M u

Nh ta bit, thc phm l mt phn khng th tch ri ca cuc

sng v n c ngha quyt nh cuc sng ca con ngi. Cuc sng
ca con ngi s b o ln nu nh ngun thc phm thiu, nn vic ct gi
thc phm l iu tt yu.
Thc phm khng ch mang li cho con ngi ngun dinh dng,
nng lng tn ti, pht trin v lm vic m cn mang nhiu gi tr quan
trng khc nh mang gi cm quan, gi tr kinh t, gi tr vn ha c trng
cho tng vng min, t nc, v t pht huy th mnh
Bi th mt yu cu t ra l lm sao ct gi ngun thc phm
c lu di m khng lm gim s lng v cht lng thc phm. V
l nhim v ca bao b thc phm.
Bao b l vt cha ng, bao bc thc phm thnh n v bn.
Bao b c th bao bc, c th ph kn hon ton hay ch bao bc mt
phn sn phm.
Bao b hng ha ng vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut,
phn phi v tip th sn phm ra th trng. Ngy nay, bao b khng ch
trnh by, m t, qung co cho sn phm hay n thun l vt bo qun,
cha ng sn phm m bao b cn m nhn vai tr nh mt cng c tip
th cho sn phm, l hnh nh tng trng cho sn phm v c vai tr quan
trng trong vic quyt nh mua hng ca khch hng tim nng.
Lch s bao b thc phm ni ln s tin b ca cng ngh thc
phm cng vi cng ngh vt liu lm bao b, ng thi phn nh s pht
trin ca x hi loi ngi qua cc thi k.
Thc phm m chng ta s dng hng ngy c ngun nguyn liu
xut x t nhiu vng t, nhiu quc gia trn th gii v c x l ch
1

bin theo s kt hp phong thi ca nhiu nn vn ho khc nhau v bin i

theo s pht trin ca x hi. Bao b thc phm c mt trong cc chc nng
quan trng l cha ng v bo qun thc phm,nn gn lin vi nhu cu
sinh hot, n ung ca con ngi theo tng thi k.
T thi k , vt cha ng thc n thc ung chnh l nhng
khc g rng, nhng qu bu b kh, v s c. Sau con ngi
bit dng mt s b phn ca th rng lm vt liu cha ng nh da,
xng, sng...Bn cnh h cng bit dt lng th, cnh nho, c lc thnh
tm v to thnh ti cha ng. n thi k mi, loi ngi bit
ch to vi cha bng kim loi c hnh dng nh chic sng v pht hin
ra t st ch to gm. Hn bn nghn nm trc ngi MoenjoDaro( thuc vng t Pakistan ngy nay) bit dng da th bt kn l bng
gm giu m cho la m, la mch c cha ng trong . Khong
530 nm trc Cng nguyn,ngi dn Ba T bit dng bnh gm s
ng ru v nc. Bn cnh , thu tinh cng c con ngi pht
hin rt sm. Khong 1500 nm trc Cng nguyn, con ngi dng l
thu tinh cha cc cht lng. Nm 79 sau Cng nguyn, ngi la m
bit dng cc bnh l thu tinh cha ng ng thi vi gm s.
Trong thi k ny, hng ho nh ru vang cng c cha ng trong cc
bnh to bng t st nung. Nhng vng dn c nh b tc Sepape pht
minh ra thng trn bng g c lp cht kht bng nhng mnh g theo l
mng, c np y v c ning cht bng nhng mc st.
Cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, con ngi ngy cng pht trin
nhiu loi bao b khc nhau mang nhiu tnh cht u vit hn nhu:
+ Bao b gm s

+ Bao b hn hp

+ Bao b thy tinh

+ Bao b kim loi

+ Bao b giy
2

Chng I

S Lc v Bao B Cht Do

1.nh ngha v phn loi bao b

1.1 nh ngha
( Quyt nh ca tng cc tiu chun o lng cht lng s 23 TC/Q
ngy 20/2/2006 ).
nh ngha :
Bao b l vt cha ng , bao bc thc phm thnh n v bn. Bao b c
th bao bc, c th ph kn hon ton hay ch bao bc mt phn sn phm.
Bao b phi m bo cht lng cho sn phm, c th phm, lu kho, kim
tra v thng mi mt cch thun li
1.2 Phn loi bao b thc phm
C th ni bao b thc phm c yu cu mt cch nghim khc v cu to
v cht lng thng tin ( cu to gn lin vi phng php ng gi bao b )
Bao b c chia lm 2 loi chnh : bao b h v bao b kn.
1.2.1 Bao b kn :
Bao b kn cha ng sn phm lm nhim v ngn cch khng gian xung
quanh vt phm thnh hai mi trng.
- Mi trng bn trong bao b : l khong khng gian tip xc trc tip vi
thc phm.
- Mi trng bn ngoi : l khng gian bn ngoi bao b, s hon ton khng
tip xc vi thc phm trong trng hp bao kn.
Loi bao b kn hon ton c dng bao bc nhng thc phm ch bin
cng nghip, m bo cht lng sn phm sau qu trnh sn xut v
trong sut thi gian l hnh trn th trng cho n tay ngi tiu dng.
Bao b gi trc tip thc phm l loi bao b kn mt lp s tin li, t hiu
qu kinh t cao trong cng on ng gi bao b, nhng thng thng mt
lp bao b ch cu to bng mt loi vt liu th khng m bo kn hon
3

ton do mi loi vt liu u c khuyt im. Do , bao b mt lp thng

c cu to dng ghp nhiu loi vt liu khc phc khuyt im ca
tng loi vt liu ring l
1.2.2. Bao b h ( hay ch bao bc mt phn )
Bao b h gm hai dng :
- Bao b h bao gi trc tip loi rau qu hoc hng ha ti sng, cc loi
thc phm khng bo qun lu, hoc ch bin n ngay. Cc loi rau qu ti
sau thu hoch, cha ch bin th vn cn h hp v cn c duy tr qu
trnh h hp hiu kh mt cch thch hp ( cos iu chnh ) c th ko di
thi gian bov qun sn phm trong qu trnh chuyn ch ti ni s dng th
bao b ng gi rau qu ti c lm bng vt liu c kh nng thm
c hi nc , O2 , CO2 . Ngi ta c th c l trn bao b thot kh
CO2, hi nc, v cung cp O2 mc cn thit cho rau qu ti , duy tr
c qu trnh h hp ym kh gy h hng rau qu ti.
- Bao b h cn c th l lp bao b bao bc bn ngoi bao b cha ng trc
tip thc phm , c nhim v quan trng l to s xp khi sn phm
thun tin, an ton trong vn chuyn , phn phi , kim tra lu kho. V d :
cc loi bao b vn chuyn dng thng khi hnh ch nht , bng ba cng
gn sng , cc kt bng plastic ng chai nc gii kht, bia.
i vi thc phm khng c ch bin theo quy m cng nghip, hoc
nhng thc n thc ung c bao gi sn ch c th tiu dng trong vng
24 gi , th bao b ca chng khng thuc phm vi quy nh trong nh ngha
bao b trn y.
Tnh cht bao b kn hay h c quyt nh bi vt liu lm bao b v
phng php ng sn phm vo bao b , cch ghp kn cc m ca bao b.
Vt liu ca bao b kn phi p ng tnh chng thm tt c cc yu t mi
trng bn ngoi cng nh bn trong ca bao b:
4

+ S xm nhp ca khng kh , oxy, hi nc, nc, cc loi kh hi, mi

hng , cht bo
+ Phng php ng gi sn phm vo bao b li ph thuc vo loi bao b
c s dng.
2. Cht do v thnh phn cht do.
2.1: nh ngha.
Cht do l nhng vt liu c kh nng b bin dng khi chu tc dng
ca nhit, p sut v vn gi c s bin dng khi thi tc dng.
2.2. Thnh phn cht do
Cht do l hn hp ca nhiu cht :
2.2.1. Polime
Polime thin nhin hoc tng hp l thnh phn c bn nht ca cht
do.
2.2.2: Cht ha do
L cht cho thm vo tng tnh do cho polime
2.2.3. Cht n
tit kim polime,ng thi tng thm mt s c tnh cho cht
do.Th d : Cht n aming lm tng tnh chiu nhit,bt kim loi v
graphit lm tng tnh dn in v nhit.
2.2.4. Cht ph
Gm cht mu, cht chng oxi ha,cht dit trng...
2.3/ Mt s cht do c s dng trong sn xut bao b
2.3.1. Polietilen (PE)
Polietilen l cht rn,mu trng,hi trong,khng dn in v
nhit,khng cho nc v kh thm qua.
Polietilen c tnh cht ha hc nh hirocacbon no : Khng tc dng vi cc
dung dch axit,kim thuc tm v nc brom
5

Do cc tnh cht trn,polietilen c dng bc dy in,bc hng , lm mng

mng che ma,chai l,ch to thit b trong nghnh sn xut ha hc.
Polietilen c iu ch bng cch trng hp etilen:
(polietilen,n=3000-40 000)
2.3.2. Polistrilen
Polistriren l cht rn,mu trng,khng dn in v nhit .Polistriren
c dng lm vt liu cch in,sn xut dng (chai l, chi tr em...)
iu ch polistriren bng cch trng hp striren :
2.3.3 Polivinyl clorua (PVC )
Polivinyl colrua l cht bt v nh hnh,mu trng,bn vi dung dch
axit v kim.
Polivinyl colrua dng sn xut dao ng nhn to,vi che ma,p c dp
nha v hoa nha,vt liu cch in.
iu ch PVC bng cch trng hp vinyl colrua :
2.3.4. Polimetyl metacrylat
Polimetyl metacrylat l cht rn,khng mu,trong sut nn c gi l
"thy tinh hu c".N bn vi tc dng ca axit v kim.
Polimetyl metacrylat c dng ch to "knh kh v",thu knh,rng
gi, n trang...
iu ch polimetyl metacrylat bng phn ng trng hp metyl metacrylat :
2.3.5. Nha phenolfomanehit
Nha phenolfomanehit l cht rn,thnh phn chnh ca nha bakelit.
Nha bakelit c tnh bn c hc cao,cch in ... nn c dng ch to
cc b phn my mc (bnh rng ca chy m,v my ...) trong t, my
bay,my in thoi...
Nha phenolfomanehit c iu ch bng cch un nng phenol vi
fomanehit ly d,xc tc bng baz.u tin to ra polime c cu to mch
6

thng,sau cc phn t mch thng ni vi nhau bi cc nhm to ra mng

khng gian.
3/ phn loi bao b cht do:
3.1/ phn loi theo hnh dng.
- hnh tr ( chai, l)

- Loi ti

- Hnh hp
7

3.2. Phn loi theo vt liu

- loi nha

- loi nilon

3.3. Phn loi theo loi nha monomer

c chia ra lm 3 loi:
Polyolefin
Polyvinyl
Polyester
a/ Nha Polyolefin
+ Monomer l olefin (alkene)
- Olefin : ethylene (CH2=CH2) > Polyethylene (PE) -(CH2 CH2)-

- Olefin : Propylene ( CH2=CH CH3)

.> Polypropylene (PP)

b/ Nha Polyvinyl
+ Monomer l vinyl
- X = Phenyl

CH2=CHX

C6H5

> Polystyren (PS)

- X=Cl

> Polyvinyl clorua (PVC)

c/ Nha Polyester
+ Monomer l este
- Ester = Amind > Polyaminde (PA)

- Ester = Ethylene terepphtalat > Polyethylene terephatalat (PET)

a/ Phn loi theo tnh cht chy

c chia lm hai loi: Nha nhit do v nha nhit rn

10

Ht nha
Gia nhit
Nha lng
nh hnh
Sn phm
Gia nhit
Chy lng
Nha nhit lng

Khng chy lng

Nha nhit rn

4/ u , nhc im ca bao b cht do.

4.1/ u im.
- C khn nng chng n mn cao, c tnh chng xuyn thm cao
- m bo kn, khng thm t, C th ghp kn bao b bng
nhit mt cch n gin.
- C th thc hin trn dy chuyn ng gi t ng vi cng cao.
- C th to dng bao b a dng v trang tr ph hp vi
tng loi thc phm
11

- C th to nhiu loi bao b trong sut v c mu chng

c bc x t ngoi
- Nh, thun li cho vn chuyn, gi thnh h, c th nhn thy sn phm
bn trong
- D gia cng v ch to cng nghip trn quy m ln, trn
c c tiu chun ho.
- Mt s vt liu cht do c th ti ch hoc ti s dng
4.2/ Nhc im:
- Mt s vt liu cht do c th ti ch hoc ti s dng
- Mt s cht do khng c kh nng ti s dng v ti ch
nn gy nhim mi trng
- mt s loi bao b khng th ti s dng nh ti nilon gy nh hng xu
ti mi trng
5/ Yu cu ca bao b cht do.
Ngoi nhng yu cu i vi bao b thc phm, bao b cht do cn phi
p ng cc yu cu sau:
+ V thc phm
- Khng gy c cho thc phm, khng lm cho thc phm bin i cht
lng, khng gy mi, mu sc l cho thc phm.
- Bn i vi tc dng ca thc phm.
- C kh nng chng thm mi, kh du m v s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt
- Chu c tc ng ca cc yu t l hc, ha hc, chu c nhit v
p sut cao.
- D gia cng,s dng, vn chuyn, bo qun tin li
- m bo chc nng bao b
+ V cm quan
- Hnh thc hp dn, thch hp vi sn phm
12

- Phi m bo hnh thi, mu sc, hng v c trng theo qui nh ca

tng loi sn phm.
- Phi c nhn hiu nguyn vn, ngay ngn, ghi r cc mc: C quan qun
ly, c s ch bin, tn mt hng, phm cp, ngy sn xut, khi lng tnh
v khi lng bao b, m s c in m bo bn chc, khng d ty xa.
+ V kinh t
-Vt liu d kim,
- R tin.

+ V mi trng
- Vt liu khng nh hng xu ti mi trng, c th ti s dng

13

Chng II

ng dng sn xut bao b cho du n Marvela

tm hiu r hn v nguyn liu sn xut cng nh cng dng,chc nng

ca bao b cht do trong thc phm chng ta cng n vi Du n Mavela
ca cng ty Du n Golden Hope_nh b

14

1/ Phng php sn xut v hnh dng bao b

1.1. Phng php sn xut chai nha
Hin nay trn th gii s dng ph bin nht hai phng php to ra cc
loi chai, thng nha l phng php thi (blowing molding) v phng
php quay (rotating molding). C hai phng php ny u cng mt mc
ich l to ra mt sn phm rng t nha nhit do. Tuy nhin, phng php
quay c th to c nhng sn phm phong ph hn so vi phng php
thi. Phng php quay c th to nhng sn phm c dung tch t 5ml n
nhng thng ln khong 38m3. Mc d hai phng php ny u to ra mt
loi sn phm nhng mi phng php c mt v tr nht nh trong ngnh
cng nghip. Phng php thi cho nhng sn phm nh, sn xut hng lot
cn phng php quay th cho nhng sn phm ln.
1.1.1. Phng php thi (blowing molding)
L phng php trong kh nn c thi vo mt ti nha do p
nha do ln b mt ca khun. y l mt phng php quan trng to
ra nhng chi tit, nhng sn phm bng cht do c thnh mng nh cc loi
chai, l v thng cha. Nhng loi c sn xut dng cho ngnh thc
phm v dc phm th i hi rt cao v cht lng.
Phng php thi c th chia thnh hai bc:
- Bc th nht l to ra mt ng nha do, hay thng gi l parison.
- Bc th hai l thi kh nn vo p nha do ln b mt trong ca
khun to thnh hnh dng theo mong mun.

15

Tu theo loi sn phm (ph thuc vo loi vt liu nha gia cng) m ta c
hai phng php thi, phng php n v phng php phun.
a) Phng php n thi (extrusion blow molding): Phng php ny
c m t bng hnh v sau:

y l mt phng cho nng sut cao. Thng thng, n c tch hp

vo mt dy chuyn sn xut nh: Thi chai sau l cho sn phm cn
ng (nc c gas hoc thuc) vo v cui cng l dn nhn. N yu cu
sn phm sau khi thi phi cng v cng cn tu thuc vo t l theo cc
phng.
b) Phng php phun thi (injection blow molding)
Nguyn l ca phng php ny c m t nh sau:

16

(1) Nha do c phun vo xung quanh cn thi

(2) Khun m ra v cn thi cng vi nha do c di chuyn t vo
khun.
(3) Kh nn c a vo, lm p nha do vo b mt khun nhm t
c sn phm c hnh dng nh mong mun.
(4) Khun m ra v sn phm c ly ra ngoi.
So vi phng php n, phng php ny cho nng sut thp hn do
chu trnh di hn. iu l gii ti sao phng php ny t c s dng
trong sn xut.
c) Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm
- Bc to ng nha do: Yu cu ca ng nha do phi c dy ph
hp. Ty theo sn phm m n c th c dy u hay lch mt pha. nu
nh bc ny iu chnh dy ca ng nha do khng hp l th sn
phm s c chiu dy khng u, thm ch c ch thiu nha s dn n chai
b thng, hoc khng t ng khi lng yu cu (qu nng hay qu nh so
vi n t hng).
- Bc thi kh nn vo khun: y cng l mt bc ht sc quan trng.
Thng thng p sut kh nn khi thi vo khun l 8 bar. Cng thy thuc
vo loi sn phm m c thi gian thi kh vo lu hay nhanh. Nu kh thi
vo khng th sn phm s khng t c hnh dng mong mun, b mt

17

sn phm b nhn, li lmi vi nhng loi sn phm ln (khong t 2

lt tr ln, sau khi thi trong khun xong, ngi ta cn thi ph thm
trnh trng hp nha co li sau khi ngui).
- Ngoi ra cng cn rt nhiu yu t nh hng n cht lng sn phm
nh: Vic ch to khun, vic lp khun ln my khng chnh xc, khun b
nghing, Nha khng sch.
- Vic xc nh chiu dy ng nha, thi gian thi, tc n ra ng nha
dou c thc hin trong qu trnh iu chnh my do loi vt liu
nha rt kh kim sot khi chuyn sang dng do v khi chuyn t dng do
sang dng rn.
d) Vt liu v sn phm ca phng php thi:
Phng php thi b gii hn trong loi nha nhit do (l loi nha khi b
gia nhit th n chuyn t dng rn sang dng do v khi thi gia nhit th n
chuyn li dng rn). Polyethylene (PE) l loi nha c s dng ph bin
nht trong phng php thi, c bit l PE mt cao (HDPE) v PE c
khi lng phn t cao (HMWPE). So vi loi PE mt thp (LDPE), khi
cn cng cao, HDPE v HMWPE cho hiu qu kinh t cao hn do thnh
ca sn phm c th lm mng hn. Mt s sn phm ca phng php thi
cn dng cc loi cht do nh polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride
(PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Cc loi bao b, chai nha c kch thc nh c s dng trong sinh hot
hng ngy l sn phm chnh ca phng php thi. Tuy nhin, khng
phi l tt c. Trong sinh hot v sn xut, ta cn cn nhng loi can, thng
c dung tch ln t vi lt n vi nghn lt nh thng xng xe t hoc v
mt s loi thuyn nh
1.1.2. Phng php quay (rotation molding):
Phng php ny s dng trng lc bn trong mt b khun quay
18

nhn c chi tit c cu trc rng. Cn c gi l motomolding, y l

mt la chn khc ca phng php thi c c cc loi sn phm c
kch thc ln. N s dng ch yu nha nhit do nhng thermosets and
elastomers ang tr nn ph bin. Rotomolding c th to c nhng chi
tit c cu trc hnh hc phc tp, c kch thc ln hn nhng c cht
lng thp hn phng php thi.
Phng php ny bao gm nhng bc sau:

(1) Mt lng bt nha nh trc c np vo trong khun.

(2) Khun sau c gia nhit ng thi quay xung quanh hai trc vung
gc vi nhau. Do , bt nha c a n tt c cc b mt bn trong ca
khun v dn dn chy ra to thnh mt lp nha do c dy bng nhau
trn b mt ca khun.
19

(3) Trong khi quay, khun c lm ngui, do lm cho nha cng li.
(4) Khun m ra v sn phm c ly ra ngoi.
Tc quay ca khun tng i chm. N s dng trng lng ca nha
ch khng phi do ly tm. iu to ra mt chi tit c dy u.
So vi hai phng php trn th khun ca phng php quay n gin hn
v r hn. Tuy nhin, chu k ca mt sn phm li lu hn, c khi ln n
10 pht mi xong mt sn phm. khc phc hn ch ny, ngi ta
thng tin hnh trn nhng my c nhiu trm, v d nh trn hnh v l
my c 3 trm lm vic.
1.1.3.Cu to ca u n nha
(hnh mang tnh minh ha, khc so vi thc t)

T hnh v ta thy qu trnh to ng nha l lin tc, khi no ht nguyn liu

th li vo phu.
Vic xc nh nhit lm do ha ht nha cng thy thuc vo loi
nha. sau y l mt v d v thit lp nhit cho u n c 5 vng nhit:

20

Trong giai on ny:

- Cn kim sot thng s nhit ca u n nha theo tng vng. Nhit
c kim sot bng h thng cp v tn nhit c b tr dc theo u
n nha. Theo di nhit bng cp nhit in.
- Cn kim sot lu lng nha n. Lu lng nha n c theo di v
kim sot bng tc quay trc vt me (do ng knh ng n nha khng
i).
Cch xc nh hai thng s ny:
1) Nhit : xc nh nhit lm do ha ht nha cng thy thuc vo
loi nha.
2) Lu lng (i vi dy chuyn sx lin tc) ph thuc:
21

- Th tch nha ca vt cn ch to.

- Tc nng nhit ca tng vng.
- Nng sut sn xut.
Thng s cho qu trnh n thi cn c bao gm:
- Thng s vn hnh my : nhit vng vt trn, nhit u n, tc
vt n, p lc u n, h khe n
- Thng s vn hnh phn khun: nhit khun, thi gian kp khun,
thi gian m khun, p lc kp khun, th lch lng khun
- Thng s vn hnh phn kh nn: nhit kh nn, m kh nn, p lc
kh nn
- Thng s vt liu: ch s chy, nhit chy mm, m nha, nhit kt
tinh,t trng, khi lng nha cho mt ln thi n vo khun.
1.1.4 Kim tra sn phm:
Thng thng cc nh sn xut cha nng lc mua cc thit b kim tra
cht lng sn phm th h ch c th kim tra bng cm quan m thi.
1 chai PET ra khun s c kim tra bng cch ct doc, ct ngang, ct bt
k ch no cm thy nha ko u hay bin sc bt thng hay nhn nhm
d l hi hi kim tra xem c bao nhiu chai nh th v li ti nguyn
cng no.
Thc ra vic thi chai PET ny ko cn san phm phi chun 99% so vi thit
k nn ch cn ging ging nguyn mu l c, min sao cht lng hnh
dng phi ng u, ko sai khc qu nhiu vi thit k l c.
Cc bc kim tra nh sau:
1. Cng nhn ct bavia s pht hin v loi nhng sn phm b li: b chy
nha, b thng, lch
2. Cn sn phm xem n c t yu cu n t hng khng?
3. Ct ngang sn phm kim tra dy ca thnh chai c u hay khng.
22

4. nc vo, ng np mt thi gian kim tra xem sp c b r r

hay khng?
5. Kim tra cc kch thc hnh hc nh chiu cao, rngbng cc dng c
nh thc kp, panme
Cc sn phm y c ly ngu nhin kim tra.
M hnh sn xut ny va r, kh nng loi sn phm li cao, li gii quyt
c vic lm cho x hi.
1.2. Hnh dng.
du n Mavela dng lng nn bao b c s dng ph bin ng

du n thng c hnh tr (chai..)

23

2. Chc nng ca bao b

24

Bao b thc phm ni chung v bao b cht do ni ring l yu t quan

trng cu thnh sn phm thc phm hon chnh.v bao b ng du n
Mavela m bo c cc chc nng c bn ca bao b,c th nh sau:.
2.1. Chc nng bo v.
Trong qu trnh bo qun v lu thng hang ha, thc phm lun b tgacs
ng bi nhiu yu t khc nhau nn d b h hng. Vi bao b ca thc
phm ng chai bng cht do n c chc nng bo v cc sn phm bn
trong khi cc tc ng
- Khng kh m, bi, v cc cht gy hi th kh d xm nhp.
- Tc ng c hc trong qu trnh bc d, vn chuyn, bo qun sn
phm khng bj trn ra ngoi (vi sn phm lng nh bia, nc ngt, du
n...) v khng b ri ra ngoi i vi cc sn phm rau qu, tht,c...v loi
bao b nay c c tnh tt.
V th bao b nha bo qun sn phm du n trnh b h hng v bo qun
trong thi gian di.
2.2. Chc nng thng tin.
Trn bao b ca tt c cc sn phm ng gi ( ng chai, ng hp) c
ghi y tt c cc thng tin cn thit v sn phm .
- Tn sn phm: du n marvela
- Ni sn xut: Cng ty du n Golden Hope Nh B.
ng G Mi, Phng Ph Nhun, Qun 7, Tp H Ch Minh, Vit
Nam. Tel: (84)8.38733005 (4lines). Fax: (84)8.38733597
- Thnh phn: Du Olein, du nnh, du ht ci, du m...
- Cng dng: chin, xo nu cc mn chay, mn, trn salad, p gia v, lm
bnh ko...

25

- Ch tiu cht lng: Ch s iod (IV), pp WiJs: 80 ti thiu, hm lng axit

bo t do (FFA) (palmitic): 0,15% ti a, khng s dng cht bo qun v
cht to mu tng hp. Sn xut theo tiu chun: TCCS 01:2010/GHNB.
- Bo qun: ni kh ro, thong mt.
- HSD/NSX: c ghi trn thn chai.
- Th tch thc: n v lt ty vo th tch chai ng.
- Biu trng c sn phm: logo doanh nghip
- M vch cc loail sn phm.
2.3. Chc nng Maketing.
Bao b khng ch c tc dng bo v sn phm m cn c vai tr xc tin
sn phm, xt t gc kinh doanh cc hnh thc ca bao b: hnh dng,
kch thc bao b, mu sc kt hp hi ha v y cc thng tinh cn
thit s to sc ht cho ngi tiu dung

VD. - Nh du Mavela

26

Ngay bn di dng ch mang tn sn phm c in trn vin mu xanh l

hnh nh mt con tm mu cun trn trn mt lp rau xanh c in trn
mt phng nn mu vng rt ni.
- Du ci ln

- Du Tng An

27

Ch Tng An c in nghieng bn cnh mt ch voi,ngay bn di l

dng ch Vn Th ni dng du n Tng An s tt cho sc khe v
khe nh voi
- Du Neptune

2.4. Chc nng s dng.

Bao b Du Mavela m bo chc nng s dung:
- D m, cha dng ht c th ng li c
- D dng ly ra bng cch m np chai v rt ra
- Bao b hnh tr va tay thun tin cho vic cm nm, s dng
- Bao b c th ti s dng lm vt dng ng cc dung dch
hoc c th ti ch lm cc sn phm khc.
2.5. Chc nng phn phi.
Bao b c tc dng phn chia thc phm thnh cc n v tiu dng,
tp hp n v tiu dng thnh n v ng gi chuyn n tay ngi
tiu dng, tp hp n v ng gi thnh cc n v vn chuyn a hng
ho n cc c s thng mi dch v.
i vi n v tiu dng: vi vic bao b c th cha lng sn phm
1lit,2lit,5lit.. rt ph hp vi vic s dng trong gia nh v kinh doanh
28

i vi n v vn chuyn; do bao b c lm t cht do cng nn

kh bn vi c hc thch hp cho vn chuyn.
i vi n v bao gi :
Kch thc ca bao b l c th ng gi 6 chai / hp
Mi bao b c trng lng khong 0,9kg. Nh vy trung bnh mi n
v bao b ng gi cha khong gn 6kg thch hp cho vic mang vc vn
chuyn.
2.6. Chc nng sn xut:
Trn dy chuyn sn xut, bao b thng b tc ng bi cc yu t k
thut: nhit , , p sut cao hoc chn khng, m ca mi trng hoc
ca sn phm, s n mn in ho, s va p c hcdo bao b m bo
hiu qu kinh t v k thut.
C bn c hc ph hp vi tnh nng k thut ca my mc thit b
trn day chuyn.
C th chu c s tc ng ca cc yu t cng ngh: p sut, nhit
, m, s n mn
2.7. Chc nng Mi Trng:
gim thiu tc ng xu n mi trng bao b du Mavela c
nhng bc tin sau:
- Bao b c lm t nha cng c kh nng ti s dng cao trong gia
nh cng nh trong cng nghip
- Mc d kh nng t phn hy km nhng b li bao b cht do li
c th c x l d dng bng cc phng php x l rc nh nghin
2.8. Chc nng vn ha:
29

Thng tin trn nhn hng cng c trnh by bng ngn ng dn tc.
Bao b thc phm thng mang nhng nt vn ho c trng cho mi doanh
nghip, cho mi vng, mi quc gia nhm gii thiu ngi tiu dng trong
nc v quc t nhng nt c o sn phm mnh lm ra. Chc nng vn
ho mang li cho sn phm thc phm c trng ring v to cho sn phm
c kh nng thng tin v marketing c o. Trn bao b ca du marvela
cung vy, c nhng hnh nh cc mn n gn gi vi ngi dn, trng bt
mt gy thin cm vi ngi tiu dng.

Chng III

Xu hng pht trin ca cng nghip bao b

Bao b c tnh ng thng xuyn thay i v vt liu i hi phng

php sn xut mi, v vy cn c thit b mi. Chu k thay i s ngy cng
nhanh v cht lng bao b s ngy cng tt hn.
30

Cc nh sn xut bao b lun cn nhc k lng lm nh th no

bao b l mt th thng nht vi sn phm bn trong v gp phn tng gi
tr ca sn phm. Khng nhng th bao b cn phi c tnh kinh t, ngha l
vi mt lng vt liu ti thiu no th c lng thnh phm l ti a.
Bao b phir va kht, qu trnh ng gi sn phm d dng, t tn thi gian,
gim thiu s mu in v t yu cu hiu qu trnh by...
Tuy vy, tng lai cng nghip bao b s phi ng u vi nhng
thch thc ln v cng ngh, l bao b phi mng hn, nh hn, an ton
hn cho mi trng, nng sut ng gi cao hn, in n p hn. Trong khi
th nguyn vt liu cho ngnh na cng ngy cng khan him, yu cu
ca khch hng i vi nh sn xut bao b ngy cng kht khe v thng
xuyn i hi cao hn, ng thi s qun l ca chnh ph ngy cng
nghim khc.
Tt c cc doanh nghip u t xu hng ct gim chi ph ln hng
u. Ngy nay chng ta khng th mong i vic gi c hot ng sn
xut kinh doanh ca mnh nu nh khng lin tc nng cao cht lng hiu
qu trong sn xut v phc v, phi tm ra cc gii php phc v tt nht,
mang li nhiu li ch nht cho khch hng.
Xem bao b nh mt cng c tip th cng l mt xu hng quan trng
m chng ta cn quan tm. Vic thay i thi quen tiu dng t mua hng
cc ca hiu nh n mua hng cc siu th cng nh hng nhiu n
thit k bao b.
Nh vy, hnh ng, v b ngoi ca bao b, thng hiu sn phm
thc s ng gp vai tr trong quyt nh mua hng. Cc nh qun l
thng hiu sn phm ngy cng nhn thc c tm quan trng ca nhn
hiu sn phm mang tnh quc t v nhn hiu mang tnh quc gia.iu ny
31

t ra yu cu cc doanh nghip sn xut bao b phi p dng cc tiu chun

quc t trong sn xut v phn phi cc sn phm bao b. Khch hng do
trng i vo cc nh sn xut s m rng bao b khng ch cung cp cho ti
ch m cn cung cp cho khu vc v ton cu.
Th trng m rng, phm vi m rng, sn phm a dng i hi khn nng
phi hp nhp nhng linh hot th y yu t con ngi li cng tr nn
quan trng v quyt nh. Mi quan h gia cc nh sn xut bao b , ngi
s dng bao b v ngi tiu dng tr nn quan trng hn lc no ht.
Cng ngh pht trin, khoa hc thay i l iu kin quan trng pht
trin sn xut, ty nhin i vi cng nghip bao b Vit Nam ch khi c s
lin kt cht ch ca cc nh sn xut trong ngnh, c cc nh hng ng
n ca cc nh qun l chin lc th mi c khn nng v ln mnh hn
na.

32

Li Kt
Ngnh cng nghip thc phm ang tng bc pht trin mnh m p
ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca con ngi.Tuy nhin s nhim mi trng
t bao b thc phm ni chung v bao b cht do ni ring ang l mt vn
nhc nhi, mt cu hi ln cho tt c chng ta. c mt mi trng
xanh- sch- p mi ngi phi c thc, cng nhau gp sc v mt th
gii trn ngp mu xanh .

33

Mc lc
Trang
Li m u

Chng 1.
34

1.

nh ngha v phn loi bao b

1.1

nh ngha

1.2

Phn loi bao b thc phm

1.2.1. Bao b kn

1.2.2. Bao b h

2.

Cht do v thnh phn cht do

2.1

nh ngha cht do

2.2

Thnh phn cht do

5
5

2.2.2. Cht ha do

2.2.3. Cht n

2.2.4. Cht ph

2.3

2.2.1. Polime

Mt s cht do c s dng trong sn xut bao b

2.3.1

Polyetilen

2.3.2

Polystiren

2.3.4

Polyvinyl Clorua

2.3.5

Polymetyl metacrylat

3.

Phn loi bao b cht do

3.1

Phn loi theo hnh dng

3.2

Phn loi theo vt liu

3.3

Phn loi theo nha monomer

4.

u, nhc im ca bao b cht do

11

4.1

u im

11

4.2

Nhc im

12

Yu cu ca bao b cht do

12

Chng 2. ng dng sn xut bao b cho du n marvela

1.

Phng php sn xut v hnh dng bao b

13
14
35

1.1

Phng php sn xut chai nha

14

1.1.1. Phng php thi (blowing moling)

14

1.1.2. Phng php quay (rotation molding)

17

1.1.3. Cu to ca u n nha

19

1.1.4. Kim tra sn phm

21

1.2

Hnh dng

22

2.

Chc nng ca bao b

23

2.1

Chc nng bo v

23

2.2

Chc nng thng tin

24

2.3

Chc nng maketing

24

2.4

Chc nng s dng

26

2.5

Chc nng phn phi

27

2.6

Chc nng sn xut

27

2.7

Chc nng mi trng

28

2.8

Chc nng vn ha

28

Xu hng pht trin ca cng nghip bao b

29

Chng 3.
Li kt

31

36

37