CM NANG XY NH 2013

TRONG KHU VC THNH PH NHA TRANG

TI LIU PHT HNH MIN PH

XIN CHC MNG,

Gia nh bn quyt nh xy t m ti thnh ph vnh Nha trang.
Thnh ph ny khng nhng c v tr c a thun li m cn l ni c kh hu
l tng bn v gia nh nng cht lng sng ln mt tm cao mi.
Chc rng bn nghe rt nhiu li n thi xung quanh vic xy nh
v vic ln nt, xy kh khn, chi ph pht sinh v..v....
Vi kinh nghim hn 10 nm trong vic xy dng nh bit th v nh
ph cao cp v xy dng nhiu bit th khu vc ny, Kin trc s Trn Vit
xin tr li bn rng:
Xy dng nh tht d dng khng h kh khn nh li n i.
Mong mun ca Kts.Trn Vit l mang n nhng thng tin ban u
gip cho bn c c s nh gi v nhn tng quan v vic xy nh; Ln mt
k hoch r rng v nhu cu s gim thiu c nhng sai st khng ng c
trong qu trnh ny.

Ni dung ca cm nang ny gm cc phn nh sau:

Chng 1- D tr kinh ph xy dng.
Chng 2- Lm vic vi kin trc s v thng qua phng n xy dng
Chng 3- Nhng l do thu Cng ty Trn Vit thit k v thi cng.
Chng 4- Tin hnh xy dng
La phng n mng
La chn vt liu xy dng phn th
La chn vt liu xy dng phn hon thin
Chng 5- H bi v nhng kin thc cn bn v h bi.
Chng 6- Kim tra, nghim thu v hon cng.
2

Chng I: D tr kinh ph xy dng

1. Ti sao phi c tnh chi ph:
Bn c quyn hng th ng gi tr ca cn nh do , c tnh c
chi ph xy dng ngay t u l iu quan trng trnh xch mch vi nh
thu khi xy nh sau ny cng nh quyt nh c mc u t nh th no
l ph hp.
Thng thng c 2 loi chi ph chnh cn c tnh:
a. c tnh chi ph xy dng phn th
Phn th theo n gi vt t v nhn cng nm nay (2013) c gi tr
khong 2,9triu/m2 sn n 3,1 triu/m2 sn tu cht lng vt liu v quy
cch cppha.
Phn th thng c tnh l phn b tng, xy, trt h.

Thi cng tng hm nh DL-C22 Cng ty Trn Vit thc hin

b. c tnh chi ph trang tr ni tht

Bn c th tnh phn ny bao gm chi ph mua gch p lt, sn g,
thit b nh tm, bp ga, bp in, my lnh, bn gh s-pha, n trang tr,rm
ca v cc trang thit b gia dng khc cn sm mi. L do chng ti ngh
bn tnh ring loi chi ph ny v y l phn ri v hon ton c th c trang
b sau khi phn th ngi nh hon thnh.Thi gian trang b thm nhng ny
khng ph thuc vo thi gian xy th m ph thuc vo mc chu chi
ca bn.
Tuy nhin, cng xin chia s kinh nghim rng, chi ph hon thin ny c
gi thng thng khong 3triu/m2 ~ 5triu/m2 xy dng.
3

C th nm na phn hon thin ny cho d hnh dung nh sau:

Bn u t 3 triu/m2 th tng ng vi Khch sn tiu chun 3 sao.
Bn u t 5 triu/m2 th tng ng vi Khch sn tiu chun 5 sao.
Thc t l vic xy nh khng bao gi c pht sinh nu c thit k
k lng v tho thun c danh sch c th tng mn vt t b vo cng
trnh.
V d c tnh ph xy dng:
Nh c din tch xy dng 80m2, quy m 1 hm 1 trt 2 lu 1 mi th:
Phn mng c bn:
100.000.000 ng
Phn th: 4 x 80 m2 x 2.9 triu/m2
=
928.000.000 ng
Hon thin: 320m2 x 4 triu/m2 = 1.280.000.000 ng
Vy tng kt chi ph l:
2.308.000.000 ng
( Hai t ba trm l tm triu ng)
Vi con s c bn "ln lng" ny bn s yn tm hn khi trao i nhu
cu ca mnh t kin trc s thit k n nh thu thi cng ri nh.

Chng 2: Lm vic vi kin trc s (KTS)

Trc ht, bn cn hiu c nhng nhu cu c bn ca gia nh v ngi nh
mi nh: s lng phng, din tch v v tr ca phng, phong cch v vt dng
trang tr ni tht s s dng, khng gian d tr, phng th, nh xe, vn nh,
sn phi, bn cha nc....
Lu v nhng thay i trong tng lai, v d nh m ci v gia nh s c
thm ngi,v.v..
Nn tham kho tt c cc thnh vin trong gia nh trc khi thng qua nhng
k hoch ln cui.
Sp xp theo th t u tin tt c thng tin c cp trn
Sau khi c thng tin trn, gi l lc bn phi tin hnh lm vic
vi kin trc s.
-M t chi tit nhu cu ca bn v gia nh.
- Trnh by vi KTS v tng thm m ca bn v gia nh nu c.
- Trnh by r nhng bn khon hay thc mc ca bn lin quan n vic .
- Nu c s thch hay iu ti k no lin quan n cn nh ( chng hn vn
phong thu nh: hng nh, hng t, cch b tr phng bp, phng ng,
phng th cng v.v..) bn cng nn tho lun cng KTS bc ny.
- Sau khi trnh by kin ca bn, nn lng nghe li khuyn ca KTS nu yu
cu khng ph hp yu cu m thut v an ton.
-Nn tm hiu qua nhng thut ng xy dng v hn ch van thip vo phn x
l chuyn mn khi KTS a ra phng n.
2.2. Mt s bn v ch yu
Mt b h s bn v y bao gi cng gip cho vic thi cng hon
thin cng trnh tr nn d dng hn nhiu. Xin a ra mt s bn v ch yu
5

 cc bn tham kho:
a. Phn phi cnh minh ho: bao gm phi cnh cng trnh nhn t chnh
din, cc phi cnh gc minh ho, phi cnh ni tht bn trong nh ca phng
khch, phng n, bp, cc phng ng, khu ph, tiu cnh mt s im nhn
trang tr c bit, phi cnh ni tht sn vn (nu c)... Phn phi cnh ny
gip cho ch nh d dng hnh dung v khng gian thc t sau khi ngi nh
c xy dng, v c nhng tin liu chnh xc v cch bi tr c, s dng
vt liu, b tr nh sng, chn mu sn.v.v..
b. Phn bn v k thut: bao gm 03 b h s chnh nh sau:
- H s xin php xy dng: bao gm cc bn v chnh l bn v mt bng cc
tng, mt ct, mt ng,bn v mng, s cp in nc v thot nc.
- H s thit k s b: bao gm cc mt bng trin khai chi tit, cc mt ng,
mt ct, v mt s bn v phi cnh.
-H s thit k k thut thi cng: y l b h s sau cng, hon chnh nht,
lm cn c ch yu tin hnh thi cng cng trnh. H s bao gm cc phn:
+ Ton b cc bn v mt bng cc tng, mt bng mi, mt bng trn, mt
bng lt sn tng tng.
+Ton b cc bn v mt ct qua nh ( t nht 02 mt ct), cc mt ng ca
nh.
+Cc bn v trin khai cu to trong nh ( cu to thang, ca, chi tit trang tr,
cc khu v sinh, ban cng...)
+Cc bn v k thut in, cp thot nc, in thoi, chng st, my iu ho..
+Cc bn v tnh ton kt cu mng, ct, dm, sn, lanh t...
H s thit k k thut thi cng ny cng chi tit bao nhiu th cng t
xy ra xung t vi nh thu sau ny.
2.3 Kinh nghim chia s:
Khng bao gi h s kin trc v khai trin c th khp hon ton 100%
do , m bo cho nhng chi tit ca thit k m bn v KTS thng
nht, bn c th s dng nhng hnh v minh ho, hnh v 3D rng buc
trong hp ng vi nh thu thi cng v sau.
2.4 Tin hnh lp h s xin php xy dng:
Phn th tc xin php xy dng ti thnh ph Nha Trang tht l n gin:
Bn yu cu bn thit k lp h s xin php xy dng cho bn ng vi
quy nh hin hnh v Quy hoch tng khu vc.
Sau khong 3 tun, nu khng vi phm quy nh g th bn s c cp
Giy php xy dng.

Nh bit th DL C22

Chng 3. Nhng l do thu Cng ty Trn Vit thit k v thi

cng.
a.Tiu ch kinh nghim v trnh ca nh thu:
Trn Vit l 1 thng hiu hn 10 nm kinh nghim trong thit k
v thi cng.
Tuy nhin, nh gi ch tiu ny bn cn tng hp thng tin t nhiu
ngun. Mt trong nhng ngun chnh l vic kim tra cc cng vic thc t
m nh thu thc hin. Bn c th yu cu nh thu a n tham quan mt
s cng trnh tiu biu c phong cch v quy m gn ging yu cu ca bn.
Bn hy trc tip hi chuyn cc ch nh cng nh quan st t m cn nh
nhm rt ra nhn nh ca ring bn.
V trnh : Kin trc s Trn Vit tt nghip i hc kin trc Thnh
ph HCM kho 98. c cp chng ch hnh ngh thit k, xy dng bi S
Xy dng Khnh Ho.
b. Tiu ch thi gian:
Trn Vit lun cam kt tin thi cng v rng buc bng gi tr
kinh t ngay trong hp ng xy dng.
Thc t y l mc ni bt trong phng n thi cng. Chng ti tch
ring nhm nhn mnh tnh quan trng ca tiu ch ny. Bn cn tho thun vi
nh thu tin thi gian chi tit ca tng hng mc cng vic. Tt c nh thu
7

u phi lp bng tin cng trnh chi tit v yu cu vt liu tng thi im.
Bng ting ny s l cn c ch nh kim tra n c v hai bn tin
hnh quyt ton theo hng mc cng vic thc hin. Thng thng vi hng
mc nh ph n gin, iu kin thi cng thun li th qu trnh thi cng
thng ko di trong 4~5 thng. Vi cc cng trnh i hi hon thin cu k
hn, nh bit th c th ko di trong 1 nm hoc hn na.
c. Tiu ch gi c:
Trn Vit khng tnh gi xy dng trn m2 m bc tch d ton cn
thn bng phn mm chuyn nghip, do khng bao gi c pht sinh.
Xy dng nh dn dng hin nay thng phn ra 2 hnh thc nhn thu,
tng ng vi 2 mc gi khc nhau.
- Hnh thc nhn thu nhn cng tu theo s tho thun gia ch nh v
nh thu,Tuy nhin bn s rt mt thi gian theo cng trnh chy vt t v la
chn vt t. Thch hp vi ngi c nhiu thi gian rnh ri.
- Hnh thc nhn thu ton b c nhn cng v vt liu Cha kho trao
tay: mc gi c s giao ng rt ln do yu cu vt liu ca ch nh. Khi tin
hnh hp ng vi nh thu, ch nh cn nu ch tiu cc iu kin v vt liu
s dng ( xy th v hon thin) vi cc yu t: Mc gi ti thiu, chng loi,
phm cp, hn mc s dng, xut x v nhn hiu...Hp ng v vt liu cng
chi tit bao nhiu, vic thanh quyt ton v quan h gia ch nh v nh thu
cng thun li by nhiu.
Trong hp ng vi nh thu, ngoi cc iu khon c bn, bn nn lu
cp thm nhng iu khon sau:
- Quy nh an ton lao ng v an ton cng trnh cng cng, nh lin k.
- Quy nh tun th ni quy lao ng ca ban qun l d n An Vin.
- Hnh thc v thi hn thanh ton (theo tin hay theo thi gian v khi
lng cng trnh)
+Nu c th thng lng c bn nn yu cu nh thu k qu bo lnh ti
ngn hng.S tin v thi gian bo hnh ( tu theo thng lng) nhm m
bo cht lng xy dng sau khi ngi nh xy xong.
+ Bn cng nn tham kho vi KTS v ni dung hp ng vi nh thu.
2. Cng tc gim st
a. Nhim v chnh ca cng tc gim st:
- Kim tra cng vic v cht lng thi cng ca nh thu.
-Theo di vt t, yu cu nh thu thc hin ng nh mc vt t, trnh lng
ph hoc khng m bo cht lng.
- Tin hnh nghim thu tng hng mc cng vic, thc y thi cng m bo
thc hin ng tin .
- Kim tra thc hin an ton lao ng.
b. Gim st:
- T gim st: Ch nh c th l ngi "ng vai" gim st, hoc nh ngi
thn m nhn vic gim st nu c chuyn mn v hiu bit tht s v xy
8

dng.
- Thu cng ty t vn gim st: y l nhng n v c chuyn mun v giy
php hnh ngh gim st theo quy nh lut php.
c. V sao ta cn bn gim st:
V y l bn thay mt v bo v quyn li ch nh ng thi h cng
trnh v chuyn mn ni chuyn "k thut" vi nh thu, m bo thi
cng ng cht lng.Tu thuc vo gi thu m phn vic ca gim st c bao
gm gim st vt t hay khng.
Kinh nghim chia s
Bn nn trnh vc thu n v gim st do ch thu gii thiu m bo tnh
khch quan. Hy hi ngi thn hoc tham kho kin t kin trc s thit k.

Chng 4: Tin hnh xy dng

4.1 La chn phng n mng:
Mng cc:
Th trng c 02 loi cc:
Cc b tng vung t c ( Cc c )
Cc b tng ly tm
( Cc rng )
ngh chn loi cc b tng ly tm v cc l do sau:
c c bng cng ngh ly tm c ng lc trc, cng chu nn
cao hn cc vung t c nhiu ln.
Cu to phn b tng c nn rt cht, bo m thp bn trong khng
b xm thc ca nc bin.
Cc c sn xut hng lot bng my cng nghip nn cht lng ng
u.

Mng b; mng m ct:

Thng thng tu theo thit k v a cht thc t, bn c th xy dng phng
n mng b hoc mng m ct.
4.2 La chn vt liu xy th:
a. Xi mng l thnh phn quan trng nht trong cng tc xy, t v b tng.
Chn xi mng thch hp s m bo s vng chc cho cng trnh xy dng.Nn
la chn nhn hiu xi mng uy tn, c danh ting v c s tin tng ca nh
thu cng nh kin trc s.
Trn Vit khuyn dng xi mng Holcim nu bn d d ti chnh. Hoc xi mng
Nghi Sn cho gi thnh tit kim.

b. Ct
Cch phn bit ct cht lng:
- Ct cht lng c th c xc nh mt cch d dng bng cch ly mt vc
ct ri nm tay li. Bt k cht bn no ( nh bn) s dnh li vo lng bn tay
bn. Trong ct s c t st,sn hay cc cht bn khc c th s lm nh hng
n cng trnh. Chng cn c sng lc ra khi ct trc khi s dng.
- Mt phng php kim tra khoa hc hn cch trn l ct vo na bnh thu
tinh, thm mt t nc vo ri quy ln.Ct s lng xung y, cc cht bn s
xut hin r. C mt nguyn tc l nu hm lng bn hoc bi bn vt qu
3% tng trng lng ct th ct cn c lm sch trc khi s dng. Tm
li, ct cht lng l ct khng th cha t st, cht bn mica hay v s.....
- Khng nn s dng ct nhim phn hoc nhim mn trong b tng v xy t.
c.
10

Ct liu th thng l nhng vin nh tng thm sc chu lc cho b tng.

s dng cho b tng thng dng hin nay l 1x2 (kch thc ht ln nht
l 20mm-25mm).Ct lin phi sch tp cht khi a vo trn b tng.
Trong khi la chn , bn cn lu nhng yu t sau:
- thng dng c dng hnh khi, khng c nhiu tp cht v t thnh phn
ht dt.
d. Nc
Nc trong khu bit th An Vin l nc my thnh ph, bn khng phi lo
lng v cht lng nc xy dng cng nh sinh hot sau ny.
e. B tng
B tng nn dng b tng ti ca cc n v trn chuyn nghip.
Bn nh ly mu b tng lc i th nghim nu t cht lng ng mc
thit k mi thanh ton tin.
f. Gch:
Th trng Nha Trang tt nht l gch l Tuy nen Ninh Ho t tiu chun xy
dng. Mu gch phi u, vin gch thng, ng cht.
g. Thp
Thp trn th trng thng dng nht l Vit c, gi hp l va ti tin
v cht lng m bo tiu chun xy dng bc m.
h. in, nc
Dy din Cadivi, m Nano l nhng thng hiu uy tn lu i.
ng nc lnh: ng Bnh Minh loi 1.
ng nc nng: ng nan mu trng.

Chng 5: H bi
H bi hin c 02 loi trn th trng:
a. H bi truyn thng: L dng h b tng ct thp, thnh p gch men hoc
mozaic.
u im:
Hnh dng t do, trang tr p lt thnh h tu thch, gi ph hp.
Khuyt im:
Phi c phng k thut, h thng my lc phc tp, nhiu ng ng
nn kh nng r r cao.
b. H bi thng minh: Cu to h bng tm panel nha nh hnh sn, b
tng y, thnh h dn tm chng thm liner.
u im: Chng thm tuyt i, my lc gn nh.
Khuyt im: Gi qu t, hnh dng hn ch, khng bn bng h b tng
truyn thng.
ngh ca Kin trc s Trn Vit:
Kt hp u im ca 02 loi h bi ni trn, chng ta c th lm h bi
gia nh nh sau:
Cu to h bi vn l b tng ct thp truyn thng
11

 Chng thm bng vt liu liner thng minh

Lc nc bng my lc thng minh.
Nh vy bn c c h bi c bn tng ng cn nh ( > 80 nm)
v chng thm tuyt i, bn c th lm h bi trn sn thng nh m khng
phi lo lng g chuyn chng thm na.

H BI NH LK Q12 CTY TRN VIT THC HIN

Chng 6: Kim Tra, Nghim Thu, Hon Cng

1. Kim tra
Vic kim tra phi c thc hin t trong qu trnh xy nh, gim st
vin hoc ch nh nn thng xuyn kim tra khi lng, cht lng, quy cch,
kiu dng.
Khi cng trnh hon thnh v trc khi nhn bn giao, ch nh nn cng
gim st v ch thu kim tra i chiu li cng bn v chi tit.
2. Nghim thu
Vic nghim thu phi c thc hin i vi tng cng vic, tng b
phn , tng hng mc cng trnh, nghim thu a cng trnh vo s dng theo
quy nh ca php lut. Cc b phn b che khut ca cng trnh phi c
nghim thu v bn v hon cng trc khi tin hnh cc cng vic tip theo.
3. Hon cng
12