(Welding) 3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63002-00-D - 02R

JSC Yamal LNG
Project 3300
3300
Title:
Job Specification for Supply
Welding & NDE of Piping Shop and Field
Project
Document Number:
E Origin.
3300
Owner
YAMAL LNG
Discipline
MC
Document class
2
Contractor document number
Rev.
01R
Issue
Purpose
IFR
IFR
Revision
Description
Date
For Review
19 Dec
2013
For Review
Disc.
Doc Type
Doc No.
000
MC
SPE
63002
Sheet No. D
Lang .
00
2014
Checked
by:
Approved
by:
Welding
Engineer
Construction
Quality
Manager
Project
Technical
Manager
JM
J.GASPARROVIC
P.ROBIN
Welding
Engineer
Construction
Quality
Manager
Area Manager
J. GASPARROVIC
F. MARTIN
Originator:
J. QUERE
Julien Qur
2014.04.15
09:05:25
+02'00'
PO
Paul Chevignard
2014.04.15
09:16:53 +02'00'
3300
000
MC
SPE
63002
00
MC

2

Originator
YAMGAZ
SPE
Doc. type
Classification
Restricted
61402S-000-JSS-6300-00002
31 Mar
02R
Unit
01R
02R
IFR
IFR
YAMGAZ
SPE

61402S-000-JSS-6300-00002
19.12.
2013
31.03.
2014
JM
J.GASPARROVIC
P.ROBIN
J. QUERE
J. GASPARROVIC
F. MARTIN
Frederic Martin
2014.04.17
17:20:58
+02'00'
This document contains proprietary information and is intended for use by JSC Yamal LNG authorized personnel or companies only. The copyright of this document is vested in JSC Yamal LNG. All rights reserved. The contents
of this controlled document shall not be altered without formal approval of the document Custodian.
It is the responsibility of each user of this document to verify the current revision prior to use. The Yamal LNG Electronic Document Management System is the only JSC Yamal LNG approved source for verifying current revisions.
All revision controls and note on updates are maintained electronically through Fusion. This is governed through the following JSC Yamal LNG document control procedures.
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FUSION. .
JSC Yamal LNG
Job Specification for Supply - Welding & NDE of Piping Shop and Field
- /
Table of Contents
Rev./.
02R
1.
GENERAL
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION
SCOPE
DEFINITIONS
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
LANGUAGES
5
5
5
6
7
7
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
5
5
5
6
7
7
2.
CODES AND STANDARDS
2.
2.1
2.2
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
8
10
2.1
2.2
8
10
3.
EXCEPTION AND DEVIATIONS
11
3.
11
4.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS
11
4.
11
4.1 GENERAL
11
4.2 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL MATERIALS - ADDITIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
12
4.1
4.2

5.
FABRICATION
13
5.
13
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
BENDS
BRANCH CONNECTIONS
ORIFICE RUNS
GALVANIZED PIPING
FLANGE BOLT HOLES
SLIP-ON FLANGES
FABRICATION TOLERANCES
ATTACHMENTS
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
18
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
18
6.
WELD JOINT PREPARATION AND FIT-UP
18
6.1
6.2
6.3
CUTTING
LOCATION OF WELDS
JOINT PREPARATION
18
19
20
6.

18
Document / 3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63002-00-D
Contractor document number / : 61402S-000-JSS-6300-00002
6.1
6.2
11
12
18
19
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JSC Yamal LNG
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6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
THREADED CONNECTIONS
TACK WELDS
TEMPORARY WELDS
BRANCH CONNECTIONS
SOCKET WELDS
ATTACHMENTS
PIPE SUPPORTS
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
7.
WELDING
27
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
7.7
7.8
7.8.1
7.8.2
7.9
7.9.1
7.9.2
7.9.3
7.9.4
7.9.5
7.9.6
GENERAL
WELDING DATA BOOK
WELD KEY FORM
WELD LOG BOOK
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)
WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TESTS
General
Hardness tests
Ferrite
Impact Testing
WELDERS QUALIFICATIONS
WELDING PROCESSES
General
Requirements for specific welding process:
WELDING CONSUMABLES
General
Carbon / Low Alloy / Ferritic Steels
Austenitic Stainless Steel
Dissimilar Materials
Ferritic to Stainless Steel
Consumables Storage
27
28
28
29
29
31
31
33
35
36
37
39
39
40
44
44
47
47
48
50
51
8.
WELD REPAIRS
53
9.
PREHEATING INTERPASS TEMPERATURE HEAT INPUT
55
9.1
9.2
9.3
PREHEATING
INTERPASS TEMPERATURE
HEAT INPUT
55
56
57
Rev./.
02R
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
20
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
7.
27
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.6.1
7.6.2
7.6.3
7.6.4
7.7
7.8
7.8.1
7.8.2
7.9
7.9.1
7.9.2
7.9.3
7.9.4
7.9.5
7.9.6

//

27
28
28
29
29
31
31
33
35
36
37
39
39
40
44
44
47
47
48
50
51
8.
53
9.

9.1
55
55
Page / 3
JSC Yamal LNG
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10.
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)
57
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
PWHT REQUIREMENTS
METHODS OF HEAT TREATMENT:
TEMPERATURE RECORDING:
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURES
57
57
58
59
11.
PRODUCTION TEST COUPONS
60
12.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)
60
12.1 GENERAL
12.2 EXTENT OF NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)
12.3 NDE PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
12.4 NDE PROCEDURES
12.5 VISUAL EXAMINATION
12.6 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION (MT)
12.7 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION (PT)
12.8 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION (RT)
12.9 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION (UT)
12.10 TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION (TOFD)
60
61
66
67
67
68
69
70
73
73
13.
PRODUCTION HARDNESS TESTING
74
14.
PRODUCTION FERRITE CHECKING
75
15.
POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
76
16.
PIPING ERECTION
76
17.
SUBCONTRACTOR DOCUMENTS
82
18.
ATTACHMENT 1 : PIPING WELDING KEY FORM
84
19. ATTACHMENT 2 : MINIMUM AND PREFERED DISTANCE

BETWEEN PIPING WELDS
87
20.
ATTACHMENT 3: WELD LOG BOOK
88
02R
9.2
9.3
56
57
10.
()
57
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
57
57
58
59
11.
60
12.
()
60
12.1
12.2 ()
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6 ()
12.7 ()
12.8 ()
12.9 ()
12.10 ()
60
61
66
67
67
68
69
70
73
73
13.
74
14.
75
15.
76
16.
76
17.
82
18.
1:
84
19. 2:
87
20.
Rev./.
3:
89
Page / 4
JSC Yamal LNG
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1.
GENERAL
1.
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
This Specification defines the welding, post weld heat treatment and nondestructive examination requirements for shop, field fabrication and erection of
process and utility metallic piping within the scope of application of ASME B 31.3.
This specification is not applicable for titanium, aluminium and copper base
materials. .
This Specification supplements the Codes listed in Section 2.0, the PROJECT
Equipment Specifications, the PROJECT equipment data sheets/drawings. and
any applicable licensor specifications.
1.2
GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The present procedure defines the objectives and the strategy for the execution of
the services to be provided by the TPJC joint venture for Engineering of the
Integrated Development of South Tambey gas condensate field LNG plant JSC
YAMAL LNG project to be located in Yamal Nenets autonomous district to the
east of the Yamal Penensula, north of the Sabetta village.
1.3
SCOPE
The present procedure applies to the scope of the EPSCC CONTRACT between
JSC Yamal LNG (referenced as COMPANY) and the TPJC joint venture between
Technip and JGC (referenced as LNGPC CONTRACTOR).
The JSC Yamal LNG PLANT shall include Receiving facilities, three 5.5 MTPA
LNG train based on APCI technology, one Gas Treatment and Export train for
sales gas production, with associated Utilities and, Offsites including LNG and
condensate loading facilities. It covers all the engineering services to be
developed by LNGPC CONTRACTOR for the above contract including the
achievement of the engineering objectives stated herein after.
Rev./.
02R
,

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ASME B31.3.

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1.2

TPJC -
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JGC ( ).

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APCI,
Page / 5
JSC Yamal LNG
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Rev./.
02R
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1.4
1.4
DEFINITIONS
For clarification purposes, the definitions used in the present specification are
recalled here:
CLIENT : called COMPANY (means JSC YAMAL LNG ),
CONTRACTOR: called CONTRACTOR (means TECHNIP/JGC
JV), the party that carries out all part of the detail design,
engineering, procurement, construction, installation and commissioning of the
JSC YAMAL LNG project
VENDOR: the party which is responsible for the process design,

detail design, engineering, procurement, fabrication, testing and preparation
for shipment of the equipment / package.
SUB VENDOR : the party which carries out all part of the design,
procurement, installation and testing of the system(s) as specified by the
VENDOR (or Prime VENDOR)
MATERIAL REQUISITION : the document (document code type:MR)

in which are listed all the project procedures, specifications, data-sheets,
standards, P&ID and drawings applicable to the Package and its associated
items
PRESSURE PART: part that mechanically withstand pressure and parts

that are directly welded to them.
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Page / 6
1.5
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
02R
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
In case of conflict between documents, the following order of precedence shall

govern:
1.
PSTS extracts stated in documents enclosed in Material Requisition
2.
Russian Federation regulations, codes, norms and standards
3.
International codes, norms and standards
4.
Data Sheets enclosed in Material Requisition
5.
Narrative specification enclosed in Material Requisition
6.
This specification
7.
Project specifications and other documents enclosed in Material
Requisition
8.
Rev./.
VENDORs documentation
1.5
All exceptions to the specifications and data sheets requirements must be brought
to the attention of CONTRACTOR in writing and shall requires prior approval
before any action is taken by the VENDOR.
1. ,
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2.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7. ,

8.
Notwithstanding the here above order of precedence, in case of discrepancy

between any requirement within documents 2 to 8, the most stringent
requirement shall apply except if
a specific relaxation
is granted by
CONTRACTOR.

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1.6
LANGUAGES
This specification and any existing or future documents arising thereof are or shall
be drafted in the English language. If an additional version is drafted in the
1.6

.
Page / 7
JSC Yamal LNG
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Russian language/or in any other language, in the event of any discrepancy

between the English and Russian version or other version(s), the English version
shall always prevail.
2.
CODES AND STANDARDS
2.1
APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The following Codes and Standards, to the extent specified herein, form a part of
this Specification. Edition or revision of the regulations, codes, norms and
standards current on the 1st of April 2013 shall apply. In case of new edition or
revision of the above mentioned documents, VENDOR shall inform
CONTRACTOR immediately.
Rev./.
02R

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2.
2.1

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- (ASME)
(ASME) AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
II, C
Section II, Part C
Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
Section V
Non-destructive Examination
IX
Section IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
B31.3
B31.3 Process Piping

(ASNT) AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING:
SNT-TC-1A
Recommended Practice for Non-destructive Testing Personnel
Qualification and Certification

(ASNT)
SNT-TC-1A

Page / 8
JSC Yamal LNG
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(ASTM) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS:

A 833 Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Comparison Hardness
Testers
E 110 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by
Portable Hardness Testers
E 140 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals
E 23 Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic
Materials
Rev./.
02R

(ASTM)
A833

E110

E140
E23

(AWS)
(AWS) AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY:
D 18.2 Guide to Weld Discoloration Levels on Inside of Austenitic Stainless Steel
Tube
A3.0
Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
D 10.10 Recommended Practices for Local Heating of Welds in Piping and Tubing
A4.2 Standard Procedure for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the
Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel
Weld Metal
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
D18.2

A3.0
D10.10
A4.2
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EN 1043-1
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Hardness testing
- Part 1 : Hardness test on welded joints
EN 1043-1
.
. 1.
EN 10204
EN 10204
Metallic Products - Types of Inspection Documents
.
Page / 9
JSC Yamal LNG
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EN ISO 11699-1
Classification of film for industrial radiography
EN ISO 9712
(former EN 473):
Qualification and Certification of NDT personnel.
EN 719 Welding coordination -Tasks and responsibilities

EN ISO 11699-1
Classification of film for industrial radiography
EN ISO 11699-1
ISO 8249:
Welding - Determination of Ferrite Number (FN) in austenitic and
duplex ferritic-austenitic Cr-Ni stainless steel weld metals
02R
EN ISO 9712
( EN 473):

EN 719
EN ISO 11699-1
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)
Rev./.
(ISO)
ISO 8249
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(PFI)
PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE (PFI)

ES-3
ES-3
2.2
2.2
Fabricating Tolerances
PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
The following PROJECT Specifications shall be used with their amendments:
61402S-000-3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63003-00
Positive Material Identification
61402S-000-JSS-6300-00003
61402S-000-3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63003-00 /

61402S-000-3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63004-00
Certification and marking of material
61402S-000-JSS-6300-00004
61402S-000-3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63004-00 / 61402S-000-JSS-6300-00004

61402S-000-JSS-6300-00003
Page / 10
3.
JSC Yamal LNG
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EXCEPTION AND DEVIATIONS
3.
Rev./.
02R
Exceptions to and deviations from International Codes and Standards and/or this
specification shall not be implemented without written approval from the
CONTRACTOR.
/

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4.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS
4.
4.1
GENERAL
4.1
All piping components and pipe spools shall be stored and handled in
such a manner that no damage or mixing of materials can occur.
Materials shall be stored on skids and not on the ground.
Valves shall be stored with spindles in the vertical position. OS&Y Gate
and Globe valves should be partly open, two hand wheel turns from fully
open. Valves shall be in a clean area protected from dust, dirt, moisture
and direct solar radiation. Relief valves shall be stored upright in a clean
area away from construction activity. End caps on all valves shall remain
in place until valves are installed.
All flanges and flanged connections shall be kept sealed at all times with
covers to prevent damage or ingress of moisture and foreign matter until
final bolted connections are made. Threaded ends shall be plugged and
sealed with tape.
End caps shall be kept on piping components and pipe spools at all times
to prevent ingress of moisture and foreign matter and shall be replaced
immediately if lost or damaged, until the piping components or pipe spools
are welded into their final location.
Partly erected piping components and spools shall be protected at all
times from ingress of moisture or foreign matter by covering and where
necessary, by taping.
Where taping is required, tape shall be 3M Scotch Brand No. 471, or
approved alternative that will not contain products potentially harmful for
material.
Procedures for the preservation and storage of piping materials shall be
prepared by Subcontractor and approved by CONTRACTOR.
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4.2
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL MATERIALS - ADDITIONAL

REQUIREMENTS
Stainless steel pipe components and pipe spools shall be stored, handled,
preserved and controlled to the satisfaction of CONTRACTOR.
Stainless steel piping components and spools shall be stored on nonmetallic or protected skids.
Care shall be taken to avoid direct contact of stainless steel with carbon
steel during transportation, storage and erection.
Steel wire slings shall not be used for handling and transportation of
stainless steel pipes, however, Subcontractor may use canvas or nylon
strap slings. Wide canvas slings (500mm minimum) shall be used for
lifting or handling any pipework that has been insulated.
The surface of all stainless steel components shall be kept free of foreign
materials such as grease, oil, paint, dirt, tape, ink, chalk and crayon
marks. Only marks made with CONTRACTOR approved marking
materials are acceptable. If ingress of foreign materials has occurred
including water or condensation from the air, the piping components shall
be cleaned immediately and the open ends resealed.
Where contamination by foreign materials described in above paragraph
has occurred the surface of stainless steel components may be cleaned
with acetone, if no crevices exist in the surface of the component. The
component shall then be rinsed with demineralised water. Where ingress
of water or condensation from the air has occurred, the component shall
be thoroughly rinsed with demineralised water. Only demineralised water
supplied or approved by the CONTRACTOR shall be used.
Stainless steel piping and components shall be stored in separate areas
away from storage areas for carbon steel and other materials.
4.2
02R
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JSC Yamal LNG
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Direct contact of stainless steel piping components with carbon steel

materials shall be avoided at all times.
Only stainless steel clamps (or Carbon Steel/Tico lined) and U-bolts (or
Carbon Steel/PTFE clad) shall be used for supporting stainless steel
piping.
Stainless steel spacer strips of adequate size approved by Contractor
shall be securely installed in areas where stainless steel piping
temporarily rests on carbon steel supports.
Subcontractor shall take all precautions to protect stainless steel piping
from contact with zinc from nearby cutting or welding operations on
galvanised pipe or galvanised structures.
Rev./.
02R
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5.
FABRICATION
5.
5.1
BENDS
5.1
As the project consists of low temperature carbon steel and stainless steel,
bending is not permitted.
,
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5.2
5.2
BRANCH CONNECTIONS
Branch connections shall be made in accordance with Project specifications
Page / 13
JSC Yamal LNG
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All welded branch connections shall be joined with full penetration welds.
Branch connection joints shall be prepared so as to permit full penetration welds
of a quality comparable to the circumferential welds in the same piping system.
When making the opening on the run pipe by plasma arc-cut, cut surface shall be
ground back and special care shall be taken for the internal cleanliness of run
pipe. For stainless steel piping, internal protection shall be required during
plasma-arc cutting of branch opening from arc spatter, slags, etc.
5.3
ORIFICE RUNS
Orifice runs shall not contain welds except at the flanges. Pipe ends at orifice
flanges shall be machine-cut and perpendicular to the pipe axis.
Welds at the orifice flanges shall be ground smooth inside. Pipe-tap connections
shall be drilled through the pipe wall and be smooth inside. Orifice flanges shall be
drilled and tapped for jack screws.
5.4
GALVANIZED PIPING
Galvanized piping shall not be bent and preferably not welded. Piping required to
be welded shall be regalvanized after fabrication and after having removed
damaged galvanizing.
5.5
FLANGE BOLT HOLES
Where not shown otherwise, flange boltholes shall straddle the vertical centrelines
of the pipe where the flange is installed vertically, and the north - south line where
the flange is installed horizontally.
Rev./.
02R
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5.3
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5.4
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5.5
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Rev./.
02R
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5.6
SLIP-ON FLANGES
Slip-on flanges, when permitted, shall be double welded and vented though the
hub with a 3mm diameter pre-drilled vent hole. The flanges shall be positioned so
that the distance from the face of the flange to the pipe shall be about equal to the
nominal pipe wall thickness plus 3 mm. The welds shall be applied in a manner
that will not require re-facing of the flange.
5.7
FABRICATION TOLERANCES
PIPING CONTRACTOR is responsible for fabricated dimensions that agree with

piping drawings and applicable codes.
Where not otherwise specified, dimensional tolerances shall conform to those
shown in table 1
All angular dimensions of bends and branches shall be maintained within + 1
degree.
5.6
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5.7

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1.

+1 .
Page / 15
JSC Yamal LNG
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Table 1 Dimensional tolerance

Criteria
Tolerance
1

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1,5 = 1,5
Indicated dimensions for face to face, centre to

face, location of branches, attachments, etc.(1)
Less than 1.5 meters = 1.5 mm
Pipe flattening measured as difference between

the max; and Min. diameter at the ross section
8%
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Lateral translation of branch or connections
3 mm
Rotation of flanges (bolt holes) from the indicated

position, measured as shown
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Straightness of a finished spool, over the

specified length
For flange face alignment (2)
(2)
Misalignment (3)
02R
1.
Rev./.
1.5 meters and longer = 3 mm
1.5 mm measured across

the bolt circle.
0.2%, measured
from end to end
8in = 1 mm
1,5 = 3
8%
3
1,5

.
0,2%

8 = 1
8in - 20in = 1.5 mm
8 20 = 1.5
24in - 36in = 2.5 mm
24 36 = 2.5
36in = 3 mm
36 = 3
150 NPS (6in) = 1 mm
(3)
200-300 NPS (8in - 12in) = 2 mm

(NPS) 150 (6 ) = 1

(NPS) 200-300 (8-12 ) =
2
300 NPS (12in) = 2.5 mm

(but not to exceed 10% of wall
thickness)

(NPS) 300 (12 ) = 2,5
( 10% )
Note:
:
(1) These tolerances apply to each stated drawing dimension
and are not cumulative.
(1)
.
(2) However, when branches are in the same plane their

flange facings shall not deviate by more than the same value
from each other
(2) ,
,
.
(3) Misalignment should be minimised wherever possible by

Page / 16
J
JSC
Yamal LNG
G
Job S
Specification for
f Supply - Welding & NDE of Piping Shop
p and Field

-
/
rotating th
he pipe/fitting for best fit whilst
Document
D
/ 3300-E
E-000-MC-SPE-63002
2-00-D
Contractor
C
documentt number /
: 61402S-000-JSS-6
6300-00002
Rev./.
02R
(3)

,

, /
Page /
/
17
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
Process shall be submitted to CONTRACTOR for acceptance prior to use.
,
,
.
:
Considered as a repair and noted as such in the welding data book.
100% controlled by RT and DP or MT
Hydrotest of the spool shall be performed again
100%
.
Out of alignments of flange, noted during spooling site erection, can be rectified by
using of GTAW process. In this case, they shall to follow the below requirements:
Heat straightening is not allowed.
.
5.8
5.8
ATTACHMENTS
Attachments, such as supports, braces, lugs, and T-bars will normally by installed
in the field. Fabricated pipe requiring preheating or post weld heat treatment shall
have shop welded pads or stubs, to which field welds can be made where
attachments are required. In such a case, the pads or stubs welds to the pipe shall
receive the required heat treatment in the shop.
, , ,
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.
6.
6.
WELD JOINT PREPARATION AND FIT-UP
6.1
6.1
CUTTING
Weld joint preparation may be performed by machining, grinding or by flame or

plasma cutting guided torches. Any other process shall be submitted to
CONTRACTOR for acceptance prior to use.
/ .
.
For P-No.6 and higher base materials only plasma or mechanical cutting shall be
allowed.
P, 6 ,
.
Page / 18
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Materials that require preheat for welding shall be preheated in the same manner
for thermal cutting or air arc gouging.
Weld joint preparation for carbon steels or steels containing more than 0.5 percent
chromium shall be machined or ground back to sound metal if they are flame or
plasma cut. At least 2 mm of metal shall be removed.
Gas cutting is only accepted on non-galvanized carbon steel materials.
In gas cutting, the cutting flame shall be so adjusted and manipulated as to avoid
cutting beyond the prescribed lines. The roughness of gas cut surfaces and
occasional notches on edges shall be removed by machining or grinding; cut
surfaces and edges shall be left free of slag. For stainless steel piping, internal
protection shall be required during plasma-arc cutting of branch opening from arc
spatter, slag, etc.
Cutting shall be performed perpendicularly to the piping component centreline
unless otherwise indicated on the drawings. Cutting shall be made with suitable
allowance taken into account for shape of connections and shrinkage due to
cutting and welding. Before cutting, markings shall be reproduced on each of the
cut part of materials as specified in project specifications.
Special care shall be taken to remove internal burrs resulting from cutting,
especially on pipes equal to or less than 2 inches in diameter.
Rev./.
02R
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6.2
LOCATION OF WELDS
Distance between two successive girth butt welds shall be in accordance with
Attachment 2 (Minimum and preferred distance between piping welds)
Attachments of non-pressure parts by welds which cross existing main welds or
6.2

2 (
).
Page / 19
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
for which the minimum nominal distance between the toe of the attachment weld
and the toe of existing main welds or branch welds is less than the smaller of
twice the thickness of the pressure parts or 40 mm, should be avoided.
All longitudinal weld seams shall preferably be located on the upper half of the
pipe when the piping system is erected. Two successive longitudinal weld seams
shall be staggered by four time the pipe wall thickness or 50 mm, whichever is
greater between toes of adjacent welds and preferably 90 degrees minimum.
Welds of branch connections openings and attachments shall not overlap main
seam welds or interfere with welds of other attachments, unless impracticable and
agreed upon with CONTRACTOR
6.3
JOINT PREPARATION
Rev./.
02R

, ,

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.

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50 ,
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,
.
All weld joint preparation details shall be in accordance with ASME B 31.3 Figures
328.4.2 to 4.4 and Figures 328.5 and piping Construction Standards.
6.3
Permanent backing rings and consumable inserts shall not be used unless
specifically accepted by CONTRACTOR.

ASME B31.3, . 328.4.24.4 328.5,
.
The ends of piping components to be joined shall be aligned as accurately as is

practicable within specified tolerances on diameter, wall thickness, and out-ofroundness. Radial misalignment at the joining ends of piping components shall be
limited to 3 mm or 0.25 times the pipe wall thickness whichever is less. The
misalignment shall be evenly distributed along the circumferential joint. Where the
internal misalignment between piping components exceeds 1.5 mm, the
component with the wall extending internally shall be trimmed in accordance with
ASME B 31.3, paragraph 328.4.3. Where pipe fittings require machining internally
to compensate for different wall thicknesses, the pipe/fitting to be machined shall
be carefully checked for roundness, and corrected using power jacks as
necessary, prior to machining.

, .

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, .

3
, .
.

Page / 20
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
However, the resulting thickness of the welded joint shall not be less than the
minimum design thickness plus corrosion allowance of the pipe.
Defective or damaged weld ends (bevels) shall be examined by CONTRACTOR's
inspector in order to determine the nature and extent of damage. Weld repairs
shall not be made on weld preparations of pipe or fittings without permission from
CONTRACTOR. Use of hot or cold hammering as a means for repair is prohibited.
Slip-on flanges shall be double welded. Slip-on flanges shall be positioned so that
the end of the pipe is recessed from the flange face, a distance equal to the lesser
of pipe wall thickness or 6.4mm, plus 3mm. Seal welding shall be carefully
applied in order to avoid re-facing the flange.
Because of the possibility of seat distortion or spark damage due to welding,
Subcontractor shall ensure that valves are in the near-open position (2 handwheel
turns from open) prior to commencement of welding. This is applicable to all
welded valve types and sizes except check valves
To avoid possible damage to valve seats or seals due to arcing across the seat of
the valve during welding, the Subcontractor shall ensure that there are no in-line
valves (flanged or welded) between the earth connection and the welding location
Pipes for insertion in slip-on flanges and for socket weld joints shall be cut square,
within 0.5mm. Special care shall be taken with socket welding connections to
ensure correct insertion length per ASME B31.3 Figure 328.5.2C.
The location of final closure welds is subject to CONTRACTOR approval
All Olets shall be fully welded in accordance with Vendors recommendations.
Special care shall be taken when welding Olets to thin wall pipe. Vendors welding
procedures shall be strictly adhered to
For piping over 900# and piping in vibratory service, the maximum internal
misalignment shall be < 1 mm.
Grinding wheels and wire brushes used on austenitic or other higher nickel shall
not have been previously used on carbon or low alloy steels, copper alloys,
aluminium or zinc coatings (paint or galvanizing).
Grinding wheels and wire brushes shall be used only for a single type of material.
Rev./.
02R
1,5 ,
ASME B31.3, . 328.4.3.

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Page / 21
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Only austenitic stainless steel wire brushes shall be used on austenitic

Grinding discs containing sulphur (iron sulphate) or other harmful components
shall not be used on stainless steel.
Rev./.
02R

ASME B31.3, . 328.5.2C.

.

.
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.
900# ,
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1 .

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6.4
THREADED CONNECTIONS
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Unless otherwise specified, all threads shall be in accordance with ASME B1.20.1.
6.4
All threaded connections shall be gauge-checked or chased after welding or heat

treatment. Subcontractor shall verify thread engagement in accordance with
ASME B1.20.1
, ASME B1.20.1.
Inside ends of threaded pipes shall be deburred by reaming.

Threaded connections shall not be seal welded, .excepted approved by
CONTRACTOR prior to use

.
, ASME
B1.20.1.

.
Page / 22
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Threaded joints in piping system shall be made-up using Teflon pipe tape installed
on the male thread. Teflon tape quality and composition shall be approved by
CONTRACTOR prior to use.
6.5
TACK WELDS
Tack welds on roots which will be part of production welds shall be made with the
same WPS-PQR as for production weld. Tack welds shall be performed by a
qualified welder. The edge of tack welds on the root should be suitably dressed to
fuse with the root pass weld, except that those which have cracked shall be
removed by grinding.
Bridge tacks outside the groove or inside the groove but not on the root shall be
subject to acceptance by CONTRACTOR with a procedure such as bridge piece
material tack welded to base metal of run pipe or branch pipe.
In case of bridge tack outside the groove, magnetic particle or dye penetrant
examination shall be carried out after removal of bridge piece.
The usage of bridge pieces shall be minimized.
TEMPORARY WELDS
Temporary welds for temporary handling attachments, lugs, etc... shall be

minimized. When temporary welding is deemed necessary, welding shall be
performed with the same care, materials, electrodes, minimum preheat and
qualified welding procedures as for the main fabrication welding.
The temporary welds shall subsequently be removed and ground flush with the
base material, and then inspected by magnetic particle of liquid penetrant
02R
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6.5
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6.6
Rev./.
.
6.6
, . .
. ,

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Page / 23
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
examination.
, .
Any defect found during this inspection shall be removed and repaired by a
qualified welding procedure. The method of removing attachments shall not injure
the metal surface (i.e. they shall not be removed by hammering off).

,
.
,
.
(. .
).
6.7
BRANCH CONNECTIONS
Branch connections shall be made in accordance with Project specifications.
6.7
Branch connection joints shall be prepared so as to permit full penetration welds

of a quality comparable to the circumferential welds in the same piping system.
Branch reinforcement shall be indicated on isometric drawings. Reinforcement

material shall be made from pipe materials as specified by the relevant piping
class and subject to the same specification requirements as the piping to which it
is attached

,
.
All reinforcement pads for pressure openings, or each segment of built-up type
reinforcement pads for pressure openings, shall be provided with a inch (6mm)
hole for venting. Vent hole shall be sealed with grease to prevent ingress of
moisture after welding and testing. Type of grease shall be chloride free and
approved by CONTRACTOR
When making the opening on the run by plasma arc-cut, care shall be taken as to
the internal cleanliness of run pipe. For stainless steel piping, internal protection
shall be required during plasma-arc cutting of branch opening from arc spatter,
slag, etc.
Branch connections, vent nozzles, trunnions and other attachments including
reinforcing pads shall not be welded over or near longitudinal or circumferential
welds in the piping. The minimum distance from a longitudinal or circumferential
weld shall be 50mm min. measured between the heat-affected zones, or 4 X
nominal wall thickness, whichever is greater. For reinforcing pads the minimum
distance measured between the heat-affected zones of the weld in the pipe and
the fillet weld of the pad shall be 25mm min. In the event that these restrictions are
.

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Page / 24
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
impossible to achieve in a particular circumstance, CONTRACTOR shall be

informed.
The subcontractor shall be responsible for locating all field welds and field fit
welds to ensure construction feasibility between equipment, pipe-racks, branch
connections, out of alignment flanges or welded mating joins to plant items. Pipe
supporting and all the eventualities to make a correctly fitting piping system are all
within the scope of the subcontractors work. It must be noted that where
isometrics show field fit welds, the subcontractor shall install the top and bottom
pre-fabricate spools before they site measure between field welds, prior to
cutting/bevelling the closure straight pipe spool.
Where reinforcing pads are used, all non-destructive testing, whether magnetic
particle inspection or dye penetrant inspection will be completed on the branch
welds before the installation of the reinforcing pad
Rev./.
02R
.

50

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6.8
SOCKET WELDS
The pipe for socket welding shall be square cut.

For joint fit-up of socket welds a special designed contraction rings (such as Gapa-Let rings) may be used at the joint bottom to ensure minimum gap after
welding.
Use of cellulose or other spacers require prior CONTRACTOR acceptance
6.8
.

(, Gap-a-Let)

.
A minimum gap of 1.6 mm shall exist between the pipe and the socket after
Page / 25
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
welding. The maximum gap after welding shall be 3.0 mm.
Rev./.
02R

.

1,6 . 3,0 .
6.9
ATTACHMENTS
Non pressure attachments are to be installed in the shop to the maximum extent
possible. Fabricated pipe requiring field post weld heat treatment shall have shop
welded pads or stubs, to which field welds can be made where attachments are
required. In such a case, the pads or stubs welds to the pipe shall receive the
required heat treatment in the shop.
6.9

. ,
,
, .
.

.
6.10 PIPE SUPPORTS

Subcontractor shall install all supports, anchors, guides and other support
attachments in accordance with details indicated on the drawings. Subcontractor
shall fabricate pipe supports where requested by Contractor.
All fabricated pipe supports shall have welding preparations in accordance with
ASME B31.3
Completed fabricated supports shall be clearly identified. The identification shall
include the unit number, support number and other information to enable field
supervision to identify the support member.
All support welding and attachment welding to piping components shall be
performed by competent qualified welders who have passed the applicable
Qualification Test. All attachment welds shall be welded by qualified welders in
accordance with an appropriate welding procedure approved for the piping class
All attachment welds shall conform to the configurations depicted in ASME B31.3
(fillet and attachment welds) Chapter V, Section 328. Fillet weld sizes shall
conform to ASME B31.3, Chapter V, Section 328.5.4 and dimensional sketches
The use of temporary supports during erection of permanent piping systems shall
be subject to approval by Contractor. All temporary supports shall be removed.
6.10
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ASME B31.3.
.
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Page / 26
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Concrete foundations used for temporary supports may remain providing they do
not protrude above ground. Retention of any concrete foundations shall be subject
to approval by CONTRACTOR.
Rev./.
02R
ASME B31.3 (
), V, 328.
ASME
B31.3, V, 328.5.4, .

.
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- .
7.
WELDING
7.1
GENERAL
All butt joints shall be full penetration welded using at least two passes, unless
otherwise indicated on the accepted drawings.
Threaded olets shall be seal welded, where the weld metal shall cover all exposed
threads.
No pass shall be commenced until the preceding pass has been completed.
7.
7.1

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Weld passes shall not start or stop at the same point.
.
.
Welding shall not be stopped before the second pass is completed, and until the
thickness of the weld is at least equal to one third of the pipe wall thickness.
Where possible, butt welds may be made from both sides, in accordance with
accepted welding procedures. In such cases, the backside of the root pass shall
be ground or gouged to sound metal before welding on that side.
Peening is not permitted. Pneumatic cleaning of slag is not considered as

peening.
For the stainless steel, the roughness (Ra) after grinding shall be below 0.5 m
All fillets (including those for slip-on flanges) and socket welds shall be made with
two passes minimum unless otherwise agreed by the CONTRACTOR.
No welding shall be carried out when the parts to be welded are wet.
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Page / 27
JSC Yamal LNG
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Rev./.
02R
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7.2
WELDING DATA BOOK
7.2
A cover sheet with title block dedicated to the Project.

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A Weld Key Form.
The PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit a detailed welding data book to the
CONTRACTOR at the time of WPS/PQR submittal. Fabrication shall not start until
the welding data book is returned with an agreement to proceed. The welding data
book shall include, as a minimum, the following documents:
A welding map (or sample of fabricator welding map used for welding and
NDE traceability)
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS).
Procedure Qualification Records (PQR).
NDT requirements.
7.3
WELD KEY FORM
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7.3
The weld key form shall provide on matrix table the list of all WPS intended to be
used with the following information:

,
, :
Supporting PQR and qualification range (thickness range, PWHT as

Page / 28
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
appropriate)
Welding process
Welding consumables brand name and designation
List of the piping classes covered by each WPS
Post Weld Heat Treatment requirement
Parent material grade to be welded
Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)
Preheat temperatures
Welding Key form shall link applicability of each WPS to each piping classes.
Suggested Weld Key Form in Attachment 1 may be used by PIPING
SUBCONTRACTOR or PIPING SUBCONTRACTORs own forms provided all
information listed above is included.
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Rev./.
02R
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7.4
7.4
WELD LOG BOOK
Weld log shall be filled in a table, as per attachment 3, and attached to the
Technical Passport of the piping system.

3
.
7.5
7.5
WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS)
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) and their supporting Procedure

Qualification Records (PQRs) shall conform to the requirements of ASME Section
IX and to the requirements of this specification.

ASME,
IX, .

Page / 29
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Welding Procedure Specifications and Procedure Qualification Records shall be

submitted to the CONTRACTOR: prior to the start of fabrication. Welding shall not
proceed until these documents are returned to the CONTRACTOR: with
agreement to proceed.
All Welding Procedure Specifications and Procedure Qualification Records for
piping systems subcontracted by the PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall be
reviewed by the PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR for content and contract compliance
prior to submittal to the CONTRACTOR. Each WPS shall be identified by a unique
number and shall make reference to the applicable piping classes.
PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR may use its own WPS forms provided that complete
welding data defined in ASME IX forms QW 482, and following information are
included:
a.
Welding process or processes when more than one is used in making a
complete joint.
Rev./.
02R
.

,
,

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.

,
QW-482 ASME IX,
:
b.
Parent metal specification and thickness.
c.
Pipe diameter range.
a.
,
.
d.
Whether shop or field welding.
b.
e.
Joint preparation including allowable tolerances (sketch).
c.
f.
Cleaning, degreasing, etc.
d.
g.
Welding position (including direction for vertical position).
e.
, ().
h.
Weaving limitation (max 3 time of electrode diameter)
f.
, . .
i.
Brand name, AWS classification and size (diameter) of welding
consumables.
g.
(
).
j.
Pre-heating and Inter-pass temperature, including method of heating and
method of temperature measurement.
h.
(
)
k.
Travel speed (automatic welding).
l.
Run Out Length for manual welding according ASME IX QW-409.1 (b) (2)
for all cases
i.
, AWS ()
.
j.
,
Page / 30
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
m.
Approximate number and arrangement of runs and weld dimensions
(sketch).
n.
Welding sequence.
o.
Back gouging if applicable
p.
Tack-welding requirements
q.
Shielding gas(es) with percent composition (mixtures), flow rate
(liter/minute), backing gas composition and flow rate (liter/minute) and size of gas
cup to be used.
r.
P.W.H.T. requirements including the detailed cycle of heat treatment,
heating rate cooling rate, holding time and temperature. The equivalent heat
treatment cycle shall be shown on the PQR.
s.
When welding quenched and tempered steels or materials requiring
impact testing the heat input in conjunction with the minimum/maximum interpass temperatures shall be restricted to the values shown in the supporting PQR
as specified 6.
t.
Supplementary essential variables shall be specified when impact tests
are required.
Rev./.
02R
.
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l.
ASME IX QW409.1 (b) (2) .
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7.6
WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION TESTS
7.6.1 General
All welding procedure qualification tests shall be witnessed and certified by an
7.6
7.6.1

Page / 31
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Independent internationally
CONTRACTOR.
recognized
inspection
agency
acceptable
to
Some acceptable inspection agencies are as follows:

- American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
- Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
- Germanischer Lloyd
- Lloyds Register of Shipping
- Stoomwezen
- TV
Rev./.
02R
, .
:
- (ABS)
- (DNV)
-
-
- Stoomwezen,
- TV ( )
- APAVE ( )
- APAVE
- Bureau Veritas
- Institut de soudure / ASAP
Any other agencies not listed above will require CONTRACTOR prior acceptance.
For power piping, PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR holding a valid ASME B31.1 code
stamp may be authorized to qualify by himself the Welding Procedure
Qualification at CONTRACTOR discretion.
Non-impact tested procedures shall be qualified in 6G position to qualify all
positions, unless welding in production is limited to 1G (or Rotated) position, in
which case qualification may be run in 1G (or Rotated) position
Impact tested procedures shall be qualified in 2G and 5G position to qualify all
positions, unless welding in production is limited to 1G (or Rotated) position, in
which case qualification may be run in 1G (or Rotated) position.
Shop welding procedure qualification for site application may be acceptable
provided sites machine and associated equipment are identical to the one used
for qualification.
Welding procedures shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of
ASME IX supplemented by macro hardness survey, Brinell testing, impact testing
and ferrite measurements when required by code or here under:
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2G 5G , ,
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Page / 32
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
,
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ASME IX. ,
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7.6.2 Hardness tests
7.6.2
For any welds requiring Post Weld Heat Treatment, welding procedure
qualifications shall be subject to hardness testing as follows:
,
,
, .
The hardness survey shall be performed on weld macro cross section according
to the Vickers hardness test method defined in EN 1043-1, under 10 kg load, API
582 or other standards accepted by CONTRACTOR: .
The series of readings shall include unaffected base material (BM), Heat Affected
Zone (HAZ), Weld Metal (WM).
The hardness survey on weld macro cross section shall be performed along two
traverses parallel to the outer and inner surfaces of the base material and located
at 1 to 2 mm maximum inside them. A hardness survey in both heat affected
zones along a line parallel to each fusion line is required.
Indentations shall be in the HAZ at a maximum of 0.3 mm from the fusion line
bordering the two last layers. Hardness survey shall be done below outer and
inner surfaces of the weld,
Along traverses 3 indentations, equally spaced (1 mm), shall be made in the weld
metal, in both HAZ (Heat Affected Zones) and both base metals.
Photo macrographs showing the indent locations shall be submitted with the PQR.
The maximum hardness shall not exceed the following values:

, EN 1043-1 ( 10 ),
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Page / 33
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
() .
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,
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:
TABLE 2: MAXIMUM HARDNESS VALUES (HV10)

Material group according
ASME IX
P-Nos.1
P-No. 1 (H2, Amine, H2S,

HF, caustic services,)
In PWHT condition
275
210
Without
PWHT
Not required
Not
applicable
When the qualification test has been welded in the 5 G or 6 G positions, the macro
cross section for hardness test shall be removed from approximately the 6 and 12
o'clock positions.
A welding procedure qualification test performed on P Number 1 Group 1 material
shall not qualify for welding P Number 1 Group 2 material.
PQR shall include also surface Brinell hardness test on weld metal, HAZ and base
material as per the same test method, which will be used during production as per
Section 11.
a) In the event where existing PQR have been made without hardness survey, a
pipe coupon welded with the same welding variables as the PQR shall be carried
out for hardness test survey, before beginning of production. With reference to
2.
(HV10)

ASME IX
P = 1
275
210
P = 1 (

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5G 6G,
6 12 .
P =
1 1-
P = 1 2- .

,
,
11.
Page / 34
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
6.5.1, this shall be witnessed and certified by and Independent Inspection Agency.
b) Each new PQR shall include a hardness survey as described above.
Rev./.
02R
a)
, ,
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.
. 6.5.1,
.
b)
, .
7.6.3 Ferrite
7.6.3.1 Austenitic stainless Steel
Except otherwise specified by Licensor, Ferrite Number (FN) shall be checked in
PQR by ferrite tester in the following cases:
When equipment will be subject to PWHT over the temperature of 350C
When operating temperature is equal or exceed 350C

Ferrite Number (FN) shall be checked by means of portable ferriscope or
equivalent portable ferrite tester. Values shall be 3-10 FN (with a maximum range
of 3-12 FN).
The ferrite tester shall be calibrated on standard samples having certified ferrite
content between 2 and 15 FN in accordance with AWS A4.2.
7.6.3
7.6.3.1
,

(),
:

350 C
350 C
()

. 3-10 (
3-12).

2 15 AWS A4.2.
7.6.3.2 Austenitic stainless Steel with MDMT<-104C
7.6.3.2 <-104 C
Cryogenic service is defined as any service below minus 104C.
,
104 C.
The trade name and manufacturer of welding consumable shall be considered as

essential variable for PQR.

Page / 35
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Qualification shall be performed with the position leading to highest heat input
(5G). This heat input shall be considered as maximum for WPS.
Impact test shall be carried out on the qualification in weld metal and heat affected
zone (sets of three specimens). Test temperature shall be -196C or MDMT
whichever is lower. Minimum values as detailed in Table 3. Lateral expansion
shall be reported on certificate and value shall be minimum 0.38 mm.
Ferrite Number (FN) shall be measured with ferrite tester as and reported on
PQR. Value shall not exceed 7 FN. To achieve this value, low ferrite welding
consumables shall be selected.
Rev./.
02R
,
(5G).
.

( ).
-196 C
, .
3.
, 0,38 .
()
.
7.

.
7.6.4 Impact Testing

Impact tests shall be performed in accordance with ASME B 31.3 Table 323.3.1.
The location of impact test specimens shall be in accordance with ASME
requirement.
Minimum value shall be 27J for carbon steel and stainless steels unless higher
energy is required by code. Test shall be performed on three samples.
For Carbon steel, the test temperature shall be -50C or lower, if specified by
code.
Impact test specimen shall be type A Charpy V notch conforming ASME B31.3,
323.3.3
When required and in case of welding process combination, one set of impact test
7.6.4
ASME B 31.3,
. 323.3.1.

ASME.

27 , ,
.
.
-50 C
, .
A V ASME B31.3, . 323.3.3.
, ,
Page / 36
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
specimen shall be machined in each group of passes performed with one same
welding process.
WELDERS QUALIFICATIONS
Welders and welding operators shall be qualified by radiographic examination in

accordance with ASME Section IX, prior to fabrication by an Independent
internationally recognized inspection agency acceptable to CONTRACTOR: as
specified in 7.5.1.
Existing equivalent qualifications made under the provisions of the code of the
country where piping components are manufactured, such as the European Norm
EN 287-1/2, may be acceptable to CONTRACTOR: provided that the relevant
qualification is certified by Independent internationally recognized inspection
agency.
In addition to ASME qualification, all welders involved in the welding of stainless
steels and nickel alloys materials must be fully familiar and knowledgeable in the
welding technology of these materials. All welders shall pass an examination of
competence to demonstrate their ability to weld materials P-No.4 and higher with
adequate backing gas protection.
Additionally the first two production welds produced by each welder or welding
operator shall be 100% radiographed.
PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit to the review of CONTRACTOR:a
training, and examination program of qualification of all welders and foremen
assigned in the welding and repairs of stainless steels and nickel alloys piping
materials.
Qualification certificate records shall be submitted, prior to fabrication, to the
review of the CONTRACTOR: Inspector or Welding Coordinator.
02R

,
.
7.7
7.7
Rev./.

ASME, IX, -
, ,
. 7.5.1.
,
, ,
EN 287-1/2,
.
ASME, ,
,
.

P = 4
.
, ,
,
100% .

,
.

.
Page / 37
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
Welder performance registration
In order to control and maintain the validation of performance qualification, a

welder performance register shall be kept up to date by the PIPING
SUBCONTRACTOR.
This register should at least contain the following data:
, , :
a.
Welders name and stamp.
a.
b.
Data of weld inspection and inspection results.
b.
c.
Materials (base and consumable).
c.
( )
d.
Weld joint data (diameter, wall thickness, etc).
d.
(, . .)
e.
Reference to WPS used.
f.
Position of welding.
e.

g.
Purging records including repairs.
h.
Welder identification stamps
Each qualified welder and welding operator shall be assigned an identification

code stamp in the form of a number or letters.
Welder code stamping shall be applied close to each pressure-retaining weld
produced on two diametrically opposite zones beside the weld with paint markers.
If a welder performs only the filling passes, such zones shall be close to the ones
marked by the welder who performed the root pass
The use of low-stress stamps (e.g. needle or rounded stamps) shall be mandatory
for low temperature carbon steel, Austenitic stainless steel may be marked either
using low- stress stamp or vibro-etching marking.
Marking on all materials with thickness less than 6 mm shall be done with paint
(without halogens and low melting point metals)
Control of welder/Operator quality
Welding operators and welder qualifications shall remain valid, unless when:
The quality of their work, during fabrication, appears to be below the

f.
g.
h.

-
.

,
, .
,
,
, .

(,
).
.
6
( ).
Page / 38
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
requirements of this Specification.
Rev./.
02R
/ .
They have not welded with any process during a period of 6 months.
There is a specific reason to question their abilities to make welds that

meet the requirements of this specification.

, :
,
.
-
6 .
7.8
7.8
WELDING PROCESSES
7.8.1
7.8.1 General
Welding of piping retaining pressure welds shall be limited to the following
processes:
Welding processes
Shielded Metal - Arc Welding
Gas Tungsten - Arc Welding
Automatic Submerged Arc Welding
Flux Cored Arc Welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding
AWS Designation
SMAW
GTAW
SAW
FCAW (see 7.8.2)
GMAW (see 7.8.2)
Other applications of welding processes on piping retaining pressure welds shall

not be assumed acceptable by the PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR during bid
preparation and would require CONTRACTORs prior acceptance. Any
AWS
SMAW ()
GTAW ()
SAW ()
FCAW (), . . 7.8.2
GMAW (), . . 7.8.2

, ,
.
.
Page / 39
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
authorization would imply the evaluation of the specific application, additional

qualifications and NDT requirements.

, .
Above limitations do not apply to non-pressure retaining welds.
7.8.2
7.8.2 Requirements for specific welding process:
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW):
The maximum individual layer thickness for submerged arc weld shall not exceed
9.5 mm.
Solid wires for automatic-welding processes shall contain the principal elements
required for the deposited weld metal. Alloy fluxes as defined by ASME section II,
Part C SFA 5.17 or 5.23, shall not be used.
Fluxes that the flux Manufacturer recommends for single pass welds shall not be
used for multiple pass welds.
Welding procedures for submerged arc welding shall be requalified whenever the
welding flux or wire is changed from one manufacturer to another, or from one
grade to another grade from the same manufacturer for P-No.3 and higher.
Equivalence under ASME section II, Part C shall not be considered adequate for
substitution without requalification.
Alloy fluxes shall not be used as defined by ASME section II, Part C SFA 5.17 or
5.23.
SAW should not be used for pipe of NPS below 6.
()
,
, 9,5 .

,
. , ASME, II,
C, SFA 5.17 5.23, .
,
,
.

P = 3 .
ASME, II, C,
.
, ASME,
II, C, SFA 5.17 5.23.
(NPS)
6 .
Page / 40
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)

All single sided groove welds where full penetration is required shall have the root
pass made with the GTAW process, with the exception of category D piping for
which the root may be welded with SMAW electrodes.
GTAW with minimum two-pass weld is preferred for all sockets welding. For
socket welds in carbon steel NPS 1 in. or smaller and for all sizes of stainless
steel and non-ferrous materials, GTAW with minimum two-pass weld shall be
mandatory.
For all welds on pipe NPS 2 and below the whole weld shall be done with GTAW.
For stainless steel and non-ferrous materials an internal purge shall be used for a
minimum of 2 passes (including the root pass).
The use of consumable inserts shall be subject to CONTRACTOR prior approval.
Welding machine should be preferably equipped with HF starting unit.

()
Rev./.
02R
,
,
, D,

.

, , .
(NPS) 1

, ,
.
(NPS) 2

.

, , (
).

.
,
,
.
Shielding and backing Gases for GTAW:

PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit to the acceptance of CONTRACTOR: a
Purging procedure detailing the method of back purging, and associated
inspection procedure to be implemented during piping pre-fabrication and field
welding including final closing welds and local repairs.
Inert Argon backing gas is required for stainless steel
PIPING CONTRACTOR shall provide evidence that purge gas at root side during
:

,
.
Page / 41
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
welding of root passes up to 6mm contains less than 1 percent oxygen (measured
by an oxygen analyzer, or flow sufficient amount of time to allow at least 6 purge
volume changes prior to start of welding)..
The materials used for pipe purging dams should be water soluble. Other
employed methods shall; - in no way damage the piping or related components by
its placement, use and subsequent removal. - be documented and verified for
removal after weld completion by CONTRACTOR.
For backing gas nitrogen or argon / nitrogen mixtures shall be applied, with no
less than a minimum content of 5% nitrogen. Mixtures including Hydrogen are not
allowed.
The use of nitrogen as backing gas for stainless steels shall require
CONTRACTOR prior acceptance.
For pipe closing weld where gas backing is impractical, use of a Flux Core Wire
welding consumable may be considered on a case by case basis, subject to
CONTRACTOR prior approval.
Rev./.
02R
,
, .
,

6 1% (
), ,
, , 6
.
, ,
. : -

, ; -

.
, ,
-
5%. , , .
,
,
.
,
,

.
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW):

Down hill progression shall not be allowed when using low hydrogen electrodes.
()
Use of SMAW in the downhill direction is restricted to category D lines; any other
vertical welding shall be done vertical up.
For MDMT strictly below -46C, the heat input for SMAW shall be recorded and
controlled by measuring the length of weld bead per unit length of electrode (runout ratio) according ASME IX QW-409.1 (b) (2).

D.
Page / 42
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
.
-46 C

( ) ASME IX QW-409.1 (b) (2).
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

For pressure retaining welds only machine (automatic) GMAW shall be allowed
subjected to CONTRACTOR prior acceptance. A proper parameter control is
required to be demonstrated by PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR.
GMAW procedures utilizing the short circuiting metal transfer mode shall be
limited to groove, fillet, and structural welds in materials 3/8 inch (10mm)
maximum thickness subject to CONTRACTOR prior acceptance. GMAW in the
short circuiting transfer mode may be used for tack welds, temporary attachments
or other applications where the weld metal is completely removed.
GMAW process shall not be used for socket welds.
()

()
.

.
,
, V- (
),
3/8 (10 )
.
,
,
.

.
Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW):
()
Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) may be used for piping prefabrication of carbon
steel of rating up to class 600 subjected to CONTRACTOR prior acceptance
provided that following conditions are fulfilled:
()

600
:
PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR can provide evidence of successful previous

experience with this process.
Page / 43

gas.
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
The flux-cored arc welding process is combined with an external shielding
Welding is carried at prefabrication using fully automatic machine

equipment.
Other application of FCAW process on piping retaining pressure welds shall not
be assumed acceptable by the PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR during bid
preparation and would require CONTRACTORs prior acceptance.
Flux cored arc welding without external shielding gas may only be used for
welding non-pressure containing parts and non-pressure containing attachments
to pressure containing parts.
Flux cored arc welding procedures shall be re-qualified whenever a change is
made in filler metal from one manufacturer to another or to a different brand or
type from the same manufacturer.
Rev./.
02R
.

,
,
.
.

.

/
.
7.9
WELDING CONSUMABLES
7.9
7.9.1 General
7.9.1
Filler metal shall be as specified in ASME Section II Part C or equivalent AWS

Specification
ASME,
II, C, AWS.
Certified material test reports (CMTRs) shall be supported by type 3.1 documents
according to EN 10204, except that type 2.2 certificates are acceptable for
category D piping and machinery auxiliary non process piping unless otherwise
required in the relevant PROJECT specification.

3.1
EN 10204. , D
2.2,
.
Welding consumables shall be selected such as:
Welding consumables or combination of them used for the work shall

produce welds with strength and ductility properties (especially notch toughness)
in the final heat treated condition (if applicable) at least equal to the minimum

:
Page / 44
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
specified equivalent properties of the base material.
The principal elements in the deposited weld metal are similar to the
nominal composition of the base metal.
However, this shall not preclude the use of welding materials containing alloying
elements of different types or in different amounts than those in the base materials
provided there is no evidence that such elements are not harmful or are beneficial
from standpoint of achieving desirable weld metal properties, such as adequate
tensile strength after post weld heat treatment or adequate impact toughness at
low temperatures.
Carbon steel filler metals that can exceed the ASME IX A-1 weld deposit analysis
may be used only if the weld deposit meets A-1.
Except for materials P N1 without impact tests, the brand name (as identified
within welding consumable supplier catalogue) of welding consumables
(electrodes, flux cored, flux) shall be the same as used in the welding procedure
qualification test. When no impact testing is required the AWS classification of the
welding consumables and fluxes shall be considered as essential variable.
All materials used for welding procedure qualification test on carbon steel
materials shall be in the upper range of carbon content and carbon equivalent and
within the range of alloy elements and mechanical properties of the relevant
specifications to be used.
Carbon and low alloy steel electrodes/bare wire that have a nonspecific chemistry
as indicated by a G classification suffix (i.e. EXXXX-G, ERXXX-G, EG, or
EXXXTX-G) shall not be assumed acceptable and shall require SERVICE
PROVIDERs acceptance. Any authorisation shall imply welding procedure
qualifications by referenced trade name as identified within the welding
consumable supplier catalogue..
Table 4 provides recommendation for selection of welding electrodes and rods for
joining principal similar materials of steels and non-ferrous materials except
aluminium.
Rev./.
02R
,
, ,
( ,
)
( ), ,
.

.

, ,
,

, ,

.
,
ASME IX A-1,
,
A-1.
P = 1
, (
)
(, , )
,
. ,
AWS
.
,
,

,
,
.
Page / 45
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
/ ,
,
G (, EXXXX-G, ERXXX-G, EG
EXXXTX-G), , ,
.

.
4

, .
4.

TABLE 4 :SELECTION OF WELDING ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR

JOINING SIMILAR
MATERIALS OF STEEL AND NON-FERROUS MATERIALS
COATED ELECTRODES
P n
BASE MATERIAL
ASME
PREFERRED
ALTERNATIVE
ASME
SPEC
ELECTRODE
ELECTRODE
SPEC
SFA5.1
E7016/18 (1)
SFA 5.4
E308L-15
SFA 5.4
Type 316L
Type 309
Carbon Steel (LTCS)
Type 304L
Austenitic
8
WELDING RODS
Type 321H
SFA5.18 (2)
CLASSIFICATION
ER70S-2/3/4
SFA 5.17
ELXX, EMXX
E308L-16
SFA 5.9
ER308L
E347-15 (3)
E347-16 (3)
SFA 5.9
ER347 (3)
SFA 5.4
E316L-15
E316L-16
SFA 5.9
ER316L
SFA 5.4
E309-15
E309-16
SFA 5.9
ER309
NOTES TO TABLE I:
1.
For impact tested carbon steel use E7016/18-1.
2.
Submerged arc (SAW) wire and flux shall conform to ASME SFA-5.17
304L
Stainless
Steels
()
321H
316L
309
.
ASME
. .
ASME
SFA5.18 (2)
ER70S-2/3/4
SFA5.17
ELXX, EMXX
E308L-16
SFA5.9
ER308L
E347-15 (3)
E347-16 (3)
SFA5.9
ER347 (3)
SFA5.4
E316L-15
E316L-16
SFA5.9
ER316L
SFA5.4
E309-15
E309-16
SFA5.9
ER309
SFA5.1
E7016/18 (1)
SFA5.4
E308L-15
SFA5.4
I:
1.

E7016/18-1.
2.
()
Page / 46
3.
4.
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
ASME SFA-5.17.
For design temperatures above 1000F (538C), 0.040 - 0.080% carbon is

required.
3.
Submerged arc welding fluxes shall be limited to classifications F72 and

F62, unless otherwise approved by CONTRACTOR
1000 F (538 C)
0,0400,080%.
4.

F72 F62 ,
.
Choice of welding consumables shall be adapted to impact test requirements as

detailed in piping class and base material specification.

,
.
7.9.2 Carbon / Low Alloy / Ferritic Steels
When using shielded metal arc welding process, only low hydrogen electrodes (<
10 ml / 100g) shall be used for all pressure retaining welds or
attachments to pressure boundaries.
For category D piping system only, electrodes of classifications E 6010/E 6011
/6013 may be used for root pass only.
7.9.2 //

(< 10 / 100 ).
D
E6010/E6011/6013
.
7.9.3 Austenitic Stainless Steel
7.9.3
Filler metals shall be selected to produce weld deposits that fall within the ferrite
number (FN) range 3 to 10 FN target (with a maximum limit of 3 to 13
FN) as determined by the WRC (Welding Research Council) diagram
and the certified chemical analysis.

()
3 10 ( 3 13),
WRC (
)
.
When using 300 H Grade materials, high carbon electrodes /wires with 0.040 to
0.08% Carbon shall be used.
300
H
0,040-0,08%.
Page / 47
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
7.9.4 Dissimilar Materials
7.9.4
Dissimilar joints require prior CONTRACTOR approval
Table 5 provides guidelines to the selection of filler metal of dissimilar material.
5
.
TABLE 5
FILLER METAL FOR WELDS JOINING DISSIMILAR MATERIALS
Base
Nominal Analysis
of
Base Materials
Materia
l
Numbe
r
1
Carbon steel
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
CarbonMolybdenum Steel
2.25% Nickel &

3.5% Nickel steel
9% Nickel Steel
1% Cr 0.5% Mo
steel
1.25% Cr 0.5%
Mo steel
2.25% Cr 1% Mo
Steel
5% Cr 1/2% Mo
Steel
7% Cr 1/2% Mo
Steel
10
9% Cr 1% Mo
Steel
11
Type 405 Stainless

steel
12
Type 410S Stainless

steel
13
Type 410 Stainless

steel
14
Type 304 Stainless

steel
15
Type 304L Stainless

steel
Type 321 Stainless

steel
17
Type 347 Stainless

steel
18
Type 316 Stainless

steel
16
Base Material Number
C
F
K
X
L
L
L
10

2,25% 3,5%

9%
, 1%
Cr 0,5% Mo
,
1,25% Cr 0,5% Mo
,
2,25% Cr 1% Mo
, 5%
Cr 1/2% Mo
, 7%
Cr 1/2% Mo
, 9%
Cr 1% Mo
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

405
12

410S
13

410

304

304L
16

321
17
14
11
11
15
P
K
K
Page / 48
19
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Type 316L
Stainless steel
Type 309 Stainless

steel
21
Type 310 Stainless

steel
22
Alloy 800 (Incolloy

800)
23
Monel 400
24
Inconel 625
20
B
B
B
B
C
C
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
NOMENCLATURES:
A - AWS A5.1 classification EXX15, EXX16, EXX18.
B - AWS A5.4 and A5.11, classification E309-xx (only
for service temperature up to 350C), EniCrFe-3
(Inconel 182), or EniCrFe-2
C - AWS A5.11 classification EniCrFe-3 (Inconel 182)
or EniCrFe-2 (Inco-Weld A).
D E F G -
AWS A5.11, classification EniCrFe-3 (Inconel

182), EniCrFe-2 (Inco-Weld A), or EniCu-7
(Monel 190).
AWS A5.5, classification E7015-A1, E7016-A1, or
E7018-A1.
AWS A5.5, classification E8016-B2, or E8015B2L, E8018-B2L
AWS A5.5, classification E9015-B3, E9016-B3,
E9018-B3
AWS A5.4, classification E502-XX.
I
J
K -
L
O
M
O
M
O
M
P
Q
O
O
O
O
R
C
C
C
C
C
18

316
19

316L
20

309
21

310
22
800 (
800)
23
400
24
625
C
C
C
C
AWS A5.4, classification E7Cr-XX.

L -
AWS A5.4 and A5.11, classification

E410-XX, E410 Cb-XX, E309-XX,
EniCrFe-3 (Inconel 182), or EniCrFe-2
(Inco-Weld A).
M -
AWS A5.4, classification E308L-XX.
N -
O -
AWS A5.4, classification E309-XX or

E308-XX.
H P - AWS A5.4, classification E308-XX or
E347-XX.
Q - AWS A5.4, classification E316-XX or
E316L-XX.
NOTE:
R - AWS A5.4, classification E309-XX
1. Blank spaces in Table 1 indicate combination that are 2 Table 1 refers to coated electrodes. For bare
considered unlikely or unsuitable
.
wire welding (SAW, GMAW, GTAW), use
equivalent electrode classifications (AWS
A5.9, A5.14, A5.17, A5.18, A5.20, A5.23,
and A5.28).
All dissimilar metal welds shall be qualified separately for each material
combination.
However dissimilar metal welds shall comply also with the following requirements:
02R
347
Rev./.
C
C
:
A - AWS A5.1, EXX15, EXX16, I - AWS A5.4, E7Cr-XX.
EXX18.
B - AWS A5.4 A5.11, E309-xx J - AWS A5.4, E505-XX.
( 350 C),
EniCrFe-3 ( 182) EniCrFe-2.
C - AWS A5.11, EniCrFe-3 ( K - AWS A5.4 A5.11,
182) EniCrFe-2 (- A).
E410-XX, E410 Cb-XX, E309-XX,
EniCrFe-3 ( 182) EniCrFe2 (- A).
D - AWS A5.11, EniCrFe-3 ( L - AWS A5.4, E308-XX.
182), EniCrFe-2 (- A) EniCu-7
( 190).
E - AWS A5.5, E7015-A1, E7016-A1 M - AWS A5.4, E308L-XX.
E7018-A1.
F - AWS A5.5, E8016-B2 E8015- N - AWS A5.4, E347-XX.
B2L, E8018-B2L
G - AWS A5.5, E9015-B3, E9016-B3, O - AWS A5.4, E309-XX
E9018-B3.
E308-XX.
H - AWS A5.4, E502-XX.
P - AWS A5.4, E308-XX
E347-XX.
Q - AWS A5.4, E316-XX
E316L-XX.
:
R - AWS A5.4, E309-XX.
1. 1 2. 1

.
(, , )

(AWS A5.9, A5.14, A5.17, A5.18, A5.20,
A5.23 A5.28).
Page / 49
JSC Yamal LNG
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Rev./.
02R
.

.
7.9.5 Ferritic to Stainless Steel
For dissimilar joints in base metals consisting of a ferritic material (P-No. 1 through
P-No. 7) to austenitic stainless steel, the filler material selection shall be as
follows:
For service temperatures up to and including 315C: ASME Classification

E/ER 309L-XX may be used.
For service temperatures above 315C: High nickel filler metal, ASME
Classification EniCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3, or ERNiCr-3. API RP 582 Table 6-1
restriction for the use of those welding consumables shall be strictly followed.
As an alternative when ferritic steel needs to be Post Weld Heat Treated

the ferritic material (P-No.1 through P-No.5) may be buttered with either ASME
Classification E/ER 309L or high nickel filler metal and Post Weld Heat Treated
prior to welding to the austenitic stainless steel. Subsequent welding of the
buttered layer to the stainless steel shall be carried out with weld metal nominally
matching the stainless steel parent metal. Such joints shall be qualified in
accordance with ASME Section IX, QW-283 on a representative assembly.
For services that contain sulphur compounds use of high nickel filler metal shall be
subjected to SERVICE PROVIDER agreement.
7.9.5

( P = 17)

:
315 C :
ASME E/ER 309L-XX.
315 C:
, ASME EniCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3
ERNiCr-3.
, API RP 582,
. 6-1.
,
, ( P = 15)
( ASME E/ER 309L)
.

,
( ).
ASME, IX, QW-283,
.
, ,

.
Page / 50
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
7.9.6
7.9.6 Consumables Storage
Welding consumables shall be stored with care, under dry conditions in their
original unopened packing. After opening shipping containers of electrodes, fluxes
and other welding materials, storage and handling shall be as specified in the
Manufacturers recommendations.
Electrodes, filler wires or fluxes that are damaged, damp, greasy or oxidized shall
not be used.
All electrodes that have been in direct contact with water shall be absolutely and
permanently rejected.
PIPING SUBCONTRACTORs facilities shall include a temperature and humidity
controlled welding consumables and flux store, including holding and drying
ovens.
Low hydrogen electrodes and fluxes shall be dried at 250C/300C for two hours
prior to use, unless otherwise recommended by the electrodes manufacturer.
Welding electrodes shall then be stored in ovens at a minimum temperature of 80
C. When used for production they shall be placed in heated quivers capable of
maintaining a minimum temperature of 75 C.
Above drying conditions do not apply to electrodes supplied in vacuum
conditioning boxes unless improperly stored and handled after opening.
When using vacuum packed electrodes, each box shall be ink stamped with date
and hour at opening. Electrodes shall be used within 4 hours after box opening.
Carbon steel electrodes shall be used within 8 hours when stored in quivers.
Electrodes stored in quivers, but not used within the specified time, shall be
restored in ovens. No electrodes shall be left lying about the site or in the shop.
Electrodes so left shall be scrapped.
Redried / rebaked electrodes shall be identified with paint color code. Electrodes
can be rebaked maximum twice.
Submerged arc flux shall be clearly identified in moisture-proof containers and
shall be stored in a dry location at a temperature recommended by manufacturer.

.
,

.
, , ,
.
, ,
.

,
,
.

250/300 C ,
.

80 C.
, 75 C.
,
,

.

. 4
.
8
. , ,
,
.
Page / 51
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Submerged arc, gas metal arc and flux-cored wire shall be clearly identified and
shall be stored in a dry location at a temperature recommended by manufacturer.
The identification shall state manufacturer, grade and batch number.
Unidentifiable wire shall not be used.
Submerged arc, gas metal arc and flux-cored arc consumables shall be withdrawn
from storage only when required for immediate use. Unused consumables shall be
returned to storage on completion of the welding operation. The backing, issuance
and return of welding consumables shall be formally recorded.
Submerged arc flux may be recycled once only but shall be free from fused flux,
mill scales, dirt or other foreign matter. Before reuse, the flux shall be re-baked in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
The PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall maintain recycling flux procedure as well
as storage/conditioning and handling procedure for welding consumables which
shall be made available to review of CONTRACTOR: representative. The
procedure shall include moisture, cleanliness and identification controls. The
maximum quantity of recycled flux in any batch of flux used shall be as per flux
manufacturers recommendations.
Detailed written procedures for the systematic receipt, storage, issue and control
of welding consumables shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR for acceptance
prior to the commencement of fabrication.
Rev./.
02R
. ,
, .
.
.

, .

,

, .
, .
.
,

,
.

. ,
.

,
, .

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, /

.
, .

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Page / 52
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
, ,

.
8.
WELD REPAIRS
Unacceptable discontinuities shall be completely removed by chipping, gouging

(Arc air gouging shall not be used on pipe below 8 mm thick), grinding, or other
methods (dependent on type of material being repaired) to clean, sound metal,
and the excavated area shall be examined by magnetic particle examination MT
or liquid penetrant examination (PT) to assure complete removal of defects.
For partial repairs, the cut-out portion shall be sufficiently deep and long to remove
the defect. At the ends and sides of the cut, there shall be a gradual taper from the
base of the cut to the surface of the weld metal. The width and profile of the cut
shall provide adequate access for re-welding. As a general rule and depending on
size of weld repair, at least 50 mm of sound metal at either end shall be removed.
Welds containing cracks shall be subject to additional non-destructive testing
(Ultrasonic or Magnetic Particle). Repair welding will only be permitted after
consideration of the nature and cause of cracking.
Subcontractor shall not execute repairs to fully welded joints, defective or
damaged pipe and fittings or any other pressure part without written approval of
Contractor.
Subcontractor shall prepare and submit repair procedures to CONTRACTOR for
approval prior to the commencement of repairs. These procedures shall address
methods proposed for correction of distortion.
If repairs or modifications are carried out after heat treatment has been completed,
the areas affected by the repair or modification shall be heat treated again.
Repairs to correct weld defects shall be made using the same WPS used for the
original weld or other previously authorized WPS. Depending on the repair
configuration, a higher preheat may be necessary together with the use of a
smaller diameter electrode.
8.

, (-
8 ),
( )
.
()
() .

.

.
. ,
50
.
, ,
(
).
.
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/
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,
.

Page / 53
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Weld repairs shall be performed with minimum 2 layers.

The repaired areas and 50 mm each side shall be re-examined using the same
examination method and procedure by which the defect was originally detected.
Two repair attempts will be allowed on any one defective area. No further
attempts to repair shall be carried out without the authorization of the
CONTRACTOR.
Weld repair procedures shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR prior to piping
repair. The procedure shall state, as a minimum, the following information:
Means of excavating defect from weld.
NDE method (when applicable) used to verify complete defect removal.
WPS used to fill excavated area (including preheating temperature to be

used).
NDE method used to verify repair weld is sound.
Purging procedure when root pass is made by GTAW process.
All repair welds shall be recorded and repair welds individually identified.
Rev./.
02R
,
.

,
,
.

.
, , .
50
,
.
.
.

. ,
, :
( ),
.
,
(
).
,
.
,
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.
Page / 54
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
9.
PREHEATING INTERPASS TEMPERATURE HEAT INPUT
9.1
PREHEATING
Welding shall not be done when surfaces are wet, exposed to rain, snow, sleet,
high wind or when welders are exposed to inclement conditions. When such
condition exists, a heated structure or shelter shall be constructed around the area
being welded.
Preheat temperatures for thermal cutting, tack welding and welding shall be in
accordance with the applicable requirements or recommendations of section 330
of ASME B31.3. Recommendations from table 330.1.1 shall be considered as
mandatory.
If carbon equivalent CE exceeds 0.42 and / or thickness above 25 mm preheat
shall not be less than 100 C.
Mn
CE = C +
6
Cr + Mo + V
5
Cu + Ni
15
02R
9.
9.1

, , , ,
.

.
,

330 ASME B31.3. ,
330.1.1,
.
0,42 /
25 , 100 C.
Mn
CE = C + 6
The minimum width of preheated zone shall be the lowest value of 2 t (t = wall
thickness) or 100 mm.
For Shop welding, the following methods of preheating shall be applied :
Rev./.
Cr + Mo + V
5
Cu + Ni
15
for thickness above 25 mm electrical heating is preferred but ring burners

are allowed

100 ,
.
for thickness below 25 mm heating by appropriate torch is allowed
(Oxy gas torch not allowed)
25 , ,
;
For field welding, electrical heating elements should be used. For thickness below
25 mm, gas ring burners may be used.
The weld shall be maintained at the required preheat temperature until completion
of welding operations.
Preheat temperature higher than those specified in ASME code may be required
25
;
( ).
Page / 55
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
in order to satisfy hardness requirements or to prevent the risk of hydrogen cold

cracking particularly in the case of highly restrained welds.
. 25
.
When moisture removal is required preheat shall be 60 C minimum.

.
ASME
,
, .
9.2
INTERPASS TEMPERATURE
Minimum and Maximum interpass temperature limits shall be in accordance with

the accepted WPS.
Minimum interpass temperature shall not be less than the minimum specified
preheat temperature.
For LTCS and stainless steel in cryogenic service the maximum interpass
temperature shall be in accordance with ASME IX "supplementary essential
variables" limitations, but in no case shall the maximum interpass temperature
exceeds 300 C for all carbon and 150 C for all stainless steels and Nickel alloys.
Preheat and interpass temperatures shall be verified with either portable
thermocouples or temperature-indicating crayons, Infra-Red thermometers are not
allowed.
Surface temperature shall be measured on regular basis in the weld joint and at
approximately 1 inch (25 mm) on each side of the joint immediately before
initiation of weld arc.
,
60 C.
9.2

.

.

ASME IX .
300 C
150 C
.

.
.

1 (25 )
.
Page / 56
9.3
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
HEAT INPUT
Low Temperature Carbon Steel
9.3
Rev./.
02R
Impact tests are required for the welding procedure qualifications, consequently
the "Supplementary Essential Variables limitations in ASME IX shall be adhered
to, in particular the limitations on heat input, preheat and interpass temperatures.
ASME
IX
, ,
/ .
10.
10.
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)
()
10.1 PWHT REQUIREMENTS
10.1
PWHT shall be in accordance with the requirements of ASME B 31.3 331.

ASME B31.3, . 331.
PWHT shall also be required as detailed in Summary of Piping classes and shall
include not only pressure retaining welds but also attachment welds to pressure
parts.
During PWHT, the metal temperature shall be maintained within the specified
temperature ranges and for the minimum holding times specified.
,
,
,
.

, , .
10.2 METHODS OF HEAT TREATMENT:

PWHT of welded joints may be performed by furnace, electric resistance, or
induction heat treatment methods.
Oxy-fuel flame PWHT is not permitted.
When the heat treatment is applied locally the local PWHT
a.
shall be performed in accordance with requirements of AWS D10.10.
b.
method shall be restricted to the electrical resistance or induction method.
The width of heated band shall conform to Para 331.2.6 of ASME B. 31.3 except
that the heated band shall extend at least (2.5Rt) each side beyond the weldment
joint but not less than 50 mm.
The maximum rate of heating from 400C shall not exceed 220C per hour for
10.2
,
.
.
:
a.

AWS D10.10;
b.

.
. 331.2.6 ASME B31.3, ,
, ,
Page / 57
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
pipewall thickness up to and including 25mm and 5500/tC or 55C per hour,
whichever the greater, for pipe thickness greater than 25mm.
The maximum rate of cooling from the holding temperature to 400C shall not
exceed 275C per hour for pipe wall thickness up to and including 25mm and
6875/tC or 55C per hour, whichever the greater, for pipe wall thickness greater
than 25mm.
Rev./.
02R
2,5 Rt , 50 .
400 C 220 C
25 5500/t C
55 C , ,
25 .
Threads and gasket surfaces shall be protected from oxidation during heat
treatment, if this is not done, subsequent machining operation to remove any
damage, is required
400 C
275 C 25
6875/t C 55 C ,
, 25 .
Welding is not permitted on valves that are equipped with soft seats, unless the
seats have been removed or precautions that are recommended by the valve
manufacturer have been taken to prevent damage to the soft seats

. ,
.
The PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall consider the need for slow heating /
cooling rate for complex fabrications.
, , ,
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, ,
.
/ .
10.3 TEMPERATURE RECORDING:
10.3
Temperature and time shall be continuously recorded by means of suitable

automatic instrumentation which will allow a printout of temperature/time for record
purpose.

,
/ .
Thermocouples shall be flash welded or mechanically bonded to the pressure

boundary. All thermocouple attachments shall be adequately insulated to avoid
temperature misreading caused by the effect of radiation.

.

- .
The following minimum number of equally spaced recording thermocouples shall

be used:
1 for pipe NPS 2 and less straddled to the weld

2 for pipe from NPS 3 to NPS 10 straddled to the weld.
3 for pipe from NPS 12 to NPS 20 one shall be on weld centre and the
(NPS) 2
.
Page / 58
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
remaining two shall straddle the weld at 4, 8 and 12 oclock positions.

4 for pipe above NPS 20, 2 shall be located on weld centre 180 apart at 6
and 12 oclock positions, the other 2 shall straddle the weld at 3 and 9
oclock positions.
For oven treated welds, thermocouples to be located to show that temperature is

evenly distributed throughout the oven.
The following data shall be included on the recording chart:

1.
Chart identification number
2.
Date of performance
3.
Weld identification/Line number
4.
Number, position and reference mark of the thermocouples
5.
Temperature and time scales
6.
Signature of Inspector
Rev./.
02R
(NPS) 3
10 .
(NPS) 12
20 : ,

4, 8 12 .
(NPS)
20 :
180 6 12 ,

3 9 .
, ,
,

.

:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
10.4 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT PROCEDURES

PWHT procedures shall be submitted to the CONTRACTOR prior to use. Post
weld heat treatment procedures shall include as a minimum the following
information: type of PWHT (either furnace or local); thermocouple type, number,
method of attachment, location, calibration method; full treatment cycle including
heating and cooling methods, heating and cooling rates, holding time and
temperature, supporting details.
10.4

.
, , : (
); , , ,
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Page / 59
JSC Yamal LNG
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Rev./.
02R
11.
PRODUCTION TEST COUPONS
Production test coupons shall be made in accordance with code requirements.
12.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)
12.1 GENERAL
Non-destructive examination shall be made in accordance with ASME B31-3 Code
and the additional requirements defined herein.
All fabrication shall be subject to examination by the PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR
under the CONTRACTOR supervision and acceptance. All weld preparation, fitup, and weld assemblies shall be visually inspected during all phases of
fabrication. Where necessary, corrections shall be made in the weld preparation to
assure that sound welds can be achieved by the welding process used. Cracks
and undercuts or any evidence of poor workmanship shall be cause for rejection.
Special care shall be taken in the inspection of branch welds.
The PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall provide site access and reasonable aid to
the CONTRACTOR Representative as required for the performance of their duty.
The PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR shall supply and operate at his own expense all
equipment and materials necessary to inspect the welds according to this
specification.
Inspection, examination and testing shall be carried out before any painting or
coating is applied.
Non-destructive examination of welds shall be carried out after final heat treatment
is completed.
The CONTRACTOR Representative shall have the right to select the welds to be
inspected.
11.
12.
()
12.1

ASME B31-3, ,
.

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Page / 60
JSC Yamal LNG
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Subcontractor shall advise Contractor of the number of weldments that are

completed and available for non-destructive inspection on a daily basis
Rev./.
02R
.

.

, .
12.2 EXTENT OF NON DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)
12.2 ()
The minimum extent of NDE shall be in accordance with table 6.
6.
Table 6 EXTEND of NDT as per ASME B31.3
6. ASME B31.3
EXTENT OF NDT (%)

Notes 1
MATERIAL
SERVICE
ANS
I
Clas
s
150
Butt and
mitter
groove
welds
Branch
welds
5 %RT
NA
Seal /
fillet
welds
NA
(%)
1
Sock
et
weld
Carbon Steel
(ASME IX P N
1)
Austenitic
stainless Steel
(ASME IX P N
8)
Category D
NA
Duplex stainless
steel
Category D
Steam out slop
150
5 %RT
NA
NA
NA
Carbon Steel
(ASME IX P N
1to 3)
All Other
Services
150 600
5 %RT
5 %UT(3)
5
%MT/DP(4,5
)
NA
5%
RT (7)
900
10%RT
10%UT(3)
10%MT/DP(
5,6)
NA
5%
RT (7)
ANSI

( P =
1 ASME IX)
( P =
8 ASME IX)
150
5%
150
5%
( P =
1-3 ASME IX)
150600
5%
5% (3)
5% /
(4, 5)
5%
(7)
Page / 61
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Austenitic
stainless Steel
(ASME IX P N
8)
Category M
All
ratin
g
20%RT
20%UT(3)
20%MT/DP(
4,5)
NA
5%
RT (7)
All services
>
1500
100%RT
100%UT(3)
100%MT/DP
(4,5)
NA
5%
RT (7)
100%
MT/D
P
All services
(except
category D)
150 600
10%RT
10%UT(3)
10%DP(4)
10%
DP
5%
RT (7)
10%
DP
>
900
100%RT
100%UT(3)
100%DP(4)
100%
DP
5%
RT (7)
100%
DP
Austenitic
stanless steel
with MDMT
< -104C
All Services
All
ratin
gs
100%RT
100%UT(3)
100%DP(4)
100%
DP
5%
RT (7)
100%
DP
Ferritic Alloy
Steel (ASME IX
P N 4,5,6)
All Services
All
ratin
gs
100%RT
100%UT(3)
100%MT/DP
(4,5)
100%
MT/DP
5%
RT (7)
100%
MT/D
P
Austenitic
stainless Steel
(grade H).
Nickel base alloy
(ASME IX P N
41 to 45)
All Services
Dissimilar
materials
Connection
between existing
lines to new lines
All Services
All materials
Severe cyclic
Service
150 600
100%RT
All
ratin
gs
100%RT
All
ratin
gs
100%RT
100%UT(3)
100%DP(4)
100%
DP
5%
RT (7)
100%
DP
100%UT(3)
100%MT/DP
(4,5)
10%
MT/DP
5%
RT (7)
100%
MT/D
P
100%UT(3)
100%MT/DP
(4,5)
10%
MT/DP
5%
RT (7)
100%
MT/D
P
Rev./.
02R
900
10%
10% (3)
10% /
(5, 6)
5%
(7)
20%
20% (3)
20% /
(4, 5)
5%
(7)
> 1500
100%
100% (3)
100% /
(4, 5)
5%
(7)
100%
/
( P =
8 ASME IX)

(
D)
150600
10%
10% (3)
10% (4)
10%
5%
(7)
10%
> 900
100%
100% (3)
100% (4)
100% 5%
(7)
100%

< -104C
100%
100% (3)
100%(4)
100% 5%
(7)
100%
( P =
4, 5, 6 ASME
IX)
100%
100% (3)
100%
100% / /
(4, 5)
150600
100%
100% (3)
100% (4)
5%
(7)
100%
/
( H).

( P = 41-45
ASME IX)
100% 5%
(7)
100%
Page / 62
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
NOTES:
1.
VT: Visual examination, RT: Radiographic examination, UT
Ultrasonic examination, WFMT: Wet Fluorescent Magnetic Examination,
MT: Magnetic Particle Examination, DP: Dye Penetrant examination.
2.
Visual examination shall be carried out on all the welds
according to ASME B31.3 344-2.NA
3.
UT examination shall apply to branch connection not suitable
for radiography with mother/run pipe thickness above 19mm and branch
connection above 10.
Magnetic particle Examination or liquid penetrant examination shall apply to
branch connection welds not suitable for radiography. The entire accessible area
of the finished weld surface shall be examined. Branch welds shall be examined
before the addition of a reinforcing pad or saddle. After the addition of re-pad /
saddle, examination of the re-pad weld at the branch connection shall be carried
out.
The liquid penetrant examination method shall only be substituted for the
magnetic particle method where MPI is not practical or is registering indications
due to residual magnetism. Surfaces shall be free of peened discontinuities. If
abrasive blast cleaning is used, it shall be followed by a light surface grinding prior
to liquid penetrant examination.
5.
For all the welds on non-magnetic materials, including weld deposits, the
MT examination shall be substituted by PT. For magnetic materials, PT may be
used as a substitute to MT subject to CONTRACTOR agreement.
6.
The final non destructive examination of welds for acceptance purposes
shall be carried out after completion of any PWHT for material of P n4 and above.
7.
RT shall be performed on socket welds to ensure a minimum gap of 1,6
mm exists between the pipe and the socket. The maximum gap after welding shall
be 3.0 mm. Per radiographed weld only one single exposure is required. The
radiation source shall be placed such that the images of both walls are
Rev./.
02R
100%
100% (3)
10%
100% / /
(4, 5)
5%
(7)
100%
/
100%
100% (3)
10%
100% / /
(4, 5)
5%
(7)
100%
/
:
1.
: , :
, : , :
-
,
:
, : .
2.

ASME B31.3, . 344-2.NA.
3.
,
/ 19
10 .

,
.
.
.
/
.

Page / 63
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
superimposed.
8.
Definition of Fluid category D is given in section 300.2 of ASME B31.3,
Fluid category M and Hydrogen service as indicated on piping class.
9.
Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination shall be performed after
removal of the temporary welds of P n3 materials and higher.
In case of spot or random examination the following shall apply:
The first two production welds produced by each welder or welding

operator shall be 100% radiographed.
The specified random examination is intended to be applied respectively

to piping prefabrication and site erection.
Spot or random examination of 10 or 20 % refers respectively to 10 or 20

welds done among 100 weld joints which are entirely examined on the whole
circumference for each welder or welding operator. Examination shall be evenly
shared between all diameters and thickness to be considered.
When required examination reveals a defect, progressive examination

defined in ASME B31.3 Paragraph 341.3.4 shall be completed within two days of
the first rejection, unless otherwise agreed by the CONTRACTOR.
The selection of the welds to be checked shall be subject to the

agreement of the CONTRACTOR representative.
In case of spot or random examination the following shall apply:
The specified random examination is intended to be applied respectively

to piping prefabrication and site erection.
Spot or random examination of X % refers respectively to X welds done

among 100 weld joints which are entirely examined on the whole circumference
for each welder or welding operator. Examination shall be evenly shared between
all diameters and thickness to be considered. Extent (%) of NDT shall be
understood by piping class and by fluid service (ASME B31.3 300.2).
When required examination reveals a defect, progressive examination

defined in ASME B31.3 Paragraph 341.3.4 shall be completed within two days of
Rev./.
02R
,
-
- . ,

.
5.
,
, .

.
6.

P = 4 .
7.

1,6
. 3,0 .
, ,
.
,
.
8.
D
300.2 ASME B31.3, M
.
9.

P = 3 .

:
,
, 100%
.
Page / 64
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
the first rejection, unless otherwise agreed by the PURCHASER. Welders shall
not be permitted to weld production joints of any type while waiting for results of
examination.
The selection of the welds to be checked shall be subject to the

agreement of the CONTRACTOR representative.
Rev./.
02R

,
.
/ 10 20% ,
, 10 20 100 .

.

.
,
, ASME B31.3,
. 341.3.4,
.

.

:

,
.
/ X% X 100
.

.
. %

(ASME B31.3, . 300.2).
,
, ASME B31.3,
. 341.3.4,
.

Page / 65
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R

.
12.3
NDE PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
All NDE shall be performed by personnel certified in accordance with ASNT

Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A or equivalent such as the European norm
ISO 9712 / EN 473 (according to construction code).
All level III NDE personnel shall be experienced in piping inspection and hold
independent certification by a scheme meeting the requirements of ISO 9712.
Schemes such as PCN (Personnel Certification in Non-Destructive Testing),
CSWIP (Certification Scheme for Welding Inspection Personnel) or ACCP (ASNT
Central Certification Program) are considered acceptable for all NDE techniques.
Qualification and Certification by the employer is not permitted unless specifically
accepted by CONTRACTOR.
Level I and Level II NDE personnel may be certified by the employer in
accordance with the recommendations in SNT-TC-1A providing Level III NDE
personnel responsible for the certification program meet the above noted
requirements. Certification in accordance with SNT-TC-1A shall cease once an
NDE operator leaves the employer
Interpretation of results shall be performed by personnel certified level II or III.
Personnel qualified at level I are acceptable as helper under supervision of level II
examiner.
In all cases ultrasonic examination shall be performed by level II qualified
personnel only.
Qualification certificates shall be available for review by the CONTRACTOR
Inspector upon request.
12.3
,
SNT-TC-1A
(ASNT)
, , ISO 9712/EN 473 ( ).
III
,
ISO 9712. ,
(PCN),
(CSWIP)
ASNT (ACCP),
.
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I II
, SNT-TC-1A,
, III,
, . ,
SNT-TC-1A,
.

II III.
, I,
II.

II.

.
Page / 66
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Rev./.
02R
12.4 NDE PROCEDURES

Non Destructive Examination (NDE) procedures shall be submitted to the
CONTRACTOR. Examination shall not proceed until procedures are accepted by
the CONTRACTOR.
In addition, all records pertaining to inspection and certification shall be available
for review by the CONTRACTORs Inspector.
12.4
()
.
.
, , ,
.
12.5 VISUAL EXAMINATION

Visual examination procedures shall be in accordance with ASME Section V,
Article 9.
Visual examinations shall be performed on all accessible surfaces and shall
include:
Joint preparation and cleanliness
Fit-up and internal alignment prior to welding
Preheating
Welding position, consumables and all other parameters defined in the

applicable welding procedures
Condition of the root pass after cleaning (external, and internal where
accessible)
Interpass temperatures
Slag removal and weld condition between passes
Appearance of the finished weld.
Weld beads shall be contoured to permit complete fusion at the sides of the bevel
and to avoid slag inclusions. Flux and slag shall be removed completely from weld
beads and from the surface of completed welds and adjoining base material.
All arc strikes, starts, and stops shall be confined to the welding groove. Arc
12.5
ASME, V,
9.

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,
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)

.
,
Page / 67
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Rev./.
02R
strikes outside the welding groove shall be dressed and examined by magnetic
particle or liquid dye penetrant.
The visual acceptance of each weld shall be recorded by the PIPING

CONTRACTOR

.

.

.
12.6 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION (MT)
12.6 ()
Magnetic particle examination procedures shall be in accordance with the

requirements and methods specified in ASME Section V, Article 7.

, ASME, V, 7.
Magnetic particle examination of welds shall include a band of base metal at least
25 mm wide on each side of the weld.

25
.
Magnetic particle examination or dye penetrant examination shall apply on socket

welds, fillet welds and branch connection welds which do not permit meaningful
interpretation for radiography.
Magnetic particle examination shall be performed by the electro-magnet method.
The prods method shall not be used because this equipment could produce arc
strikes on the pieces to be tested. Permanent magnetic probes shall not be
permitted.
The evaluation of indications and the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance
with ASME VIII Div1 Appendix 6. The magnetic yoke method with wet particles
shall be used. The surface to be inspected shall be coated with a white
background paint of a fine consistency.
For cyclic service, acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3
table 341.3.2.
The MT procedure shall include the following minimum information.
Scope; surface preparation; areas to be examined; stage(s) at which examined
(i.e. after welding, after heat treatment, after hydro test, etc.); magnetizing
technique (e.g. AC Yoke); equipment used; magnetic ink trade name; frequency of

, ,
.
,
.
.
ASME VIII,
1, 6.
.

.

ASME B31.3, . 341.3.2.
Page / 68
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
calibration of equipment; coverage and direction of magnetic field; measurement

of field strength; application of examination media; acceptance level; reporting
format; operator qualifications.
The operator have to prove the feasibility for pipe below 3 and particularly the
minimum intensity of the tangential field (above 2400 A/m), measured with a
tangential gauge (on each magnetisation direction, at about 90 angle)
Rev./.
02R
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12.7 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION (PT)
12.7 ()
Liquid penetrant examination procedures shall be in accordance with ASME

Section V, Article 6.
ASME,
V, 6.
Penetrant materials shall meet the requirements of ASME Section V, Article 6 for
sulphur and halogen content regardless of the type of material to be examined.
Liquid penetrant examination of welds shall include a band of base metal at least
25 mm wide on each side of the weld.
ASME,
V, 6,
.
25
.
The evaluation of indications and the acceptance criteria shall be in accordance

with ASME VIII Div1 Appendix 8.
The PT procedure shall include the following minimum information.
Scope; surface preparation; cleaning and drying; temperature limitations;
penetrant application method and time; removal of excess penetrant; drying;
application of developer; development time; acceptance level; reporting format;
operator qualification; stage performed.
ASME VIII,
1, 8.
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Page / 69
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Rev./.
02R
12.8 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION (RT)
12.8 ()
Radiographic examination procedures shall be in accordance with the

requirements and methods specified in ASME Section V, Article 2.

, ASME, V, 2.
Wherever possible X-ray source should be used instead of Gamma-ray sources.
, ,
-.
Radiographic films shall Class I as per ASTM E 1815 (e.g. type AGFA D4 or
KODAK MX 125 or FUJI IX80 or other CONTRACTOR accepted equivalent)
Films shall be carefully identified. The markings shall not be placed on welds and
shall include weld number, line identification, welders symbol and date of
examination.
Sensitivity of the radiographs shall be verified by the use of wire-type Image
Quality Indicator (IQI) as per ASTM E 142 or equivalent wire IQI such as DIN
54109 and/or European Norm EN 462.1. IQI shall be placed transversely to the
weld on the source side, for each exposure. The IQI may be placed on the film
side if the radiographic procedure has shown that acceptable sensitivity level may
be obtained and placement on the source side is not practical.
Sensitivity shall be as per table T-276 in ASME V, Article 2. Single film viewing
shall be used, and the film density shall be in the range of 2.5 to 3.5. For those
instances where the variable thickness makes single film impracticable, with
CONTRACTOR acceptance, double film viewing may be used. For the double film
technique, the film density shall be in the range of 2 to 3.5 for the double film
combination or each individual film. Higher densities (up to 4.0) may be
acceptable if adequate viewing and satisfactory interpretation of higher density
film are permitted by the viewing equipment.
The geometrical unsharpness shall not exceed 0.2 mm (piping shop fabrication) or
0.5 mm (Field assembly)
Radiography of welds in pipe NPS 3 or less may be performed by the elliptical
projection technique. At least two separate exposures are required at locations
90 apart.
Where there is no internal access, radiographs of welds in pipe shall be double
wall technique with a minimum of 2 shots up to NPS 4 and 3 shots over NPS 4
I ASTM
E1815 (, AGFA D4, KODAK MX 125, FUJI IX80
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ASTM E142 , , DIN 54109
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T-276
ASME, V, 2.
, 2,5 3,5.
,
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( 4,0) ,

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Page / 70
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
and only that portion of the weld on the film side of the
radiation-source side) shall be interpreted. Because of
diameters, wall thickness and source-to-film distances, it
take more than the minimum number of radiographs to
entire circumference of a weld.
pipe (opposite to the

the variation in pipe
may be necessary to
properly examine the
Welds of a size or type preventing conclusive radiograph images, (this does not
apply to welds in pressure retaining service including nozzle welds), such as some
types of branch connections and fillet welds, shall be given a magnetic particle
examination or ultrasonic testing. Internal surfaces shall be examined where
accessible.
Unless otherwise specified, the evaluation of indications and the acceptance
criteria of radiographs shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 paragraph 341.3
and Table 341.3.2 for the corresponding service conditions (Normal, category M,
severe cyclic). As a minimum, normal fluid category criteria shall be considered.
The RT procedure shall include the following minimum information:
Scope; source type (e.g. X-ray, IR 192, etc.); material type; material thickness;
pipe diameter for pipe components; maximum KV of X-ray source; maximum focal
spot size; minimum film to source distance; exposure time; sketch of component
and source; film and penetrameter placement for components other than simple
shape; image quality indicator type and pattern; technique (e.g. double wall single
image, etc.); sensitivity; film density; viewing conditions for high density; back
scatter checks/protection ; marking and identification of radiographs ; film overlap ;
film storage acceptance criteria ; reporting format ; operator qualifications ; stage
performed.
In addition to code requirement, report shall include the following informations as a
minimum :
Date of examination
Job number / item number
Source of radiation used together with power
Codification of defects used for interpretation
For each weld joint : shooting technique / geometrical unsharpness or

Rev./.
02R
0,2 (
) 0,5 ( ).

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Page / 71
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
calculating parameters
For each film : density / film used / IQI seen versus IQI required
Names and qualification reference of radiographer and radiographic

interpreter.
For field activities, procedures shall be compliant with Russian ionisation
regulations. Radiographic technique used shall be demonstrated to be effective.
Rev./.
02R
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Page / 72
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Rev./.
02R
12.9 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION (UT)
12.9 ()
Ultrasonic examination shall not be used as a substitute for the required

radiographic examination of welds, but shall be regarded as a complementary
examination to the radiography for the detection of Planar Flaws.

,
.
Ultrasonic testing may be used at the discretion of CONTRACTOR as additional

inspection, or in the case of special weld configuration, or depending on the
welding process used by the PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR.

,
, ,
.
Ultrasonic examination procedures shall be in accordance with the requirements

and methods specified in ASME Section V, Article 5.
The UT procedure shall include the following minimum information:
Scope; equipment; probe type and details; surface preparation, cleaning and
couplant; technique sheet for each technique specified (number of techniques to
be sufficient to cover all type of joints to be covered by the procedures scope);
material; weld material (if different); sketch showing joint configuration, beam
coverage; extent of scan; scanning pattern; material thickness and curvature;
calibrations and frequency; means of setting and scanning sensivity levels and
DAC curves; flaw location and size evaluation; acceptance criteria; reporting
format; operator qualifications.
12.10 TIME OF FLIGHT DIFFRACTION (TOFD)

Use of TOFD in substitution of RT when permitted by ASME B 31.3 Code
case 181 shall require prior CONTRACTOR approval and is subjected to
additional CONTRACTOR requirements.
-
The scope of application of TOFD is limited to the following welded joints:
Circumferential butt-weld in full penetration.
, ASME, V, 5.
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-
ASME
B31.3,
.
181,

.

:
Page / 73
JSC Yamal LNG
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Rev./.
02R
Base and weld metal in carbon steel
Base material equal and above 13 mm thickness.
Diameter 6 and above
13
Detailed TOFD procedure shall be submitted for approval with references

and TOFD operators qualification.
Any TOFD proposal by VENDOR shall be issued at bid stage including at
least the following:
PIPING CONTRACTOR references with TOFD (List and type of
equipments with Project name, Engineering Contractor, Client, Design code,
service, material, thickness, diameter, length and type of joint checked)
-
TOFD third party references (same as above)
Typical TOFD procedure
Operator qualification and experience
Type of TOFD equipment (including brand name of software and probes)

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13.
PRODUCTION HARDNESS TESTING
Production hardness test is mandatory after Post Weld Heat Treatment and shall
be performed on 10% of welds in each furnace heat-treated batch and 100% of
those which are locally heat-treated. Unless otherwise required hardness results
shall not exceed values listed in table 1 after Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT).
13.
A hardness test shall consist of at least one reading on weld metal. One reading
shall consist on three indentations.

10%
100%
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, 1.
Personnel performing hardness testing shall be familiar with all hardness testing
, ,
Page / 74
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
procedures and test methods.

Procedures and test methods used for portable hardness testing shall be in
accordance with ASTM A833 or ASTM E110 as applicable and submitted to
CONTRACTOR for review.
Only hardness tester with penetrometer shall be allowed (Krautkramer MIC 20,
TIV..), rebound method shall not be used (e.g.: EQUOTIP).
Hardness testing results shall be expressed in Brinell numbers. The hardness
report shall indicate actual hardness reading for the test method used, type of
hardness tester, personnel conducting hardness tests, type of material, and
calibration. The use of methods other than portable Brinell require CONTRACTOR
acceptance. Conversion shall be in accordance with ASTM E140.
Rev./.
02R
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.
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ASTM A833 ASTM E110

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(Krautkramer
MIC 20, TIV . .). (,
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14.
PRODUCTION FERRITE CHECKING
When required in paragraphs 7.5.3 of this specification for Austenitic Stainless

steel in 321, Ferrite Number (FN) shall be checked by means of portable
ferriscope or equivalent portable ferrite tester.
At least 5% of welds shall be checked with 3 measurements on 2 locations from
each weld.
The ferrite tester shall be calibrated on standard samples having certified ferrite
content between 2 and 15 FN in accordance with AWS A4.2.
14.
. 7.5.3
321,
()

.
, , 5%
.
Page / 75
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R

2 15 AWS A4.2.
15.
POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION
Positive alloy material identification shall be carried out on piping materials

according to 61402S-G-JSS-6300-00003
Positive Material Identification
16.
PIPING ERECTION
All piping shall be installed in accordance with the drawings.

Modifications to pipe routing may be necessary to avoid interferences. Such
modifications shall be determined by CONTRACTOR. Subcontractor shall execute
the modifications in a neat and workmanlike manner. Details of all modifications
shall be reflected on As-Built' record drawings. Subcontractor shall update the
relevant drawings for submission to CONTRACTOR.
Cold springing or forcing of piping for the purpose of joint make-up is not permitted
unless so specified on the drawings.
The application of heat to piping components by Line Heating or Flame
Straightening is prohibited.
Seam orientation of welded straight pipe and pipe to fittings shall be such that at
circumferential welds, the longitudinal welds shall be offset from the top of the
vertical pipe centreline preferably 30 left and 30 right for each successive
element. The minimum distance between the offset joints shall be 100mm or 5
times the pipe wall thickness whichever is greater. Care shall be taken to ensure
that longitudinal welds clear branch connections and do not interfere with the
seam welds of attached fittings and branches
Valves shall be installed with stems orientated as indicated on piping drawings.
Split disc wafer type check valves shall be installed with the shaft in the vertical
position. Globe valves shall be installed with the bottom of the disc facing the flow
direction. Valves with extended bonnets shall be installed with the stem in the
vertical position, or within 30 from the vertical.
15.

61402S-G-JSS-6300-00003

16.
.

.
.
.

.
.

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.

.

,
, 30
30 .
100
,
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Page / 76
JSC Yamal LNG
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Before flanged pipe spools are connected to pressure vessels, heat exchangers or
flanged equipment, inspection shall be carried out to ascertain that no stress is
placed on equipment flanges due to misalignment. For vessels, heat exchangers
and other equipment the mating flanged connection shall be parallel as per Table
1 (measured at the outside of the raised face across any diameter).
Pump and compressor piping shall be installed in a sequence which will avoid any
external loadings on the equipment connections. No stress transfer from piping to
equipment nozzle shall be allowed.
The following procedure shall be applied for the alignment of flanges to rotating
equipment:
a.
Install, bolt down on shims and grout rotating equipment level on the
foundation. Driver to equipment alignment to be set within manufacturer's
tolerances.
b.
Align pipework to equipment flanges to within the manufacturer's
tolerances. Adjust spring hangers where necessary (spring hanger must remain
in the locked position).
c.
For flanges of Class 300 and higher ratings the mating flanged connection
shall be parallel to within 0.15mm measured at the outside of the raised face
across any diameter. Flanges with lower rating shall be parallel to within 0.2mm
over the raised face diameter.
d.
After testing, and with Contractor approval, remove locking pins from
spring hangers and repeat flange alignment check. Alignment shall be within
specified tolerances. Adjust spring hangers to the correct loading (cold position).
e.
Check the coupling alignment between driver and driven equipment. Bolt
up piping to equipment flanges and torque the bolts to the specified tension.
f.
Recheck the coupling alignment during the bolting and tensioning of the
pipe flanges to the equipment flanges. The bolting up and tensioning of the
flanges shall not effect the coupling alignment between the driver and driven
equipment.
g.
Check setting of spring hangers. All spring hangers shall be at the
predicted load tension as per specification. Any variation between predicted and
Rev./.
02R

.

.
.

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0,15 .
Page / 77
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
actual load tension shall be brought to Contractor's attention for proper resolution.
When bolting gasketed flanged connections, the gasket shall be uniformly
compressed to at least the minimum torques as per table below:
Rev./.
02R

0,2 .
d.

.
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.

.
f.

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.
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.

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Page / 78
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
FT-LBS
02R
RECOMMENDED MINIMUM BOLTING TORQUES

BOLT DIA.
Rev./.
N-M
,
1/2
40
55
5/8
80
109
3/4
140
190
7/8
220
300
330
450
1 1/8
470
640
1 1/4
670
910
1 3/8
870
1,180
1 1/2
1150
1,560
1 5/8
1400
1,900
1 3/4
1800
2,440
1 7/8
2100
2,850
2700
3,660
Flanged connections shall be bolted up by incrementally tightening diagonally

opposite bolts in a clock or anticlockwise order so that an even gasket seating
results, on large piping it may be necessary to make up flanged connections with
construction gaskets before welding or post weld heat treatment to ensure that no
misalignment occurs during these operations.
All flanged connections shall be made using fully threaded stud bolts and nuts. A
minimum of one and a maximum of three complete full form threads shall protrude
from the nut after completion of tightening.
Threads on bolts and nuts shall be protected by a suitable nickel or copper base
1/2
40
55
5/8
80
109
3/4
140
190
7/8
220
300
330
450
1 1/8
470
640
1 1/4
670
910
1 3/8
870
1180
1 1/2
1150
1560
1 5/8
1400
1900
1 3/4
1800
2440
1 7/8
2100
2850
2700
3660

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Rev./.
02R
anti-seize compound
Piping shall be supported guided and anchored, as shown on the piping and
support detail drawings. Temporary supports are permitted to facilitate piping
installation provided they are completely removed upon completion of work in the
immediate area. Attaching temporary supports to stainless or alloy steel piping by
welding is not permitted.
Pipe shoes and sliding pipe support attachments shall be centred over the
concrete or steel support beams before any field welding or bolting to the pipe is
carried out.
Straight run pipe shall not be pulled through the pipe racks. Subcontractor may
submit alternative methods of pipe erection for CONTRACTOR approval.
Special precautions shall be taken during carbon steel piping erection in close
vicinity to stainless steel piping. Direct contact between carbon steel and stainless
steel is not permitted. Carbon steel slings, carbon steel tools, carbon steel bolts,
grinding discs containing carbon steel particles, carbon steel supports etc. shall
not be used during fabrication and installation of stainless steel. Stainless steel
piping shall be covered with tarpaulins or similar when carbon steel piping is being
erected or worked on in such a manner that the stainless steel cannot come in
contact with the carbon steel nor shall it become contaminated with grinding or
welding particles. Tools shall be identified for stainless steel work only. All
stainless steel piping and fittings shall be stored away from areas where carbon
steel is being worked on.
All pipe openings shall be sealed before, during and after erection to prevent the
ingress of moisture and foreign matter, flanged ends shall be sealed with light
metal blinds and gaskets or purpose manufactured plastic caps. Threaded ends
shall be plugged and sealed by waterproof grease tape or purpose made plastic
caps or plugs. This also includes open pipe ends of piping being erected in pipe
racks or equipment in the plant. Carbon steel blinds, spades and caps shall not be
used for temporary sealing of stainless steel pipe and components.
NOTE: On no account shall open pipe be used for overnight storage of tarps,
welding tents etc.
Flange gasket faces shall be free from rust, weld spatter, scars, paint, dents, arc
strikes, corrosion pitting and other imperfections

,
.

.

.

.

.
.

.
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Page / 80
JSC Yamal LNG
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In the event of damage to a flange gasket face or perceived discrepancy

Subcontractor shall refer the matter to CONTRACTOR prior to proceeding with
installation of the flange
Extreme care shall be taken during handling and erection of expansion joints.
Shipping rods shall remain in place until pressure testing is complete; however,
rods shall be loosened after joint tack up to reduce restraint during welding.
Proper care shall be taken to prevent ingress of moisture or dirt into the expansion
joint during erection
For preinsulated piping or piping with shop applied insulation every precaution
shall be taken to ensure that insulated parts remain weatherproofed at all times
during storage handling and erection to prevent moisture from entering behind or
into the insulation materials.
For cryogenic lines, all necessary steps shall be taken to prevent the ingress of
moisture during erection. This includes the re-installation of end caps immediately
following weld completion. In addition, Subcontractor may utilise dry air or
nitrogen purge during erection. This procedure must be approved by
CONTRACTOR for each application.
Subcontractor shall protect all field welded joints in carbon steel by taping the weld
and adjacent unpainted areas, on completion of NDE. The tape shall overlap
painted areas by a minimum of 25mm. The tape shall remain in place until
removal is required for inspection purposes during pressure testing. On
completion of pressure testing welded joints shall again be taped. Subcontractor
shall ensure that taped areas provide full protection and remain undamaged. Tape
to be used shall be 3M Scotch Brand No.471 or approved equivalent.
Rev./.
02R
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Rev./.
02R
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3M 471
.
17.
SUBCONTRACTOR DOCUMENTS
The MANUFACTURER shall prepare and keep up-to-date documents giving

detailed technical information on welding operations.
These documents shall include, but not be limited to, the following information:
Welding procedures specifications (WPSs)

Welding procedures qualification records (PQRs)
Welders performance qualifications (WPQs)
Accepted fabrication and shop drawings
Sequence in assembling piping components
Material traceability
Weld-logbook, see attachment 3, giving for each part or component
under fabrication the following minimum documentation:
Item number of the piping section containing the weld,
Weld number,
17.

,
.
, :

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,
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Page / 82
JSC Yamal LNG
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Date of welding,
Welder identification,
WPS used,
Type and date of each Non-Destructive Examination performed with
inspection results,
Records of heat treatment date, parameters and heat treatment charts (if
applicable),
Repairs and subsequent Non Destructive Examination performed,
Welding inspection report,
Hardness test measurements (if applicable),
Positive Material Identification results (if applicable)
Radiograph locations shall be carefully indicated on all the isometric drawings.

CONTRACTOR shall be provided with these documents when the work is
completed.
Rev./.
02R

, ( )

( )
( ).

.

.
Page / 83
18.
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
18.
ATTACHMENT 1 : PIPING WELDING KEY FORM
1:
Rev./.
02R
PROJECT:
QUALITY CONTROL
PIPING WELDING KEY FORM
CLIENT :
PROJ. No.:
REV.
PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR :
. ___ ___
No
.
SIGNATURE
C
C

NAME
AUTHORITY
CLIENT
PURCHASER
No.
Mater
ial
PIPING SUBCONTRACTOR
GT
AW
SMA
W
C h.
()
CLASS
(ES)
THK
range
(mm)
PIPING
PQR
Heat
Treatme
t
Prehea
t
PROCESS
AND FILLER
METAL
INSPECTORS
We
ld
D t
No.
WP
S
Base
SH. ___OF ___
Page / 84
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
DATE
QUALITY CONTROL
PROJECT:
PIPING WELDING KEY FORM
PROJ. No.:
CLIENT :
REV.

SH.
__
OF
:
:
:
.
. __
__
__
VENDOR :
Page / 85
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
Rev./.
02R
Page / 86
19.
J
JSC
Yamal LNG
G
Job S
Specification for
f Supply - Welding & NDE of Piping Shop
p and Field

-
/
ATTACHMENT 2 : MINIMUM AND

A
D PREFERED DIISTANCE BETW
WEEN
P
PIPING
WELDS
19.
2:
Rev./.
02R

.
1
Type of Weld
A
B
Minimum
m
distance
e
(the largestt of)
50 mm or 3T
3
50 mm or 3T
3
Two circumfe
erential welds on piping or tubing
Branch connections (with or without pads or
Olets) and cirrcumferential welld
C Two adjatent fillet weld
50 mm or 3T
3
N
Note
1: add centre
e line of weld to edge of weld dim
mensions to A, B or C
to
o get spool length
h
A
B
C
Document
D
/ 3300-E
E-000-MC-SPE-63002
2-00-D
Contractor
C
documentt number /
: 61402S-000-JSS-6
6300-00002
/
)

)
50

50

50

1:

A, B C
Page /
/
87
- /
Rev./.
02R
01
03
06
09
15
CA
LE
SA
SD
SH
0
1
2
6
B
D
F
S
01
30
50
60
70
01
30
50
60
70
C1 C2 C3 C4
VT
PT
MT
RT
UT
TOFD
R1
R2 CutOut
Paintingreport
Pressuretestreport
%ferritereport
Hardnessreport
PMIreport
NDEafterPWHT
reports
PWHTreport
Repair
NDEbeforePWHT
reports
Welderidentification
WeldingConsumable
number
WPSnumber
Cumulatelength
Length
Componentheat
number
Componenttype
Walltickness'mm)
WeldNumber
Diameter(mm)
Sequentialnumbering
/SpecialRequirement
Endconnection/Joint
Type
Corrosionallowance
Pipingclassbasicmaterial
PCMDesignCodeand
pressureRating
ISOFolioNumber
ISONumber
ATTACHMENT 3: WELD LOG BOOK
PIDNumber
Pipingsystem
20.
JSC Yamal LNG
VT PT MT RT UT TOFD
Pipe Pipe
ElbowElbow
Tee Tee
etc. etc.
Page / 88
01
CA
0
B
01
01
03
LE
1
D
30
30
06
SA
2
F
50
50
09
SD
6
S
60
60
15
SH
70
70
A
B
A
B
. .
. .
A
B
A
B
C1
C2
C3
C4
R1
R2
- /
()
()
ISO
PCM

20.
ISO
PID
JSC Yamal LNG

Rev./.
02R
3:
Page / 89
JSC Yamal LNG
- /
APPENDIX
Rev
02R
HISTORICAL REVISION CHANGE DETAILS
Location of Change
2.1
Modification of applicable codes to align

with PSTS
02R
2.2
Correction of specification numbers
02R
5.7
Modification of tolerances for assembly
02R
7.6.3.1
Modification
temperatures
02R
7.6.4
of
ferrite
content
Modification of impact test requirement
02R 11
Modification of scope of test coupons
02R 12.2
Modification of extend of NDE
02R
19
and
Modification of minimum distances between

welds
02R
2.1
02R
Brief Description of Change
Rev./.
(PSTS)
02R
2.2
02R
5.7
02R
7.6.3.1
02R
7.6.4
02R 11
02R 12.2
02R
19
Page / 90

(Welding) 3300-E-000-MC-SPE-63002-00-D - 02R

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JSC Yamal LNG

Job Specification for Supply

Welding & NDE of Piping Shop and Field

JSC Yamal LNG

CODES AND STANDARDS

EXCEPTION AND DEVIATIONS

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS

WELD JOINT PREPARATION AND FIT-UP

JSC Yamal LNG

PREHEATING INTERPASS TEMPERATURE HEAT INPUT

JSC Yamal LNG

POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)

PRODUCTION TEST COUPONS

NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (NDE)

PRODUCTION HARDNESS TESTING

PRODUCTION FERRITE CHECKING

POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION

ATTACHMENT 1 : PIPING WELDING KEY FORM

19. ATTACHMENT 2 : MINIMUM AND PREFERED DISTANCE

ATTACHMENT 3: WELD LOG BOOK

JSC Yamal LNG

GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION

JSC Yamal LNG

CLIENT : called COMPANY (means JSC YAMAL LNG ),

CONTRACTOR: called CONTRACTOR (means TECHNIP/JGC

VENDOR: the party which is responsible for the process design,

MATERIAL REQUISITION : the document (document code type:MR)

PRESSURE PART: part that mechanically withstand pressure and parts

JSC Yamal LNG

In case of conflict between documents, the following order of precedence shall

PSTS extracts stated in documents enclosed in Material Requisition

Russian Federation regulations, codes, norms and standards

International codes, norms and standards

Data Sheets enclosed in Material Requisition

Narrative specification enclosed in Material Requisition

Project specifications and other documents enclosed in Material

Notwithstanding the here above order of precedence, in case of discrepancy

JSC Yamal LNG

Russian language/or in any other language, in the event of any discrepancy

CODES AND STANDARDS

Section II, Part C

Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals

Welding and Brazing Qualifications

B31.3 Process Piping

JSC Yamal LNG

(ASTM) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS:

Standard Welding Terms and Definitions

Metallic Products - Types of Inspection Documents

JSC Yamal LNG

Classification of film for industrial radiography

Qualification and Certification of NDT personnel.

EN 719 Welding coordination -Tasks and responsibilities

Classification of film for industrial radiography

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO)

PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE (PFI)

The following PROJECT Specifications shall be used with their amendments:

JSC Yamal LNG

EXCEPTION AND DEVIATIONS

STORAGE AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS

JSC Yamal LNG

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL MATERIALS - ADDITIONAL

JSC Yamal LNG

Direct contact of stainless steel piping components with carbon steel