- -

31/31

x 3 5(3) 3(1) 15 3 18

x 4 5(18) 3(3) 8 9 89

)5 xn a (n 1)b :

b x =a

( ) .

)3 x n aq n 1 :

x =a q

( ) .

...

y ( ) x n
n
f : IN IN )n IN : y n x f(n

. (-7711( Fibonacci
7521

x2n 2n xn n

2-2

. R. Jones 7712

x
n

.
.

xn n IN : xn 1 xn
x n 1 x n x
n

:

.

Graham

xn n IN : x n 1 x n

.
:

x n 1 x n

- :

-7

- :

-5

.
: -

. - -

.
.
- - -
( )
: (

: ( )

( ) :
- ( 7792-7975( Banach

x n 1 x n

n
n 1
x n x n 1 0 :

x
n

1
1
xn xn 1
( n 1)n
( n 1) n

5 xn (1) n

) ( ).

x :
n

n IN : x n 0

1-2

x :
n

. . ( ) .

un n0

x xn
n

n IN : x n 0
: .
- :
)7

. , M

)5

xn

n

n 1
n 3 4 5
,......., 2 ,... u n 2
2
2, , ,
n 1
n

n 1 4 9 16

x x

)1 :

x n 5 x n 1 3x n 2

x
. : 3 2

xn

( )

m n IN : xn m :

-5

xn ( )
M n IN : xn M :

xn x1 , x2 ,......., xn ...
-1

. m,
)3

x n
m1 , m2 n IN : m1 xn m2 :

M max m . m 0<M
1
2

n IN : xn M

M xn M n 1,2,....... M , M
.
3

- -

: m1 ,m2 x
n
M max m . m M , M m1 ,m2
1
2
x
n
m1 ,m2 m1 , m2 IR

n
7 n 1.
n 1
n 1

() a 0

c, d a
a

n IN : 0

a a
:

x n M n 1

5 xn n

xn a

min a c, d a
a , a c, d

M=1

a , a a .
:

n IN x n M , M

31/31

xn a

x M , n 0,1,2,.........
n

( a a)

xn ( a )a
0 ) m m(

2
:
xn 2
)n (n 1
: 0

. ,0
-

n > m

2
2
0
)n 2 ( n 1
n3

xn a

xn a

0 m N : n m xn a

xn

) . .

lim x n a

:
1
n

n 1 n
n

x
n

xn a 0

n m, x n a :
a x n a

) min( x1 , x 2 ,..........., x n 1 , a
) max( x1 , x 2 ,..........., x n 1 , a
xn , n N :

lim x n 1

xn a 0

nm

m n a x n a
m a , a
xn a

0 m m
) (a , a a xn

xn a

m m m

xn a

m N x a :
n

1 1

n
1
:
m 1
n
1
1
n m xn 1

n
m

lim x

:
n 1
1
n

m m

n 1

1 n m 10 1 11
2000
1

2000

: m N : n m
.

n3

xn a

77 1

xn a

xn a

x
n
:
.
x .
n

xn cos n cos n 1

n IN

) (a , a
( )
0
) (a , a

m m n:

) x n a a x n a x n (a , a

. : 3 2

- -

y n xn

)7
)5

lim( xn y n ) lim xn lim y n

)3

lim( xn y n ) lim xn lim y n

)9

C lim( xn ) lim xn

)2

lim y n 0
lim( xn / yn ) lim xn / lim yn

lim xn lim xn

a b

n > m

a b 0 a b

n1 n y n b
xn a
2
n 2

. y b
n

2
2
n0 max n1 , n 2 n0 n

xn a

xn b

x n a n

a b a b

x n a y n b 0 .

xn a

a b a xn xn b a xn xn b

: )7)3

n m 2 x n b

) m max( m1 , m2 n > m

lim( xn yn ) lim xn lim y n

)6

31/31

yn b

.1

x n m1 , m2 :
n IN : m1 xn m2

M max m . m 0<M
1
2

n IN : x M y n 1
n
M

( x n y n ) ( a b) ( x n a ) ( y n b) x n a ( y n b
2

xn y n 1 ) ( xn y n

2
2
n0 n :

xn a yn b

0 n0 N : n n0 y n

0 n0 N : n n0 xn y n xn y n M

M
) ( xn y n .1

)3 :

x n y n ab x n y n ay n ay n ab x n y n ay n ay n ab
y n . xn a a . y n b
y n L
n IN : x L M
n

n n IN : xn M a M
5-2

xn
lim x
n
n

A 0, n0 IN : n n0 xn A

( )

x n a xnk a

x n ) m m(

0 , m N : n m xn a
n k m x nk a x nk
:

y n

lim x
n

A 0, n0 IN : n n0 xn A

: :
x n n. xn sin n. xn (1) n

7 lim xn lim y n
n

) lim( xn y n

5 lim x 0 lim y
n
n
n

) lim( xn yn
:

: xn a

a : b a=b
a . 0
m1

1

1 1
1, ,..., ,...
n

n 2

2n
y n x n
( )

xn

x nk

xn

y n 12 n .7

yn

( :)
:
x n .

n IN : yn xn zn .

limy n limz n , IR

y n z n M ' M

n M yn

M 0

n M ' zn

M ' M

n M 0 xn

xn

: yn xn zn

y n xn zn . n M 0

n m1 x n a

b
. : 3 2

- -

( : )

x n a lim x n a
n 0

)7

( ) ( )

()( )

xn L

nIN

0 x m
L xm L

xm L 0
x m L m < n
xn L
n

( )

xn xm xn a a xm xn a a xm

xn

. .

:
7

xn

an

x n

aR

a 1, a 1, a 1, a 1

a 1 lim a n 0
n 0

( )
:

z n x n y n : n z n

lim z n 0 . sup z n 0 z n 0
n

a=- - :

(1) 1,1,1,......
n

a 1 -

n(n 1) 2
n

....... n n 1 n
!1
!2

lim x lim y .
n
n
n

( )

a n (1 ) n 1

a n n 0 .
x n
a<-

A IR . A

a A . 0 a 0 A
a () a , a

a 1 A a

. a 0 , a 0

a>1 a<-

a>1 a 1 0

1 a a1

x 0 x1 ... x n y n y n 1 ... y1 y 0 :
( x 0 ) y 0
lim z lim ( x y ) 0
n

a=1 - x n 1n 1
x n 1,1,1,.........

0 a a0

)5

x n 7 7

n
n 1

x a
m

xn a

0 n
0
x n x m n0 m , n0 n

lim x L
n

y n xn

x n a n0 n

n m n 0

sup xn L

31/31

a 2 A a
.. a 1 , a 1 a n A . a

:
IR
.
-

x2 n

x2 n1

5 k 0 a 1 0 :

lim n .a

n 3

3 1 :

2 n
n 2

3
1
n
k 3 1
a lim n 0
n 2
2
n

n3

2n

3 :

xn

x n (1 1n ) n
e

.
)
(

lim (1 n1 ) n e 2.718182

xn ) 9788 -9871( Cauchy

n n0 m n0 xn xm

0 , n0 N : n

n n0 p IN xn p xn

0 , n0 N : n

( )
.
:

. : 3 2