Nhng sn phm ln hng u ERP phn khc I: SAP (c), Oracle (M) ( mua

People-Soft v JD Edwards), Microsoft Business Solution (M)

Cc gii php ERP phn khc II nh Baan (M), Epicor, Exact, IFS, Infor, Lawson,
Netsuite, Sage, Syspro, Scala (Thy in)
ERP ch c hai nhm quy m: Va v ln!
c xem l ERP, mt gii php cn phi c ti thiu 5 yu cu sau:
1. Phi c ti thiu 5 phn h (module) qun l cc tc v sau: sn xut (c hoc nh,
k hoch sn xut v theo di sn xut chi tit mc phn xng, theo tng n hng,
hp ng), mua hng (k c nguyn ph liu, vt t v hng ha ni chung), bn hng,
tn kho v ti chnh. Theo quan im mi, c th gom mua hng, bn hng, tn kho vo
mt nhm l hu cn (logistic). Do , c th ni mt gii php ERP phi c ti thiu l 3
nhm chc nng chnh: sn xut (manufacturing), logistic v ti chnh (financial), Gii
php ERP phi c kh nng qun l tng th, kt ni v thng nht lung thng tin t ba
nhm chc nng ny.
2. V cng ngh, mt gii php ERP t ra phi c kh nng vn hnh ng thi trn
nhiu mi trng khc nhau (Vd: Windows, Linux, Mac OS). Kh nng lm vic a
ngi dng ti thiu trong mng LAN vi m hnh client- server. (khng phi l chia s
d liu (share files) )
3. C kh nng tch hp vi cc h thng khc thng qua vic s dng cc tiu chun
chung. C kh nng tch hp cc module c lp t cc nh cung cp khc.
4. C kh nng ty bin (customizable).
5. C kh nng xut d liu (data) v nhn data t mt nh cung cp khc .
ERP khng dnh cho DN nh?

1. BOM-Bills Of Materia
BOM l vit tt ca cm t Bills Of Material. BOM l bng nh mc cc NVL cn
thit sn xut mt sn phm theo tng cng on
1. Linh kin l g?
2. Sn phm l g?
Gi s 01 ci my tnh (gi l sn phm) lp bi: 01 CPU, 01 mn hnh, 01 bn
phm, 01 chut (my th ny gi chung l linh kin)
B1: Bn nhp my th linh kin vi s lng 05 ci

B2: Sau "lp rp" thnh 05 ci my tnh (Coi nh ko tnh cng lp rp

(human), tin in nc, du m (Overhead), cc my mc, cng c dng c
(Machine),... vo y nh, cng ko xem xt cc trng hp sn phm d dang,
multiple-BOM,...)
Hi:
Sau B1, my ci linh kin bn nhp v c bao nhiu, gi vn l bao nhiu? lc
bn c my ci my tnh? Gi vn my tnh l bao nhiu
Sau B2, bn cn bao nhiu my ci CPU, bn phm, mn hnh, chut, v my tnh
bn c my ci, gi vn my ci th no?
Gi s c 1 ci my tnh b hng hoc li thi ko bn c, ban phi tho r n ra
bn l thit b hoc lp vo my khc, khi tnh trng (lng, tr) ca cc thit
b th no? my tnh cn bao nhiu?
Khi nim chng t c th hin y nh th no? (H thng KD l mi
quan h ca tp hp ca cc [chng t, i tng] m thi)
y cn cha tnh trng hp lng cp nhau, cha tnh ti chuyn bo hnh
thit b, bo hnh my tnh, v.v... nhng bn c suy ngh nh th l ra thi.
P/S: Trng hp nhp b ri xut theo linh kin th chnh l nhp hng ha, tho
d thnh lin kin (chng t Tho d --> KHO: Gim hng, tng linh kin) v
xut (xut vo SX khc, xut cho khch l, v.v...)
Vn y l Finish good, semi-product, material,... u l inventory item. Ci
ny bin thnh ci kia th u thng qua ci gi l transaction.
2. Inventory
Qun l tn kho. Theo ngha ca Ting M th y l mt danh t din t s kim
k hay bn kim k, cng c th l bn tm tt , cn c ngha l hng ha tn
kho ca mt ngi bun bn.
Trong ERP th ngi ta dng t ny ch cho phn h Kho l ni giao dch xut
nhp hng ha v lu tr kim sot hng ha. C mt s ERP ngi ta khng
dng l Inventory v d nh SAP dng l MM (Material Management). C mt s
li dng l warehouse
Mt s t u c ngha l Nh kho nhng t dng trong ERP nh : store; shed;
depot; depository; repository; warehouse; storehouse
Inventory - Warehouse Stock
qun l kho xoay quanh vn Item, gi ca cc mt hng, nhp, xut, v tn kho dnh
cho cc hot ng ca kho. V ty doanh nghip trong ngnh g, chng hn nh bc
lm dc phm th chc chn phi qun l theo l, v ngy ht hn (rt quan trng) ngc li, ng lm my tnh, in t chng hn th li cn qun l theo s serial ca
tng Item sau ny cn m bit bo hnh, bo tr cho khch hng, khng dp tim
sm.
Vi cc doanh nghip ngh ti vic trin khai phn mm, th li c 2 module
Purchasing v Sale Order - phn nhp xut hu nh xut pht im t 2 module ny
(ch khng xut pht t module kho) - cho d l bt c nghip v no i chng na.
Ch qun l kho cn c mn: kim kho - mn l l i kim con s thc t v so snh vi
gi tr ca h thng phn mm loi b s khc bit v s m ca phn mm v ca
thc t.
Phn qun l kho, vi kho to i l to, th li c mn: Qun l nh kho Warehouse, m
thng c gi l WMS, ci ny dng bar-code, hoc RFID qun l hng ha trong
kho, v xoay quanh my vn v sp xp trong kho, v tr trong kho, thc hin n
hng cho khch hng.
Qun l kho, ty doanh nghip, nhng c kh nng c mn: K Gi, bao gm doanh
nghip k gi hng ca mnh cho khch hng, v cc nh cung cp ca doanh nghip, li
k gi hng ca h cho doanh nghip. Vic ny, qun l khc khc mt t. bc no cn,
em s ni chi tit sau

Kho, cn qun l gi - gi th cc bc bit ri, mun hnh vn trng, gi bn, gi i tc,

gi hp ng, gi bn l, gi bn i l, gi khu vc, gi ca nh cung cp,...
V quan trng, l: tn kho an ton - chc cc bc cng bit c hng t cc l thuyt v
tn kho an ton, m n gin nht l ABC (chc bc no hc k ton kim ton l c hc
qua em ny) v s dng m bo rng doanh nghip c hng m sn xut cho my
ng thng ca mnh.
Ngoi ra, vo doanh nghip thc th, th mi thy ht mun hnh vn trng ca h:
chng hng nh phi security ci tn ca sn phm (thng l my ng ha cht, dc
phm, ung) v vi ngay c nhn vin ca mnh lun, cc manager VN cha chc
bit l ci gi, nhng t hng cho nh cung cp th h c hiu th. V ch cn l ci
cng thc sn phm ra l doanh nghip toi ri. (Bc no rnh ri, ln google c
v vic cng thc sn phm ca Coca-Cola xem sao, mt thin tnh s lun)
Em ngh khi nim c bn 3 nhm t sau cn phi lm r vi flowchart ca kho:
1- Inventory : Thun tu l chnh sch tn kho nguyn vt liu t s lng, s ngy tn
kho, phn loi ABC, gi bin ng th trng, chnh sch thu mua, chnh sch tn kho ti
nh cung cp ....
2- Warehouse: qun l kho thnh phm, xut cho site phn phi no (level cp 1),
khch hng no (level 2), thi gian no, SKU no, ...
3- stock: qun l nguyn vt liu tn kho khu vc no? iu kin lu tr, phn tng
ca khu vc ra sao ....
Th 1: Khi ni n qun l kho, tri layout bn v chiu bng v chiu ng, ta thy n
ging nh ci siu th metro , bao gm:
Phn l : - Khu vc thnh phm, khu vc cha nguyn vt liu, bao b , ng i, chiu
hng i (rt nghim ngt cho 1 s loi thnh phm hoc nguyn liu trnh nhim
cho vi sinh)
Tu tnh cht bo qun, ta c ch bo qun khc nhau
Xt v bn cht cng vic, Kho ch vic nhp hng t ngoi vo , sp xp vo kho, xut
d hng ho ra ngoi kho theo lnh yu cu (t pha sn xut hoc sale) , vic sp xp
kho theo trt t nh th no d nhn thy, d ly ra v d dng kim tra khi kim k.
Tm thi gc qua cu chuyn sp xp kho qua mt bn
Cho nn, 2 ca bc rt chnh xc, em hon ton ng .
Th 2 Qun l kho khng n thun ch qun l hng ho
Anh ang qun l b phn kho ca anh , ng tng lm xong tt bn phn ca mnh
xut xut nhp nhp l xong nhen, m ngoi nghip v nhp xut kho, module kho ny
lin kt vi t nht 3 -4 module khc v nghip v ca mnh: mua hng- xut nhp kho,
sn xut - xut & hon kho, bn hng: xut hng v nhp hng tr v ca khch. Tt c
thng tin s c k ton ghi nhn v hch ton c th cho tng trng hp.
- i tng phc v ca kho l ai?
- Hch ton nh th no trong bng cn i k ton
- Manager cc phng ban khc v CEO s dng cc thng tin hiu qu nh th no?
Tm li: N chnh l l do em phn bit rt r rng 3 cm t: inventory, warehouse v
stock ==> mc ch ca vic phn bit ny ch ni v mt qun l ca cc manager
thoai.
Vy ng CFO ng gia nc nh, v mt k ton qun tr, ng mun bit:
- Chi ph sn xut so vi nh mc chnh lch bao nhiu %? : Mi cu chuyn bt
u t sale forecast: Vi tc tng trng 20-30% / nm, bn hng theo ma , danh
mc bn hng theo tng vng th no? gia cc vng c chnh lch ln qu khng ==>
mc ch l bit xu hng tiu dng b phn ==> b phn sn xut a ra bng
MPS sn xut: t sn xut, gia cng ngoi, thu nhn cng thi v , tng ca ... ==>
da trn y ng s tnh c c lng chi ph sn xut cho tng n v sn phm

- Cn mua my mc thm na khng? nu my mc hot ng qu ti, sn lng

hng bn ra o o ==> bc tnh hnh sn xut nh vy hay phi mua thm my na?
Mua my loi no? cng sut bao nhiu? tiu tn in nc bao nhiu? hiu qu kinh t
ra sao nu u t thm 1 my, 2 my hay 5 my?
Bi ton warehouse
- Sc cha ca kho thnh phm: vi s lng bn hng nh vy, s lng sn xut
hng ngy nh vy, thm ch c vi thng sn xut tn kho y ==> kho cn mt
bng cha khng? nu khng th sao? thu kho ngoi vi tng chi ph bao nhiu? nu
mua thm t ct thm kho th chi ph bao nhiu?
- Danh mc bn hng v chi ph vn chuyn: Tng ng tng vng, bc c danh mc
sn phm khc nhau, ngha l vng ny t l A/B l 2: 1, vng khc A/B l 0.5: 1==>
y cng l xu hng tiu dng khc nhau ==> ng vi mi vng, bc c tng kho
cha. Vy t kho sn xut ch ra n tng kho mi vng u tn chi ph ==> ngn sch
ny ngn bao nhiu % tng doanh thu bn hng vng ==> mc cn kim sot
loi chi ph ny khng? ==> nu t l ny cao th lm th no kim sot phn ngn
sch ny?
- Tng ng vi tng vng, c danh mc khch hng, tng ng tng khch hng , ta
c danh mc mua bn hng thng xuyn ca h ==> lm sao nhn vin sale bit phc
v ng thi im, ng chng loi, s lng.
hng ang bn chy, khch hng t hng cho anh trc 1 tun, thm ch tr tin
mua hng cho anh ri, anh confirm vi ngta l anh s giao hng sau 3 ngy nhn order.
Nhng n ngy giao hng, anh khng c l do g thoi thc , bin minh khng th
giao hng c. Mt ln tht tn, vn ln tht tin.
L do em cp warehouse y vi ngha l phc v cho i tng khch hng no?
khch hng thuc chui phn phi cp my? thi quen mua hng ca ngta th no?
vi tc bn hng gn y th khi no ngta ht hng? kh nng khch t hng khi
no? khi no mnh chun b giao hng cho khch.
Bi ton inventory
- K hoch mua hng v ngn sch mua NVL:
Vi bng MPS , ta s c bng MRP v k hoch mua nguyn vt liu => danh mc
level A (80% tng gi tr mua, dng ph thng, nhiu nh cung cp) gm nhng ngun
NVL no ? gi bin ng th trng trong nm qua th no? nu trong nm nay thay i
10%, 15% do t gi USD thay i ==> nhy ca li nhun b nh hng nh th
no? bao nhiu % . Lc ny 2 bi ton t ra:
Bi ton 1: B phn mua hng c kh nng m phn vi NCC chin lc vi mc gi t
bin ng theo thi gian khng? c thm ngun cung cp no khc na khng?
Bi ton 2: b phn k ton ngn sch lp k hoch tm ngun tin tr tin mua NVL
t u? t ngun thu hot ng bn hng, vay di hn hay ngn hn, li sut phi tr
bao nhiu?
bi ton stock
- Sc cha kho nguyn liu: Cho d khng ci g trong kho, bc vn phi tr 1
khon tin tr cho khu hao nh xng, chi ph lng nhn vin, in chiu sng,
in ca cc thit b vn chuyn, xng du ca xe nng, xe kp, xe xc ... ==> vy
tng ng vi s lng hng ho nhp v ==> vi mt bng hin gi, liu cn kh nng
p ng c khng?
Tm ci vy li :
i vi cc bc inventory, stock v warehouse ch c g khc bit, v n cng ch ni n
location. Vy th ly thng tin output ca n ==> cc bc s nhn c g?
Phn bit gia: Con ngi/my mc (Resources) - Vai tr - Nhim v - H thng
V chnh l cch vit quy trnh trong mi vn : phn bit th no l vai tr (actors),
th no l nhim v (roles), v software system ch l 1 actor c bit khi ta phn tch
m thi
Stock l nh lng tn kho (tn bao nhiu, v gi tr ca n l bao nhiu)

Location: c 2 loi l location vt l, v location v mt logic thi - vt l l nh bn ni,

cn trong ERP c rt nhiu location logic c to ra - khi trin khai cho bn em, c 1 s
cc mt hng phi tnh tn kho theo nhp trc xut trc (a phn l bnh qun thi
im) em thy bc Yukos m 1 location na, v nh ngha n l FIFO, th l cc Item
nm trong ci location ny l FIFO - , n l logic , n khng tn ti hin hu, m n
ch h tr cho mnh tnh ton, hoc qun l cho n gin hn
Cn i vi kho spare part (Storeroom) th ngi ta dng t Storage location. y chnh
l ta ca ph tng trong kho, gip th kho hoc mt ngi no da vo c th
ly ng spare part ng m khng mt nhiu thi gian.
Ci l trong nh ngha ca thnh phm hoc l BOM, hoc l FORMULA th c
nhiu cch nh ngha, tc l c nhiu version ca sn phm - ti nh dc phm vy,
khng c mn ny, th thay bng mn khc thi
Qun l phin bn: Cn v tr trong kho, th c th made ci v tr n nm k no, balt no thi - nhng dnh ti em ny, m dng g th c m cht, m nhn khng ra
lun, cho nn mi c ci gi l WMS (Warehouse Management System), cng m vch,
hoc sng in t nh v tr trong kho mt cch t ng.
mua i mi thi bc i, em mua t nht 10 i lun nh m vn cha hiu nh, nhiu
chc khon l 99 i thi, v mi ln i mua, bc nn mua 6 i
Em c 3 ci nh v u vo internet c (v ln v 2 v b nh) vo ERPS tm hiu
m mang kin thc, nn 4 i v ln, 3 i v b 1, v 3 i na v b 2.
Th th bc t ci v d , s suy ra ngay thi - Item CODE l: ABCXYZ cho i dp t
, bc suy ra l bit tt c cc yu cu bc hi!!!!
3. General Ledger
General Ledger : K ton tng hp. Mt s ERP khc th ch t l General thi,
Cm t ny c vit tt l GL rt c dng trong cc gii php ERP. Cc gii
php ERP Vit Nam by gi cng dng khi nim ny m t v K ton tng
hp.
4. History of Pricing Changes "Bin ng gi"
5. Routing
Routing trong ERP c ngha l Quy trnh sn xut m t cc cng on m
sn phm s i qua v nhp kho sn phm khi hon thnh . Trong nh
ngha rng hn ca Routing l nh tuyn qu trnh la chn mt ng i
truyn t cc giao dch trong t bc i u tin cho n cui cng v thng
qua cc bc trung gian.
Trong thc t mt routing trong ERP l nh ngha quy trnh sn xut mt sn
phm no v d : lm ra mt si cp cn phi qua nhng cng on sau.
Xon i--> Ghp nhm--> Bc v . Th y c gi l mt routing. Routing
trong ERP thng th ti mi cng on cc chi ph sn xut s c a vo.
6. ABSORPTION COSTING:
- Gi thnh tng hp chi ph
- S nh chi ph sn phm hoc hot ng sn xut

7. VARIABLE COSTING:
- Gi thnh theo bin ph

8. Sn xut ri rc(Discrete) v lin tc (Process)

Trong Oracle chnh l khi nim OPM v ODM
9. Organization:
trong thut ng ERP i din cc thc th trong cng ty, bao gm cc nh my,
nh xng, trung tm phn phi, vn phng chi nhnh ...
10.MRP
l mt cng ngh s dng d liu v BOM, thng tin kho v lch sn xut tnh
ton ra nhu cu nguyn vt liu
-

Da trn s lng hng cn sn xut trong mt giai on

Th nht xc nh s lng v tt c cc nguyn vt liu thnh phn sn
xut mt loi hng .
Th hai l xc nh cc yu t v thi gian. Thi im cn cc nguyn vt liu
v cc thnh phn trong cc cng on ca qu trnh sn xut.
MRP da trn cu trc BOM, xem xt s lng nguyn liu tn kho (thc t,
s lng ang trn ng v) v xc nh s lng tht s cn mua thm
trong thi gian giao hng (m nh cung cp ha hn) nhm p ng mt cch
ti u cho sn xut.

11.MRPII:
c nh ngha l: Mt phng php hoch nh hiu qu cc ngun ti nguyn
ca doanh nghip. N nhm n vic hoch nh cho tng n v b phn, hoch
nh ti chnh v c kh nng d tr cho cc tnh hung xy ra trong qu trnh
sn xut. MRPII l kt qu trc tip v m rng t cc vng lp MRP

N c hnh thnh t nhiu chc nng ring bit lin kt li vi nhau:

- Hoach nh kinh doanh
- Hoch nh bn hng v dao dch
- Hoch nh sn xut
- Hoch nh yu cu nguyn vt liu
u ra ca h thng c tch hp vi nhng bo co ti chnh nh l:
- K hoch kinh doanh.
- Bo co cc n t hng.
- Chi ph vn chuyn.
- Gi tr tn kho.
-...
12.ERP:
ERP l ch vit tt ca Enterprise Resource Planning. l mt h
thng phn mm gip cho cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh hot
ng mt cch hiu qu v ton din.

13. MRP: Material Requirements Planning - Hoch nh nhu cu nguyn vt liu.

14. MRPII: Manufacturing Resource Planning - Hoch nh ngun lc sn xut.
15. ERP: Enterpise Resource Planning - Hoch nh ngun lc doanh nghip.
16. ERM: Enterpise Resource Management - Qun tr ngun lc doanh nghip.
17. MDS Master Demand Schedule: K hoch nhu cu tng th
18. MPS - Master Production Schedule: K hoch sn xut tng th
19. MRP - Material Requirement Planning: K hoch yu cu nguyn ph liu
20. RCCP Rough Cut Capacity Planning: K hoch nng lc tm tnh
21. CRP Capacity Requirement Planning: K hoch yu cu (iu phi) nng lc
22. S&OP Sales and Operations Planning: K hoch lin kt bn hng v hot
ng
23. ASCP Advanced Supply Chain Planning: K hoch chui cung ng - khai
thc d liu v x l kt qu cho nhiu k hoch khc nhau cng lc
24. Sales Forecast: d bo bn hng
25. Demand Management: qun l nhu cu
26.DRP - Distribution Requirements Planning: Lp k hoch phn phi
27.BOM - Bill of Material: Cng thc sn phm
28.Product Routings: Qun l lung sn xut
29.Work Order: Qun l lnh sn xut
30.WIP - Work In Process: bn thnh phm (tnh vt l) hoc cng vic ang x
l (khi qut)

WIP l vit tt ca Work In Process dch ra l bn thnh phm hoc cng vic
ang x l.
Mun tnh WIP ti mt thi im th ly input - output. Nhng cng vic ang
nm trong hng i cng l WIP.
Gi thnh cc bn thnh phm hay sn phm (chi ph vn hnh, qun l iu
hnh, chi ph khc).
Tnh WIP ch cn tnh ra s bn thnh phm trn mi chuyn ri nhn cc chi
ph tng ng vo th s c chi ph bn thnh phm, hay chi ph tn kho.
(Inventory)
1. Thnh phm ( hon tt 100%) nhng vn cn nm trong chuyn (ang
trng thi ch) c c xem l wip
2. Nh vy nu ta xt cho h thng l c nh my th nguyn vt liu cng nh
thnh phm ang tn trong kho c c xem l wip
Mnh nn hiu nh th ny: nhng g mnh b tin cng sc ra c n nhng
cha chuyn i n thnh tin thu li th vn l WIP.
Nu xt c nh my l mt h thng th nguyn vt liu, cng nh thnh phm
cha trong kho th vn l WIP. Cc chi ph lu kho, vn chuyn (ang nm trn
xe giao n khch hng), phn loi u c tch ly vo gi thnh ca sn phm
khi bn.
on ting Anh m t WIP ca hoaivu post trn l nh ngha ring ca h
thng phn mm no thi. Mc ch h tch Raw material vi WIP phn
bit r rng cc chi ph trong h thng sn xut thi, bn bo co ti chnh d
hiu, r rng, hn na raw material th c tnh thanh khon cao hn wip.
Inventory is moved from raw materials to work in process, v bn cht raw
material hay wip cng l inventory nhng hai trng thi khc nhau.
trng thi raw material mi hot ng nh lu tr, phn loi, vn chuyn trong
kho u lm pht sinh chi ph nhng khng lm tng gi tr, cn wip l trng thi
m chi ph ta b ra gp phn lm tng gi tr. Wip trong mi qui trnh sn xut
(the manufacturing processes) th c gi tr v chi ph khc nhau. Cng tt c cc
chi ph lin quan n raw material v wip th ta c chi ph inventory.
31.ERM
l vit tt ca cm t Enterprise Resource Management - tc Qun tr ngun lc
doanh nghip; cn nhn mnh t kho quan trng trong l Resource - Ngun
lc v Management - Qun tr.
Khi nim Management - Qun tr khng phi n thun l phn mm. Phn
mm ch l mt cng c h tr cho vic qun tr, ch n khng th th ch cho
qun tr c! ERM c th c hiu nh mt cng c v k thut dng qun
l ngun lc ca doanh nghip. ERP cng ch l mt trong nhiu ngun lc m
thi.

ERP + nghip v sn xut kinh doanh = ERM

Phng trnh m t ERM nh sau:

ERM = s tch hp + cc phn h phn mm chc nng + nghip v sn
xut kinh doanh
Trong cng thc ny:
-

Phn nghip v sn xut kinh doanh (trong cng thc trn) ca h

thng ERP cung cp mt kin thc tng quan v quy trnh nghip v. Vi
nghip v chnh nh: tnh lng, qun l nhn s, k ton phi thu, k ton
phi tr, s ci, qun l vic mua hng, qun l cc n t hng, hoch nh
yu cu vt t, qun l sn xut, d bo v mt s nghip v him thy
mang tnh c bit ca mi doanh nghip.
Phn tch hp (trong cng thc trn) ca h thng ERP cung cp kh nng
kt ni cc lung nghip v li vi nhau. S tch hp c th c hiu nh l
s thng nht, tp trung d liu v chia s thng tin. Cng ngh thng tin
ng vai tr quan trng trong vic tch hp v giao tip ny thng qua vic s
dng cc k thut nh: m ngun chng trnh, mng cc b _ LAN, mng
din rng _ WAN, internet, email, cc chun giao thc v c s d liu.
ERP s dng nghip v v s tch hp ng b, lin kt cc qui trnh
nghip v. Qui trnh tch hp v ng b cc nghip v ca mt cng ty c
hiu nh l ERM.

1.2.2.4 Cu trc ca ERP

Vi mi ngnh ngh kinh doanh, mi DN th kin trc module hay chc nng ca
h thng ERP c th rt khc nhau. Mt ERP tiu chun s gm cc thnh phn
sau y:
1. K ton ti chnh
- S ci
- S ph tin mt, s ph ngn hng
- CSDL khch hng
- n t hng v cc khon phi thu
- Mua hng v cc khon phi tr
- Lng
- Nhn s
- Ti sn c nh
2. Hu cn
- Qun l kho v tn kho
- Qun l giao nhn
- Qun l nh cung cp
3. Sn xut
- Lp k hoch sn xut (MPS - Master Production Schedule)
- Lp k hoch nguyn vt liu (MRP - Material Requirements Planning)
- Lp k hoch phn phi (DRP - Distribution Requirements Planning)
- Lp k hoch iu phi nng lc (CRP - Capability Requirements Planning)
- Cng thc sn phm (BOM - Bill of Material)
- Qun l lung sn xut (Product Routings)
- Qun l m vch (Bar Coding)
- Qun l lnh sn xut (Work Order)
4. Qun l d n
5. Dch v

- Qun l dch v khch hng

- Qun l bo hnh bo tr
6. D on v lp k hoch
7. Cng c lp bo co
Nh vy, ERP nhn chung l mt tp hp cc phn h chc nng dnh cho cc
phng ban chc nng trong mt doanh nghip nh k ton, bn hng, vt t, sn
xut. . .

Due date: Trong k ton mnh c th hiu "due date" l ngy n hn ca mt khon
thanh ton no .

Document date: l ngy ghi trn chng t

Posting date: l ngy hch ton. Nu supplier xut ho n ngy 30/6 m bn nhn
c ho n ny sau khi kho s th phi post vo system trong thng 7, vy th
ngy bn post chnh l ngy hch ton

ETA (estimate Time Arrival): ngy nhn hng d kin

ETD (Estimate Time Delivery): ngy giao hng d kin

Payment term: (k hn) thi hn thanh ton

Method of payment: phng thc thanh ton (cash, by bank)

Up to date: n ngy hin ti

Month to date: t u thng n hin ti

Year to date: t u nm n hin ti

One-off vendor: nh cung cp s dng mt ln

Slow Moving: t s dng, long time no-use

CIF Cost & Insuarance & Freight: tin hng bao gm bo him v cc ph vn
chuyn