Lm Ch ng T Khim Khuyt (Modal verbs)

T A Ti Z
Modal verbs bao gm: SHALL, WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD,
MUST, OUGHT TO

1. Ti sao gi l ng t khim khuyt (Modal

verbs)?
+ Ngi th ba s t khng thm S hoc ES.
I can
She can (she cans)
+ Khng c hnh thc nguyn th ( to can) v hnh thc phn t (musted) ging nh cc ng t thng
khc.
Hin ti/ Qu kh
Shall/Should
Will/ Would
Can/ Could
May/ Might
Must/ Must
Ought to/ Ought to
+ ng t theo sau chng lun dng nguyn th khng TO (bare-infinitive).
I can swim. She can swim, too.
+ Khng dng tr ng t DO/DOES trong cu hi, cu ph nh, cu hi ui
Do you can speak English?
Can you speak English?
Trn y cng l nhng nt vn phm ca cc Modal verbs.
Sau y, mnh s i vo chc nng c th ca tng ng t tnh thi v lin h so snh mt s cu
trc lin quan d gy kh hiu i vi mt s bn. Chng hn, c must v have to u din t phi
lm iu g nhng cch dng li khc nhau; can/ could v be able to u din t kh nng nhng
cng c s khc nhau v ngha.

2. Chc nng tng Modal verbs v cc cu trc lin quan:

CAN/ COULD

Can din t kh nng hin ti hoc tng lai-rng mt vic g c th xy ra hoc mt ngi
c kh nng lm vic g.
They can speak English.
( H bit ni ting Anh)
Could din t kh nng qu kh
My sister could play the piano when she was five.
(Em gi ti bit chi dng cm khi ln nm)
Can v could c dng trong cu hi ngh, xin php s ng hay li yu cu.
Can you wait for a moment, please?
(Anh vui lng i mt lt nh?)
Could I ask you something?
(Ti c th hi anh vi iu c khng ?)
Be able to c th c dng ch kh nng thay th cho can v could.
Tuy nhin, khi ni v s vic xy ra trong mt tnh hung c bit, ngi no xoay x mi
cch lm vic g, ta dng was/were able to.
She was able to escape the fire after an hour struggling in the house.
(Sau mt gi xoay x thot khi m chy, c y thnh cng).

MUST
- Din t s cn thit hoc bt buc phi lm iu g hin ti hoc tng lai.
You must get up earlier in the morning.
( Bui sng con phi dy sm hn y).
- a ra li suy lun chc chn
You must be hungry after a long walk.
(Hn bn phi i bng lm sau chuyn i b di).
- a ra li khuyn hoc li yu cu c nhn mnh.
You must be here before 8 oclock tomorrow.
(Sng mai, anh phi c mt ti y trc 8 gi).

HAVE TO
C must v have to u c dng din t s cn thit phi lm iu g .
Tuy nhin, c s khc nhau.
Must : s bt buc n t pha ngi ni (l mong mun v cm xc ca ngi ni).
Have to: s bt buc do tnh th hoc iu kin bn ngoi( ni quy, lut php, quy nh).

I really must stop smoking. I want to do. {Ti phi b thuc l. V ti mun th.}
I have to stop smoking. Doctor s order. {Ti phi b ht thuc. Lnh ca bc s y.}
Mustnt: ch s cm on.
Dont have to = dont need to: khng cn thit
You mustnt wear bare feet in this lab.
(Bn khng c php i chn khng vo phng th nghim).
You dont have to wash those glasses. They are clean.
( Khng cn ra nhng ci knh u. Chng sch m).

MAY/MIGHT
- c dng din t iu g c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai
Where is Emma? I dont know, she may/might be out
shopping. ( Emma u vy? Ti khng bit, c l c y i
mua sm).
Trong trng hp ny. Might khng c dng nh l qu kh ca may.
- c dng xin php. Might t c dng trong vn ni, ch yu l trong cu gin tip.
May I turn on the TV?
(Ti m ti vi c ch?)
I wonder if I might have some more soup.
(Ti xin thm t sp c ch )

WILL
- Din t hoc d on s vic, tnh hung s xy ra trong tng lai.
Tomorrow will be warmer.
(ngy mai tri s m hn).
- a ra mt quyt nh ngay thi im ni.
Did you phone Rob? Oh no, I forgot. Ill phone him now.
(Anh gi cho Rob cha? , ti qun mt. Ti gi ngay y).
- a ra li ngh, yu cu, li mi
Will you hava a cup of coffee?
(Anh dng mt tch c ph nh?)

WOULD
- Dng din t mt gi nh qu kh hoc d on v mt tnh hung c th xy ra.

At midnight Sarah was still awake. She would be tired next day.
(Na m m Sarah cn thc. Ngy mai, chc c y s mt y).
- c dng trong li yu cu, li mi lch s.
Would you like orange juice?

SHALL
- c dng ch yu trong cu hi xin kin hoc li khuyn
Where shall we meet tonight?
( Ti nay, chng ta gp nhau u?)
Will c dng ph bin hn shall ngi th nht: We v I.

SHOULD
- Ch s bt buc hay bn phn, nhng khng mnh bng Must (vi should bn c th la chn vic
thc hin hay khng thc hin, cn must th khng c s chn la).
Applications should be sent before December 8th
(n xin vic phi c gi n trc ngy 8 thng
12).
- a ra li khuyn hoc kin.
You shouldnt drive so fast. Its very dangerous.
- Suy on hoc kt lun iu g c th xy ra ( ngi ni mong i iu xy ra).
Anna has been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass.
(Anna hc hnh rt chm ch. Chc l c y s thi u thi)

OUGTH TO
- Ch s bt buc hay bn phn. Ngha tng t nh should v khng mnh bng Must.
You oughtnt to eat sweets at nights
9(Con khng c n ko vo bui ti u nh).
- a ra li khuyn hoc kin ngh.
0

There ought to be traffic lights at this

crossroads Tw( eNet n c n giao thng ti ng
t ny)

HA5D4 BETTER
Like

Nn, tt hn. c dng a ra li khuyn, hoc bo rng ngi no nn hay khng nn lm

iu g Email trong mt tnh hung no . Ngha tng t nh should, nhng khng hon ton
ging nhau.
Print
Had better ch c dng cho tnh hung c th, ngi ni nhn thy hnh ng l cn thit v
mong i hnh ng s c thc hin. Should c th c dng trong tt c cc tnh hung khi
a ra kin hoc cho ai li khuyn.
Its cold. The children had better wear their coats.
( Tri lnh vy, bn tr nn mc o m ch)

MODAL PERFECT
MAY/MIGHT/COULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE c dng din t:
- iu g c th xy ra hoc c th ng trong qu kh.
- MUST HAVE+ PP: din t iu g chc chn xy ra trong qu kh.
The car has stopped. It must have run out of gaosoline.
(Chic xe ngng chy ri. t hn l ht xng).
- SHOULD HAVE+ PP: din t iu g l ra nn hoc phi xy ra trong qu kh nhng thc t
khng xy ra trong qu kh.
I should have called her this morning, but I forgot.
(L ra sng nay ti phi gi c y nhng ti qun mt).
Cc ng t trn u c im chung l din t kh nng, d on v mt s kin hoc s vic c th
xy ra. Nh vy, phi hiu sao v mc chc chn ca nhng ng t ny?

3. Mc chc chn ca cc Modal verbs degrees of certainty

(theo Gii thch ng php ting Anh, NXB Nng)
Khi chng ta hon ton chc chn v mt iu g , chng ta khng cn dng Modal verbs. Ngc
li, khi a ra s suy on v mt s kin hay s vic no , ta dng chng. Mc chc chn ca
cc Modal verbs nh sau:
Trong cu khng nh:
Why isnt John in class?
100%: He is sick
95%: He must be sick
70%: He would be sick
< 50%: He may be sick
<30%: He might/could be sick.
Trong cu ph nh:

Why doesnt Sam eat cake?

100%: He isnt hungry.
99%: He cant/couldnt be hungry. Hes just had dinner.
95%: He must not be hungry.
<50%: He may not be hungry.
<30%: He might not be hungry.
Mc chc chn qu kh cng c dng tng t nh hin ti
4. Mc lch s, trang trng trong li yu cu hoc li ngh
c xp t cao nht n thp dn
1.
2.
3.
4.

May I
Could/ would you (please)
Will you (please)
Can I

KT LUN
Modal verbs c dng din t:
- Nng lc ca mt ngi hay d on kh nng xy ra ca mt s vic
Ta dng can cho thi gian hin ti, could cho qu kh v will be able to cho tng
lai. Nu ai xoay x lm iu g trong qu kh, ta dng was able to thay v
could
- S xin php
May I
Could I
Can I
- Li yu cu
Would you
Could you
Can you
- Li ngh
Ill do it.
Shall I do it?
- S bt buc hay bn phn ( must)
- Li khuyn (should, ought to)