Chng 2: S khi in thoi di ng

Bi 1: Phn tch s khi in Thoi Di ng

Ni dung: S khi ca in thoi di ng, Nguyn l hot ng, Cc linh kin trong in thoi di
ng .

1. S khi ca in thoi di ng

2. Nguyn l hot ng
in thoi di ng c 3 khi chnh l
Khi ngun
Khi iu khin
Khi Thu - Pht tn hiu
Sau y l chc nng v nguyn l hot ng ca cc khi

2.1 Khi ngun

Chc nng:
- iu khin tt m ngun
- Chia ngun thnh nhiu mc ngun khc nhau
- n nh ngun cung cp cho cc ti tiu th
in p V.BAT cp ngun trc tip vo ba IC l IC ngun, IC cng sut pht v IC dung chung
led.
Khi ta bt cng tc ngun => tc ng vo IC ngun qua chn PWR-ON => M ra cc in p khi
ng cp cho khi iu khin bao gm :
+ VK1 ( in p khi ng 1 ) 2,8V cp cho CPU
+ VK2 - 1,8V cp cho CPU, Memory v IC m m tn
+ VK3 - 2,8V cp cho mch dao ng 26MHz
Sau khi c cp ngun, khi vi x l hot ng, CPU s trao i d liu vi Memory ly ra phn
mm iu khin cc hot ng ca my, trong c cc lnh quay li iu khin khi ngun m
ra cc in p cp cho khi thu pht tn hiu gi l cc in p iu khin bao gm :
+ VK1 (in p iu khin 1) Cp cho b dao ng ni VCO
+ VK2 Cp cho mch cao tn ch thu
+ VK3 Cp cho mch cao tn ch pht
iu khin np b xung :
Dng in t b xc i vo IC np v c CPU iu khin thng qua lnh CHA-EN np vo Pin,
khi Pin y thng qua chn bo Pin BSI a v CPU m CPU bit v ngt dng np .
S hot ng ca khi ngun c minh ho nh sau :

Minh ho s hot ng ca in thoi khi m ngun :

- Bc1 : Lp Pin vo my , my c cp ngun V.BAT
- Bc 2 : Bt cng tc ON-OFF , chn PWR-ON chuyn t mc cao xung mc thp .
- Bc 3 : IC ngun hot ng v cho ra cc in p VK cung cp cho khi iu khin bao gm dao
ng 13MHz, CPU v Memory
- Bc 4 : Khi iu khin hot ng v truy cp vo b nh Memory ly ra chng trnh iu
khin my .
- Bc 5 : CPU a ra cc lnh quay li IC ngun iu khin m ra cc in p cung cp cho khi
thu pht sng hot ng .
2.2 Khi iu khin
Bao gm CPU ( Center Processor Unit - n v x l trung tm ). CPU thc hin cc chc nng
- iu khin tt m ngun chnh, chuyn ngun gia ch thu v pht
- iu khin ng b s hot ng gia cc IC
- iu khin khi thu pht sng .
- Qun l cc chng trnh trong b nh
- iu khin truy cp SIM Card
- iu khin mn hnh LCD
- X l m qut t bn phm
- iu khin s hot ng ca Camera
- a ra tn hiu dung chung v chiu sng n Led .
Memory ( B nh ) bao gm:
- ROM ( Read Olly Memory ) y l b nh ch c lu cc chng trnh qun l thit b, qun l cc
IC, qun l s IMEI, ni dung trong ROM do nh sn xut np vo trc khi in thoi c xut
xng .
- SDRAM ( Syncho Dynamic Radom Access Memory ) Ram ng - l b nh lu tm cc chng
trnh phc v trc tip cho qu trnh x l ca CPU .
- FLASH y l b nh c tc truy cp nhanh v c dung lng kh ln dng np cc chng
trnh phn mm nh h iu hnh v cc chng trnh ng dng trn in thoi , khi hot ng CPU
s truy cp vo FLASH ly ra phn mm iu khin my hot ng .
- Memory Card : Th nh dng cho cc in thoi i cao lu cc chng trnh ng dng , tp tin
nh, video, ca nhc ...
2.3 Khi thu pht tn hiu :
Khi thu pht tn hiu bao gm
- RX l knh thu
- TX l knh pht tn hiu
Knh thu :
Knh thu c hai ng song song dng cho 2 bng sng
- Bng GSM 900MHz c tn s thu t 935MHz n 960MHz
- Bng DCS1800MHz c tn s thu t 1805MHz n 1880MHz
vit nam ch s dng bng GSM 900MHz v vy tm hiu v sa cha in thoi ta ch quan tm
n bng sng ny, bng DCS 1800MHz nc ngoi s dng .
Khi thu bng GSM 900MHz , tn hiu thu vo Anten i qua Chuyn mch Anten ng vo ng
GSM900MHz => i qua b lc thu lc b cc tn hiu nhiu => i qua b khuch i nng bin
tn hiu => i qua b ghp h cm to ra tn hiu cn bng i vo IC Cao trung tn .

Mch trng tn trn tn hiu cao tn vi tn s dao ng ni to ra t b dao ng VCO => to thnh
tn hiu trung tn IF => a qua mch khuch i trung tn khuch i ln bin ln cung cp
cho mch tch sng iu pha.
Mch tch sng ly ra 2 d liu thu RXI v RXQ
>> Tn hiu RXI v RXQ c a sang IC m m tn x l v tch lm hai tn hiu :
=> Tn hiu thoi c a n b i D - A ly ra tn hiu m tn => khuch i v a ra loa .
=> Cc tn hiu khc c a xung IC vi x l theo hai ng IDAT v QDAT ly ra cc tin hiu
bo dung chung, tin nhn ...
Knh pht
- Tn hiu thoi thu t Micro c a vo IC m m tn.
- Cc d liu khc ( thng qua giao tip bn phm ) a vo CPU x l v a ln IC m m tn theo
hai ng IDAT v QDAT
- IC m m tn thc hin m ho , chuyn i A - D v x l cho ra 4 tn hiu TXIP, TXIN, TXQP,
TXQN a ln IC cao trung tn .
- IC cao trung tn s tng hp cc tn hiu li sau iu ch ln sng cao tn pht .
- Dao ng ni VCO cung cp dao ng cao tn cho mch iu ch
- Mch iu ch theo nguyn l iu ch pha => to ra tn hiu cao tn trong khong tn s t
890MHz n 915MHz => tn hiu cao tn c a qua mch ghp h cm => a qua mch lc
pht => khuch i qua tng tin khuch i => a n IC khuch i cng sut khuch i ri a
qua b cm ng pht => qua chuyn mch Anten => i ra Anten pht sng v trm BTS .
- IC cng sut pht c iu khin thay i cng sut pht thng qua lnh APC ra t IC cao trung
tn .
- Mt phn tn hiu pht c ly ra trn b cm ng pht => hi tip v IC cao trung tn qua ng
DET gip mch APC t ng iu chnh cng sut pht . APC ( Auto Power Control )

3. Cc linh kin trn in thoi di ng

IC Vi x l :

IC ngun :

IC SDRAM

B nh FLASH

IC cao trung tn

IC khuch i cng sut pht

Chuyn mch Anten

B dao ng ni VCO

Thanh anh dao ng 27MHz ( in thoi s dng 26MHz)

Camera quay phim chp nh

Chung

M t rung

Mn hnh LCD

Cp tn hiu

Bi-2: Linh Kin V Tn Hiu Trong in Thoi Di ng

Ni dung: Bn cht ca in thoi di ng, Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng, B chuyn i
tn hiu Analog - Digital, Mch iu ch v tch sng trong IC cao trung tn, Cu to ca IC khuch
i cng sut pht, Cu to ca chuyn mch Anten.
1. Bn cht ca in thoi di ng
in thoi di ng ngy nay l s kt hp ca nhiu thit b
- Mt chic Radio
- Mt chic my pht sng cao tn
- Mt my vi tnh
- Mt Camera k thut s
=> Tt c c gi gn v thu nh trong mt thit b nh xu nm gn trong lng bn tay .
Nu bn hiu c Radio, nu bn hiu c My vi tnh tc l bn tin gn ti chic
in thoi di ng, v vy chng ti khuyn bn d dng tip cn chng trnh ny bn hy khm
ph chic Radio v chic my vi tnh trc .
2. Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng

Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng

 Tn hiu m tn:
y l tn hiu m thanh sau khi i thnh tn hiu in, tn hiu ny c tn s t 20Hz n 20KHz, l
tn hiu thu c sau Micro hoc tn hiu trn ng ra loa, tn hiu m tn l tn hiu Analog.
Tn hiu s:
y l tn hiu ch c hai mc in p "khng c in - biu din bng s 0" v " c in biu din
bng s 1 ", tn hiu m tn sau khi i qua mch chuyn i A - D s cho ra tn hiu s ( Digital ).
Trong in thoi tn hiu s l tn hiu lin lc gia IC cao tn vi IC m m tn, ngoi ra tn hiu s
l tn hiu x l chnh ca CPU v b nh Memory .
Tn hiu cao tn:
Tn hiu s c iu ch vo sng cao tn theo phng php iu pha to ra tn hiu cao tn
pht, tn hiu cao tn pht c tn s t 890MHz n 915MHz.
Tn hiu cao tn pht (TX) i ra t sau mch iu ch trn IC cao trung tn, chng c khuch i
tng cng sut trc khi a ra Anten pht v tng i thng qua cc trm thu pht.
3. B chuyn i A-D v D-A (Analog <=>Digital )
Bn trong IC m m tn:
Tn hiu tng t - Analog
Tn hiu Analog l tn hiu trong t nhin sau khi i ra tn hiu in nh tn hiu m tn, tn hiu th
tn ... tn hiu tng t c dng hnh sin .

Tn hiu Analog dng hnh sin

Tn hiu s - Digital
Tn hiu s khng c trong t nhin m y l tn hiu do con ngi to ra, tn hiu s ch c hai
trng thi:
- C in biu din bng s 1
- Khng c in biu din bng s 0

i tn hiu Analog sang Digital

Mch ly mu :

 Tn hiu m tn c ly mu tn s khong 10KHz, trung bnh tn hiu thoi c tn s t 1KHz

n 2KHz v vy mi chu k tn hiu c ly mu khong 5 n 10 im.
Cc im ly mu s o c cc gi tr t nh nht l 0 n ln nht l 255 mc. V d trn o
c gi tr ti cc im l:
A = 150
B = 240
C = 225
D = 80
E = 50
F = 140
Cc tn hiu ny s c i thnh tn hiu s (Bn xem li cch i trong chng "Tng quan"
chng trnh Phn cng my tnh).
A = 150 = 1001 0110
B = 240 = 1111 0000
C = 225 = 1111 0101
D = 80 = 0101 0000
E = 50 = 0011 0010
F = 140 = 1000 1100
Mch in i tn hiu Analog => Digital

Mch in i tn hiu Digital => Analog

4. Mch iu ch v tch sng bn trong IC cao - trung tn.
Mch iu ch cao tn
Sau khi i t tn hiu Analog thnh tn hiu Digital, kt hp vi cc tn hiu iu khin t CPU sau
tn hiu s c a vo mch iu ch cao tn.

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Mch iu ch theo phng thc iu pha, ti thi im tn hiu s i trng thi => s bin iu lm
cho tn hiu cao tn i pha 180o.

iu ch theo phng thc iu pha

iu ch thnh tn hiu cao tn pht

Mch iu ch cao tn theo phng thc iu pha nm trong IC cao trung tn => to ra sng cao tn
pht
Mch tch sng iu pha

Mch tch sng iu pha nm trong IC cao trung tn ly ra cc tn hiu s

5. Cu to IC khuch i cng sut pht.

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Hnh dng IC khuch i cng sut pht

Cu to ca IC khuch i cng sut pht ( trn ch v cho mt ng GSM)

IC khuch i cng sut pht l mch tch hp nhiu Transistor, nu bn hc phn cng sut
m tn ca Radio trong in t c bn th vic phn tch nguyn l ca mch trn s khng c g kh
khn.,
IC khuch i cng sut pht l linh kin c t l hng cao nht trong s cc IC ca in thoi di
ng, khi hng chng thng lm chp ngun V.BAT ( chp ngun Pin )
6. Cu to ca chuyn mch Anten

Hnh dng ca chuyn mch Anten

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Cu to ca chuyn mch Anten

Chuyn mch Anten c mt u vo chung l Anten thu pht, u ra c th ng sang cc ng
- TX-GSM y l ng pht cho bng sng 900MHz
- TX-DCS y l ng pht cho bng sng 1800MHz
- RX-GSM y l ng thu cho bng sng 900MHz
- RX-DCS y l ng thu cho bng sng 1800MHz
Chuyn mch s c iu khin ng sang mt trong 4 ng trn, c hai lnh iu khin
chuyn mch l VANT1 v VANT2 xut pht t IC cao trung tn .
Khi hng chuyn mch c th gy mt sng, khi ta c th u tt qua chuyn mch th .

Bi-3: Cc mch c bn trong TD

Ni dung: Tn hiu v mch Analog, Tn hiu v mch Digital .
1. Tn hiu v mch Analog
a) Tn hiu Analog (tn hiu tng t)
Tn hiu Analog l cc tn hiu trong t nhin sau khi i ra tn hiu in nh
- Tn hiu m tn - Audio
- Tn hiu th tn - Video
Cc tn hiu ny c dng hnh Sin

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Tn hiu Audio v Video l tn hiu Analog

Tn hiu dao ng v tn hiu cao tn cng l tn hiu Analog

b) Mch in Analog (mch tng t)
Mch in x l cho tn hiu Analog trong in thoi di ng bao gm:
Mch lc
Mch lc thng s dng cc linh kin L, C hoc R, C hoc s dng thch anh hay b lc Saw
Mch lc c s dng lc b cc tn hiu khng mong mun, v cho tn hiu cn thit i qua .
Trong in thoi mch lc c lp ngay sau Chuyn mch Anten knh thu hoc lp trc IC
khuch i cng sut pht knh pht .

Cc mch lc L-C , Thch anh, Lc Saw

Mch ghp h cm
Mch ghp h cm c s dng chia mt tn hiu thnh nhiu ng hoc tng hp nhiu
ng thnh mt ng. Trong in thoi mch ghp h cm c s dng tch tn hiu cao tn
trc khi i vo IC cao trung tn.

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Mch ghp h cm
Mch khuch i bin
Mch khuch i bin c s dng khuch i cc tn hiu yu thnh tn hiu kho hn, tn
hiu c a vo chn B v ly ra trn chn C.
Trong in thoi mch khuch i bin c dng khuch i tn hiu cao tn knh thu ngay
sau cc b lc hoc khuch i tn hiu cao tn knh pht trc khi a vo IC khuch i cng
sut .

Mch trn tn
Mch trn tn c s dng trn hai tn hiu nh Tn hiu cao tn (RF) vi Tn hiu dao ng ni
(OSC) ly ra tn hiu trung tn (IF)
Trong in thoi mch trng tn c s dng trong IC cao trung tn trn tn hiu cao tn vi dao
ng VCO v ly ra tn hiu trung tn IF, tn s IF bng hiu hai tn s trn .

Mch trn tn
Mch khuch i v cng
Mch khuch i cng l khuch i v dng cho tn hiu kho hn, tn hiu c a vo chn
B v ly ra chn E.
Trong in thoi mch khuch i v cng c s dng trong mch khuch i Dung, Chung
, Led, lnh iu khin ra t CPU c khuch i trc khi a vo thit b .

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Mch khuch i tn hiu chung

IC khuch i thut ton (OP- Amplier)
IC khuch i thut ton rt thng dng trong cc thit b in t ngy nay, IC c hai ng tn hiu
vo, mt ng ra, c mt n hai ng cp ngun, trong mt IC thong thng c rt nhiu OPAmplier.
Tu theo s thit k bn ngoi m IC c th c s dng to thnh mch dao ng, mch
khuch i, mch cng tn hiu, mch i tn hiu Digital sang Analog v ngc li.
Trong in thoi, cc mch khuch i tn hiu m tn ra loa v khuch i tn hiu Micro thng s
dng IC khuch i thut ton.

S dng IC khuch i thut ton khuch i tn hiu m tn ra loa v khuch i tn hiu Micro
Mch i D - A s dng IC khuch i thut ton
Trong in thoi , tn hiu thoi c i t Analog sang Digital khi pht v c i ngc li t
Digital sang Analog khi thu, cc mch ny thng s dng phn t OP-Amplier thc hin trong
cc IC m m tn .
2. Tn hiu v mch Digital
a) Tn hiu Digital (Tn hiu s)
c im ca tn hiu s:
- Tn hiu s khng c sn trong t nhin.
- L tn hiu do thit b bin i m thnh.
- Tn hiu s ch c hai mc in p l c (k hiu l 1) v khng (k hiu l 0)
- Vic x l, lu tr v truyn tn hiu s n gin hn so vi tin hiu Analog v cho chnh xc cao
hn rt nhiu.
- Mt tn hiu: V d tn hiu m tn chuyn thnh tn hiu s ngi ta phi i t dng Analog
sang Digital

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Tn hiu s Digital
Trong in thoi di ng, tn hiu s l tn hiu x l ca CPU, l tn hiu nh trong Memory v l tn
hiu giao tip gia hai IC l IC cao trung tn v IC m m tn. Mch x l tn hiu s gi l mch
s, mch s thng s dng cc cng Logic.
b) Mch x l s - Cc cng Logic
Cc cng Logic l thnh phn to nn cc IC x l tn hiu s nh CPU, IC m m tn v mt phn
trong IC cao trung tn, bao gm cc cng sau :
Cng AND
Cng AND c tn hiu ra bng tch cc tn hiu vo

+ Cng AND nhiu ng vo

Ng ra c gi tr bng tch cc ng vo
Cng OR

Cng OR c tn hiu ra bng tng cc tn hiu vo

+ Cng OR nhiu ng

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 Cng NAND

Cng NAND c tn hiu ra bng tch cc tn hiu vo v o

li
Cng NOR

Cng NOR c tn hiu ra bng tng cc tn hiu vo v o li

Cng NOT

Cng NOT c tn hiu ra o li vi tn hiu vo

Mt s v d v ng dng ca mch s :
Th d ngi ta c th s dng mch AND to thnh mt cng tc in t.

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Mch cng tc in t
Ta c X = A . B
Nu B = 0 => X lun lun = 0 => Tn hiu b kho
Nu B = 1 => X = A hay tn hiu ra X nh tn hiu vo A
Kim tra cc ng in p

Dng cng AND nhiu ng kim tra in p trn 4 ng VBB,VCORE, VCXO, VSYN
=> Ch khi no c 4 ng trn c in p th ng ra Z mi c in v n mi sng
- Nu n led khng sng l biu hin ca mt ng no mt in p .

Bi-4: Cc m b mt thng s dng.

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Ni dung: Cc m b mt trn my NOKIA , Cc m b mt trn my SAMSUNG .

Cc m c bit trn my in thoi di ng
Trong mt s trng hp my ca bn vn c song nhng bn khng th gi hay khng th nhn
cuc gi, bn hy s dng cc m c bit tr v ci t gc ca nh sn xut, nu khng c
bn mi quyt nh chy li phn mm .
Khi bn mua my c, ch vi mt vi thao tc n gin l bn bit ngay my bn nh mua cn
nguyn bn hay khng, b sa cha cha ?, sn xut t bao gi ? c phi l my chnh hiu
khng ?...
S IMEI m bn kim tra hy so vi s IMEI trn nhn sau Pin ca my phi trng nhau, nu khc
nhau l my ca bn b thay th sa cha .
M C BIT TRN MY NOKIA
M _ ngha
12345 _ M ci t chun ca NOKIA
*#06# _ Hin th s IMEI (ca tt c cc loi my)
*#0000# _ Thng bo phin bn phn mm
*#2820# _ Hin th a ch thit b Bluetooth
*#92702689# _ M kim tra s Series ca sn phm, nu my b thay bo mch th khi bm
m ny s khng hin th c s Series. Sau khi xem m ny bn phi tt ngun v bt li
*#7780# hoc *#7370# _ M s cho php bn khi phc cc ci t mc nh ca nh sn xut, khi
nhn m ny bn phi nhp mt m ca b, thng thng mt m mc nh ca NOKIA l 12345,
nu bn s dng my ci h iu hnh Symbial nh 3230, 7610, 7650 bn c th nhp m *#7370#
tr li ton b my v trng thi ban u.
Ch : khi nhp m ny - Danh b in thoi s b xo .
*#7370925538# _ Xo ton b cc thng tin b mt trn my c bo v bng mt khu m khng
cn bit mt khu, nu my hi th bn nhp mt m ca my ng xo.
*#67705646# _ M s cho php bn xo biu tng ca nh cung cp dch v nh Vinaphone hoc
Mobifone, chc nng ny ch c hiu lc vi my c mn hnh en trng .
M C BIT TRN MY SAMSUNG
M _ ngha
*#06# _ Hin th s IMEI ca my
*#9999# _ Hin th phin bn phn mm
*#0289# _ Kim tra chung
*#0842# _ Kim tra dung
*#0001# _ Hin th cc thng s dng kt ni vi my tnh thng qua giao tip RS-232
*2767*3855# _ Khi phc ton b thng tin trong b nh EFPROM v trng thi ban u (lnh
Reset) Lnh ny nguy him 1 s my (khng c tho Pin khi my ang khi ng li)
*2767*2878# _ Lnh Reset - mt mt s ng dng ti them v mt danh b trong my
*2767*927# hoc *2767*7377# _ Hai lnh Reset (hai lnh ny an ton hn)
*#8999*246# _ Hin th trng thi chng trnh
*#8999*324# _ Hin th mn hnh s li
*#8999*377# _ hIn th cc li ca EFPROM
*#8999*523# hoc *#0523# _ Thay i tng phn ca mn hnh tinh th lng (ch chnh
Contras hay b mt hin th m hnh kh ly li c )
*#8999*636# _ Hin th trng thi b nh
*#8999*778# _ Hin th bng cc dch v ca SIM
*#8999*842# _ Th ch dung ca my

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*#8999*9266# _ Mn hnh g li
*#8999*9999# _ Phin bn phn mm
*2767*2878# hoc *267*7377# _ M m Lock (unlock) ca cc my Samsung
*#0228# _ Bo nhit v dung lng Pin
*#8999*8378#8500 _ Xem mt s thng s tng hp

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