Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MBA Chuong2
MBA Chuong2
53
a/
b/
c/
100
80
Dong chm
60
IS
Ix
IS
40
Dong s cap
20
0
Khong cach
t trung tnh
en iem
chm (%
cuon day)
20
40
60
80
100
54
CC
+
RI
RI
RT
-
55
Th
+
RI
RI
RI
Rth
en rle tha
hanh chung
56
Nguon
ti
a/
c ham
c ham
87
c lviec
b/
87
c lviec
+
RT
RI
IN
57
IO
Rle so lech
th t khong
64N
IO
R
IN
87N
Z
a/
b/
58
RL
a/
87
87
b/
87
87
a
b
T
c
59
Bnh du ph
Phao 1
96B
T thng du
MBA
Phao 2
n bnh
du ph
Thng
MBA
b)
a)
60
o nhit cun dy MBA ngi ta thng dng thit b loi AKM 35,
y l thit b s dng in tr nhit c phn t t nng c cp in t bin dng
pha cao v h my bin p. Rle nhit cun dy gm bn b tip im (mi b c
mt tip im thng m, mt tip im thng ng vi cc chung) lp bn trong
mt nhit k c kim ch th.
Thit b ch th nhit
cun dy
61
Dng
ti
Tn hiu ra
nh my bin p
Phn t cm ng nhit
Thit b ch th
mc du thn
my
du
ng du ni
n b i nc
ng du ni n thn
my
ng th c bnh
silicagel
62
9
8
5
3
7
63
Ct my ct
Ct my ct
R.63
Hnh 2.44: S khi bo v R63 OLTC
R86.
Mun ti lp li MBA sau khi rle tc ng phi t li Rle kha trung gian
64
Nguon
Th
+
RI
RT
65
C iu
chnh
in p
SBm
Thng s sn xut
Um cun Un(%) Pn Po
dy
Uc Uh
Io(%)
Dng ngn mch ln nht, nh nht xut hin trong cc dng ngn mch.
Cc thng s, c tnh ca my bin dng in, bin in p.
Cc yu cu bo v rle ca MBA.
66
U1
51
SHT
50
N2
U2
N1
I. BO V QU DNG IN
I.1. Cu ch:
Cu ch c chn theo iu kin sau:
Icc Kat.Im
(2-5)
67
I.2.1. Bo v ct nhanh:
Xc nh dng ngn mch s cp cc i chy qua ch t bo v khi ngn
mch ngoi (INngmax) ti im N1 trong hnh.
U1
I Nngmax = I (3)
(2-7)
xht
N1 =
3(x B + x ht )
Trong :
U N %.U2Bm
100.SBm
xB
N1
Dng in khi ng bo v:
I k = K at .I Nngmax
(3)
(2-8)
(3)
K at .K s
.I Nngmax
(2-9)
nI
K (3)
s : h s k n s ni dy ca BI.
Kim tra nhy ca bo v ng vi tnh trng ngn mch hai pha trn cc
MBA pha ni vi ngun trong ch lm vic cc tiu ca h thng (imN2).
I
(2-10)
K n = Nmin 2
I K
Thi gian bo v: t = 0sec.
I.2.2. Bo v qu dng c thi gian:
Xc nh dng khi ng ca bo v:
K .K
(2-11)
I k = at mm .I lv max
K tv
y dng Ilv max dng lm vic max qua ch t bo v. Trong trng hp
khng bit c th ly Ilv max = IBm . Vi MBA ba cun dy dng Ilv max ly tng ng
ca tng cun.
Kat: h s an ton (1,1 - 1,2).
Kmm: h s m my (1,3 - 1,8).
Ktv: h s tr v (0,85 - 0,9).
I kR =
K (3)
s .I k
Kn =
nI
I N1min
I k
(2-12)
(2-13)
y IN1min dng ngn mch nh nht qua bo v khi ngn mch trc tip
cui vng bo v (im N1). Dng ngn mch tinh ton l dng ngn mch hai pha
nn:
U1
I (2)
N1 =
3.(x1 + x 2 )
68
Trong :
(2-16)
tc2 = tc1 + t
(2-17)
I (3)
K n = N1min 1.5
I k
Dng khi ng ca BVI2:
K
I 2k = at .I Bm . Vi Kat = 1,2; Ktv = 0,85
K tv
RI
RU
(2-19)
N1
2MC
1MC
(2-18)
Ct 1 v 2 MC
Ct 2MC
RI
LI2
RT
t BU thanh
gop
U1
51N
N 1(n)
U2
II. Bo v qu ti
Dng khi ng ca bo v qu ti :
Dng khi ng ca rle :
K at .I Bm
K tv
K (3)
.I
I kR = s k
nI
I k =
(2-20)
(2-21)
Thi gian t ca bo v:
t = tbv max + t
(2-22)
Khi chn I k theo iu kin (2-24) th iu kin (2-23) cng c tho mn,
v vy thng ch tnh theo iu kin (2-24).
70
nhy ca bo v:
Khi lm bo v chnh:
3I
(2-25)
K n = 0min 1,5
I K
Ly (3I0min ) khi ngn mch trn thanh gp ca trm.
Khi lm bo v d tr: Kn 1,2. Lc dng 3I0min l dng b nht khi ngn
mch cui vng d tr.
in khng TTK ca MBA
Vi MBA hai dy qun in khng th t thun (TTT) bng in khng th
t nghch (TTN) bng in khng th t khng X1B = X2B = X0B .
MBA ba pha ba dy qun ni /Yo/Y loi ny thng c s dng vi
cun ni vi my pht in, cun Yo ni vi thanh ci cao p, cun Y l trung p
35KV thng trung tnh khng ni t. Do vy tng tr TTK ca loi ny bng tng
tr TTT ca cun Yo. Nu t ni dy /Yo/Yo, vi cun c ti, in khng TTK
ca mi cun chnh bng TTT,
MBA t ngu in khng TTK ca mi cun chnh bng in khng TTT.
Up
I 1(n) =
(2-26)
(x1 + z(n)
)
(n)
NM 1 pha(A)
1
NM 2 pha chm t (B,C) 1,1
Zn
I n0
x2 + x0
x 2 .x 0
x2 + x0
I1
x2
I1
x2 + x 0
Trong :
- n: dng ngn mch.
x1
x1
- Io: dng in th t khng.
x2
x2
x0
- z(n)
: Tng tr s c thm vo.
71
72
+ Chn bin dng pha h 6 kV. Mch th cp BI ni sao. Dng in tnh ton
chn BI pha h p bng:
Sm
20.103
I sH =
=
= 1937A
3.U m
3.6
Chn bin dng loi 2000/5 A.
Dng in th cp BI hai pha tng ng bng:
I
I tC = sC . 3 = 4,55A
nI
I sH
= 4,84A
nI
chnh lch dng in th cp hai pha bng :
I tC I tH
4,55 4,84
.100 =
.100 = 6.4%
I tC
4,55
I tH =
Gn y, trong rle so lch hin i ngi ta thc hin vic cn bng pha
v tr s dng in th cp cc pha ca MBA ngay trong rle so lch.
/Y-1
B C
/Y-11
N
A
a/
a b c
B C
11
a b c
b/
Y/-11
Y/-1
B C
c/
C
A
A
a b c
B C
d/
11
a
B
73
b
c
a b
Y/Y-6
Y/Y-0
B C
e/
a b c
B C
f/
a
b
b
c
a b c
c
B
Hnh 2.22: S o noi day mch th cap may bien dong phu hp vi to noi day MBA:
A, B, C: vect dong ien s cap pha A, B, C ca MBA.
a, b, c: vect dong ien th cap pha a, b, c ca MBA.
Tn gi cc i lng
Dng s cp cc pha ca MBA
tng ng vi cng sut nh mc
H s bin i ca BI
T ni dy ca BI
Dng th cp trong cc nhnh ca
bo v tng ng vi cng sut nh
mc
74
Dng khng cn bng s cp ton phn tnh theo cng thc sau:
'
'
I kcbtt = I 'kcbtt + I 'kcbtt
+ I "kcbtt
(2-31)
Vi:
(2-32)
(2-33)
Trong o :
U, U: sai so tng oi do viec ieu chnh ien ap cac pha ca MBA c
bo ve lay bang na khong ieu chnh cho tng pha tng ng. ong thi khi tnh so
vong day ca may bien dong bao hoa trung gian phi lay gia tr trung bnh ca ien
ap pha co ieu chnh.
I Nng max va INng max: thanh phan chu ky ca dong chy qua pha co ieu
chnh ien ap ca MBA khi ngan mch ngoai tnh toan.
'
I "kcbtt
: thanh phan do viec chn so vong day cac pha khong c bn
khong phu hp vi gia tr tnh toan ca chung gay nen:
W WI
W WII
'
(2-34)
I "kcbtt
.I INng max + IItt
= Itt
.I IINng max
WItt
WIItt
Trong :
I k K at .I kcbtt
(2-36)
Vi Kat: h s an ton k n sai s ca rle v d tr, c th ly bng 1,3.
Theo iu kin chnh nh khi gi tr nhy vt ca dng in t ho khi ng
MBA khng ti :
75
I k K.I mB
(2-37)
Trong : ImB l dng in nh mc tng ng vi cng sut nh mc ca
MBA (ca cun dy c cng sut ln nht) v vi cng sut mu ca MBA t ngu
cha k n h s nhit i ho, ly theo pha c bn.
K: l h s chnh nh chn trong khong 1,0 - 1,3 khi tnh ton bo v my
bin dng bo ha trung gian.
Theo hai iu kin (a) v (b) ta chn gi tr ln nht lm gi tr tnh ton.
5. S b kim tra nhy c th xc nh xem c th dng rle PHT c
hay khng hay phi dng rle c c tnh hm loi ZT.
s b kim tra nhy cn xc nh dng ngn mch trc tip khi h hng
xy ra trn cc cc MBA trong tnh trng tnh ton. Tnh trng tnh ton y cn
cp n c ch lm vic ca MBA v c ch lm vic ca h thng.
H s nhy ca bo v xc nh theo cng thc:
I
(2-38)
K n = R
I kR
Trong IR l dng trong cun dy rle. Dng ny ph thuc vo dng ngn
mch v s ni dy ca my bin dng. Trn hnh 2.23 v s phn b dng in
trong mch bo v so lch ca MBA 3 cun dy i vi mt s trng hp ngn
mch khc nhau. n gin, h s nhy c xc nh vi gi thit l ton b
dng ngn mch ch chy t mt pha n.
IkR: dng khi ng ca rle tng ng vi s vng pha c dng IR chy
qua.
Nu h s nhy tnh c ln hn 2 th s tip tc tnh ton cho rle PHT
theo trnh t tip theo di y cn khng th c th khng cn tnh thnh phn Ikcbtt
do iu chnh in p gy nn vi gi thit l khi thay i u phn p ta cng s
thay i i lng t ca bo v.
Trong nhng trng hp khi khng tnh n thnh phn Ikcbtt m bo v
vn khng m bo c nhy cn thit hoc l phi bt buc k n thnh phn
khng cn bng th nn dng cc bo v c c tnh hm loi ZT (xem mc 3).
i vi nhng trng hp ng th MBA vo mt pha in p no hoc
khi MBA ba cun dy (hay t ngu) lm vic trong tnh trng mt my ct pha no
ct ra th c th cho php ta h thp yu cu v nhy ca bo v so lch.
Trong nhng trng hp ny nu bo v khng nhy th cc bo v khc nh
bo v rle hi, hay bo v d tr ca MBA s tc ng ct MBA.
6. Xc nh s vng cun c bn ca bin dng bo ha trung gian, tng ng
vi dng khi ng ca bo v (pha c bn l pha c dng in th cp BI ln
nht).
F
(2-39)
Wcbtt = kR
I kRcb
Trong : IkRcb l dng khi ng ca rle tnh qui i v pha c bn. N bng t s gia
dng khi ng s cp vi h s bin i ca BI pha c bn c tnh n s ni dy,
IkRcb = Ks.(Ik / nI).
Gi tr nI theo pha c bn.
FkR: Sc t ng (A-Vng) khi ng ca rle
nBI
n BI
(2)
IN
wI
3w I
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
n BI
k=
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
n BI
=1
w III
w II
w III
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
n BI
n BI
nBII
nBIII
a
a/
Nguon
I (1)
N
nBI
I (1)
N
wI
wI
= w II
(1)
IN
w II
nBI
w III = 3w I
w III
nBII
nBIII
a
77
b/
Nguon
C
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
n BI
nBI
(2)
IN
wI
wI
n BI
= w II
w III =
n BI
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
w II
3w I
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
(2)
IN
n BI
(2)
IN
n BI
w III
nBII
nBIII
a
c/
Nguon
n BI
A
(3)
IN
nBI
(3)
IN
(3)
IN
nBI
n BI
(3)
3I N
wI
k=
3w I
w III
=1
(3)
IN
(3)
IN
(3)
IN
n BI
(3)
IN
(3)
3I N
(3)
IN
(3)
IN
w II
n BI
w III
nBII
nBIII
a
78
d/
(3)
3I N
n BI
Nguon
(2)
n BI =
k=
3w I
w III
(2)
IN
2.IN
nBI 3
IN
nBI 3
nBI 3
wI
(2)
IN
2I N
(2)
IN
=1
(2)
(2)
IN
(2)
(2)
IN
2 .I N
(2)
IN
w II
(2)
IN
w III
(2)
(2)
IN
nBII
nBIII = 1
a
e/
79
W WII
WItt WI
.I IINng max
.I INng max + IItt
WIItt
WItt
'
'
I kcbtt = I 'kcbtt + I 'kcbtt
+ I "kcbtt
Cuon so lech
2
3 2 1 0
8 16 24
12 20
RI
11
RI
12
Cuon so lech
01 234
01234
3
RI
RI
3 2 1 0
8 16 24
12 20
11
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Gi tr
bng s
10
11
12
13
'
I kcbtt = I 'kcbtt + I 'kcbtt
'
+ I "kcbtt
I kRcb K at .I kcbtt
I k
nI
Pha c bn Wcb
Pha I WI
Pha II WII
I kRcb = K s
Flv (A-V)
1300
1100
900
Vung khi
ong
800
600
400
Vung
ham
200
0
200
400
600 800
Fh (A-V)
82
Cuon ham
2
6
1 3 5 7 9 11
Cuon so lech
9
0 1 2 3
RI
3210
8 16 24
12 20
RI
11
12
Cuon th cap
(2-43)
Dng khng cn bng tnh ton Ikcbtt chn dng khi ng Ikmin c xc
nh nh rle PHT.
'
'
I kcbtt = I 'kcbtt + I 'kcbtt
+ I "kcbtt
WItt WI
W WII
.I INng max + IItt
.I IINng max
WItt
WIItt
* Theo iu kin chnh nh khi dng t ho nhy vt khi ng MBA khng
'
I "kcbtt
=
ti:
I k K.I mT
(2-44)
* Theo iu kin chnh nh khi dng ngn mch ln nht khi ngn mch sau
MBA t dng (hoc khng in t dng). Nu trong mch t dng khng t bin
dng cho bo v so lch. Thng thng iu kin ny khng phi l iu kin tnh
ton.
83
Trong hai iu kin (a), (b) h s an ton ly cao hn i vi loi rle PHT v
trong rle so lch loi ZT khng c cun dy ngn mch, nh hng ca dng qu
s ln hn.
5. S vng ca cun dy lm vic ca my bin dng bo ha (cun cn bng
v cun so lch) tng ng vi dng Ikmin xc nh tng t nh i vi bo v
dng rle PHT. Theo cng thc (2-39), (2-40), v (2-41):
F
I
I
Wcbtt = kR ; WItt = Wcb . cbT ; WIItt = Wcb . cbT
I kRcb
I IT
I IIT
6. Cun hm ca rle ZT nn ni vo t my bin dng no m bo c
nhy ca bo v ni chung cao nht. Mun vy phi lm sao cho:
Dng khi ng ca bo v cng b cng tt.
Khi ngn mch trong vng bo v (trong nhng trng hp kim tra
nhy) tc ng hm cng b cng tt.
Thc t chn c pha ni vi cun hm mt cch hp l cn phi xem
xt mt cch c th.
V d i vi cc s ni vi my tng p (hnh 2.27) c th chn t my
bin dng ni vi cun hm nh sau:
II
a/
II
b/
III
TD
en
cuo
n
ham
III
II
TD
II
I
en
cuo
n
ham
en
cuo
n
ham
c/
III
en
cuo
n
ham
d/
TD
III
TD
Hnh 2.27: S o noi day cac MBA tang ap 3 cuon day (t ngau)
dung rle so lech co cuon ham
84
II
I
en
cuo
n
ham
en
cuo
n
ham
b/
a/
III
III
I
II
II
I
en
cuo
n
ham
c/
e/
d/
III
II
III
en
cuo
n
ham
Hnh 2.28: S o noi day cac MBA gim ap 2, 3 cuon day (hoac t
ngau) dung rle so lech co cuon ham
85
86
Trong :
K at .I kcbtt Wlvtt
.
Ih
tg
(2-46)
Dng ngn mch tnh ton chn s vng cun hm theo biu thc (2-46) l
ngn mch ba pha xy ra trong ch khi I ln nht:
K .I
(2-47)
I = at kcbtt
Ih
xc nh gi tr ln nht ca I cn phi kho st nhng trng hp ngn
mch pha do tc ng ca cun hm bo v s khng lm vic. ng thi trong
trng hp chung tin hnh tnh ton cho nhng phng n lm vic khc nhau ca
MBA v ca h thng in.
Khi sc t ng lm vic do dng khng cn bng gy nn ln hn 100A c th
dng biu thc (2-46) v thay ng c tuyn khi ng bng tip tuyn ca n
(tg = 0,85). Khi sc t ng b hn 100A c tuyn khi ng thc t khc nhiu
so vi ng tip tuyn ca n, v vy nu tnh theo ng tip tuyn th s vng
cun hm nhn c s cao hn gi tr cn thit ca n. Mt khc vic xc nh tnh
trng tnh ton s dng ng cong thc t s gp kh khn v khi tng t s I
theo (2-47) i vi c tnh thc t th tg cng tng theo.
8. nhy ca bo v khi h hng xy ra trong vng bo v trong nhng ch
khi cun hm khng lm vic c th c trng bng h s nhy tnh theo cc
cng thc:
IR
Kn =
I kR
hoc
Kn =
I R .W
Fk R
Cc ch lm vic v dng ngn mch tnh ton cng nh h s nhy ti
thiu cho php cng chn tng t nh l i vi cc bo v rle PHT.
9. nhy ca bo v trong nhng trng hp cun hm lm vic (c dng
chy qua cun hm) h s nhy trong trng hp ny tnh theo cng thc:
Flv
(2-48)
Kn =
Flvk.R
87
Trong :
IhT: dng trong cun hm ca rle so lch dng ngn mch ang kho st
c k n s ni dy ca BI.
Wh: s vng dy ca cun hm.
Trn mt phng Flv, Fh v im biu din tng ng vi Flv, tnh theo (2-49)
v (2-50) v Fh tnh theo (2-51) cho trng hp ngn mch kho st.
V ng thng OA,
ng thng ny l qu tch
nhng im tng ng vi dng
Flv (A-V)
1300
ngn mch kho st qua cc in
tr trung gian khc nhau, bi v
1100
khi ngn vi nhng in tr trung
Vung tac
gian khc nhau s phn b dng
ong
900
in v quan h gia cc dng
lm vic v hm s khng thay
800
i. im ct nhau gia ng
Flvtt
thng ny vi ng cong khi
600
ng ca rle tng ng vi tc
A
ng hm ln nht (im A trn
400
hnh 2.29) s l im biu din
Vung
ham
gii hn tc ng ca rle, do
200
sc t ng lm vic tng ng
vi im ny s l im lm vic
Flh
FlvkR
khi ng FlvkR dng ngn
0
200 400 600 800 (A-V)
mch ang kho st c in tr
trung gian.
Hnh 2.29: Xac nh sc t ong lam viec khi ong
ca rle theo ac tnh khi ong khi o ham ln
nhat.
88
Bien dong
ph
C.ham
87
87
C.lam viec
89
S cap BI ph
P1
P2
Bien
dong ph
Bien
dong ph
C.ham
87
Gii:
S1
C.lam viec
S2
87 au ra ti rle
87
30.103
= 1574,6A
Dng nh mc pha 11 KV:
3.11
Cun dy MBA pha 11KV ni, BI ni Y, dng th cp vo rle (chn BI
chnh 1600 /1):
1574,6.1
= 0,984A
I TI =
1600
30.103
= 262,4 A
3.66
Cun dy MBA pha 66KV ni Y, BI ni Y, dng th cp a vo rle (chn
BI chnh 300 /1):
262,43.1
I TII =
= 0,875A
300
b lch pha BU ph u Y/.
T s (66KV / 11KV) = 0,875 / 0,984 = 0,899.
Cun dy th cp S1-S2 l 215 vng.
S vng ca cun s cp BI ph nI c tnh:
0,984.215
0,984.215
0,875.n1 =
; n1 =
= 139,6 140 von
3
3.0,875
Chn hai u ni cun s cp BI ph l 2 v 6 (5 + 5 + 5 + 125) = 140 vng.
90
C th lin kt bo v so lch th
t khng cun dy MBA v bo v so
lch dc MBA. T hnh 2.32 ta thy nu
trung tnh cun sao ni t qua in tr
1 n v tng i, h thng bo v so
lch dc c tr s t 20% s pht hin
chm ch 42% cun dy tnh t u
ng dy. Yu cu s ca hai b BI
cho hai h thng so lch khc nhau, BI
ca bo v so lch TTK ni sao, trong
khi BI ca h thng bo v so lch
dc th ni pha cun dy ni sao
MBA, dng hai b BI th tn km, c
th dng mt b BI cho hai h thng so
lch theo cc cch sau:
Dng my bin dng ph tng.
Dng my bin dng ph Y/.
Phng php sau c dng rng
ri hn v c th iu chnh dng khng
cn bng cho bo v so lch dc.
(%)
Im
100
80
Bo ve chm at
60
40
% Cuon
day c
bo ve
B.ve so
lech
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
a) S BI ph tng:
BI ph tong co bon cuon day s cap giong nhau noi ti cac BI chnh nh
hnh 2.33. Cac BI noi oi vi he thong so lech dc, dong a vao rle so lech dc
la hieu dong hai pha. oi vi BI ph tong dong vao rle van la dong tng pha, tong
cac dong la 0 khi ieu kien can bang cuon th t ca BI ph la dong t trung tnh
MBA, rle at cuon th BI ph se bo ve chm at cuon day noi sao MBA, nh
the s o nay bo ve so lech dc va bo ve so lech th t khong lam viec theo
ac tnh rieng ca mnh.
b) S BI ph Y/:
Khi BI chnh ni Y pha cun cao MBA th t BI ph ni Y/ hiu chnh
gc pha nh hnh 2.34. Rle chng chm t c ni t pha s BI ph. Lu trong
cc s kt hp trn rle lm vic ng, khi chn BI chnh phi tnh n ti ca
BI chnh, BI ph v cc rle.
V. BO V SO LCH KHI C DNG T HO NHY VT, HIN TNG QU
KCH T MBA
91
64
C.ham
87
C.lam
viec
87
92
DK 110kV N-01
TBA 500Kv Nng
74
50/51
WH
VARH
A
87
T1
51N
96B 12
96P
26Q 12
26W 12
1
2
1
2
33
63
63 OLTC
A
VAR
90
WH
F-24kV
50A
VARH
74
81
27
93