- Vic khng tun th cc quy nh v an ton v nhng hng dn nu trong
ti liu k thut ca my ct c th dn ti cht ngi hoc h hng thit b.
*Quy nh v ni t an ton:
my ct, v hp truyn ng my ct phi c ni trc tip vo dy tip
t thuc h thng tip a ca Trm.
*Quy nh an ton khi thao tc my ct:
- Lun u tin thao tc ng /ct my ct bng kho iu khin t phng
iu khin trung tm.
- Khng cho php thao tc my ct:
+ Khng c php thao tc my ct nu pht hin my ct c biu hin
phng in hoc bung dp h quang hoc s b nt v.
+ Khng ng /ct my ct khi p lc kh SF6 gim di mc quy nh ca
nh sn xut(i vi MC GL 312 F1 quy nh l 0,51 MPa ti 200C).
+ Khng ng my ct c in khi khng c bo v no sn sng a i ct
my ct hoc khi khng c bo v d phng no pha trc my ct c th ct
c in nu c xy ra s c.
+ Khng ng my ct c in khi mt trong cc hng mc th nghim ca
my ct khng t yu cu.
*Quy nh v mi trng lm vic:
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

15

- Theo quy nh ca nh sn xut.

- i vi MC GL 312 F1:
+ Nhit cho php ca mi trng khi vn hnh: -300C n +450C
+ Cho php t my ct ngoi tri.
*Quy nh v ng in ln u hoc sau khi i tu tng th my ct:
- Sau khi lp t ng in ln u tin, phi kim tra k m bo my
ct c lp t ng theo Ti liu k thut ca my ct, cc cu c xit
cht, cc ni ghp thanh truyn ng lp t ng quy cch v bt cht cc
cu hm.
- Kim tra tip cc phiu th nghim, kim tra thm cc phn trong hp iu
khin ca my ct v tin hnh ng /ct th khng in my ct 5 ln bng kha
iu khin. Sau , nu kt qu th tt mi chnh thc a my ct vo vn hnh.
- Khi ng my ct ln u tin, phi thc hin ng my ct bng kho iu
khin t xa, khng c ngi ng gn my ct trong phm vi 60m.
*Ni dung kim tra my ct trong vn hnh hng ngy:
- Nghe, kim tra xem c ting ku biu hin c nh la trong my khng.
- Kim tra xem t xa bng mt xem s my ct c b nt, v, m .....
- Kim tra mc bi v m bm trn my bng mt thng.
- Mi khi thao tc my ct, nhn vin thao tc phi kim tra ngay tnh trng
c bo trng thi ("ng"/"ct", "ct cng"/"Ct chng") ca my ct hot ng
ph hp vi cc tn hiu khc, b s m s ln thao tc phi thc hin nhy s.
Nu pht hin bt thng phi bo ngay lnh o n v tip tc theo di x l.
Mi khi my ct thc hin ct ngn mch, phi ghi ct dng s c tng pha
vo s theo di my ct.
*Ch ct cho php ca my ct:
- My ct GL 312 F1 c php ng ct dng in ti, dng chm t, dng
ngn mch vi in p v dng in n gi tr ct nh mc ca my ct.
*S ln ng /ct cho php ca my ct
- S liu thng thy cc nh sn xut:
Tui th ng ct c kh ca b truyn ng: 10.000 ln ( I<Im ).
Tui th ct ngn mch ca my ct ti 40kA: 20 ln( 1pha ).
- Vi my ct GL 312 F1: Xem trong ti liu ca nh sn xut
- Tui th ng ct c ti: Theo biu dng ct ca bung ct.
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Trong trng hp my ct ct dng ngn mch t tr s gii hn nu trn

th phi c i tu, c th phi thay th tip im v bung ct. Sau my ct
li c php vn hnh tip.
Trong trng hp my ct vt qu s ln thao tc c kh, th phi thay
th my ct hoc i tu tng th my ct theo hng dn ca nh sn xut.
Trong trng hp cha tin hnh kp vic i tu, thay th my ct nhng vn
cn cn phi ng /ct my ct th phi tin hnh th nghim kim tra my ct, sau
c kin cho php ca lnh o n v.
*Quy nh nhng nhn vin vn hnh c php vn hnh thit b:
Nhng nhn vin sau y c php thao tc vn hnh thit b:
- Nhn vin trc ca c kim tra nm vng quy trnh v t qua k
thc tp thao tc khng in trn thit b.
- Nhn vin chuyn mn ca nh sn xut, nhn vin th nghim c php
thao tc khng in trn thit b di s u quyn v gim st cng tc ca trng
ca vn hnh.
*Ni dung bo dng thng xuyn my ct:
Khi kim tra bo dng thng xuyn my ct phi thc hin:
- V sinh tng cng cch in cho cc s cch in.
- Kim tra mi trng hot ng ca my ct ph hp vi thng s k thut
ca my ct (nhit n, m, bi)
- Kim tra p lc kh SF6, so snh vi gi tr kim tra trc d bo tnh
hnh tt p lc kh SF6.
- Kim tra, nh sch cc u tip xc in ca tip im ph nu cc tip
im c biu hin han r. Thc hin thay th tip im nu kt qu nh r khng
t yu cu k thut.
- Kim tra trn u, bm m vo cc khp truyn ng c kh trong my
ct v trong hp iu khin.
- Kim tra cc b hp cht khi ng v khi ct ca my ct.
- Kim tra trn u ca li cc cun dy ng /ct ca my ct kim tra
chi than ca ng c ln ct cho l xo phi sch.
- Kim tra b m s ln thao tc vn ln s bnh thng sau mi ln ng
/ct. Cc c ch th v tr ("Ct cng", "ng", "Ct"...) phi ch th ng tnh trng
ca my ct.

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- Nu kim tra v x l cc hng mc trn vn cha t yu cu, th n v

qun l thc hin bo co cp trn v lp ngh x l.
- Th nghim nh k my ct, tnh ton d bo kh nng ct ngn mch m
my ct cn c th thc hin c da trn s ghi thng s ct s c ca tng pha.
Thc hin cc cng vic kim tra bo dng my ct trong phn Ti liu k
thut ca my ct.
*Chu k bo dng thng xuyn my ct:
Th nghim nh k hng nm theo quy nh 3075/CV-EVN-KTL ngy 14
thng 7 nm 2003 ca Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam (kim tra tnh trng b m
s ln thao tc, kim tra thit b ghi dng s c v lu k dng ct s c ca my
ct, kim tra v duy tr iu kin mi trng hot ng ca my ct, )
Cng vi vic kim tra cc thit b khc ca trm, trc trm kim tra quan st
tnh trng bn ngoi ca my ct mi khi cn phi thao tc my ct.
Thc hin quan st bn ngoi my ct mi khi c t bin v iu kin mi
trng (ng t, nhit cao /thp t ngt hoc vt qu iu kin cho php ....)
Thc hin v sinh, chng n mn cho my ct mi khi pht hin mt v sinh
hoc lp sn /m chng r ca my ct b h hi.
Thc hin cc cng vic kim tra bo dng my ct trong phn Ti liu k
thut ca my ct.
*Quy nh chu k i tu my ct:
Thc hin i tu my ct khi mt trong cc trng hp sau xy ra:
S ln ng /ct c kh vt qu gi tr gii hn.
Gi tr dng ng ct ngn mch vt qu gii hn cho php.
Gi tr th nghim nh k kt lun my ct khng t TCVH.
(Sau 20 nm vn hnh hoc sau 10000 ln thao dng in nh mc hoc
theo biu quan h gia s ln ng ct cho php (n) theo dng ct (kA) thay
th tip im h quang).
*Quy nh ni dung i tu my ct:
Khi i tu my ct phi lm y cc hng mc sau:
V sinh tng cch in cho cc s cch in.
Thay bung ct (nu cn thay, do bung ct c b nt v hoc ht chn
khng hoc in tr tip xc ca bung ct qu ln khng th x l c. Thay th
tip im tnh hoc ng (nu kim tra pht hin thy tip im qu mn, in
tr tip xc tng cao).
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 Thay b truyn ng nu b truyn ng hot ng vt qu s ln thao

tc cho php v c biu hin r ro.
V sinh v nh sch cc u tip xc in ca tip im ph.
V sinh, kim tra trn u, bm m vo cc khp truyn ng c kh
trong my ct v trong hp iu khin .
V sinh, nh sch cc b hp cht khi ng v khi ct ca my ct
V sinh, kim tra trn u ca li cc cun dy ng /ct ca my ct
hoc v sinh, nh sch chi than ca ng c ln ct cho l xo .
Hiu chnh my ct theo cc s liu k thut ca my ct (xem phn thng
s k thut ca my ct).
Th nghim my ct theo cc tiu chun th nghim k thut my ct (o
in tr tip xc, o cch in, chp sng kim tra hnh trnh tip im, th cao p,
o in p cun ng, o in p cun ct, ...)
Nu cc kt lun th nghim tt, kt qu kim tra tt. Th my ct sau i tu
iu kin a tr li vn hnh.
Chi tit v cng tc i tu my ct hoc thay th sa cha tng phn my
ct xem thm trong ti liu k thut ca my ct.
*Thao tc ng my ct
Trc khi ng my ct, phi lu kim tra ngun ct ca my ct phi c
ng v mch bo v i km vi my ct v tr sn sng ct my ct nu c s
c xy ra, hoc c bo v d phng a vo lm vic.
Trong trng hp ng my ct khng mang in th khng cn lu n mch
bo v v ngun ca my ct.
Thc hin thao tc nh sau:
1. Kim tra ch th ng/ct ang bo my ct v tr ct v ch th cng
/chng ct ca my ct ang v tr ct cng.
2. Ln ct cho my ct bng tay quay nu ct ang chng, thc hin quay theo
chiu kim ng h ln ct bng tay hoc ln ct bng ng c(nu my ct
c ng ngun nui cho ng c th ng c ln ct s t ng ln ct v mch
in s t ng ct in ng c ra sau khi ln ct xong).
3. ng my ct t xa:
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr "Local", th thao tc quay chuyn mch la chn v tr my ct trong t sang
v tr " Remote ".
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Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang

v tr "Remote" th n nt iu khin my ct sang v tr "CLOSE -ng" ti t iu
khin my ct nm trong phng iu khin.
4. ng my ct ti ch:
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr " Remote ", th thao tc quay chuyn mch la chn v tr my ct trong t
sang v tr " Local ".
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr " Local " th n nt iu khin my ct "CLOSE -ng" ti t truyn ng
my ct.
Sau thao tc trn, my ct s ng. Sau , ng c ln ct s t ng c
ng vo mch in v ln ct cho my ct n khi cng ct.
Kim tra cc tn hiu, cc gi tr o trn t iu khin v trn my ct khng
nh my ct ng tt.
Nu my ct khng ng c, kim tra li ngun cp, mch lin ng, rle
lockout,
*Thao tc ct my ct:
1. Ct my ct t xa:
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr "Local", th thao tc quay chuyn mch la chn v tr my ct trong t sang
v tr " Remote ".
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr "Remote" th n nt iu khin my ct t ti t iu khin nm phng
iu khin sang v tr "OPEN -ct".
2. Ct my ct ti ch:
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr " Remote ", th thao tc quay chuyn mch la chn v tr my ct trong t
sang v tr " Local ".
Nu "Chuyn mch la chn v tr thao tc" nm trong t truyn ng ang
v tr " Local " th n nt iu khin my ct "OPEN CT" ti t truyn ng my
ct.
Sau thao tc trn, my ct s ct.

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Kim tra cc tn hiu, cc gi tr o trn t iu khin v trn my ct khng

nh my ct ct xong. Nu nghi ng th th li bng bt th in nu sau cn
phi thao tc dao cch ly mc ni tip vi my ct.
*X l cc hin tng khng bnh thng ca my ct:
Cc hin tng khng bnh thng ca my ct bao gm:
C tn hiu bo p lc kh SF6 gim thp(nhanh chng tm):
Xc nh nguyn nhn gim p lc(c th tn hiu bo nhm do li mch nh
th), khc phc v tin hnh np kh theo ng mc quy nh theo qui trnh np
kh hoc xc nh tn hiu ch th nhm. Khi c tn hiu gim p lc kh SF6 cp 2,
lc ny mch bo v v thao tc b kha t ng, trc ca bo co gp cho lnh o
c bin php x l ph hp vi cc thit b khc trong h thng v c bin php
x l my ct cn thit).
Vic np kh SF6 cn phi tun th theo cc bc sau y:
Khi np kh phi s dng my chuyn dng v phi tun th theo ng qui
trnh np kh m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b.
+Quan st bng mt tnh trng s bn ngoi.
+Ni vi np ca b np kh (bnh kh SF6 vi van gim p hoc thit b bo
qun) vo u bnh kh SF6 v x kh qua vi lm sch vi.
+M t t van ca bnh kh SF6, ng thi m van gim p duy tr tc
np thp trnh ng khi np, t p lc np khng ln hn p lc my ct
khong 0,05 MPa ngha l lun iu chnh gi mc chnh lch p sut gia my
ct v vi np khng ln hn 0,05 MPa.
+Da vo ng cong quan h gia nhit mi trng v p lc cn np
o

np n p sut cn thit (V d nhit mi trng l 20 C th cn np p lc 0,

64 MPa ch trn ng h p lc).
+Sau khi np khong 1 gi, cn kim tra r r kh SF6 bng my d tt c cc
im ni. Lu : ng h gim st p lc kh SF6 c b nhit , c ngha l
21
Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

nhit mi trng xung quanh c tnh n. V vy, khi kim trn ng h ch

chm en trn mc ca vng xanh l kh c np .
Khng ng c my ct:
- Kim tra ngun iu khin, trng thi l xo, mch lin ng, rle lockout,
mch ng,
Khng ct c my ct:
- Kim tra ngun iu khin, mch ct,
Pht nhit ti cc tip xc:
- Thc hin ct in x l: v sinh, xit li cc tip xc, x l cc tip gip,
thay th cc ming tip gip nu c th,
Khng c tn hiu bo v tr my ct ng /ct:
- Kim tra li tn hiu bo(n bo, kha tng thch), mch bo v tr,
C nh la ti cc im ni, ti s cch in khi tri ti v m hoc ngay
gia ban ngy: thc hin ct in x l nh v sinh li s, xit li cc mi
ni, x l cc tip gip, thay th cc ming tip gip nu c th,

Thng s k thut ca my ct:

STT

Thng s

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n v

S liu

22

1
2
3
4

7
8
9
10
11

12
13

14
15

Kiu my ct
in p nh mc
Dng in nh mc
Tn s nh mc
in p chu ng nh mc tn s 50Hz, 1 min:

GL 312 F1
kV
145
A
3150
Hz
50/60

- Pha t
- Ngang qua tip im my ct m
Mc chu in p xung st
- Pha t
- Ngang qua tip im my ct m
Dng ct ngn mch nh mc:
- Dng xoay chiu
- % ca thnh phn mt chiu
Thi gian m nh nht
Dng ct ngn mch nh MC chu c
Dng ct khng ng pha nh mc
Chu k ct ngn mch nh mc
Chu k hot ng nh mc

kV
kV

275
275

kV
kV

650
650

Khi lng kh SF6 ca my ct

p lc kh SF6 200C
-p lc kh SF6 nh mc
-p lc kh SF6 nh mc bo tn hiu
-p lc kh SF6 i kha mch ng v mch ct
-p lc kh SF6 trong my ct cho php khi vn chuyn
S lng cun ng
S lng cun ct

kA
40
%
36
ms
35
kA
104
kA
10
s
3
M 0,3s- ng
M -180 s-ng
M
kg
12
Bar
Bar
Bar

6,4 (*)
5,4 (*)
5,1 (*)

Bar

0,5
1
2

S liu k thut b truyn ng c kh kiu l xo FK 3Nguyn Quang Ngc-PCHD-P4

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STT Thng s
1
2

B truyn ng c kh cng l xo loi FK 3-1

Cun ng, cun ct
- in p nh mc
- Di in p lm vic cun ng
- Cng sut tiu th cun ng
- Di in p lm vic cun ct
- Cng sut tiu th cun ct
- Chu k xung nh nht
M t cng l xo
- in p nh mc
- Di in p lm vic ca motor
- Thi gian cng l xo
- Cng sut tiu th ca motor
Cc mch ph:
-Dng ti lin tc nh mc
-Dung lng ct ca cc tip im ph ti 230 VAC
-Dung lng ct ca cc tip im ph ti 220 VDC
(trong mch in cm vi hng s thi gian
L/R=20ms)
B sy chng ngng t
- in p nh mc (VAC)
- Cng sut tiu th

n
v

S liu

VDC
V
W
V
W
ms

220
85...110%Un
340
70...110%Un
340
10

VDC
s
W

220
85...110%Un
<15
< 750 (*)

A
A

10
10

V
W

220
80

(*) Gi tr trn c th thay i ty theo yu cu trong qun l vn hnh hoc thit

k ca nh ch to, gi tr chnh xc c ghi trn nhn mc ca motor.

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5.7. MY CT CHN KHNG

a.Chc nng nhim v
- Xem trong phn MC SF6.
b.Cc thng s c bn ca my ct:
- Xem trong phn MC SF6.
c. My ct chn khng
c.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca bung ct chn khng
my ct chn khng p sut trong bung dp h quang rt thp, di 10-4
Pa(hoc 10-9 bar), do mt khng kh rt thp: hnh trnh t do ca phn t t
50 m, cn hnh trnh t do ca in t t ti 300 m, cho nn bn in trong
chn khng kh cao, h quang d b dp tt v kh c iu kin chy lp li sau khi
dng in i qua tr s 0. p sut 10-4 Pa, bn in t ti 100kV/mm. V vy
vi in p cp trung p(n 35kV), m ca tip im ca bung ct chn
khng khong 6 n 25 mm.

Ch thch:
1: v ngoi
2: y di
3: h thng tip im dng tip
xc mt.
4: thanh dn tnh
5: thanh dn ng
6: ng xp kim loi
7: ng kim loi(mn chn)
8: c cu dn hng
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Hnh 1: Nguyn l cu to ca bung ct chn khng

Hnh 1 trnh by nguyn l cu to ca bung ct chn khng. Bn trong
bung cch in bng vt liu cch in dng composit c t h thng tip im
3 dng tip xc mt, vi thanh dn tnh 4 v thanh dn ng 5, chuyn ng tnh
tin, theo c cu dn hng 8, lp cht vi y di 2. ng xp kim loi 6 c u
trn hn vi thanh dn ng, u di hn vi tm y 2, mc ch m bo chn
khng cho bnh ct d cho tip im chuyn ng nhiu ln. Vi cng ngh hin
i, bung ct chn khng c tui th n 30.000 ln thao tc. ng kim loi 7 ng
vai tr mn chn, ngn khng cho hi kim loi bm vo b mt bn trong ca ng
cch in, lm suy gim cch in.
Khi ct tip im ng tch khi tip im tnh, h quang xut hin trn b
mt tip xc 3 lm kim loi b nng chy v bay hi. H quang s b dp tt khi
dng in i qua tr s 0. tng kh nng ct v gim hao mn tip im do h
quang sinh ra, ngi ta s dng cu to c bit ca tip im to ra lc in
ng ca dng in, thi h quang ra pha ngoi mt tip xc.
u im chnh ca my ct chn khng l kch thc nh, gn, khng gy ra
chy, n, tui th cao khi ct dng nh mc(n 10.000 ln ng ct), gn nh
khng cn bo dng nh k, v vy loi my ct ny c dng kh rng ri
li in trung p, vi dng in nh mc n 4000 A, ch yu c dng lp t
trong nh. Dng in ct n 50 kA, thi gian chy ca h quang c 15 ms.
c.2. Mt s loi t my ct chn khng hp b ti in lc Hi Dng
- T hp b my ct 24kV Siemens loi 8BK20 Trm E8.1
- T hp b Unigear kiu ZS1- 24kV ca ABB Trm E8.10

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