Digital

Control Systems Homework #2

Student: Eronides F. da Silva Neto Professor: Frank Ferrese
Controllability and Observability
To verify Observability and controllability we can verify the controllability and
Observability matrices. They are define as:

!!!

= . .
, =

!!!
The condition to the system be controllable is the matrix Co be full rank and
similarly to be observable the matrix Ob must be full rank too.
Example 1: book problem 8.12D:
Consider that the state space matrices:
=

0.1 0.3 0
1 0
1
0.1
1
0.1 , = 0 1 = 0
0.3
0
1
0 1
0

We have a third-order system, thus:

= ! and =
!
Calculating the matrices we have:

Both matrices are full rank. The system is controllable and observable.