1.

What were the first major exports from Ytterby, Sweden?

a. _______________________

b. _________________________

2. Two scientists were involved in the discovery of yttrium. Name the scientist who:
a. Found the black rock containing yttrium ______________________________
b. Performed the chemical tests on the rock _____________________________
3. Six additional elements were found in the rock. They were:
a. ________________________

d. ___________________________

b. ________________________

e. ___________________________

c. ________________________

f. ___________________________

4. Why is the name rare earth elements considered wrong today?

______________________________________________________________________
5. Give the modern use of :
a. Terbium ________________________________________________
b. Europium _______________________________________________
6. If these elements are found in the earth in large quantities, what is the problem in extracting
them? _____________________________________________________________________
7. Which country has the greatest ability to process the rare earth elements? _________________
Why is the US so concerned about this? (Hint... think environmental)
______________________________________________________________________________
8. How many valence electrons do most lanthanides have? ______________
9. Lanthanides have two very unique properties which are valued in manufacturing. List those
properties and a practical use in the table below.
Property
1.

Use

2.

10. From the boxes on page 65

a. Which lanthanides are found in a Toyota Prius? ________________________________
b. Which lanthanide is used in expensive baseball bats? ____________________________
11. A mixture of cerium and iron creates _____________________ and is used in
_______________________________.

12. Cerium has several other uses as well. Name 5 of them.

a. ________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________
e. ________________________________________________
13. Which lanthanides are used in welding to protect the eyes?
___________________________________________
14. From the box on page 66
a. Neodymium has two purposes in your cell phone. What are they?
_______________________________________________________ AND
_______________________________________________________
b. Which two lanthanides are used in color screens for tablets and e-readers?
________________________ and ___________________________
15. Why are lanthanides preferred over tin and copper in the ceramics industry?
________________________________________________________________
16. Europium has many uses. Describe some of them here:
a. In TVs __________________________________________________________
b. In streetlamps ___________________________________________________
c. In money _______________________________________________________
17. What steps did China take to ensure the price of lanthanides would remain high?
a. _________________________________________
b. _________________________________________
18. In response, what can the world do to lower the price of these elements?
_______________________________________________________________
19. Name two companies in the US that own mineral rights to lanthanides mined here.
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
20. Are we able to get more lanthanides from the original mine in Ytterby? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________________
21. From the box on page 67 Which lanthanide is used as a magnet in wind turbines?
___________________________________