WWW - Kutub.info 13699

GRUB2
Troubleshooting Ubuntu & Arch Linux

grub> | grub rescue>
ANTFRA
2014
..
. .
. )>.(grub
+ .
. )>.(grub rescue
) (GRUB ) (.
).(Busybox / Initramfs
) + (Busybox / Initramfs .
) ( .
. .
. )(GRUB 2
..
..
..
. ..
..
. :
. ..
..
..
).(grub rescue / rescue mode
)( . )) .(Fallback (.
..
) (GRUB 2 ) (C ..
) (SHIFT . ) (Esc ) (.
) (set .
) (set pager=1 ) (.
) ( .
) (TAB .
) (.
).(help
).(set color_normal=white/blue
. ) (
.
. .
" ." . .
.) (.
) (.
" GRUB ) (.
) (.
) (.
>grub
>grub rescue
GRUB
)Busybox - (Initramfs
)(splash screen
:
) ( . . . ) (/grub.
.
) .( grub.cfg ) .(prefix
-:
) 1 (2
4 # sudo update-grub
1 # configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg
2 # configfile (hd0,4)/boot/grub/grub.cfg
.(prefix, root, Linux, initrd ) :

:
)) .(/boot/grub/ (.
.1
).(cfg
.2
..
.3
.4
).(update-grub
. . .). (.
-:
) (grub.cfg .
) (file not found ) (X,Y .
) ( .
)1 # set root=(hdX,Y
2 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro
3 # initrd /initrd.img
4 # boot
) (Wubi ) 1 (2:
)1 # set root=(loop0
2 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY loop=/Ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro
) ( :
)(Busybox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
)(initramfs
:
) :( Ubuntu
)1 # set root=(hd0,5
) .(sda5
2 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5 ro
# linux (hd0,5)/boot/vmlinuz-3.0.2-14 root=/dev/sda5 ro
... .
.
... .
3 # initrd /initrd.img
# initrd(hd0,5)/boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-25-generic
4 # boot
. .
):( Arch Linux
2 # linux /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda5 ro
3 # initrd /boot/kernel26.img
4 # boot
):( Fedora
2 # linux (hd0,1)/vmlinuz-3.0.0-1.fc16.i686 root=/dev/sda3 rhgb quiet selinux=0
3 # initrd (hd0,1)/initramfs-3.0.0-1.fc16.i686.img
4 # boot
).( BSD
):( FreeBSD
.FreeBSD
)1 # set root=(/dev/ad4,msdos1
2 # kfreebsd /boot/kernel/kernel
. .
.
3 # kfreebsd_loadenv /boot/device.hints
4 # set kFreeBSD.vfs.root.mountfrom=ufs:/dev/ad4s1a
.
..
. ) .(FreeBSD ) (kfreebsd. .
) (kfreebsd ) (kfreebsd help ).(GRUB
5 # vfs.root.mountfrom.options=rw
6 # boot
):( NetBSD
) . (.
.
)1 # set root=(hd0,msdos1
2 # knetbsd /netbsd --root=wd0a
3 # boot
..
. ) (NetBSD ) (knetbsd.
) (knetbsd ) (knetbsd help ).(GRUB
):( Windows XP
. ) (
.
)1 set root=(hd0,msdos1
}2 drivemap -s (hd0) $ {root
. ..
3 chainloader +1
4 boot
.
. /
) (grub.cfg ).(cfg
) (set ) (prefix ) .(root ).(ls
) (GRUB 2 ) (/GRUB .
)= ( root . ) (ls /
.
) ( ) (.
) (/ ) (initrd ) .(vmlinuz ) (/boot/ ).(grub.cfg
)
(selinux=0 ) . (.
. . ).(grub rescue
) ( ) . .(GRUB 2
. /
. ) ( ) . .(GRUB 2
:
) ( . :
. )). (/grub (.
) (/grub .
).(grub.cfg
. ).(normal
) (GRUB 2 .
) (vmlinuz ) (initrd.img ).(/
) (/grub . .
) . (.
) . (error: file not found
.

) .(error: unknown command
) ( Linux ) .(Linux
) (Linux ).(normal
) (initrd .
) .(/boot/grub ).(/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc
.(insmod (hd0,5)/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod) :
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) (set .
) (unset ..(unset prefix) :
) .(prefix, root, Linux, initrd ) ( ) (.
:
) (:
.1
. ).(sda5
.2
).* (sda5
.3
).(normal
.4
.5
) (normal .
.6
)) (Linux .(normal
.7
*.
.8
) (/ ).(/boot
.9
) (initrd .
.10 ) (initrd ) (/ ).(/boot

.11 ) . (.
.12. .
:
) (normal ) (Tab ).(help
. .
# set prefix=(hd0,5)/boot/grub
)# set root=(hd0,5
# insmod normal
# insmod (hd0,5)/boot/grub/normal.mod
# normal
# insmod Linux
# linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5 ro
# linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-14-generic root=/dev/sda5 ro
# initrd /initrd.img
) (Linux )(normal
10 # initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-14-generic
11 # set
12 # boot
) .(Wubi ) 2 (7 ) 13 (14.
14 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro
. /
. .
) ( ) . .(GRUB 2
. /
. ) ( ) . .(GRUB 2
) (GRUB ) (
:
) ( GRUB ) ( .
. ) (MBR ). .(.
. ) ( ) (core.img ) /boot .(/grub
) (:
) (.
.
. ) (Chroot ) (GRUB2 . ).(MBR
) ( . ) (Chroot ) . ..(GRUB 2
) (
) ( Busybox
) (UNIX ) (POSIX
) (Linux )
( embedded operating systems
.
:
) ( ) (Busybox Initramfs . .
!!.
) :(Busybox Initramfs
) (UUID )= (root ).(Linux
/ ).(Graphics Driver
).(HDD
).(HDD
).(DVD/CD
) (ISO ) (.
) ) (NTFS (.
..
)(
:
.1
. ) (ls ) (GRUB 2 ) (sudo fdisk -l ).(Gparted
.2
) . .(sda2
) ( ) (Gparted ) .(/

.3
.4
. ) (e ). (.
) (UUID=xxxx ) (TAB ) (.
.5
) (Ctrl+x..
.6
# Gparted
1 # sudo fdisk -l
# ls
. ) (
2 # /dev/sda2 6 1918 15360000 83 Linux

3 # reboot
4 # linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.30-14-generic root=UUID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ro quiet splash
# linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.5.30-14-generic root=/dev/sda2 ro quiet splash
5 Ctrl+x
) (:
) .(NTFS /.
.1
).(CMD
) (chkdsk .
.2
.3
) .(chkdsk )( . ).(Shutdown
.4
. )(.
3 # shutdown .....
4 # restart
2 # reboot
1 # chkdsk c: /f
. .
) .(NTFS
) (Busybox .
# mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /root -o force
/:
) (mount . . / ).(recovery
:
.1
) (Busybox .
)) (Graphics Driver (.
.2
# exec startx
:
.1
) (mount ) (umount ) (.
.2
).(GsmartControl
.3
) .(S.M.A.R.T
.4
. :
) (/ ) (umount ) (.
.
) .e2fsck .(fsck
.sda1
) (e2fsck ).(ext2/ext3/ext4
) (fsck ).(ext2/ext3/ext4
: ) (umount . ) e2fsck .(fsck
.....
. /
. .
) ( . ) . .(GRUB 2
1 # sudo umount /dev/sda1

2 # sudo fdisk -l
3 # sudo e2fsck /dev/sda1
# sudo fsck /dev/sda1
) (
:
) (splash screen .
.
. . .
. .) . ) (Linux (
) (e ..
) .(.
.
.1
. ) (GRUB 2 ).(Advanced options

) (SHIFT ) (Esc .
.2
) (Advanced options / ).(recovery mode
.3
/ ) (recovery mode ).(root
.4
.5
.6
.
) (drivers ) ( .
.7
] .[name_of_the_driver_from_the_list.(kmod:fglrx) :
.8
) .(init 2 . ).(init 1
.9
).(reboot
GRUB 2 Menu > Advanced options > Recovery mode > Root
1 2 3
4 # sudo init 1
5 # root@[name_of_PC] login:
6 # jockey-text --list
7 # sudo jockey-text enable=kmod:fglrx
]7 # sudo jockey-text enable=[name_of_the_driver_from_the_list

8 # sudo init 1
8 # sudo init 2
9 # sudo reboot
) . )((GRUB 2
. ) (MSDOS ) .(GPT
).(root
..
. .. UUID
).(initrd.img
)(/boot
) vmlinuz ) (initrd.img (.
)(/grub
) (grub.cfg )) .(mod. (.
# ls
# ls /
)# ls (hdX,Y
# ls (hdX,Y)/
# ls (hdX,Y)/boot/
(hdX,Y)/boot/grub/
# ls (hd0,5)/boot/grub/
grub.cfg
/boot/grub/
(hdX,Y)/
# ls /boot/grub/
# ls (hd0,5)/
vmlinuz
/
(hdX,Y)/boot/
# ls /
# ls (hd0,5)/boot/
vmlinuz-3.2.0-57-generic
/boot/
(hdX,Y)/
# ls /boot/
# ls (hd0,5)/
initrd.img
/
(hdX,Y)/boot/
# ls /
# ls (hd0,5)/boot/
initrd.img-3.2.0-57-generic
/boot/
# ls (hdX,Y)/boot/grub/
# ls /boot/
).(grub
)(normal
)(normal
) (
).(/
.
./
# set prefix=(hdX,Y)/boot/grub
*
)# set root=(hdX,Y
# insmod normal
# normal
# linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 ro
# linux (hdX,Y)/boot/vmlinuz-3.0.2-14 root=/dev/sda1 ro

# initrd /initrd.img
)(/
# initrd (hdX,Y)/boot/initrd.img-3.0.2-14
) (.
# boot
. .
) (Wubi ) 1 (2 ) 1 :(2
>----
)1 # set root=(hdX,Y
2 # Linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro
>----
2 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro
* :
. ) ( ) (ro ) (selinux=0 )
(enforcing=0 . )... (rhgb.
) (normal ) (Linux ).(initrd
. ) ( X ) (Y .
. ).(GRUB 2
) (Bugs .
:
) (GRUB 2 ).(GRUB legacy
) (GRUB legacy ).(GRUB 2
) (GRUB 2 )> (grub )> (grub rescue ) (GRUB

.
..
).(grub-pc
. ) (grub-install
) (sda, sdb ... ) .(UUIDs ) (grub-pc
.
..
" 496435 ).(Launchpad
. ).(MBR
. ) (USB ) (GRUB 2 ) (MBR )

(HDD ) .(USB ).(USB
..
. ) (Advanced .
" 414996 ).(Launchpad
. ) ( ) (Logical Volume ) (Volume Group

) ( ).(snapshot
. ) (/boot . ) (LV ) (snapshot ).(VG
. . ).(error: no such disk

).(lvm
. ) ( ) (snapshot
) (VG ..
)( .
. .
grub rescue>.
) (563895 ).(Launchpad
. ) (/boot ) (LVM
) (snapshot ) .(LVM
) (LVM ) (
) (insmod (error: no such disk) :

) (GRUB 2 ) (linux-module .
.
) (prefix$ . . ).(set prefix=/boot/grub
(file not found) : ).(unknown command

.
.
) (X,Y .
. ( Win 7) .7 . ) (GRUB 2 .
A disk read error occurred
Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart
.7 ..
:
.1
. 7 ).(e
.2
) . (.
.3
) (Ctrl+X. ..7
insmod part_msdos
')set root='(hd0,msdos1
:7
.1
) (grub.cfg 7 ) (custom_40
) 7 . (.
.2
).(update-grub
# gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/40_custom
1 # gksudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

):(custom_40
#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
{ ')menuentry 'Windows 7 (customized entry
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
')set root='(hd0,msdos1
chainloader +1
}

) (UUID . ) .(grub.cfg
) (sudo blkid .
) (7 ).(UUID
) (7 .
1 # sudo blkid
2 # sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda5 bs=8 count=1 seek=9

4 # reboot
(ntfspartition) : ) (ntfs ):(sdaX
# sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/[ntfspartition] bs=8 count=1 seek=9
) (UUID :
#sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda1 bs=8 count=1 seek=9
:
: . ...
. sda1) : sda2(.
) (sudo blkid .
) (sda . ) (MBR .
)( ) (ntfs :
1 # sudo aptitiude install ntfsprogs
.
) (X .
2 # sudo ntfslabel /dev/sdaX LABELNAME
) (fstab ) (sdaX ) (UUID=1234 ... ) (LABELNAME :

LABEL=LABELNAME
..

!Warning: This GPT partition label has no BIOS boot partition; embedding won't be possible
) (BIOS boot partition ) GPT .(EFI
. ) .(BIOS boot partition ) . .(GRUB 2
grub-setup: warn: This msdos-style partition label has no post-MBR gap; embedding won't be possible! grub2
bios-setup: warn: Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists.
However, blocklists are UNRELIABLE and its use is discouraged. grub2-bios-setup: error: If you really want
blocklists, use --force.
. ) (GRUB 2 . ) (MBR
. )
.(USB . ) (1 . ).(2048
: . .
Attempting to install GRUB to a partition disk or to a partition. This is a BAD idea.

Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists.
However, blocklists are UNRELIABLE and their use is discouraged.
.
) (GRUB 2 .
:
.1
).(/boot
.2
) (GRUB 2 ) (BIOS/GPT ) (EF02 )

(bios_boot ).(core.img
.3
) (GRUB 2 ) (/dev/sdXY ).(BIOS/MBR
.4
) (grub-install .
.1
) (/boot .
.2
/ ) 1 : ( . ) .(.
.3
) (--force ) .(grub-install .
) (chattr ) . .(GRUB 2
)....(BIOS/MBR ) (LUKS
)) (LVM2 (.
.4
)= (platform ) (/sbin/grub-install .
) (x86/amd64 ) .(platform=pc
grub-install: warn: Your embedding area is unusually small. core.img won't fit in it.
grub-install: warn: Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists.
However, blocklists are UNRELIABLE and their use is discouraged.
grub-install: error: will not proceed with blocklists.

Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists. However, blocklists are
unreliable and their use is discouraged.
.
.1
) Stage 2 .(core.img
. :

.2
. . ).(VBR
.3
. ) (BIOS ).(MBR
.4
) (BIOS ) .(GPT
.5
) (UEFI ) .(GPT
.1
. .
) (alignment ).(SSD
.2
) (configfile ) (grub.cfg ) (GRUB 2 ) ( .

) (GRUB 2 ) ( .
.3
. . ) (.
.4
) .(GPT ) (BIOS boot partition:
.5
.(ef02) :
.(BIOS boot partition) :
) :/ .(FAT32
2 ~ 1) :(.
) (GRUB 2 ) .(EFI ) (EFI- system partition:
.(ef00) :
.(EFI System) :
.(FAT-32) :
512) : ~ 1(.
: ) (custom_40 . ).(/dev/sdb1
#! /bin/sh -e
echo "Adding precise testing menuentry" > &2
cat << EOF
{ "menuentry "reload precise grub.cfg file from /dev/sdb1
insmod ext2
')set root= (hd1,1
search --no-floppy --FS-uuid --set=root 11992CDE-b1d9-4392-bcc4-13c2ce8702AA
configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg
}
EOF
..
Fatal: No bootable medium found! System halted.
) (BIOS ..
. ) (BIOS ).(MBR

) .(virtual box
:
) (BIOS ).(boot
) (BIOS . .
) (.
. ).(BIOS
) (GRUB 2 ) (MBR . ).(BIOS
) .(chroot ) . .(GRUB 2
. ) . GParted (.
) .(VM ) (try Ubuntu ) (dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc

) ( ) ".(sda
. .
GRUB.
) (GRUB ) (.
. .
grub> _.
. . .
. .
. ..
rescue> _.
Error 15
Error 11
) (GRUB 2 . ) .(MBR ) (GRUB Legacy ).(GRUB 2

) (GRUB Legacy ).(MBR

: ) (Error 15: File not found ) (GRUB Legacy
.
. ) (GRUB 2 . ) (MBR .
) .(chroot ) . .(GRUB 2
. ..

Error: no such device: UUID
. ) (UUID . .
. ) (windows XP ) (SATA )
(IDE )) .(AHCI " SATA ".("WindowsXP
. ) .(GRUB 2 ).(grub.cfg
) (UUID ).(grub.cfg
. ) (MBR
.
) . .(GRUB 2
Error: No such disk.

) (HDX,Y . .
. ) (GRUB 2 ).(grub.cfg
. ) (MBR
) .(sda
) . .(GRUB 2
Error: No such partition.

) (HDX,Y . .
(set root=) : ) (set ).(GRUB 2
. ) (MBR
) .(sda
) . .(GRUB 2
.) (.
)= (root ).(Linux
. ) (MBR
) .(sda
) . .(GRUB 2
. ) (btrfs .
) (GRUB 2 ) .(btrfs ).(launchpad

. .
error: no suitable mode found
Error: sparse file not allowed
'error: unknown command 'terminal

45 . . ).(Lucid
):(/etc/default/grub
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
# gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_TERMINAL=console
2.
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
1.
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
4.
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
3.
sudo update-grub
5.
..

. .
) (GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 ).(/etc/default/grub
) (# ).(GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
. ).(sudo update-grub
. ) .(Shift ) (Esc ..
. ) (Windows .
.1
) (GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 ) .(/etc/default/grub )(Windows

. ).(Ubuntu

.2
) (Windows . ) (GRUB 2 . ).(MBR
.1
.2
) (# ).(GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
. ) .(Shift ) (Esc ..
) .(GRUB 2 ) (GRUB 2 . ).(MBR
. :
) (Intel BIOS ) .(GPT

) (Intel BIOS ) (MBR . .
) (GPT ..
) (fdisk ) (GPT ) (MBR . )) (bootable flag
" 1007 .(GRUB 2
:
.1
).(fdisk /dev/sda
.2
) (A . ) (#1
.3
) (W . ).(MBR
) (fdisk ) (Gparted .
error: no suitable mode found
Booting however
) (gfxterm ) (GRUB 2 ).(gfxmode
) (GRUB 2 ).(gfxpayload
) ( UEFI . )
.(KMS
. ..
.1
) .(/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2
.2
)} (${GRUB_PREFIX_DIR ) (/boot/grub ) UEFI .(BIOS
.3
) (GRUB UEFI ) .(--boot-directory=$esp/EFI
.4
).($esp/EFI/grub/
:
}# cp /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ${GRUB_PREFIX_DIR
) (/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 .
.1
)(bdf-unifont
.2
) (unifont.pf2
.3
)} :(${GRUB_PREFIX_DIR
# grub-mkfont -o unicode.pf2 /usr/share/fonts/misc/unifont.bdf
}# cp /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ${GRUB_PREFIX_DIR
) (grub.cfg ) (GRUB 2
. .
):(BIOS
insmod vbe
):(UEFI
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
) (UEFI ):(BIOS
insmod font
if loadfont ${prefix}/fonts/unicode.pf2
then
insmod gfxterm
set gfxmode=auto
set gfxpayload=keep
terminal_output gfxterm
fi
) (gfxterm ) (unicode.pf2 )}
.(${GRUB_PREFIX_DIR
!grub-setup: warn: This msdos-style partition label has no post-MBR gap; embedding will not be possible

grub-setup: warn: Embedding is not possible. GRUB can only be installed in this setup by using blocklists.
However, blocklists are UNRELIABLE and its use is discouraged.
grub-setup: error: If you really want blocklists, use force.
.
) (GRUB 2 ).(Vmware
. )) (MBR (63 1
" ) 2048( .
. ".MBR
).(GRUB 2
) (GRUB 2 . . ).(grub.cfg
) (GRUB 2 ) (UEFI ) (--boot-directory ) (grub.cfg .

. ) .(grubx64.efi
) . ).((grub rescue / rescue mode
) (GRUB 2 ).(UEFI
) (UEFI . .
) (EFI:
# efibootmgr -v
-------------------BootCurrent: 0000
Timeout: 3 seconds
BootOrder: 0000,0001,0002
)Boot0000* Grub HD(1,800,32000,23532fbb-1bfa-4e46-851a-b494bfe9478c)File(\efi\grub\grub.efi
)Boot0001* Shell HD(1,800,32000,23532fbb-1bfa-4e46-851a-b494bfe9478c)File(\EfiShell.efi
Boot0002* Festplatte BIOS(2,0,00)P0: SAMSUNG HD204UI

) (UEFI ..
) (GRUB 2 ) .(root . .
..
) (GRUB 2 :
)HD(1,800,32000,23532fbb-1bfa-4e46-851a-b494bfe9478c)File(\grub.efi
: " .
"invalid signature" error
. ) (Windows
:
)(GRUB 2
Boot0000* Grub
1 # mv /boot/grub/device.map /boot/grub/device.map-old
2 # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
3 # rm /boot/grub/device.map-old.
) (grub-mkconfig . ).(Windows
. ) . . (.
. ) (GRUB 2
)(initial ramdisk
.(add_efi_memmap) :
).(Arch Linux
) (os-prober .
) (/etc/lsb-release .
) (lsb-release .
Out of memory/Syntax error running grub-mkconfig

.
) (GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=y ) (/etc/default/grub ).(grub.cfg
. ) (UEFI .
) ( ) (UEFI )(Intel Z77
) (efibootmgr ) (bcfg ) (EFI

. ).(NVRAM
) ( .
) (efi .
) (bootx64.efi ) (FSO: ) (Microsoft )(ESP
).(FS1:
. ) (EFI :
FS1:
cd EFI
mkdir Microsoft
cd Microsoft
mkdir Boot
cp FS0:\EFI\BOOT\bootx64.efi FS1:\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi
. ) (NVRAM ..
):(Arch Linux
) (.
. ):(grub.cfg
set pager=1
set debug=all
. . :
# dpkg --list | grep grub

)GRUB Legacy (version 1
Grand Unified Bootloader
GRUB 2
Grand Unified Bootloader, version 2
. .
. ).(GRUB 2
/ /
menu mode
. .
) (C . . ).(grub.cfg
CLI mode, command line
. .
rescue mode
edit mode
" "E .
..

..
UP/DN
Enter
. .
.
..
C
Ctrl + Alt + Delete
.
) ( . )(GRUB 2

UP/DN/Left/Right
/ .
TAB
. . .
Esc
/ .
HOME
) (.
.
END
Enter
F10
) (.
Ctrl + X
Space bar
. )(GRUB 2

.
.
UP/DN
Left/Right
/ .
TAB
. ) (C
Esc
..
) (.
.
Help + Enter
Space bar
Ctrl + Alt + Delete
).(GRUB2
. . . ) (.
. " . .
) (server .
) ( GRUB 2 .
. .
) .(.
:
.
.:
. ) (ENTER ..
. ) .(SHIFT ) (Esc .
)( ) (e / .
)) .(UP/DN/Left/Right .(ENTER
) (TAB .
.
) (CTRL-X ) (F10. )(.
) (CTRL-C ) (F2 ) (GRUB 2 )

(module ... ..
) ) (GRUB 2 ) (initrd (.
) (Esc .
. .
) .(:
) (TAB ) (vmlinuz )) (initrd (.

" ls ) (.
. ) (ro )..(selinux=0
/ ) .(Linux ) .(.
) (quiet ..
. ) (splash quiet ) (nomodeset .
. / )) (recovery ( . ) (Linux
) .(single ) (S ) .(CTRL-X ) .(.
) (Linux ) (root=UUID=xxx ) .(root=/dev/sdXY ) X (Y .
..
. ) (GRUB 2 ..

>grub
>grub rescue
) (C ..
. ) (SHIFT . ) (Esc .
. . .
) ( . ) ( .
.:

menuentry
)(
submenu
) . (.
) . (:

serial
terminal_input
terminal_output
terminfo
.
. :

)(ACPI
acpi
/ )(RAM
badram
)( block list
blocklist

.
/ . .
.
) ( configuration file ...
)( ).(CPU
. ).(CRC32
/ .
.
) (.
) (.
/
boot
cat
chainloader
cmp
configfile
cpuid
crc
date
drivemap
echo
export
false
)(.
. ) (MBR ).(GPT
gettext
gptsync
halt
help
).(initrd
initrd
)) (initrd 16(.
initrd16
).(module
insmod
.
).(Linux kernel
keystatus
Linux
))) .(Linux kernel 16(.
linux16
list_env
load_env
)( .
loopback
.
. ) . . (.
. .
ls
normal
normal_exit
)/( .
parttool
) ( ) (.
password
) ( .
.
).(PXE
) (.

) .( .
.
/ ) (label ).(UUID
)( .
.
/
.
.
(GNU GRUB Manual 2.00 ) :
password_pbkdf2
play
pxe_unload
read
reboot
save_env
search
sendkey
set
true
unset
uppermem
.
.
boot
. ) (F10 ).(CTRL-x
cat
* configfile
).(grub.cfg
initrd
) (initrd.img . .
. .
* insmod
* Linux
loop
) ( .
ls
/ .
.
lsmod
) (normal .
normal
search
set
....
vbeinfo
)( . .
).(help
.
/
# cat (hd0,1)/boot/grub/grub.cfg
cat
# configfile (hd0,5)/boot/grub/grub.cfg
configfile
# initrd (hd0,5)/initrd.img
initrd
# insmod (hd0,5)/boot/grub/normal.mod
insmod
# insmod normal
linux
# linux /vmlinuz root=(hd0,5) ro
loop
# loopback loop (hd0,2)/iso/my.iso
ls
# ls /boot/grub # ls (hd0,5)/
# ls /
# ls (hd0,5)/boot/grub/
# ls
# ls (hd0,5)/boot
* :
.1
) (configfile . ) (grub.cfg . )(ls

. ) (.cfg ) (.
.2
. . . ).(sudo update-grub
.3
. ) (.
.4
) (/boot/grub )) .(/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc (.
.5
) .(5
) .(5
.6
) (normal ) (Linux )) .(initrd

) (root ) (ro (.
.7
) (search ).(help search
# configfile (hd0,1)/boot/grub/grub.cfg
1 # configfile /boot/grub/grub.cfg
# sudo update-grub
2 # sudo cp xxx/xxx/grub.cfg /boot/grub/grub.cfg

3
) (
4 # insmod normal
# insmod (hd0,1)/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod
file not found error
unknown command error
4 # insmod Linux
6 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 ro
7 # help search
).(grub rescue / rescue mode
:

dump
exit
)) (<grub (.
normal
):(grub rescue
unset
set
search
normal
multiboot
ls
linux
insmod
help
chain
cat
boot
. ) (.
. :
) (/grub .
)) .(set ) (root, prefix, linux, initrd (.
) (/grub ) (/boot/grub/ unknown command) .(file not found
).(linux
.
) (initrd.img .
).(Fallback
)) (script ( . ). (.
1 # /etc/grub.d/ gksudo leafpad 01_fallback
)). (fallback_01 "01 (.
)2 (script
) (script .
.
. ) .(/etc/default/grub:
3 # /etc/grub.d/ sudo chmod +x 01_fallback

"4 # gksudo leafpad /etc/default/grub GRUB_FALLBACK="1
).(/boot/grub/grub.cfg
) (.
(script):
#! /bin/sh -e
if [ ! "x${GRUB_DEFAULT}" = "xsaved" ] ; then
if [ "x${GRUB_FALLBACK}" = "x" ] ; then
export GRUB_FALLBACK=""
GRUB_FALLBACK=$(ls /boot | grep -c 'initrd.img')
[ ${GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY} ] || GRUB_FALLBACK = $((${GRUB_FALLBACK} * 2))
fi
echo "fallback set to menuentry=${GRUB_FALLBACK}" >&2
cat << EOF
set fallback="${GRUB_FALLBACK}"
EOF
fi
https://help.ubuntu.com
https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
https://wiki.archlinux.org/
http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/ (Deutsch)
()

Antfra81 [AT] yahoo [DOT] com
ANTFRA
2014

WWW - Kutub.info 13699

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

WWW - Kutub.info 13699

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GRUB2

Troubleshooting Ubuntu & Arch Linux

).(grub rescue / rescue mode

.(prefix, root, Linux, initrd ) :

2 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5 ro

# linux (hd0,5)/boot/vmlinuz-3.0.2-14 root=/dev/sda5 ro

) (set ) (prefix ) .(root ).(ls

) (/ ) (initrd ) .(vmlinuz ) (/boot/ ).(grub.cfg

) (vmlinuz ) (initrd.img ).(/

) (unset ..(unset prefix) :

) .(prefix, root, Linux, initrd ) ( ) (.

.10 ) (initrd ) (/ ).(/boot

) (normal ) (Tab ).(help

# linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda5 ro

# linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-14-generic root=/dev/sda5 ro

) (UUID )= (root ).(Linux

. ) (ls ) (GRUB 2 ) (sudo fdisk -l ).(Gparted

2 # /dev/sda2 6 1918 15360000 83 Linux

: ) (umount . ) e2fsck .(fsck

1 # sudo umount /dev/sda1

. ) (GRUB 2 ).(Advanced options

) (Advanced options / ).(recovery mode

/ ) (recovery mode ).(root

]7 # sudo jockey-text enable=[name_of_the_driver_from_the_list

# linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 ro

# linux (hdX,Y)/boot/vmlinuz-3.0.2-14 root=/dev/sda1 ro

2 # Linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY loop=/ubuntu/disks/root.disk ro

2 # linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sdXY ro

) (normal ) (Linux ).(initrd

) (GRUB 2 ).(GRUB legacy

) (GRUB legacy ).(GRUB 2

) (GRUB 2 )> (grub )> (grub rescue ) (GRUB

. ) (USB ) (GRUB 2 ) (MBR )

. ) ( ) (Logical Volume ) (Volume Group

. . ).(error: no such disk

) (insmod (error: no such disk) :

(file not found) : ).(unknown command

Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart

1 # gksudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

2 # sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sda5 bs=8 count=1 seek=9

2 # sudo ntfslabel /dev/sdaX LABELNAME

) (fstab ) (sdaX ) (UUID=1234 ... ) (LABELNAME :

Attempting to install GRUB to a partition disk or to a partition. This is a BAD idea.

) (GRUB 2 ) (BIOS/GPT ) (EF02 )

) (GRUB 2 ) (/dev/sdXY ).(BIOS/MBR

grub-install: error: will not proceed with blocklists.

) (configfile ) (grub.cfg ) (GRUB 2 ) ( .

) .(GPT ) (BIOS boot partition:

.(BIOS boot partition) :

) (GRUB 2 ) .(EFI ) (EFI- system partition:

) (GRUB 2 ) (MBR . ).(BIOS

) .(VM ) (try Ubuntu ) (dpkg-reconfigure grub-pc

) (GRUB 2 . ) .(MBR ) (GRUB Legacy ).(GRUB 2

) (GRUB Legacy ).(MBR

Error: no such device: UUID

Error: No such disk.

Error: No such partition.

) (GRUB 2 ) .(btrfs ).(launchpad

error: no suitable mode found

Error: sparse file not allowed

'error: unknown command 'terminal

# gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

) (GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 ) .(/etc/default/grub )(Windows