B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG
-------------------------------------

N TT NGHIP
NGNH: IN T VIN THNG

Ngi hng dn: CN. Nguyn Huy Dng

Sinh vin: Phm Trung Hiu

HI PHNG 2013

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG
------------------------------------

NG DNG LABVIEW IU KHIN L NHIT

GHP NI VI MY TNH

N TT NGHIP I HC CHNH QUY

NGNH: IN T VIN THNG

Ngi hng dn: CN. Nguyn Huy Dng

Sinh vin: Phm Trung Hiu

HI PHNG 2013

B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC DN LP HI PHNG
----------------------------------

NHIM V TI TT NGHIP

Sinh vin : Phm Trung Hiu.

Lp

: T1301.

M SV: 1351030011
Ngnh: in t vin thng

Tn ti: ng dng LabVIEW iu khin l nhit ghp ni

vi my tnh

NHIM V TI
1.

Ni dung v cc yu cu cn gii quyt trong nhim v ti tt nghip

( v l lun, thc tin, cc s liu cn tnh ton v cc bn v).

2.

Cc s liu cn thit thit k, tnh ton.

3.

a im thc tp tt nghip.

CN B HNG DN TI TT NGHIP
Ngi hng dn th nht:
H v tn: Nguyn Huy Dng.
Hc hm, hc v: C nhn.
C quan cng tc: Trng i hc Dn lp Hi Phng.
Ni dung hng dn: ...............................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Ngi hng dn th hai:
H v tn: ................................................................................................................
Hc hm, hc v: .....................................................................................................
C quan cng tc: ....................................................................................................
Ni dung hng dn: ...............................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
ti tt nghip c giao ngy.thng.nm 2013
Yu cu phi hon thnh xong trc ngy.thng.nm 2013
nhn nhim v TTN

giao nhim v TTN

Sinh vin

Ngi hng dn

Hi Phng, ngy ........ thng........nm 2013

Hiu trng

GS.TS.NGT Trn Hu Ngh

PHN NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN

1.

Tinh thn thi ca sinh vin trong qu trnh lm ti tt nghip:

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2.

nh gi cht lng ca kha lun (so vi ni dung yu cu ra

trong nhim v .T. T.N trn cc mt l lun, thc tin, tnh ton s liu):
.................................................................................................................................
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3.

Cho im ca cn b hng dn (ghi bng c s v ch):

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Hi Phng, ngythngnm 2013
Cn b hng dn

PHN NHN XT TM TT CA NGI CHM PHN BIN

1.

nh gi cht lng ti tt nghip v cc mt thu thp v phn

tch s liu ban u, c s l lun chn phng n ti u, cch tnh ton

cht lng thuyt minh v bn v, gi tr l lun v thc tin ti.
.................................................................................................................................
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2.

Cho im ca cn b phn bin (im ghi c s v ch).

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.................................................................................................................................
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Hi Phng, ngythngnm 2013
Ngi chm phn bin

MC LC
LI NI U .................................................................................................... 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGN NG LP TRNH LABVIEW .... 4
1.1: Tng quan v labVIEW ................................................................................ 4
1.1.1. LabVIEW l g? ........................................................................................ 4
1.1.2.Vai tr ca LabVIEW ................................................................................. 4
1.1.3.Cc chc nng chnh ca LabVIEW ........................................................... 5
1.1.4.Phn mm nhng vo LabVIEW ................................................................ 5
1.1.5.Cc giao thc kt ni ................................................................................... 6
1.1.6.Cc Module v b cng c LabVIEW ........................................................ 6
1.1.6.1.Cc module LabVIEW ............................................................................. 6
1.1.6.2.Cc b cng c LabVIEW ....................................................................... 7
1.1.7.LabVIEW lm vic nh th no? ................................................................ 7
1.2.Cc thnh phn ca LabVIEW....................................................................... 8
1.2.1.Bng giao din (The Front panel) ............................................................... 8
1.2.2.S khi (The Block Diagram) .............................................................. 11
1.3.Nhng cng c lp trnh LabVIEW ............................................................. 13
1.3.1.Tools Palette .............................................................................................. 13
1.3.2.Bng iu khin (Controls Palette) ........................................................... 14
1.3.3.Bng cc hm chc nng (Function palette) ............................................. 16
1.4.Cc loi Control v Indicatior ...................................................................... 24
1.4.1.Cc Control thng dng .......................................................................... 24
1.4.2.Cc dng Indicator thng dng ............................................................... 26
1.4.3.Kiu d liu trong LabVIEW v chuyn i d liu ................................ 29
1.5.Vng lp While (While Loop), vng lp For (For Loop) ............................ 30
1.5.1.Vng lp While (While Loop) .................................................................. 30
1.5.2.Vng lp For (For Loop) ........................................................................... 32
1.6.Mng............................................................................................................. 33
1.6.1.Khi nim v mng v cch to mng ...................................................... 33
1.6.2.Trch d liu t mt mng......................................................................... 35
1.7.B ................................................................................................................. 37
1.8.Cch to thit b o v thit b o con. ......................................................... 40
CHNG 2 IU KHIN L NHIT IN TR.................................... 47
2.1.Gii thiu ...................................................................................................... 47

2.2.u nhc im ca l in so vi cc l s dng nhin liu ...................... 47

2.3.Nguyn l lm vic ca l in tr .............................................................. 48
2.4.Cc phng php iu khin l in tr ...................................................... 49
2.4.1.iu khin dng Rle ............................................................................... 49
2.4.2.iu khin Thyristor ................................................................................. 50
2.4.3.Kt lun ..................................................................................................... 52
2.5.Cc nguyn tc iu khin Thyristor (Triac) ............................................... 53
2.5.1. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh ......................................... 53
2.5.2. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos ............................................ 54
2.5.3. S khi mch iu khin. .................................................................... 55
CHNG 3 IU KHIN L NHIT IN TR GIAO TIP VI MY
TNH BNG LABVIEW ................................................................................. 57
3.1.Phng n thit k ........................................................................................ 57
3.1.1.Yu cu thit k ......................................................................................... 57
3.1.2Phng php iu khin ............................................................................. 57
3.2: Gii thiu Card USB-9001.......................................................................... 58
3.2.1: Thng s k thut ..................................................................................... 58
3.2.2Cch s dng .............................................................................................. 60
3.3 M hnh iu khin s dng card USB-9001 ......................................... 61
3.3.1. Sensor LM35 ............................................................................................ 61
3.3.2.Xy dng m hnh iu khin: .................................................................. 62
3.4: Chng trnh iu khin bng ngn ng LabVIEW................................... 63
CHNG 4: KT LUN HNG PHT TRIN CA TI ......... 65
4.1.Cc kt qu thc hin c trong ti .................................................. 65
4.2.Nhng hn ch.............................................................................................. 65
4.3.Hng pht trin ca ti .......................................................................... 65
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................... 67

DANH MC HNH
Hnh 1.1 Phm vi ng dng ca LabVIEW .......................................................... 5
Hnh 1.2 Cc giao thc kt ni ca LabVIEW .................................................... 6
Hnh 1.3 Bng giao din mi ............................................................................... 9
Hnh 1.4 M t tn ca VI hin thi ang ti ...................................................... 9
Hnh 1.5 Thanh cng c giao din ..................................................................... 10
Hnh 1.6 S khi ca LabVIEW .................................................................... 12
Hnh 1.7 Bng Tool Palette ................................................................................ 13
Hnh 1.8 Bng mu Controls ............................................................................. 15
Hnh 1.9 Bng iu khin v ch th s .............................................................. 15
Hnh 1.10 Bng iu khin v ch th logic ........................................................ 16
Hnh 1.11 Bng Graph ....................................................................................... 16
Hnh 1.12 Bng Functions ................................................................................. 17
Hnh 1.13 Hm cu trc- Structures Function .................................................. 17
Hnh 1.14 Hm mng Function Array ............................................................ 18
Hnh 1.15 Hm cm & bin th Cluter & Variant .......................................... 18
Hnh 1.16 Hm s hc Numeric Function ...................................................... 19
Hnh 1.17 Hm Boolean ..................................................................................... 19
Hnh 1.18 Hm chui String Function ............................................................ 20
Hnh 1.19 Hm so snh Comparison Functions ............................................. 20
Hnh 1.20 Hm Thi gian Time function ........................................................ 21
Hnh 1.21 Hm Dialog & User Interface .......................................................... 21
Hnh 1.22 Hm File I/O- File I/O Function....................................................... 22
Hnh 1.23 Hm dng sng Waveform ............................................................. 22
Hnh 1.24 Hm iu khin ng dng- Application Control............................... 23
Hnh 1.25 Hm ng b ho - Synchronization Function ................................. 23
Hnh 1.26 Hm ha v m thanh Graphic & Sound Function .................. 23
Hnh 1.27 Hm pht sinh bo co Report Generation Function.................... 24
Hnh 1.28: Cch ly Control .............................................................................. 25
Hnh 129: Copy nhanh bng vic ko th ......................................................... 25
Hnh 1.30: Cch ly Indicator ........................................................................... 27
Hnh 1.31: Cch ly Indicator ........................................................................... 28
Hnh 1.32: Cch ly Indicator ........................................................................... 28
Hnh 1.33: Cc kiu d liu trong LabVIEW..................................................... 29

Hnh 1.34: Ly While Loop ti BD .................................................................... 30

Hnh 1.35: Tnh tng vi While Loop ................................................................ 31
Hnh 1.36: S dng shift register ....................................................................... 32
Hnh 1.37: For Loop .......................................................................................... 32
Hnh 1.38: Mng 1 chiu dng so, 2 chiu dng boolean, v 3 chiu dng chui
............................................................................................................................ 33
Hnh 1.39: Ly mng t FP ............................................................................... 33
Hnh 1.40: To Numeric array........................................................................... 34
Hnh 1.41: Ko di mng ................................................................................... 34
Hnh 1.42: Copy nhanh mt mng ..................................................................... 34
Hnh 1.43: Chng trnh hon thin.................................................................. 35
Hnh 1.44: Kt qu php cng 2 mng .............................................................. 35
Hnh 1.45: Ly hm Index array ........................................................................ 36
Hnh 1.46: Chng trnh truy xut gi tr thnh phn trong array ................. 36
Hnh 1.47: Tng 2 array .................................................................................... 37
Hnh 1.48: To array 2 chiu ............................................................................. 37
Hnh 1.49: Ko th Cluster ra Front panel ...................................................... 38
Hnh 1.50: Cluster to ra .............................................................................. 38
Hnh 1.51 To Cluster indicator ........................................................................ 39
Hnh 1.52: Kt qu to ra l Cluster indicator s hin th ng Cluster control
............................................................................................................................ 39
Hnh 1.53: Phng php to Cluster bng hm Bundle ................................... 39
Hnh 1.54 Bc tch cc phn t trong mt b .................................................. 40
Hnh 1.55 V d minh ha .................................................................................. 41
Hnh 1.56 Ca s Icon Editor ............................................................................ 42
Hnh 1.57: V d minh ha v Icon .................................................................. 42
Hnh 1.58a: Cc bc v Icon .......................................................................... 43
Hnh 1.58b: Cc bc to Icon .......................................................................... 43
Hnh 1.58c: Cc bc to Icon .......................................................................... 44
Hnh 2.1 . S iu khin bng Rle............................................................... 49
Hnh 2.2 . th quan h gia nhit v cng sut cp ................................ 50
Hnh 2.3 . S iu khin bng Thyristor ....................................................... 50
Hnh 2.4 . Dng in p ra iu khin bng Thyristor ...................................... 51
Hnh 2.5. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh .................................... 54
Hnh 2.6. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng ..................................................... 55

Hnh 2.7. S khi mch iu khin ............................................................... 55

Hnh 3.1. Mch iu khin l in tr ............................................................... 57
Hnh 3.2. S chc nng Card USB-9001 ...................................................... 61
Hnh 3.3. iu khin l nhit in tr ghp ni vi my tnh ........................... 62
Hnh 3.4. S ghp ni phn cng iu khin l nhit in tr ..................... 63

LI NI U
iu khin l mt lnh vc quan trng ca i sng x hi, ca nn kinh
t quc dn, ca khoa hc k thut v ca nn i cng nghip. Bt c v tr
no, bt c lm mt cng vic g mi ngi trong chng ta u tip cn vi iu
khin. N l khu quan trng quyt nh s thnh bi trong mi hot ng ca
chng ta.
Nn i cng nghip hin nay cng ngy cng c nng cao, mc t
ng ha vi mc ch nng cao nng sut lao ng, gim chi ph sn xut, gii
phng con ngi ra khi nhng v tr lm vic nguy him v c hi tip
cn vi nn i cng nghip c trnh t ng ha cao National Instruments l
tin phong ng u v cc dng c o, phng php o c v t ng ha ca
cc k s, nh khoa hc trong cng nghip. LabVIEW nhm nng cao kh nng
o lng cng nghip nh nhng c im mi c thit k cho nhng giao
din phn tch v iu khin tin tin, qun l h thng phn tn nng cao v
ch (target) mi cho giao din ngi my (HMI). Mi trng LabVIEW m
tng thch vi mi thit b o vi cc tr gip tng tc, to m ngun v kh
nng kt ni ti hng nghn thit b gip tp hp d liu d dng. V LabVIEW
cung cp tnh kt ni ti hu ht mi thit b o, nn bn c th d dng kt hp
nhng ng dng LabVIEW mi vo cc h thng hin i. Chnh v vy m
LabVIEW ngy cng c ng dng rng ri v tr thnh la chn hng u
ca cc k s v cc nh khoa hc trn ton th gii.
Mc ch nghin cu ca n:
-

Nghin cu v cch thc s dng phn mm LabVIEW, tm hiu v cc

ng dng ca LabVIEW nh: cch to giao din, lp trnh s khi, lm th

no to thit b o (VI) v thit b o con (Sub VI)
-

Nghin cu v card USB- 9001, cch truyn v nhn tn hiu t phn

mm LabVIEW ti card USB- 9001.

-

iu khin v n nh nhit trong l nhit bng phng n iu khin

kiu Rle
1

i tng v phm vi nghin cu:

Vi ti: ng dng LabVIEW iu khin l nhit ghp ni vi my
tnh, i tng nghin cu ca em bao gm: nghin cu v phn mm
LabVIEW, card USB- 9001, v l nhit in tr. Thu thp tn hiu t cm bin
(cm bin nhit ), giao tip vi PC thng qua card USB- 9001, phn mm
LabVIEW x l tn hiu a vo, sau s xut tn hiu ra iu khin nhm
n nh nhit trong l.
ngha thc tin ca n:
Nghin cu phn mm LabVIEW vi nhng ng dng rt rng ri, bi v
bng phn mm chng ta c th thit k, iu khin v kim tra nh cc phn
cng iu khin v o c. LabVIEWc kh nng kt ni ti rt nhiu thit b
gip tp hp d liu d dng, ng thi cung cp tnh kt ni ti hu ht mi
thit b o, v vy c th d dng kt hp nhng ng dng LabVIEW mi vo
cc h thng hin i.
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, n nh nhit c ng
dng rng ri trong cng nghip v nng nghip. Trong cng nghip, n nh
nhit c ng dng trong cc l nung thp, l nung gch , trong cc ng
ng dn du, l hi trong cc nh my bia ruTrong nng nghip n nh
nhit c ng dng trong cc l p trng, l sy v bo qun cc sn phm
nng sn. Nh vy, vic n nh nhit c vai tr quan trng gp phn thc
y s pht trin ca nn kinh t.
Ni dung thc hin ti ca chng em gm 4 chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan v ngn ng lp trnh LabVIEW.
Chng 2: iu khin l nhit in tr.
Chng 3: iu khin l nhit giao tip vi my tnh bng phn mm
LabVIEW
Chng 4: Kt lun Hng pht trin ca ti.

Do thi gian c hn v kin thc chuyn mn cng nh thc t cn hn

ch nn bn n ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong nhn c
s ch bo, gp ca cc thy c v cc bn n ny c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ch bo tn tnh ca cc thy, c,
c bit l thy Nguyn Huy Dng to iu kin tt nht em hon thnh
n ny. Em xin knh chc cc thy c lun lun mnh khe c th tip tc
du dt nhiu th h sinh vin.

Hi Phng, thng 07 nm 2013

Sinh vin thc hin
Phm Trung Hiu

CHNG 1:

TNG QUAN V NGN NG LP TRNH LABVIEW

1.1: Tng quan v labVIEW
1.1.1. LabVIEW l g?
LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) l
ngn ng lp trnh ha s dng cc biu tng (Icon) thay cho nhng dng
lnh to ng dng.
1.1.2. Vai tr ca LabVIEW
-

Kim tra, o kim v phn tch tn hiu trong k thut (o nhit , phn

tch nhit trong ngy)

-

Thu thp d liu (Data Acquisition ), (thu thp cc gi tr p sut, cng

, dng in,)
-

iu khin cc thit b ( iu khin ng c DC, iu khin nhit trong

l )
-

Phn loi sn phm (dng chng trnh x l nh phn bit sn phm

b li, ph phm)
-

Bo co trong cng nghip (thu thp, phn tch d liu v bo co cho

ngi qun l rt xa thng qua giao thc truyn TCP/IP trong mi trng
mng Ethernet)
-

Giao tip my tnh v truyn dn d liu qua cc cng giao tip ( h tr

hu ht cc chun giao tip nh USB, PCI, COM, RS-232, RS-485)

Hnh 1.1 Phm vi ng dng ca LabVIEW

1.1.3. Cc chc nng chnh ca LabVIEW
-

Thu thp tn hiu t cc thit b bn ngoi nh cm bin nhit , hnh

nh t webcam, vn tc ca ng c
-

Giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi thng qua nhiu chun giao tip nh:

RS232, RS485, USB, PCI, TCP/IP, Enthernet.

-

M phng v x l cc tn hiu thu nhn c phc v cc mc ch

nghin cu hay mc ch ca h thng m ngi lp trnh mong mun.

-

Xy dng cc giao din ngi dng mt cch nhanh chng v thm m

hn nhiu ln so vi cc ngn ng nh VB, Matlab, Visual C

-

Cho php kt hp vi nhiu ngn ng truyn thng nh C, C++

Cho php thc hin cc thut ton iu khin nh PID, Logic m (Fuzzy).

1.1.4. Phn mm nhng vo LabVIEW

-

Wolfram Research Mathematica.

Microsoft Excel.

The MathWorks MATLAB and Simulink.

MathSoft MathCAD.

Electronic Workbench MultiSim.

Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio.

Ansoft RF circuit design software.

5

Microsoft Access.

Microsoft SQL Server.

Oracle.

1.1.5. Cc giao thc kt ni

-

Ethernet

CAN

DeviceNet

USB

IEEE 1394

RS-232

GPIB

RS-485

Hnh 1.2 Cc giao thc kt ni ca LabVIEW

1.1.6. Cc Module v b cng c LabVIEW

1.1.6.1. Cc module LabVIEW
tng cng sc mnh v m rng kh nng ca b phn mm pht
trin LabVIEW, NI cung cp thm cc module h tr n nhiu loi phn cng
nhng khc nhau:
-

Module thi gian thc (LabVIEW Real-Time Module).

Module FPGA.

Module iu khin gim st v ghi d liu (LabVIEW Datalogging and

Supervisory Control Module).

-

Module biu trng thi (LabVIEW Statechart Module).

Module m phng v thit k b iu khin (LabVIEW Control Design

and Simulation Module).

-

Module pht trin th gic (NI Visioni Development Module).

Module cho mn hnh cm ng v PDA (LabVIEW PDA and LabVIEW

Touch Panel Module).

-

LabVIEW DSP Module ( x l tn hiu s ).

1.1.6.2. Cc b cng c LabVIEW

NI cng thm vo LabVIEW cc b cng c em li cc tin ch khc
nhau nh: to bo co, phn tch nng cao, thng tin lin lc c s d liu, phn
tch m thanh v rung ng.
-

B cng c kt ni c s d liu (LabVIEW Database Connectivity

Toolkit).
-

B cng c x l tn hiu nng cao (LabVIEW Advanced Signal

Processing Toolkit).
-

B o lng m thanh v rung ng (LabVIEW Sound and Vibration

Measurement Suite).
-

B cng c nhn dng h thng (LabVIEW System Identification

Toolkit).
-

B cng c tng tc m phng (LabVIEW Simulation Interface Toolkit).

B cng c theo di thc thi thi gian thc (LabVIEW Real-Time

Execution Trace Toolkit).

-

B cng c kt ni Internet (LabVIEW Internet Toolkit).

B cng c iu bin (LabVIEW Modulation Toolkit).

B cng c iu khin PID (LabVIEW PID Control Toolkit).

B cng c thit k b lc s (LabVIEW Digital Filter Design Toolkit).

1.1.7. LabVIEW lm vic nh th no?

LabVIEW c bit n nh l mt ngn ng lp trnh vi khi nim
hon ton khc so vi cc ngn ng lp trnh truyn thng nh ngn ng C,
Pascal Bng cch din t c php thng qua cc hnh nh trc quan trong
mi trng son tho c sn hng ngn th vin, hm v cu trc lp trnh,
LabVIEW c gi vi tn khc l lp trnh G (vit tt ca Graphical).
Nhng chng trnh LabVIEW c gi l nhng thit b o (Virtual
Instruments VIs), bi v hnh dng v cch hot ng ging vi nhng thit b
vt l, chng hn nh my nghim dao ng, my hin sng
Trong LabVIEW, bn xy dng giao din ngi dng bng cch s dng
mt b cc cng c v i tng, v ca s Front panel c xem nh l giao
7

din ngi dng. Cn ca s Block diagram cha cc hm thao tc l cc biu

tng ha, ni m dng d liu thc thi.
1.2. Cc thnh phn ca LabVIEW
LabVIEW bao gm cc th vin ca cc hm chc nng v cc cng c
pht trin c thit k c bit dnh cho thit b iu khin. Cc chng trnh
LabVIEW c gi l nhng dng c o bi v s xut hin v hot ng ca
chng m phng cc dng c thc t. Cc VI c c 2 tng tc l: mt tng
tc giao din ngi dng v mt m ngun tng ng, v truy nhp cc tham
s t cc VI tng cao.
LabVIEW gm c 3 thnh phn chnh l: bng giao din ( The Front
Panel), s khi (The Block Diagram) v biu tng & u ni (The Icon Connect).
1.2.1. Bng giao din (The Front panel)
Front Panel l giao din m ngi s dng h thng nhn thy. Cc VI bao
gm mt giao din ngi dng c tnh tng tc m c gi l bng giao din,
v n m phng mt trc ca mt dng c vt l. Bng giao din c th bao
gm cc nm, cc nt y, cc th v cc dng c ch th v iu khin khc.
Bn nhp vo d liu s dng bn phm v chut ri sau quan st cc kt qu
trn mn hnh my tnh.
Vo Start>>All Programs>> National Instruments LabVIEW mt ca
s LabVIEW xut hin. Bn tip tc chn Evaluate v ca s Getting Started
s xut hin ngay sau . Bn chn Blank VI hin th bng giao din hoc
bn c th chn New v sau hp thoi New xut hin v trong hp thoi
mc nh con tr danh mc Blank VI. hin th bng giao din bn ch cn
kch vo nt OK pha gc phi di. C hai cch trn u m bng giao
din mi bn c th xy dng mt VI mi hon ton.
Ngoi ra bn c th m mt bng giao din c sn trong LabVIEW bng
cch trong hp thoi New, t mc Create New, la chn VI>>From
template>>Tutorial (Getting Started)>>Generate and Display. V sau
8

kch nt OK hin th bng giao din. Bng giao din s xut hin nh hnh
1.3 sau y:

Hnh 1.3 Bng giao din mi

Ta cng c th m bng giao din ca mt VI c sn trong th vin
LabVIEW bng cch trong hp thoi bng giao din vo File>>Open sau
kch p vo cc v d c sn. Trong khi VI ang ti, mt hp thoi xut hin,
ci m m t tn ca VI hin thi ang ti, tn ca iu khin cng m VI c
nh v trn , cc th mc v cc ng dn ang c tm kim, v s lng
VI trong qu trnh ti. Hp thoi xut hin nh hnh 1.4 bn di:

Hnh 1.4 M t tn ca VI hin thi ang ti

Trong bng giao din bao gm mt thanh cng c ca cc nt lnh v cc
dng c ch bo trng thi m bn s dng cho qu trnh chy v x l cc VI.
9

N cng bao gm nhng tu chn phng v cc tu chn phn phi v sp thnh

hng cho vic son tho cc VI.

12

3 4

10

Hnh 1.5 Thanh cng c giao din

Trong :
1. Nt chy chng trnh (thanh khng sng b v: li, phi sa li
chng trnh)
2. Nt chy lp
3. Nt dng cng p chng trnh
4. Nt tm dng
5. Text setting (mu sc, nh dng, kch thc- phng)
6. Ging u i tng theo hng dc v ngang
7. Phn b cc i tng
8. Thay i kch thc cc i tng
9. Lnh b sung
10. Ca s tr gip
Cc lu khi hot ng VI
1. Trong bng giao din, chy VI bng cch kch vo nt chy
trn thanh cng c
Nt chy thay i ch bo rng VI ang chy
2. S dng cng c Operating thay i cc gi tr gii hn cao v thp. u
tin chiu sng gi tr c, sau bng vic tip tc nhn p gi tr bn mun
thay i, hoc kch v ko ngang qua gi tr vi cng c Labeling. Khi no gi
tr ban u c chiu sng, nhp mt gi tr mi v nhn <Enter>. Bn cng c
10

th kch trn nt nhp vo trong thanh cng c, hoc kch chut trong mt vng
m ca ca s nhp vo gi tr mi.
3. Thay i iu khin trt Update Period, bng cch t cng c Operating
trn thanh trt v ko ca n ti mt v tr mi.
4. Thc hnh iu chnh nhng iu khin khc.
5. Dng VI bng cch kch vo cng tc chuyn i thu nhn. VI khng th
dng ngay lp tc bi v VI cn phi i cho phng trnh hay s phn tch cui
cng t ti hon thnh thao tc.
Lu : Ta nn i cho mt VI thc thi hon ton hoc nn thit k mt cch
thc dng n, chng hn nh t mt cng tc trn giao din.
Mc d VI dng nu ta kch vo nt dng trn thanh cng c, y khng
phi l cch tt nht dng cc VI li bi v nt dng dng chng trnh ngay
lp tc. iu ny c th lm gin on cc hm chc nng I/O, v v th n c
th dn n tnh trng khng mong mun.
1.2.2. S khi (The Block Diagram)
S khi cha ng m ngun th, thng bit nh l m G hoc m
s khi, cho n VI chy nh th no. M s khi s dng th biu
din cc chc nng iu khin cc i tng trn giao din. Cc i tng
trn giao din xut hin nh biu tng cc thit b trn s khi. Kt ni iu
khin v cc u ca dng c ch th ti Express VIs, VIs, v cc chc nng. D
liu chuyn thng qua dy dn t cc iu khin n cc VI v cc hm chc
nng, t cc VI v cc hm chc nng n cc VI v cc hm chc nng khc,
v t cc VI v cc hm chc nng n cc dng c ch th. S di chuyn ca d
liu thng qua cc nt trn s khi xc nh mnh lnh thc hin ca cc VI
v cc hm chc nng. S di chuyn d liu ny c bit nh lu lp trnh.
1. M s khi ca mt h thng no bng cch chn Window>>Show
Block Diagram. Hoc cng c th gi ti s khi bng cch trn bng giao
din nhn <Ctrl E>. S khi c nn mu trng nh hnh 1.6 di y:

11

Hnh 1.6 S khi ca LabVIEW

2. S phn cp
Sc mnh ca LabVIEW nh v trong bn cht s phn cp ca cc VI.
Sau khi bn to ra mt VI, bn s dng n nh mt VI con trong s khi ca
mt VI tng cao hn. Bn c th c mt s v tn bn cht ca cc tng trong s
phn cp.
3.Cc dng dy ni trn s khi
V hng

Mng 1 chiu

Kiu Numeric

Kiu Boolean

Kiu String
Kiu Dynamic

12

Mng 2 chiu

1.3. Nhng cng c lp trnh LabVIEW

Cc cng c lp trnh trn LabVIEW bao gm cc cng c to ra cc
thit b o. N bao gm cc cng c trong bng giao din (The Front Panel) v
cc cng c trong s khi (Block Diagram).
1.3.1. Tools Palette
LabVIEW s dng mt bng Tools ni, bng m bn c th s dng
son tho v g li cc VI. Bn s dng phm <Tab> ti bng thng qua cc
cng c s dng thng thng trn bng mu. Nu bn c ng Tools palette,
chn View>>Show Tools Palette hin th bng mu. Tools palette c
minh ho nh hnh 1.7 di y:

Hnh 1.7 Bng Tool Palette

Automatic Selection Tool: cng c la chn t ng
Operating tool: t nhng mc bng mu Controls v
Function trn bng giao din v s khi.
Positionting tool: nhng la chn v tr, thay i kch thc
v la chn cc i tng
Labeling tool: son tho vn bn v to ra cc nhn t do.
Wiring tool: ni dy cc i tng vi nhau trong s
khi.
13

Object pop-up menu tool: mang ln trn mt thc n popup cho mt i tng.
Scroll tool: cun xuyn qua ca s khng s dng thanh
cng c cun.
Breakpoint tool: thit t cc im dng trn cc VI, cc
hm chc nng, cc vng lp, cc chui v cc trng hp.
Probe tool: to ra cc u d trn cc dy
Color copy tool: sao chp cc mu dn ti Color tool
Color tool: thit t cc mu nn v mu ni.

1.3.2. Bng iu khin (Controls Palette)

Bng Controls bao gm mt th, bng ni m t ng m ra khi bn
khi ng LabVIEW. Bn s dng bng ny t cc iu khin v cc dng
c ch th trn bng giao din ca mt VI. Mi biu tng lp trn cha ng
cc bng mu con. Nu bng Controls khng xut hin, bn c th m bng
bng cch la chn View>>Show Controls Palette t menu ca bng giao din.
Bn cng c th bt ln trn mt vng m trong bng giao din truy nhp mt
s sao chp tm thi ca bng Controls. S minh ho sau y hin th lp u
tin ca bng Controls.

14

Hnh 1.8 Bng mu Controls

1.

Numeric: Cc iu khin v dng c ch th s ( Numeric Controls and

Indicator ). Ta dng iu khin s nhp cc i lng s, trong khi nhng

dng c ch th s th hin th cc i lng s. Hai i tng s c s dng
thng dng nht l digital control - iu khin s v digital indicator ch
th s.

Hnh 1.9 Bng iu khin v ch th s

2.

Boolean: Cc iu khin v dng c ch th kiu logic (Boolean Controls

and Indicator ). Ta s dng iu khin v dng c ch th kiu logic cho vic

nhp v hin th cc gi tr kiu Bool (ng/sai- True/False). Cc i tng i
s Bool m phng cc chuyn mch - cng tc, cc nt bm, n LED. Cc i
tng i s Bool c s dng thng dng nht l vertical toggle switch
cng tc o chiu thng ng v round LED - n LED xung quanh.
15

Hnh 1.10 Bng iu khin v ch th logic

3.

Graph: Bao gm Graph 2D, Graph 3D

Trong Graph 2D c chia thnh 2 loi :

-

Waveform graph : Dng biu din nhng hm n tr c dng y = f (x),

vi nhng khong chia ngang nhau trn cc trc.

-

XY graph : dng biu din cc hm a tr nh ng trn hay dng

sng thay i theo thi gian.

Hnh 1.11 Bng Graph

Ngoi ra, LabVIEW con rt nhiu th vin trong bng mu Control nh:
System, Classic, Express, Control Design & SimulationTrong c h tr rt
nhiu hm vi chc nng khc nhau. Vic s dng cc hm trong tng th vin
ht sc linh hot v ty thuc vo mc ch s dng v yu cu tng bi ton.
1.3.3. Bng cc hm chc nng (Function palette)
Bng Function bao gm mt bng th, bng ni m t ng m ra khi
bn chuyn ti s khi. Bn s dng bng ny t cc nt (hng s, dng
c ch th, cc VI v ) trn s khi mt VI. Mi biu tng lp trn cha
16

ng cc bng mu con. Nu bng Function khng xut hin r rng, bn c th

chn View>>Show Function Palette t menu ca s khi hin th n.
Bn cng c th m ra trn mt vng m trong s khi truy nhp mt mt
s sao chp tm thi ca bng Functions. Lp trn ca bng Functions c
minh ho nh hnh 1.12 sau y:

Hnh 1.12 Bng Functions

Vic khai thc th mnh ca LabVIEW trn mi lnh vc ph thuc rt
nhiu vo kh nng khai thc th vin hm ca LabVIEW. Th vin hm ca
LabVIEW c hnh tng ho trn bng Funtion. Ngi s dng d dng truy
cp hm cn dng bng cch kch chut vo biu tng trn bng.
1. Hm cu trc- Structures Function: Bao gm vng lp For, While, cu trc
Case, Sequence, cc bin ton cc v cc b. ng dn truy cp Function
>>Structures. Biu tng ca hm Structures:

Hnh 1.13 Hm cu trc- Structures Function

17

2. Hm mng Function Array: S dng to ra v iu khin cc mng.

ng dn truy cp: Function>>Array. Biu tng ca hm:

Hnh 1.14 Hm mng Function Array

3. Hm cm & bin th Cluter & Variant: S dng hm ny to ra v
iu khin cc cm, chuyn i d liu LabVIEW t mt khun dng bn c th
thao tc c lp kiu d liu, thm nhng thuc tnh ti d liu, v chuyn i
d liu bin th ti d liu LabVIEW. ng dn truy cp: Function>>Cluter
& Variant. Biu tng ca hm:

Hnh 1.15 Hm cm & bin th Cluter & Variant

4. Hm s hc Numeric Function: S dng hm ny to v thc hin
nhng thao tc s hc, lng gic, Lgarit, s phc ton hc trong cc s v
chuyn i nhng s t mt kiu d liu ny sang mt kiu d liu khc. ng
dn truy cp: Function>>Numeric. Biu tng ca hm:

18

Hnh 1.16 Hm s hc Numeric Function

5. Hm Boolean- Boolean Function: cha cc hm logic nh: and, or, xor, nor
v cc hm logic phc tp khc. ng dn truy cp: Function>>Boolean.
Biu tng ca hm Boolean:

Hnh 1.17 Hm Boolean

6. Hm chui String Function: S dng hm ny lin kt hai hay nhiu
chui, tch mt tp con ca cc chui t mt chui, chuyn d liu vo bn
trong chui, v nh dng mt chui s dng trong mt cng on x l t hoc
ng dng bng biu. ng dn truy cp: Function>>String. Biu tng ca
hm:

19

Hnh 1.18 Hm chui String Function

7. Hm so snh Comparison Functions: S dng hm ny so snh cc gi
tr i s Bool, cc chui, cc gi tr s, cc mng v cc cm. Hm so snh x
l cc gi tr Boolean, string, numeric, array v cluster khc nhau. Bn c th
thay i phng php so snh ca vi hm Comparison. ng dn truy cp:
Function>> Comparison. Biu tng ca hm:

Hnh 1.19 Hm so snh Comparison Functions

8. Hm Thi gian Time function: xc nh dng thi gian, o khong thi
gian tri hoc tr hon mt tin trnh trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
ng dn truy cp: Function>> Timing. Biu tng ca hm Time:

20

Hnh 1.20 Hm Thi gian Time function

9. Hm Dialog & User Interface: S dng hm ny to ra cc hp thoi ti
nhc nh ngi s dng vi cc ch dn. ng dn truy cp: Function>>
Dialog & User Interface. Biu tng ca hm:

Hnh 1.21 Hm Dialog & User Interface

10. Hm File I/O- File I/O Function: thc hin cc chc nng cho mt tp tin
nh lu, m tp tin theo dng nh phn, spreadsheet, ng mt tp tin Ngoi
ra hm ny cn cha cc chc nng m rng khc v lu tr d liu. ng dn
truy cp: Function >> File I/O. Biu tng ca hm File I/O:

21

Hnh 1.22 Hm File I/O- File I/O Function

11. Hm dng sng Waveform: S dng hm ny xy dng dng sng m
bao gm cc gi tr dng sng, thay i thng tin, thit lp v khi phc cc
thnh phn v thuc tnh ca dng sng. ng dn truy cp:
Function>>Waveform. Biu tng ca hm l:

Hnh 1.23 Hm dng sng Waveform

12. Hm iu khin ng dng- Application Control: S dng hm ny lp
trnh cc VI iu khin v cc ng dng LabVIEW trn my tnh a phng
hoc qua mt mng. Ta c th s dng cc VI v cc hm chc nng ny
nh dng nhiu VI ti cng mt thi im. ng dn truy cp: Function>>
Application Control. Biu tng ca hm:

22

Hnh 1.24 Hm iu khin ng dng- Application Control

13. Hm ng b ho - Synchronization Function: S dng hm ny ng
b cc nhim v thi hnh song song v chuyn d liu gia cc nhim v
song song. ng dn truy cp: Function>> Synchronization. Biu tng ca
hm l:

Hnh 1.25 Hm ng b ho - Synchronization Function

14. Hm ha v m thanh Graphic & Sound Function: S dng hm
ny to ra yu cu hin th, d liu cng vo v cng ra t cc phai ho v
cho chy nhng m thanh. ng dn truy cp: Function>>Graphic & Sound.
Biu tng ca hm l:

Hnh 1.26 Hm ha v m thanh Graphic & Sound Function

23

15. Hm pht sinh bo co Report Generation Function: S dng hm ny

to v iu khin cc bo co ca cc ng dng LabVIEW. ng dn truy
cp: Function>>Report Generation. Biu tng ca hm l:

Hnh 1.27 Hm pht sinh bo co Report Generation Function

1.4. Cc loi Control v Indicatior
1.4.1. Cc Control thng dng
Cc control thng dng gm cc dng: numeric, fill slide, pointer
slide, knob, dial, constant, string, simulated signal,vv.
ly cc Control, ta vo th vin theo ng dn: FP> Express >
Numeric Control nh Hnh 3.1 v chn Control cn ly. V d ly Numeric
control: Right click trn ca s FP, chn Express, chn Numeric Control,
Chn Numeric Control v t ra mn hnh. Tng t i vi Slide control v
String control ta lm nh trn.

24

Hnh 1.28: Cch ly Control

Ta c th copy nhanh cc Control bng cch nhn Ctrl (Trn bn
phm) v ko th cc Control bng chut tri.

Hnh 129: Copy nhanh bng vic ko th

Cc Control thng dng c tm tt ti bng sau:
Numeric control: l control dng s
Fill slide: Control c dng mt thanh trt
Pointer slide: Control dng thanh trt c nt ko
Knob: Nt vn
Dial: a xoay

25

Constant: hng s, hay c th xem l mt dng

numeric control nhng gi tr khng thay i trong
sut qu trnh chy chng trnh. to Constant ta
ly mt Numeric control, chut phi ln Numeric
control chn Change to constant.
String control: l 1 dng ch hay cn gi l
text control. S dng text Control ny nhp cc ch
hoc chui k t, hoc mt cu vn.
Simulated signal: mt tn hiu c m phng
sn trong LabVIEW c th dng nh mt Indicator
trong mt s trng hp. Ly Simulated signal bng
cch vo: BD> Express> Input> Simulated Signal.
Xc lp cc thng s khi bng thng s hin ra.
Ni u ra ca khi va ly vi mt Graph bng
cch chn Right Click ln u ra, Create> Indicator.

Thng cc control c chia lm 3 dng: Boolean, Numeric v String.

1.4.2. Cc dng Indicator thng dng
Tng t cc Control, ta cng c cc Indicator nh: numeric, string, slide,
vv Gia Control v Indicator c th chuyn i qua li nh vo thao tc Right
Click> Change to Control hoc Change to Indicator.
ly cc Indicator, ta vo th vin theo ng dn: FP> Express >
Numeric Indicator> nh hnh 1.30 v chn Control cn ly. V d ly Numeric
control: Right click trn ca s FP, chn Express, chn Numeric Indicator,
Chn Numeric Indicator v t ra mn hnh. Tng t i vi Slide control
v String control ta lm nh trn.

26

Hnh 1.30: Cch ly Indicator

Bng tm tt cc Indicator nh sau:
Numeric indicator: l Indicator dng s
Meter: Indicator c dng ng h vung
Gauge: Indicator dng ng h vung
Thermometer: Ct nhit
Graduated Bar: Thanh hin th qu trnh
String: l 1 dng ch hay cn gi l text
Control, dng xut cc ch hoc chui k t,
hoc mt cu vn.
Ly
string
indicator
tith
FP>
String
Chart:
l biu
hin
ccModern>
gi tr theo
&
Path>
String Indicator.
trc
thi gian
Graph: l th thng c dng
hin th cc tn hiu dng sng (waveform).
XY Graph: th hin th quan h gia
hai tn hiu X v Y hoc dng trong bi v th
hm s y=f(x) c trnh by trong bi 4.

27

V d v s dng Chart trnh by nh hnh 1.31

Hnh 1.31: Cch ly Indicator

Trong hnh trn, to sng Sine, ta ly Simulated Input theo ng dn:
BD> Express> Input> Simulated Input v t thng s nh mc nh trong hnh
1.32.

Hnh 1.32: Cch ly Indicator

28

Ngoi ra, mt Numeric Indicator c s dng chnh Amplitude

(bin ) ca sng Sine, v mt Graph Indicator hin th sng Sine.
1.4.3. Kiu d liu trong LabVIEW v chuyn i d liu
Kiu d liu l cng c dng gn (p) mt numeric hay indicator vo
mt dy gi tr no . V d, ta mun mt Numeric Control c gi tr (v ch
nm trong gi tr ngay c khi ngi iu khin nhp gi tr khc) l 0-255 th
ta s gn Numeric Control vo kiu d liu Unsigned 8 bit (Vit tt l U8).
Mun i kiu d liu ca mt Control, ta chn Right Click ln Control >
Chn Representation> Chn Kiu cn gn. Hnh 1.13 lit k cc kiu d liu
trong LabVIEW.

Hnh 1.33: Cc kiu d liu trong LabVIEW

Trong LabVIEW c nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau, v d:
K hiu

Kiu d liu

S bit

Byte signed
Word signed
integer

8
16

integer
Long signed integer

32

Quad signed
Byte
unsigned
integer
Word
unsigned
integer
integer
Long unsigned

64
8
16

29

128 ti 127
32,768 ti
2,147,483,648
32,767
ti
2,147,483,647
1e19 ti 1e19
0 ti 255
0 ti 65,535
0 ti

32

integer

Khong gi tr

4,294,967,295

Cch chuyn i kiu d liu: chut phi ln i tng mun chuyn i

chn Represention ri chn kiu d liu mong mun.
1.5. Vng lp While (While Loop), vng lp For (For Loop)
1.5.1. Vng lp While (While Loop)
Vng lp while l vng lp c iu kin nh trong hnh 1.14. ngha ca
vng lp While l cho php chy chng trnh mi ti khi no nt Stop c
nhn th mi dng li. ly While Loop ta vo BD> Express> Execution>
While loop nh trnh by trong hnh 1.34.
While Loop s lp li chng trnh c t trong vng lp ny, ti
khi nt Stop (conditional terminal) nt Stop

ti FP c nhn (Lu rng

nt Stop c dng d liu l Boolean-true hoc false).

Hnh 1.34: Ly While Loop ti BD

Xt v d trong hnh 1.35 nh sau: C hai php tnh cng. Php cng A l
cng Numeric 1v Numeric 2 hin th kt qu ra Indicator 1, php cng B l
php cng Numeric 2 v Numeric 3 hin th kt qu ra Indicator 2. Khc bit
duy nht l php cng A t ngoi vng lp cn php cng B t trong vng
lp. Chy chng trnh (nhn phm tt Ctrl+R), sau thay i gi tr ca
Numeric 1, 2, 3, 4. Ta s quan st thy php cng A s khng c gi tr thay
i ti Indicator 1. Cn Indicator 2 s thay i gi tr khi bn thay i gi tr
nhp vo Numeric 3 v 4. FP v BD ca v d ny c trnh by trong hnh
1.35.

30

Hnh 1.35: Tnh tng vi While Loop

Ngoi ra, trong While Loop cn c chn iteration (i) c k hiu ( ) l b
m s ln lp hin ti (current loop iteration count) (ln thc hin u tin i=0).
Gi tr ln nht ca (i) l 2,147,483,647 (231,), v gi mi mi sau .
Nu cn gi tr ln hn 2,147,483,647, dng shift registers c min gi tr
integer ln hn, hoc s dng mt vng lp For Loop trong trng hp ny.
Ngoi ra, ta cn c th s dng shift-register trong While Loop. Shiftregister l mt thanh ghi hot ng nh mt nh. Ta s dng thanh ghi ny
truy cp lch s gi tr ca mt tn hiu no , v d chng trnh ca
chng ta ang chy thi gian l 10:30am, v ta mun xem li gi tr ca tn
hiu o c t cm bin nhit thi im 10:29am. Ngoi ra, Shift register
cng c th dng thc hin cc php ton cng dn. Ni cch khc l c th
dng shift registers chuyn gi tr ca i tng/tn hiu no vng lp
ny sang vng lp k tip.

31

Hnh 1.36: S dng shift register

1.5.2.Vng lp For (For Loop)
Cng nh While Loop, For Loop l vng lp m s ln lp li c th nh
trc bi ngi lp trnh. Ly For Loop trong th vin hm nh sau: BD>
Express> Execution> For Loop.
V d ta mun chy chng trnh tnh tng A+B trong 100 ln th sau
100 ln lp li php tnh tng th chng trnh s t thot (t dng). Nh trong
hnh ta t s vng lp cn lp li l 100 (t thng qua khi Numeric). Sau
khi chy chng trnh th Numeric 2 (ng vai tr l Indicator ch ra s vng
lp c) s bo s 99. L do l LabVIEW m vng lp u tin c gi tr
(i)=0.

Hnh 1.37: For Loop

32

1.6.Mng
1.6.1.Khi nim v mng v cch to mng
Ngoi cc loi d liu nh bn cc bi trc, LabVIEW cng h tr
cc cu trc d kiu liu mng. Nh trong ngn ng da trn vn bn, Mng l
mt khi c nhiu chiu (n-chiu) ca mt loi d liu no cc phn t trong
mng c nh ch s. V ta c th truy sut cc phn t ny thng qua cc
ch s . Khng ging nh trong cc ngn ng da trn vn bn, mng
LabVIEW c t ng thay i kch c ph hp vi d liu ca n.

Hnh 1.38: Mng 1 chiu dng so, 2 chiu dng boolean, v 3 chiu
dng chui
Cch to mt mng nh sau: Vo FP> Modern >Array, Matrix> Ly
array ra t ti FP

Hnh 1.39: Ly mng t FP

To array dng s bng cch ly Numeric control a vo array.

33

Hnh 1.40: To Numeric array

R chut trn mng cho ti khi c biu tng sau:

, ko di mng

c mt mng 1 chiu c 5 phn t.

Hnh 1.41: Ko di mng

Copy ra mt mng na bng cch nhn gi Ctrl+ v nhn gia chut tri
ln mng trn v ko xung.

Hnh 1.42: Copy nhanh mt mng

Dng php cng ni 2 mng ny li. To Indicator pha bn phi ca
hm cng, ta c mt chng trnh tnh tng 2 mng.

34

Hnh 1.43: Chng trnh hon thin

Nhp gi tr vo hai mng Control. Nhn chy chng trnh. Ta thy
tng ca hai mng chnh l tng ca cc thnh phn tng ng trong mng.
1.6.2.Trch d liu t mt mng
Ta tip tc trch mt phn t t mng kt qu nm thm v khi nim
phn t v ch s trong mng. thc hin VI ny ta hy:

Hnh 1.44: Kt qu php cng 2 mng

-

Vo BD> Programming> Array> Index Array

35

Hnh 1.45: Ly hm Index array

-

Ni Index array vo array kt qu t chng trnh trn.

Nhp gi tr 0 vo Index v to Indicator ti chn element ca hm

Index array.
Ta c mt chng trnh cho php truy xut cc gi tr ca mng. V

d: Mun truy xut gi tr ca phn t c ch s 0 th ta nhp 0 vo Gia tri

index. C th y ta c kt qu l 2. Nu Gi tr index l 1 th ta c kt qu
l 3, vv.

Hnh 1.46: Chng trnh truy xut gi tr thnh phn trong array
Khi s dng array trong For loop. Bn cn lu mt s vn . Cng
nhau xem mt v d trn ni.com trong hnh 1.46 gii thch r hn vn
ny. Chng trnh ny l mt for loop, for loop ny lp li 15 ln php cng cc
thnh phn trong 2 array (array 1 c 10 phn t, array 2 c 20 phn t). Kt
qu tr v ch l mt array c 10 phn t. L do: Khi for loop thc hin ti vng
36

lp th 11 th array 1 s khng c phn t th 11 nn php cng khng th tip

tc thc hin.

Hnh 1.47: Tng 2 array

Cc Array ln hn 1 chiu bn c th d dng to ra bng cch ghp cc
For loop li vi nhau theo hng [5]. Ch rng bn cn chn ch
Auto-indexing trn thnh cc For loop trong cc trng hp ny.

Hnh 1.48: To array 2 chiu

1.7.B
B l kiu d liu hot ng nh hp en c kh nng lu tr cc loi d
liu khc nhau. C th hiu rng: B c coi l mt nhm cc gi tr d liu
c ng gi vi nhau to thnh mt kiu d liu phc tp hn, v thng
c ngha hn.
V d: Hy to mt Output cluster (l mt Indicator) cha cc thng tin
sau: H tn, tui, gii tnh. Thc hin nh sau:
-

FP> Mordern> Array, Matrix, > Cluster

Ko th cluster ra ngoi FP

37

Hnh 1.49: Ko th Cluster ra Front panel

-

a vo Cluster ny 1 Ctring control nhp h tn

a vo thm 1 Numeric control nhp tui

Mt LED ch nh gii tnh (Nam th LED sng, N th LED tt)

Nhp cc dng: H tn: Nguyn B A, Tui: 28, Boolean: Sng.

Ta c Cluster control nh hnh 1.50.

Hnh 1.50: Cluster to ra

By gi, ta hy to mt Cluster indicator nh hnh 1.51.

38

Hnh 1.51 To Cluster indicator

Cho chng trnh chy, ta c kt qu nh hnh 1.52.

Hnh 1.52: Kt qu to ra l Cluster indicator s hin th ng Cluster control

Nh vy ta va bit phng php to mt cluster. By gi ta s to mt
Cluster nh trn bng cch s dng hm Bundle (tng hp) nh sau.
-

Ly cc String control, Numeric control v LED t ti FP.

Ly hm Bundle ti BD> Programming> Cluster> Bundle. Kt ni ln

lt cc control vo Bundle ny v to Cluster indicator nh bi trn.

Hnh 1.53: Phng php to Cluster bng hm Bundle

39

LabVIEW cng cung cp hm Unbundle ta bc tch cc phn t

trong mt b.
-

Ly mt Unbundle ni vo Output cluster. To cc indicator t hm

Unbundle ny. Ta s c kt qu l H tn, Tui v gii tnh ring l. y chnh

l vic bc tch cc phn t trong mt b.
-

Ta c th dng hm Unbundle by name bc tch h tn.

Hnh 1.54 Bc tch cc phn t trong mt b

1.8.Cch to thit b o v thit b o con.
Mt VI c th phc v nh mt giao din ngi dng hoc mt hot ng
bn s dng thng xuyn. Sau khi bn hc lm th no xy dng mt giao
din v mt s khi, bn c th to ra cc VI v cc VI con v cc tu bin
VI m thuc quyn s hu ca bn.
1. Tm kim t cc v d.
Trc khi bn xy dng mt VI mi, bn nn xem xt vic tm kim mt
v d VI m p ng cc yu cu ca bn bng vic la chn Help>>Find
40

Examples m v d tm ra NI Example Finder. Nu bn khng tm thy mt

v d VI thch hp, m mt VI mu t hp thoi New v c tr bng mu vi
cc VI v cc hm chc nng gn sn t bng mu Functions.
2. Vic s dng cc hm chc nng v cc VI gn sn.
LabVIEW bao gm cc VI v cc hm chc nng gn sn tr gip bn
xy dng cc ng dng c trng, chng hn nh cc VI v cc hm chc nng
thu nhn d liu, cc VI m truy nhp cc VI khc, cc VI m giao tip vi cc
ng dng khc... Bn c th s dng cc VI nh cc VI con trong mt ng dng
rt gn thi gian pht trin. Trc khi bn xy dng mt VI mi, xem xt
vic tm kim bng Functions cho cc VI v cc hm thi gian tng t v vic
s dng mt VI tn ti nh im bt u cho mt VI mi.
3. Vic to ra cc VI con
Sau khi bn xy dng mt VI, bn c th s dng n trong mt VI khc.
Mt VI c gi t s khi ca VI khc c gi l VI con. Bn c th s
dng li mt VI con trong cc VI khc. to ra mt VI con, bn cn xy dng
mt bng ni v to ra mt biu tng. Mi VI u c mt icon, n nm gc
trn bn phi ca c 2 ca s Front panel v Block diagram.
hiu r cch to subVI v icon, connector panel ca n th ta lm v d sau.
To giao din Front panel ca VI v trong Block Diagram ta lin kt ging hnh
1.55a v 1.55b bn di:

a) Giao din

b) S khi

Hnh 1.55 V d minh ha

41

 to icon th ta click phi vo biu tng gc phi bn trn ca Front

panel hoc Block diagram. Sau bng Icon Editor xut hin nh hnh di,
trong c cc cng c dng v tng t trong Paint.

Hnh 1.56 Ca s Icon Editor

Gi s ta v biu tng nh sau:

Hnh 1.57: V d minh ha v Icon

By gi ta to cc connector panel. Click phi ln biu tng Icon, chn
Show Connector. Nh hnh 1.58a sau y:

42

Hnh 1.58a: Cc bc v Icon

Sau to Connector

Hnh 1.58b: Cc bc to Icon

Lm tng t cho n Connector cui cng nh hnh 1.58c bn di:

43

Hnh 1.58c: Cc bc to Icon

Sau save li vi tn PTB1.vi v to mt VI mi. C th click phi vo
block digram ca VI sau vo Function pallete

Use a VI Ri tr ti tp

tin PTB1.vi hoc ta c th ko biu tng ca PTB1.vi ang m sang block

diagram ca VI mi.
4. Vic to cc VI con t cc thnh phn ca mt VI.
Chuyn mt thnh phn ca mt VI vo trong mt VI con bng cch s
dng cng c Positioning la chn thnh phn ca s khi bn mun s
dng li v la chn Edit>>Create SubVI . Mt biu tng cho VI con mi
thay th phn c la chn ca s khi. LabVIEW to ra cc iu khin v
cc dng c ch th cho VI con mi, t ng nh dng vung u ni da trn
s lng ca cc thit b iu khin v dng c ch th bn la chn, v ni
dy VI con ti nhng dy hin hu.
Vic to mt VI con t mt thnh phn l tin li nhng cn i hi vic
quy hoch cn thn to ra mt trt t logic ca cc VI. Xem xt nhng i
tng no cha trong thnh phn v trnh s thay i chc nng ca VI tng.
5. Vic thit k cc giao din VI con.
t cc dng c ch th v cc iu khin trn giao din chng xut hin
trong vung u ni. t cc iu khin vo bn tri ca giao din v dng c
44

ch th bn phi. t cc cm error in vo gc tri di ca giao din v cc

cm error out vo gc phi.
6. Lu cc VI
Chn File>>Save lu mt VI. Khi bn lu mt VI, bn cn phi s
dng mt ci tn m t bn c th nhn ra mt cch d dng sau . Bn
cng c th lu cc VI cho mt phin bn trc y ca LabVIEW lm cho
LabVIEW tr nn tin li v tr gip bn gn gi cc VI trong 2 phin bn
ca LabVIEW khi cn thit.
7. Vic t tn cc VI
Khi bn lu cc VI, s dng nhng ci tn m t. Nhng tn miu t,
chng hn nh Temperature Monitor.vi v Serial Write & Read.vi, nhn
ra mt VI d dng v bit c bn s dng n nh th no. Nu bn s dng
nhng ci tn khng r rng, chng hn nh VI#1.vi bn phi tm n, kh khn
nhn ra cc VI, c bit nu bn lu vi VI vi nhau.
Xem xt xem liu nhng ngi dng s chy cc VI ca bn trn nn
khc. Trnh vic s dng cc k t m mt s h iu hnh dnh ring cho
nhng mc ch c bit, nh \ : / ? * < > v #.
Lu : Nu bn c vi VI c tn ging nhau lu vo trong my tnh ca bn,
t chc cn thn cc VI trong nhng th mc khc nhau hoc cc LLB
(LabVIEW file that contains a collection of related VIs for a specific use file
LabVIEW m cha ng mt tp hp cc VI lin quan cho mt s dng c
bit) trnh s tham chiu LabVIEW lch hng VI con khi ang chy VI lp
trn.
8. Vic lu gi mt phin bn trc.
Bn c th lu cc VI cho mt phin bn trc ca LabVIEW tin li
cho vic nng cp LabVIEW v h tr bn gn gi cc VI trong 2 phin bn
ca LabVIEW khi cn thit. Chn File>>Save For Previous Version lu
phin bn trc ca LabVIEW.
Khi bn lu mt VI vo mt phin bn trc, LabVIEW khng chuyn
ng VI nh mi VI trong trt t ca n, loi tr cc file trong th mc
labview\vi.lib.
45

Thng th mt VI s dng chc nng khng sn c trong phin bn trc

ca LabVIEW. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, LabVIEW lu li nh nhiu
VI nh n c th v a ra mt thng bo l khng th chuyn i n c.
Thng bo xut hin ngay lp tc trong hp thoi Warning. Kch nt OK ghi
nhn cc cnh bo v ng hp thoi. Kch nt Save to File lu cc cnh
bo ti mt file vn bn quan st li sau .
9. Tu bin cc VI.
Bn c th nh dng cc VI v cc VI con lm ph hp vi ng dng
ca bn cn. V d, nu bn d nh s dng mt VI nh mt VI con, yu cu
ngi s dng u vo, nh dng VI v vy m giao din ca n xut hin mi
ln bn gi n.
Chn File>>VI Properties nh dng s xut hin v hot ng ca
mt VI. S dng menu ko xung Category ti nh ca hp thoi VI
Properties la chn t vi phm tr tu chn khc nhau.
Hp thoi VI Properties bao gm cc phm tr tu chn sau y:
-

General: s dng trang ny xc nh ng dn hin thi m mt VI

lu, s duyt li ca n, lch s duyt li, v bt k s thay i no lm ra t

khi VI c lu trc .
-

Documention: s dng trang ny thm mt s m t ca VI v lin kt

ti mt ch file tr gip.
-

Security: s dng trang ny kho hoc t mt khu mt VI.

-

Window Appearance: s dng tang ny tu bin s xut hin ca s

ca cc VI, chng hn nh ca s tiu v kiu.

-

Window Size: s dng trang ny thit t kch thc ca ca s.

-

Execution: s dng trang ny nh dng mt VI chy nh th no. V

d, bn c th nh dng mt VI chy ngay lp tc khi n c m hoc tm

dng khi n c gi nh mt VI con.
-

Editor Options: s dng trang ny t kch thc ca li sp thnh

hng cho VI hin thi v thay i kiu ca iu khin v dng c ch th

LabVIEW to ra khi bn kch phi mt thit b u cui v chn
Create>>Control hoc Create>>Indicator t menu tt.
46

CHNG 2:

IU KHIN L NHIT IN TR
2.1.Gii thiu
L in l mt thit b in bin in nng thnh nhit nng dng trong
cc qu trnh cng ngh khc nhau nh nung hoc nu luyn cc vt liu, cc
kim loi v cc hp kim khc nhau v.v...
-

L in c s dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc k thut :

Sn xut thp cht lng cao

Sn xut cc hp kim phe-r

Nhit luyn v ho nhit luyn

Nung cc vt phm trc khi cn, rn dp, ko si

Sn xut c v kim loi bt

Trong cc lnh vc cng nghip khc :

Trong cng nghip nh v thc phm, l in c dng sy, m vt

phm v chun b thc phm

Trong cc lnh vc khc, l in c dng sn xut cc vt phm thu

tinh, gm s, cc loi vt liu chu la v.v...

-

L in khng nhng c mt trong cc ngnh cng nghip m ngy cng

c dng ph bin trong i sng sinh hot hng ngy ca con ngi mt
cch phong ph v a dng : Bp in, ni nu cm in, bnh un nc in,
thit b nung rn, sy in v.v...
2.2.u nhc im ca l in so vi cc l s dng nhin liu
L in so vi cc l s dng nhin liu c nhng u im sau :
-

C kh nng to c nhit cao

m bo tc nung ln v nng sut cao

m bo nung u v chnh xc do d iu chnh ch in v nhit

Kn

47

C kh nng c kh ho v t ng ho qu trnh cht d nguyn liu v

vn chuyn vt phm
m bo iu khin lao ng hp v sinh, iu kin thao tc tt, thit b

gn nh
Nhc im ca l in:
-

Nng lng in t

Yu cu c trnh cao khi s dng

2.3.Nguyn l lm vic ca l in tr
L in tr lm vic da trn c s khi c mt dng in chy qua mt dy
dn hoc vt dn th s to ra mt lng nhit theo nh lut Jun-Lenx :
Q=I2 RT
Trong :
Q - Lng nhit tnh bng Jun (J)
I - Dng in tnh bng Ampe (A)
R - in tr tnh bng m
T - Thi gian tnh bng giy (s)
T cng thc trn ta thy in tr R c th ng vai tr :
-

Vt nung : Trng hp ny gi l nung trc tip

Dy nung : Khi dy nung c nung nng n s truyn nhit cho vt nung

bng bc x, i lu, dn nhit hoc phc hp. Trng hp ny gi l nung gin

tip.
Trng hp th nht t gp v n ch dng nung nhng vt c hnh dng
n gin ( tit din ch nht, vung v trn )
Trng hp th hai thng gp nhiu trong thc t cng nghip. Cho nn
ni n l in tr khng th khng cp n vt liu lm dy nung, b
phn pht nhit ca l.
L in tr s dng ngun in xoay chiu 220V/50Hz, cng sut cc i
ca l l 1200W.
Xt v mt iu khin, l in tr l mt khu qun tnh bc nht c hm
truyn:
48

W(p)

K
Tp 1

Vi cc tham s K, T c xc nh mt cch gn ng theo yu cu cng

ngh.
2.4.Cc phng php iu khin l in tr
C rt nhiu phng php iu khin l in tr, song ph bin hin nay c
hai phng php l iu khin dng Rle v iu khin dng Thyristor hoc
Triac.
2.4.1.iu khin dng Rle
a, S nguyn l
.
.

.
RELAY

Hnh 2.1 . S iu khin bng Rle

b, Nguyn l iu khin
Nguyn tc ca iu khin dng Rle l iu khin hai v tr c tr. i
tng l l in tr t trong mi trng nn lun to nhit ra mi trng xung
quanh. Xt:
Q = Qc - Qt
Tng ng vi
P = Pc - Pt
Khi mun tng nhit ta tng Qc, tc l tng cng sut cp Pc cho l
ln hn Pt sao cho
Q > 0. ( P >0)
Vy iu khin Rle chnh l iu khin cng sut trung bnh ca dng
in cp cho ngun.
49

Mt cch trc quan ta c th quan h gia cng sut v nhit theo

thi gian sau:
Pc

T/2

2T

o o

to

t ( C)

Hnh 2.2 . th quan h gia nhit v cng sut cp

2.4.2.iu khin Thyristor
a, S nguyn l
T1
.
T2
R
.

Hnh 2.3 . S iu khin bng Thyristor

b, Nguyn l iu khin
Khc vi iu khin dng Rle, iu khin dng Thyristor l iu khin
cng sut cp vo. Cng t cng thc:
Q = Qc - Qt
Tng ng vi
P = Pc - Pt
50

Nu nh trong phng php iu khin dng Rle,

P hoc m hoc

dng tu theo vic ta ngt hay ng Rle, th trong phng php ny ta iu

khin cng sut cp Pc sao cho P = 0 khi h thng n nh.
iu khin Pc ta iu khin in p cp vo l. Mun vy ta cn tnh
ton c gc m

ca Thyristor.

Da theo cng thc tnh gi tr trung bnh ca in p cp cho ti R khi ta

iu chnh bng Thyristor nh sau:
U tb

1
2

U tb U 0

Vi U 0

1
2

u (t ) 2 dt
0

(U 0 Sin( t )) 2 dt

(U 0 Sin( t )) 2 dt

Sin
2

U2

Vy c th ni iu khin dng Thyristor chnh l iu khin gc m

ca n.
Pc

Utb

T ta xc nh gc m van thch hp t c gi tr in p trung

bnh cp cho ti. th ca phng php ny nh sau:
G

0
UT1

Hnh 2.4 . Dng in p ra iu khin bng Thyristor

51

2.4.3.Kt lun
Trong hai phng php trn, phng php no cng c nhng u nhc
im ca n. Tu theo yu cu ca bi ton m ta la chn phng php thch
hp.
u tin, ta xt phng php iu khin dng Rle
-

u im:

Cu to phn cng n gin.

Phn mm tnh ton khng c g kh, c th dng cc mch iu khin

analog m khng cn lp trnh.

Gi c phi chng.

Nhc im:

tr ca Rle nh hng ln n cht lng iu khin. Nu ta ng

ngt qu nhanh s dn n tnh trng Rle khng hot ng, nu ng ngt qu

chm th sai lch nhit s ln.

Nhit lun lun khng n nh m lc no cng dao ng trong mt

gii hn t nht nh.

ng c tnh iu khin khng trn. Do vy kh cho vic iu khin

cc i tng c nhit theo mt qui lut nht nh.

Chu nh hng ca nhiu nh: nhit bung t, nhit vt nung,

nhit mi trngs nh hng n nhit lng to Qt.

Phng php iu khin dng Thyristor
-

u im: Cht lng iu khin tt hn phng php iu khin dng

Rle rt nhiu:

Nhit l n nh.

C th iu khin nhit ca i tng theo mt ng cong bt k vi

cht lng tng i tt.

C s cch li v in.

Nhc im:

Phn mm tnh ton phc tp hn phng php kia. Do vy i hi cu

hnh phn cng tng i cao.

52

Gi thnh t hn phng php iu khin dng Rle.

T cc u-nhc im trn ca hai phng php ta thy nu cng vic

yu cu chnh xc cao, cht lng tt th ta p dung phng php hai. Cn

nu cht lng va phi th c th dng phng php mt tic kim chi ph.
2.5.Cc nguyn tc iu khin Thyristor (Triac)
Trong thc t ngi ta thng dng hai nguyn tc iu khin: thng
ng tuyn tnh v thng ng arcos thc hin iu chnh v tr xung trong
na chu k dng ca in p t trn Thyristor cng nh Triac.
2.5.1. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh
Theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta dng hai in p.
-

in p ng b, k hiu Us, ng b vi in p t trn hai u lc ca

Thyristor, Triac thng t vo u o ca khu so snh.

-

in p iu khin, k hiu Ucm (in p 1 chiu c th iu chnh c

bin ) thng t vo u khng o ca khu so snh.

Hiu in th u vo ca khu so snh l:
Ud = Ucm - Us.
Mi khi Us = Ucm th khu so snh lt trng thi, ta nhn c sn
xung ca in p u ra ca khu so snh, sn xung ny thng qua a hi
mt trng thi n nh, to ra 1 xung iu khin.
Nh vy, bng cch lm bin i Ucm, ngi ta c th iu chnh c
thi im xut hin xung ra, tc l iu chnh c gc .
Gia

v Ucm c quan h nh sau:

U cm
ngi ta ly Ucmmax = Usm.
S sm

53

Us
Ucm

US
Ucm

wt
0

Xk
wt

Hnh 2.5. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng tuyn tnh

2.5.2. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos
Theo nguyn tc ny ngi ta dng hai in p.
-

in p ng b US, vt trc UAK = Umsin t ca Thyristor mt gc

/2 bng US = Um. cos t.

in p iu khin Ucm l in p mt chiu, c th iu chnh c bin

theo hai chiu (dng v m).

Nu t US vo cng o v UCM vo cng khng o ca khu so snh
th khi US = Ucm, ta s nhn c xung rt mnh u ra ca so snh khi khu
ny lt trng thi:
Umcos = Ucm.
Do :

= arecos

Khi Ucm = Um th
Khi Ucm = 0 th

= 0.
=

Khi Ucm = -Um th

U cm
Um

Nh vy, khi iu chnh Ucm t tr Ucm = +Um, n tr Ucm = -Um, ta c th

iu chnh c gc

t 0 n .

54

Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng arccos c s dng trong cc thit

b chnh lu i hi cht lng cao.

Us
UAK
Us

UAK

Ucm

wt
p

2p

Xk

wt
0

Hnh 2.6. Nguyn tc iu khin thng ng

2.5.3. S khi mch iu khin.
thc hin tt c vic iu khin Thyristor, triac th mch iu khin
bao gm cc khu c bn sau:

ng
pha

So snh

Khuch
i

Hnh 2.7. S khi mch iu khin

Vi s ny nhim v ca cc khu nh sau:
-

Khu ng pha c nhim v to ra in p ta Urc (thng gp l in p

dng rng ca tuyn tnh) trng pha vi in p anod ca Thyristor.

-

Khu so snh c nhim v so snh gia inp ta vi in p iu khin

Uk, tm thi im hai in p ny bng nhau (Uk = Urc). Ti thi im hai in

p ny bng nhau th pht xung u ra gi sang tng khuch i.

55

Khu to xung c nhim v to ra xung ph hp m Thyristor. Xung

m Tiristor c yu cu: sn trc dc thng ng, bo m yu cu

Thyristor m tc thi khi c xung iu khin (thng gp loi xung ny l xung
kim hoc xung ch nht); rng vi rng xung ln hn thi gian m ca
Thyristor, cng sut, cch ly gia mch mch iu khin vi mch ng lc
(nu in p ng lc qu ln).

56

CHNG 3

IU KHIN L NHIT IN TR GIAO TIP VI MY

TNH BNG LABVIEW
3.1.Phng n thit k
3.1.1.Yu cu thit k
-

M hnh l nhit in tr s dng bng n si t 200W/ 220V.

S dng sensor cm bin nhit bn dn LM35 o nhit .

S dng card USB- 9001 ghp ni gia my tnh v khi cng sut

iu khin l.
-

p dng phn mm LabVIEW vit chng trnh iu khin v to giao

din iu khin trn my tnh.

3.1.2 Phng php iu khin
-

Chn phng n iu khin ki u Rle, nhng thay Rle bng Triac

ng m mm.
-

Mch iu khin Triac c thit k theo s sau:

Hnh 3.1. Mch iu khin l in tr

Mch hot ng theo nguyn l sau: (iu khin theo phng php xung)
Khi nhit bung t cn nh hn nhit t (da vo sensor LM35),
khi Udk = 5V, MOC dn lm Triac m c in p qua Thanh t (in p lc
ny Full 220V).
57

Nu nhit bung t vt qu nhit t, khi Uk = 0V, MOC

ngng dn lm Triac kha khng c in p qua Thanh t, nhit tm thi

gi y (v nhit c qun tnh chm).
3.2: Gii thiu Card USB-9001
3.2.1: Thng s k thut
Thng s chung
Cng kt ni

USB (chun giao tip RS232)

H tr h iu hnh

Windows

Kiu o

6 knh o in p (ADC)
1 b m xung t cc loi encoder (m ln
hoc xung ty theo chiu quay encoder)

iu khin

4 knh xut tn hiu s

2 knh xut tn hiu iu ch xung (PWM)

H DAQ
c tn hiu Analog
S knh

6 SE

Tc ly mu

142S/s

phn gii

8 bits

Trch mu ng thi

Khng

Ngng in p gii hn ln nht 0 ti 5 V

chnh xc

10 mV (Vref=2.56V)

Tn hiu analog t cc loi cm

Nhit , p xut, lu lng vv.

bin
Lnh vc ng dng o in p

iu khin t ng, t, cng nghip

Xut tn hiu PWM

S knh

Tc cp nht

100 S/s

phn gii

8 bits

Ngng in p

0..5 V
58

Tn hiu iu khin dng in

10 mA (dng ngn mch)

Cc chn xut tn hiu s

S knh

Timing

Software

Logic Levels

TTL

Ngng in p ra

0..5 V

Output Current Flow

Sinking, Sourcing

Dng in (Knh/Tng)

10 mA/100 mA

B m xung
S b m

1 (m ln hoc m xung)

phn gii

16 bits

Tn s ngun xung ln nht

250 KHz

rng xung vo nh nht

2 us

Mc logic

TTL

Ngng cc i

0..5 V

ng dng

o tc ng c t Encoder, o xung, vv.

Cho php thc hin nh tm

Yes

Tc ng (Triggering)

Digital

59

3.2.2 Cch s dng

Chn

K Hiu

Gi M t

Gi

tr

tr
Reset

Input

ADC0

Nhn tn hiu dng tng t(analog). Vref s NA

-ADC5

l 5v trn USB hoc 2.55v do set trn my

tnh

Input

PULSE

Input

DIR

m xung cnh ln (0-5v)

Set b m xung PULSE m xung

5v

5V Set b m xung PULSE m ln

output PWM0
PWM1

To xung vi tn s c nh v h s xung 0
thay i t 0-255 ty s t trn my tnh
(xung 0-5v v 2 tng tr 470Ohm)

Output SW0-SW2

Tnh hiu ra dng s(0 hoc 5v. Tng tr 470 0

Ohm) ty set trn my tnh

SW3

Tnh hiu ra dng s (0 hoc 5v), s khng s

khng s dng ADC0

Ngun GND

Mass

Ngun +5v

Ly t USB

5v

S chn:
-

ADC0-ADC5: tr v gi tr chuyn i cc chn ADC tng ng (0-255).

DAC0-DAC1: t gi tr ng ra chn PWM cho chn DAC tng ng (0-

255).
-

SW0-SW3: t gi tr cho 3 ng ra s (TRUE-FALSE).

PULSE: tr v gi tr s xung m t chn PULSE (gi tr t 0-65635).

60

Hnh 3.2. S chc nng Card USB-9001

3.3

M hnh iu khin s dng card USB-9001

3.3.1. Sensor LM35

LM35 l h cm bin nhit, mch tch hp, chnh xc cao c in p u ra
t l tuyn tnh vi nhit Celsius. H ny khng yu cu cn chnh bn ngoi.
LM35 cho ra in p 10mV ng vi thay i nhit l 10C.
Bng 3.1 gii thiu mt s thng s k thut chnh ca h LM35:
M sn phm

Di nhit

chnh xc

u ra

LM35A

-55 C to +150 C

+ 1.0 C

10 mV/F

LM35

-55 C to +150 C

+ 1.5 C

10 mV/F

LM35CA

-40 C to +110 C

+ 1.0 C

10 mV/F

LM35C

-40 C to +110 C

+ 1.5 C

10 mV/F

LM35D

0 C to +100 C

+ 2.0 C

10 mV/F

61

Kiu chn v s ng dng:

3.3.2.Xy dng m hnh iu khin:

M hnh iu khin c xy dng nh hnh 3.3.

Hnh 3.3. iu khin l nhit in tr ghp ni vi my tnh

Trong :
-

My tnh: to giao din v iu khin l nhit bng phn mm LabVIEW

thng qua card USB_9001.

62

Card USB-9001: giao tip vi my tnh qua cng USB. N nhn d liu

nhit t LM35 qua ADC1 (8 bit) chuyn thnh tn hiu s a v my tnh.

Bng chng trnh LabVIEW my tnh s x l, thng qua card USB-9001 to
ra Udk, iu khin Triac (Modul Cng sut iu khin l nhit) ng m ngun
cp cho L nhit.
-

Modul Cng sut iu khin l nhit: trc tip ng m ngun cp in

cho l nhit.
-

LM35: sensor o nhit l nhit

L nhit in tr: m hnh s dng bng n si t 200W/ 220V.

Hnh 3.4. S ghp ni phn cng iu khin l nhit in tr

3.4: Chng trnh iu khin bng ngn ng LabVIEW
Chng trnh LabVIEW trn my tnh to ra giao din ngi dng v iu
khin l nhit in tr.
phn gii knh ADC ca Card USB-9001 l 8 bit, nn gi tr t 0 n
5V ca sensor LM35 s c chia thnh 28 = 256 gi tr (tc t 0 n 255). Do
vy ta c cng thc chuyn gi tr s thnh gi tr in p thc nh sau:

63

5S card
do

255

Nh vy, Vdo ny chnh l gi tr in p Vout ca sensor m ta o c

bng ng h Voltmeter.
Code LabVIEW:

64

CHNG 4:

KT LUN HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

4.1.Cc kt qu thc hin c trong ti
-

Tm hiu v LabVIEW c bn, cc giao thc kt ni, phn mm nhng

vo LabVIEW, v cc b cng c i km.

-

Thit k v thi cng hon thnh giao din ngi dng (The Front Panel)

v s khi (The Block Diagram) trn LabVIEW iu khin v n nh

nhit l nhit.
-

Thit k hon thnh mch iu khin nhit .

Hon thnh bn thuyt minh theo ng thi gian c giao.

4.2.Nhng hn ch
n ca em tuy p ng c yu cu ca ti t ra, tuy nhin
vn cn nhiu hn ch:
-

ng dng ca LabVIEW rt rng ri, bn thn chng em vn cha tm

hiu c nhiu. Giao thc kt ni gia LabVIEW vi thit b cng a dng

ngoi card PCI cng c th dng giao tip qua cng USB, RS232, RS485Tuy
nhin chng em mi tm hiu vi card USB- 9001.
-

i vi m hnh l nhit ca chng em, tn hiu vo l in p, tn hiu ra

l nhit . Nhng trong thc t i tng cn chu nh hng ca rt nhiu yu

t khc nh: nhit mi trng, m, gi, yu t lm mtTuy nhin, bi
ton ng dng ca chng em c hn ch l c mt tn hiu vo v mt tn hiu ra
( h SISO ).
4.3.Hng pht trin ca ti
-

LabVIEW l mt cng c mnh trong o lng v iu khin. ng dng

LabVIEW iu khin c nhiu i tng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau.

Chng ta c th dng LabVIEW kim tra, gim st t ng trong qu trnh
sn xut hay nh gi cht lng sn phm. Chng ta cng c th dng

65

LabVIEW o tn hiu tng t tc cao hay ng dng lin kt vi PLC

hoc cc phn cng cng nghip khc.
-

Pht trin bi ton ng dng theo hng nhiu u vo tc ng. M hnh

tr thnh h MISO ( h nhiu u vo mt u ra ). Khi thut ton iu

khin s thay i.
Em rt mong cc em sinh vin kha sau s tip tc nghin cu, pht trin
ti c hon thin hn v ng dng hiu qu trong thc t.

66

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting vit
1.

Evtatech Vagam:Hc nhanh LabVIEW ting vit

2.

Hieutq: T hc nhanh Labview 8.2 bng hnh nh.

Ting anh
3.

Getting Stared With LabVIEW Author (Apache Software Foundation).

4.

LabVIEW Fundamentals - Author (Apache Software Foundation).

5.

LabVIEW Quick Reference Card National Instruments Corporation.

6.

LabVIEW Advanced I, ca hng National Instrument.

7.

LabVIEW Basics I + Basics II Course Manual ca National Instrument.

8.

PCI 1710/1710 HG Multifunction DAS card for PCI bus users Manual.

9.

LabVIEW Tutorial Manual - National Instruments Corporation.

Internet
10. http://www.ni.com
11. http://www.advantech.com/support
12. http://www.dieukhientudong.htm
13. http://techteach.no/labview/lv85/pid_control/index.htm
14. http://www.dientuvienthong.net

67