Physical defects and their modeling; stuck at faults; Bridging Faults; Fault collapsing. Fault Simulation: Deductive, Parallel and Concurrent; Critical Path Tracing. Test Generation for Combinational Circuits: D-Algorithm, Boolean Difference, PODEM, and ATPG. Random, Exhaustive and Weighted Random Test Pattern Generations Aliasing and its effect on Fault coverage. PLA Testing: cross-point Fault Model, Test Generation, Memory testing: Permanent Intermittent and Pattern Sensitive Faults; Delay Faults and Hazards; Test Generation Techniques; Test Generation for Sequential Circuits. Scan Design. Scan path and LSSD, BILBO Concept of Redundancy, spatial redundancy, Time redundancy Recent trends in VLSI testing: Genetic Algorithms, Parallel Algorithms, Neural networks, nano scale testing Text books: 1. VLSI Testing: digital and mixed analogue digital techniques Stanley L. Hurst Pub:Inspec/IEE ,1999