Qua Trinh Qua Do 2012 MK

Nguyn
g y Cng
g Phng
g
Qu trnh qu
C s l thuyt mch in
Ni dung
Thng s mch
Phn t mch
Mch mt chiu
Mch xoay chiu
Mng hai ca
Mch ba pha
Q trnh qu
Qu
q
Qu trnh qu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php tch phn kinh in
Qu trnh qu trong mch RLC
Phng php ton t
Phng php hm qu v hm trng lng
Gii quyt
t mt
t s vn
ca
QTQ b
bng my
tnh
t h
Gii thiu (1)

Tt c cc mch in t trc n gi u trng
thi/ch xc lp
Ch xc lp:
p mi
thngg s trong
g mch
in
((dng
g
in, in p, cng sut, nng lng) u l hng s
(mch mt chiu) hoc bin thin chu k (mch xoay
chiu)
Qu (T in ting Vit): chuyn t ch ny sang

ch khc
Qu trnh qu (k thut in): qu trnh mch in
chuyn
h t ch
h xc
lp
l ny
sang ch
h xc
lp
l khc
kh
Gii thiu (2)

chuyn t ch xc lp ny sang ch xc lp khc
i (A)
Qu trnh qu
2
t
0
Gii thiu (3)

chuyn t ch xc lp ny sang ch xc lp khc
u (V)
Qu trnh qu
Q
q
12
t
Qu trnh qu 0 - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
Gii thiu (4)

i (A)
2
wL(1) = 0
wL(2) 0
t = 0 ?
0
dw w wL(2) wL(1)
p
p ((v l)
) t 0
dt
t
t
Nu t 0
(tn ti qu trnh qu )
Gii thiu (5)

i (A)
2
i 0 ?
0
di
i
uL L
dt
t
Nu t 0 & i 0
i
t
u (v l) i = 0
(dng in trong L phi lin tc)
Gii thiu (6)

u (V)
12
uC 0 ?
0
duC
uC
C
iC
dt
t
Nu t 0 & uC 0
uC
i (v l) uC = 0
(in p trn C phi lin tc)
Gii thiu (7)

Qu trnh qu xy ra khi c thay i t ngt v cu
trc ca cc mch in qun tnh
Q
Qun tnh: c cc pphn t L hoc/v
10
Gii thiu (8)

Mt s gi thit n gin ho
Cc phn t l tng
ng tc ng m l tng
Thay K bng R
R ch nhn
cc gi
g tr 0 ((khi K ng)
g) & ((khi K m))
Thi gian ng m bng 0
Lut
Kirchhoff lun ngg
11
x(t)
S kin 2
Qu trnh qu
S kin
1
t
0
S kin 3
12
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
Gii quyt
t mt
t s vn
ca
QTQ b
bng my
tnh
t h
13
S kin (1)
Gi tr ((& o
hm cc cp)
p) ngay
g y sau thi im ng
g m
ca dng in trong cun cm & in p trn t in
iL(0), uC(0), iL(0), uC(0), iL(0), uC(0),
c dng tnh cc hng s tch phn ca nghim ca
qu trnh qu
Vic
Vi t
tnhh s ki
kin dda vo:
Thng s mch ngay trc thi im ng m (ch c):

iL((0),
), uC((0))
Hai lut Kirchhoff
Hai lut ng m
Hai
H i lut
l ng
m
tng
qut
14
S kin (2)
f(0)
f(+0)
t
0
+0
15
S kin (3)
Hm bc nhy n v 1(t)
1(t )
0 t0
1 t0
-0 +0
0 t
1(t )
1 t
-0 +0
t
16
S kin (4)
[1(t )]
)]' t 0 ?
Tnh kh vi ca hm 1(t)
[1(t )]
)]' t 0 (t ) ((hm Dirac))
17
S kin (5)
Hm Dirac (t)
(t )
0 t 0 & t 0
d
(t ) 1(t )
0 t 0
dt
(t ) 1
( 2)
0 +0
(t )
d2
2 [1(t )] '
dt
d
(t ) 1(t )
dt
0 +0
t
18
S kin (6)
Lut/quy tc ng m 1: dng in trong mt cun cm
ngay sau khi ng m iL(+0) bng dng in trong cun
cm ngay trc khi ng m iL(0)
iL(+0) = iL(0)
Lut/quy tc ng m 2: in p trn mt t in ngay
sau khi ng m uC(+0) bng in p trn t in
ngay trc khi ng m uC(0)
uC(+0) = uC(0)
19
VD1
S kin (7)
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

Tnh s kin iL(0) & iL(0) ca cun cm.
iL(0) = 0 A
iL((+0)) = iL((0))
iL(0) = iL(+0) = 0 A
6i + 2i = 12 6i(0)
( ) + 2i(0)
( ) = 12
i(0) = iL(0) = 0 A
6.0 + 2i(0) = 12
i(0) = 12/2 = 6 A/s
A/
20
S kin (8)
VD2
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

Tnh s kin iL(0) & iL(0) ca cun cm.
iL(0) = 12/3 = 4 A
iL((+0)) = iL((0))
iL(0) = iL(+0) = 4 A
6i + 2i = 12 6i(0)
( ) + 2i(0)
( ) = 12
i(0) = iL(0) = 4 A
6.4 + 2i(0) = 12
i(0) = (12 24)/2 = 6 A/s

21
S kin (9)
VD3
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

Tnh s kin uC(0) & uC(0) ca t in.
uC(0) = 0 V
uC(+0) = uC(0)
6i + uC = 12
i = 106uC
uC(0) = uC(+0) = 0 V
6.106 uC + uC = 12
6.106 uuC(0) + uC(0) = 12
uC(0) = 0 V
6.106uC(0) + 0 = 12
uC(0) = 12/6.10 6 = 2.106 V/s

22
S kin (10)
VD4
Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

Tnh s kin uC(0) & uC(0) ca t in.
uC(0) = 12 V
uC(+0) = uC(0)
uC(0) = uC(+0) = 12 V
6i6 + uC = 12
i6 = i3 + iC
i3 = uC/3
iC = 106uC
6(uC/3 + 106uC) + uC = 12
i6 = uC/3 + 106uC 3u + 6.106u = 12
C
C
3uC(0) + 66.10
106uC(0)
(0) = 12
uC(0) = 12 V
uC(0) = 4.106 V/s
23
VD5
S kin (11)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3
= 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tnh cc s kin iL(0),
uC(0), iiL(0), uuC(0).
E1
120
3A
iL (0)
R1 R3 10 30
iL (0) iL (0) 3A
uC (0) uR1 R1iL (0) 10.3 30 V

uC (0) uC (0) 30 V
24
VD5
S kin (12)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3
= 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iiL(0), uuC(0).
i1 i2 i3 0
'
Li1 R1i1 R2i2 uC E2
u R i R i E E
2 2
3 3
1
2
C
i2 CuC'
i1 CuC' i3 0
'
Li1 R1i1 R2CuC' uC E2
'
u
R
Cu
C R3i3 E1 E2
2
C
25
VD5
S kin (13)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3
= 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iiL(0), uuC(0).
i1 CuC' i3 0
'
'
Li
R
i
R
Cu
1
11
2
C uC E2
'
u
R
Cu
2
C R3i3 E1 E2
C
i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

'
Li1 (0) R1i1 (0) R2CuC' (0) uC (0) E2
'
u
(0)
R
Cu
2
C (0) R3i3 (0) E1 E2
C
26
VD5
S kin (14)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3
= 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iiL(0), uuC(0).
i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

'
'
Li
(0)
R
i
(0)
R
Cu
1
C (0) uC (0) E2
11
2
'
(0)
(
)
( ) R3i3 (0)
( ) E1 E2
u
R
Cu
2
C (0)
C
i1 (0) iL (0) 3A
uC (0) 30 V
27
VD5
S kin (15)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3
= 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
uC(0), iiL(0), uuC(0).
3 103 uC' (0) i3 (0) 0

'
3 '
1.
i
(0)
10.3
20.10
uC (0) 30 40
1
3 '
30
20.10
uC (0) 30i3 (0) 120 40
i1' (0) 24 A/s

'
uC (0) 800 V/s
i (0) 2, 2 A
3
28
VD5
S kin (16)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3
= 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
(0) ?
uC(0), iiL(0), uuC(0). Tnh iL(0)
i1 CuC' i3 0
i1' CuC' ' i3' 0
'
''
'
'
''
'
'
Li
R
i
R
Cu
Li
R
i
R
Cu
E
1
1
11
2
2
C
C
11
2
C
C
2 0
'
'
''
'
u
R
Cu
R
i
E
E
u
R
Cu
R
i
2
C
3 3
1
2
2
C
3 3 ( E1 E2 ) ' 0
C
C
i1'' (0)
i1' (0) CuC' ' (0) i3' (0) 0
''
''
'
''
'
Li1 ((0)) R1i1 (0)
( ) R2CuC ((0)) uC ((0)) 0 uC (0)
'
'
''
'
i3 (0)
u
(0)
R
Cu
(0)
R
i
(0)
0
C
C
2
3
3
29
S kin (17)
iL1 (0)
E
R1
iL 2 (0) 0
iL1 (0) iL 2 (0)
iL1 (0) iL1 (0)

iL 2 ((0)) iL 2 (0))
(vi phm quy tc 1)
uC1 (0) E
uC 2 (0) 0
uC1 (0) uC 2 (0)
uC 2 (0) uC 2 (0)
((vi pphm
quy
q y tc 2))
30
S kin (18)
Lut/quy
q y tc ng
g m tng
g qqut 1: tngg t thngg trong
g mt
vngg
kn ngay sau khi ng m (+0) bng tng t thng trong vng
g y trc khi ngg m (0)
( )
kn ngay
(+0) = (0)
Lut/quy tc ng m tng qut 2: tng in tch mt nh ngay
sau khi ngg m q(
q(+0)) bngg tng
g in tch nh ngay
g y trc
khi ng m q(0)
q(+0) = q(
q(0)
0)
31
S kin (19)
VD6
E = 120 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L1 = 1 H; L2 = 2 H.
T i thi
Ti
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K m
ra. T
Tnhh s ki
kin iL2(0).
(0)
L1 (0) L1i1 (0)
L 2 (0) L2i2 (0)

L1 (0) L1i (0)
L 2 (0) L2i (0)
(0) L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)
(0) L1i (0) L2i (0) ( L1 L2 )i (0)
(0) (0)
L1i1 (0)) L2i2 (0))

L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0) ( L1 L2 )i (0) i (0)
L1 L2
32
VD6
S kin (20)
E = 120 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L1 = 1 H; L2 = 2 H.
T i thi
Ti
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K m
ra. T
Tnhh s ki
kin iL2(0).
(0)
L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

i (0)
L1 L2
E 120
i1 (0)
12 A
R1 10
i2 (0) 0
11.12
12 22.0
0
i (0)
4A
1 2
iL 2 (0) 4 A
33
S kin (21)
VD7
E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

i t = 0 kho
im
kh K
ng vo.
Tnh
T h s ki
kin uC2(0).
(0)
qC1 (0) C1uC1 (0)
qC 2 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

qC1 (0) C1uC1 (0)
qC 2 (0) C2uC 2 (0)
q (0) C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

q (0) C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)
(C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)
q(+0) = q(0)
C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0) (C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)
34
S kin (22)
VD7
E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

i t = 0 kho
im
kh K
ng vo.
Tnh
T h s ki
kin uC2(0).
(0)
C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0) (C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)

C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)
uC 2 (0)
C1 C2
uC1 (0) E 120 V
uC 2 (0) 0
103.120 0
uC 2 (0) 3
40 V
3
10 2.10
2 10
35
S kin (23)
Khi no dng 2 lut ng m & khi no dng 2 lut
ng m tng qut?
Nu dngg in
trong
g cun
cm v/hoc
in
p
p trn t
in bin thin lin tc 2 lut ng m
trong
g cun
cm v/hoc
in
p
p trn t
Nu dngg in
in bin thin t ngt 2 lut ng m tng qut
36
S kin (24)
tnh s kin
bc
0 [[iL((0)) & uC((0)]:
)]
1. Tnh thng s ch c: iL(0) & uC(0)
2. p dng 2 lut ng m hoc 2 lut ng m tng qut
tnh s kin bc 1 [iL(0) & uC(0)]

3. Lp (h) phng trnh () (theo KD & KA) m t mch in
sau khi ng m
4. Gii ()
tnh s kin bc 2 [iL((0)) & uC((0)]

)
5. Ly o hm 2 v ca (), c ()
6. Gii ()

37
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
Gii quyt
t mt
t s vn
ca
QTQ b
bng my
tnh
t h
38
Tch phn kinh in

(1)
=
Nghim ca qu
trnh qu :
x(t) = xxl(t) + xtd(t)
Nghim ca (h)
phng trnh vi phn
m t mch:
f(x, x, x, ) = e
+
Nghim xc lp:
xxl(t)
- Vt l: do ngun
duy tr
- Ton hc: l nghim ring ca
PTVP khng thun nht (c v
phi)
- Tun theo quy lut bin thin
ca ngun
- bit cch tnh (mt chiu,
i ho,
iu
h chu
h k)
- Cn gi l cng bc
Nghim t do:
xtd(t)
- Vt l: khng do ngun
duy tr, v ngun dng

cho xxl
- Ton hc: l nghim
ring ca PTVP thun
nht (khng c v phi)
- Ch ph thuc vo bn
cht
ht ca
mch,
h khng
kh
ph thuc vo ngun
39
Tch phn kinh in

(2)
Ri Li ' E
Phng trnh vi phn thun nht: Ri Li ' 0
Nghim: itd Ae
pt
RAe pt LApe pt 0
( R Lp) Ae pt 0
Lp R 0 (phng trnh c trng)
R
(nghim c trng)
p
L
itd Ae
R
t
L
(nghim t do)
40
Tch phn kinh in

(3)
+
E
ixl
R
E E RL t
i e
R R
itd Ae
R
t
L
R
t
E
i ixl itd Ae L
E
E
R
Ae0 0
A
R
R
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0
41
Tch phn kinh in

(4)
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh c trng
3 Gii phng trnh c trng tm
3.
nghim c trng
4 Vit dng tng qut ca nghim t do
4.
5. Tnh s kin
6 T s kin tnh cc hng s tch phn
6.
7. Tng hp kt qu
E
1. ixl
R
2. Lpp R 0
R
3. p
L
R
t
L
4. itd Ae
5. i (0) 0
E
6. A
R
E E RL t
7. i e
R R
42
Tch phn kinh in

(5)
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh c trng
3 Gii phng trnh c trng tm
3.
nghim c trng
4 Vit dng tng qut ca nghim t do
4.
5. Tnh s kin
6 T s kin tnh cc hng s tch phn
6.
7. Tng hp kt qu
43
Tch phn kinh in

(6)
Ritd Li 'td 0
itd Ae pt
( R Lp) Ae pt 0
Lp R 0
(phng trnh c trng)
Ri pLi 0 R Lp 0
(phng trnh c trng)
44
VD1
Tch phn kinh in

(7)
E = 12 V; R = 6 ; L = 2 mH. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K

ng li. Tnh dng in qu trong mch.
E 12
2A
ixl
6
R
Lpi Ri 0 Lp R 0
6
R
3000
p
3
2.10
L
itd Ae pt Ae 3000t
i ixl itd 2 Ae 3000t
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0
i (0) 2 A 0 A 2 i 2 2e
3000 t
45
Tch phn kinh in

(8)
1
Ritdd itdd dt 0
C
itd Ae pt
1
1
pt
pt
pt
RA
Ae
A pt 0
RAe
RA Ae
A dt
d 0 RAe
pC
C
1
1 pt
0
R
R
Ae 0
pC
pC
C
(phng trnh c trng)
1
1
0
Ri
i0
pC
pC
(phng trnh c trng)
46
Tch phn kinh in

(9)
tm nghim c trng:
R
pL
1
pC
47
VD2
Tch phn kinh in

(10)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
sang 2. Tm phng trnh c trng & nghim c trng.
i1 i2 i3 0
1
Li '1 R1i1 R2i2 i2 dt
d 0
C
1
R2i2 i2dt R3i3 0
C
i1 A1e pt
i2 A2 e pt
i3 A3e pt
A1e pt A2 e pt A3e pt 0
LpA1e pt R1 A1e pt R2 A2 e pt
R2 A2e pt
1
A2e pt 0
pC
1
A2 e pt R3 A3e pt 0
pC
48
Tch phn kinh in

(11)
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
A1e pt A2 e pt A3e pt 0
1
LpA1e R1 A1e R2 A2 e
A2 e pt 0
pC
1
R2 A2 e pt
A2 e pt R3 A3e pt 0
pC
pt
pt
pt
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
A1e pt 0
0 A2e pt 0

pt
A3e 0
R3
49
Tch phn kinh in

(12)
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
1
Lpp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
C
1
R2
ppC
A1e pt 0
0 A2e pt 0

pt
A3e 0
R3
A1e pt
pt
A
e
2 0
A3e pt
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
ppC
1
R2
pC
R2
1
0 0
R3
50
VD2
Tch phn kinh in

(13)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
1
0 0
R3
LC ( R2 R3 ) p 2 [( R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 )C L] p ( R1 R3 )
0
Cp
LC ( R2 R3 ) p 2 [( R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 )C L] p ( R1 R3 ) 0
(phng trnh c trng)
51
Tch phn kinh in

(14)
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
Cch 2:
i1 i2 i3 0
Lpi1 R1i1 R2i2
1
i2 0
pC
1
R2i2
i2 R3i3 0
pC
1
1
1
Lp R1
0
1
pC
1
R2
pC
R2
i1 0
0 i2 0

i3 0
R3
52
Tch phn kinh in

(15)
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
Cch 2:
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
R2
pC
1
R2
pC
i1 0
0 i2 0

i3 0
R3
i1
i 0
2
i3
1
Lp R1
0
1
1
pC
1
R2
pC
R2
1
0 0
R3
53
Tch phn kinh in

(16)
VD2
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ;
L = 1 H;
H C = 1 mF.
F T
Tii thi
hi i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t
1
Cch 3:
uab
uab Z abia
uab 0
ia 0
ia
Z ab
1
)] pL R1
Z ab 0 [ R3 //( R2
pC
LC ( R2 R3 ) p 2 [( R2 R3 R1 R2 R1 R3 )C L] p ( R1 R3 ) 0
(phng trnh c trng)
54
Tch phn kinh in

(17)
Mch in sau khi ng/m
Trit tiu ngun
Mch in khng ngun
L pL
H p/trnh vi tch phn
x Ae pt
H p/trnh i s
nh thc = 0
1
pC
Mch in i s ho
H p/trnh i s
nh thc = 0
Ct
i dy dn

mt ch bt k
Tng
tr vo ti
bng zero: Zv = 0
Phng trnh c trng

55
VD3
Tch phn kinh in

(18)
E = 120 V; J = 12 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ; L
= 1 H; C = 1 mF. Tii thi
h i i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t 1
1
Z ab ( pL R2 ) //( R1
) R3
pC
1
)
pC
R3
1
( pL R2 ) ( R1
)
pC
( pL R2 )( R1
1
)
3
2
4
10 p
40
p
2100
p
5.10
2
4
30
40
p
2100
p
5.10
0
2
3
1
p 60 p 10
( p 20) (10 3 )
p1,2 26, 25 j 23, 68
10 p
( p 20)(10
56
VD3
Tch phn kinh in

(19)
E = 120 V; J = 12 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; R3 = 30 ; L
= 1 H; C = 1 mF. Tii thi
h i i
im t = 0 kho
kh K chuyn
h t 1
Z ab ( pL R2 ) // R3 R1
1
pC
p
( pL R2 ) R3
1
R1
( pL R2 ) R3
pC
( p 20)30
1
40 p 2 2100 p 5.104
10 3
p 20 30
10 p
p 2 50 p
40 p 2 2100 p 5.104 0
p1,2 26, 25 j 23, 68
57
Tch phn kinh in

(20)
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5
5.
6.
7
7.
Tnh nghim xc lp
Lp phng trnh c trng
Gii phng trnh c trng tm nghim c trng
Vit dng tng qut ca nghim t do
Tnh s kin
T s kin tnh cc hng s tch phn
T hp
Tng
h kt qu
58
Tch phn kinh in

(21)
PTT c nghim thc p1, p2
xtd (t ) A1e p t A2e p t

1
PTT c nghim phc p1,2 = j
xtd (t ) Ae sin(t )
t
PTT c nghim
hi k
kp p1 = p2=
xtd (t ) ( A1 A2t )e
59
Tch phn kinh in

(22)
VD4
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Khi kho
kh v tr
t 1,
1 mchh trng
t
thi xc
lp.
l Ti
T i thi im
i t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm in p qu trn t in.
uCxl uR 2
Zv
E
120
R2
20
80 V
R1 R2
10 20
R1 ( R2 pL)
1
10(20 p )
1
3
R1 R2 pL pC 10 20 p 10 p
10 p 2 1200 p 30000
10 p 2 1200 p 30000 0
p ( p 30)
p1 84,5; p2 35,5
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t cn 2 s kin: uC(0) & uC(0)

60
VD4
Tch phn kinh in

(23)
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Khi kho
kh v tr
t 1,
1 mchh trng
t
thi xc
lp.
l Ti
T i thi im
i t = 0
Cn 2 s kin: uC(0) & uC(0)
20.10
10 200 V
iL (0) iL ( 0) J 10 A;
A uC (0) uC (0) R2 J 20
i1 iL CuC ' 0
i1 iL iC 0
R1i1 R2iL LiL ' E

R1i1 R2iL LiL ' E
R i u E
R i u E
11 C
11 C
i1 (0) iL (0) CuC '(0) 0
R1i1 (0) R2iL (0) LiL '(0)

(0) E
R i (0) u (0) E
C
11
i1 (0) 10 103 uC '(0) 0
10i1 (0) 20.10 iL '(0) 120 uC '(0) 18000 V/s

10i (0) 200 120
1
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu
61
VD4
Tch phn kinh in

(24)
E = 120 V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Khi kho
kh v tr
t 1,
1 mchh trng
t
thi xc
lp.
l Ti
T i thi im
i t = 0
uCxl 80 V; uCtd (t ) A1e84,5t A2 e35,5t

uC '(0) 18000 V/s
uC (0) 200 V;
uC uCxl uCtd 80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t
uC (0) 80 A1 A2 200
uC ' [80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t ]'
84 5t
35 5t
84,5
84 5 A1e 84,5
35,5
35 5 A2 e 35,5
A1 280
A2 160
uC '(0) 84,5 A1 35,5 A2 18000
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu
uC 80 280e 84,5t 160e 35,5t V

62
Tch phn kinh in

(25)
VD5
E = 120 V; J = 10sin10t A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.

Khi kho v tr 1,
1 mch trng thi xc lp.
lp Ti thi im t = 0 kho
K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm in p qu trn t in.
uCxl uR 2
Zv
E
120
R2
20
80 V
R1 R2
10 20
R1 ( R2 pL)
1
10(20 p )
1
3
R1 R2 pL pC 10 20 p 10 p
10 p 2 1200 p 30000
10 p 2 1200 p 30000 0
p ( p 30)
p1 84,5; p2 35,5
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu

Qu trnh qu Qu
- sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
trnh qu
63
VD5
Tch phn kinh in

(26)

Khi kho v tr 1,
10
0o
2
IL
7,67 12,5o A
20 j10 j100
( j100)
20
J
j100
j10
iL (t ) 7,67 2 sin(10t 12,5o ) A

iL ( 0)) 7,67
,
2 sin(( 12,5
, o ) 2,35
, A
iL (0) iL ( 0) 2,35 A
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu
U C ((20 j10)) IL 172 14o A

uC ( 0) 172 2 sin(14o ) 58,67 V uC (0) uC ( 0) 58,67 V
Qu trnh qu Qu
trnh qu
64
VD5
Tch phn kinh in

(27)

Khi kho v tr 1,
iL (0) 2,35 A; uC (0) 58,67 V
i1 iL CuC ' 0
i1 iL iC 0
R
i
R
i
Li
'
E
R1i1 R2iL LiL ' E
11
2 L
L
R i u E
R i u E
1
1
C
11 C
i1 (0) iL (0) CuC '(0) 0
( )E
R1i1 ((0)) R2iL ((0)) LiL '(0)
R i (0) u (0) E
C
11
i1 (0) 2,35 103 uC '(0) 0
10i1 (0) 20( 2,35) iL '(0) 120 uC '(0) 8483 V/s

10i (0) 58,67 120
1
Qu trnh qu Qu
trnh qu
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu
65
Tch phn kinh in

(28)
VD5

Khi kho v tr 1,
uCxl 80 V;
uCtd (t ) A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t
uC (0) 58,67 V;
uC '(0) 8483 V/s
uC uCxl uCtd 80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t

uC (0) 80 A1 A2 58,67
uC ' [80 A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t ]'
84,5 A1e 84,5t 35,5 A2 e 35,5t
A 158
1
A2 136
1. Tnh nghim xc lp
2. Lp phng trnh
c trng
3. Gii phng trnh
c trng tm
nghim c trng
4. Vit dng tng qut
ca nghim t do
5. Tnh s kin
6. T s kin tnh cc
h s
hng
t
tchh phn
h
7. Tng hp kt qu
uC '(0) 84,5 A1 35,5 A2 8483
uC 80 158e 84,5t 136e 35,5t V

66
VD6
Tch phn kinh in

(29)
E = 120sin10t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Khi kho v tr 1,
j100(20 j10)
120 / 2
U Cxl
60,5
60 5 44,1
1o V
C l
j100 20 j10 10 j100(20 j10)
j100 20 j10
uCxl 60,5
, 2 sin(10
( t 4,1
, o) V
R1 ( R2 pL)
1
10(20 p )
1
Zv
3
R1 R2 ppL pC 10 20 p 10 p
10
E
20
j100
j10
10 p 2 1200 p 30000
10 p 2 1200 p 30000 0
p ( p 30)
p1 84,5;
84 5; p2 35
35,55

67
VD6
Tch phn kinh in

(30)
Khi kho v tr 1,
iL (0) iL (0) J 10 A
uC (0) uC (0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
i1 (0) iL (0) CuC '(0) 0
i1 iL CuC ' 0
i1 iL iC 0
( ) E ((0))
'
R
i
R
i
Li
E
R
i
R
i
Li
E
'
R1i1 ((0)) R2iL ((0)) LiL '(0)
11
11
2 L
L
2 L
L
R i (0) u (0) E (0)
R i u E
R i u E
C
11
11 C
11 C
i1 (0) 10 103 uC '(0) 0
10i1 (0) 20.10 iL '(0) 120sin(0) 0 uC '(0) 30000 V/s
10i1 (0) 200 120sin(0) 0

68
VD6
Tch phn kinh in

(31)
Khi kho v tr 1,
84,5t
A2 e 35,5t
uCxl 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) V; uCtd (t ) A1e
uC (0) 200 V; uC '(0) 30000 V/s

uC uCxl uCtd 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) A1e 84,5t A2e 35,5t
uC (0) 60,5 2 sin(4,1o ) A1 A2 200
uC ' [60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) A1e 84,5t A2 e 35,5t ]'
10.60,5 2 cos(10t 4,1o ) 84,5 A1e 84,5t 35,5 A2 e 35,5t
uC '(0) 10.60,5 2 cos(4,1o ) 84,5 A1 35,5 A2 30000

A1 489
uC 60,5 2 sin(10t 4,1o ) 489e 84,5t 295e 35,5t V

A2 295
69
VD7
Tch phn kinh in

(32)
E = 120sin10t V; J = 10sin10t A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H;
C = 1 mF
mF. Khi kho v tr 1,
lp Ti thi im
t = 0 kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm in p qu trn t in.
70
VD8
Tch phn kinh in

(33)
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Khi kho v tr 1,
uCxl ?
71
Tch phn kinh in

(34)
1.
2.
3
3.
4.
5
5.
6.
7
7.
Tnh nghim xc lp
Lp phng trnh c trng
Gii phng trnh c trng tm nghim c trng
Vit dng tng qut ca nghim t do
Tnh s kin
T s kin tnh cc hng s tch phn
T h
Tng
hp kt qu
72
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
p p tch phn
p
kinh in
Phngg php
RL
RC
RLC
Phng php ton t

Gii quyt mt s vn ca QTQ bng my tnh
73
RL (1)
E
ixll
R
R
R
t
t
R
E
Lp R 0 p
itd Ae L i ixl itd Ae L
L
R
iL (0) iL (0) 0
R
t
E E RL t E
E
E
i e (1 e L )
i (0) A iL (0) 0 A
R R
R
R
R
R
R
t
t
E
uR Ri R (1 e L ) E (1 e L )
R
E E
uL Li ' L e
R R
R
t
L
'
R
t
L
Ee
74
E
R
i(t)
()
RL (2)
E RL t
itd e
R
E
R
R
t
E
i (1 e L )
R
uR E ((1 e
u(t)
uL Ee
R
t
L
R
t
L
75
RL (3)
e Em sin(t e )
ixl I m sin((t i )
Em
Im
; i e ; arctan L
R 2 ( L) 2
R
R
t
R
Lp R 0 p itd Ae L
L
R
t
i ixl itd I m sin(
i (t i ) Ae
A L
I m sin i A 0
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0
A I m sin i
i I m sin(t i ) I m sin i e
R
t
L
76
RL (4)
R
t
i I m sin((t i ) I m sin i e L
1
e Em sin(t e )
0.8
ixl
0.6
0.4
itd
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
77
RL (5)
R
t
1
0.8
ixl
0.6
0.4
e Em sin(t e )
itd
0.2
0
-0.2
-0 4
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
78
RL (6)
R
t
1
R
1
L
e Em sin(t e )
05
0.5
ixl
itd
-0.5
-1
1
-1.5
-2
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
79
RL (7)
R
t
1
0.8
ixl
0.6
0.4
i 0
e Em sin(t e )
itd
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
04
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
80
RL (8)
81
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
p p tch phn
p
kinh in
Phngg php
RL
RC
RLC
Phng php ton t

82
RC (1)
uCxl E
t
1
1
RC
uCtd A
Ae
R 0 p
RC
Cp
E
1
t
uC uCxl uCtd E Ae RC
u(t)
()
uC (0) uC (0) 0
uC (0) E A 0 A E
uC E Ee
1
t
RC
E (1 e
i CuC ' C ( E Ee
1
t
RC
1
t
RC
1
t
E RC
)' e
R
0
E
R
i(t)
0
t
83
RC (2)
e Em sin(t e )
ixl I m sin(t e )
Em
1
t
Im
; arctan
RC
1
2
R
1
I
U Cxl
I e
e / 2
jC
C
uCxl
Im
sin((t e )
C
2
84
RC (3)
e Em sin(t e )
uCxl U m sin(t e )
2
Em
1
; arctan
Um
2
RC
1
2
C R
C
1
t
1
1
RC
uCtd Ae
R0 p
RC
C
Cp
1
t
RC
uC uCxl uCtd U m sin(t e / 2) Ae
uC (0) uC (0) 0
U m sin(e / 2) A 0 A U m sin(e / 2)
uC U m sin(t e / 2) U m sin(e / 2) e
1
t
RC
85
RC (4)
e Em sin(t e )
1
t
RC
i CuC '
1
RC
C U m sin(t e / 2) U m sin(e / 2) e
'
U
m
RC t
sin(e / 2) e
CU m cos(t e / 2)
R
86
RC (5)
e Em sin(t e )
1
1
t
RC
uCxl
0.8
0.6
uCtd
04
0.4
0.2
uC
0
-0
0.2
2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
87
RC (6)
e Em sin(t e )
2
1
t
RC
uCxl
1.5
uC
1
1
RC
C
uCtd
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
88
RC (7)
89
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
p p tch phn
p
kinh in
Phngg php
RL
RC
RLC
Phng php ton t

90
RLC (1)
ixl 0; uCxl E
2
R
1
1
R
2
p
0 LCp RCp 1 0
R Lp
1,2
2L
2
L
Cp
LC
iL (0) iL (0) 0;
0 uC (0) uC (0) 0
Ri Li ' uC E Ri (0) Li '(0) uC (0) E
i CuC ' i (0) CuC '(0)
i (0) 0
Li '(0) E
E
i '(0)
(0)
L
uC '(0)
(0) 0
91
RLC (2)
ixl 0; uCxl E
iL (0) iL (0) 0; uC (0) uC (0) 0

E
(0) 0
i '(0)
(0) ; uC '(0)
L
R
1
R
p1,2

12

2L
2 L LC
R 2 L/C :
itd A1e p1t A2 e p2t ;
uCtd B1e p1t B2 e p2t
R 2 L/C :
itd ( A1 A2t )e t ;
uCtd ( B1 B2t )e t
R 2 L/C :
itd Ae t sin(t );
uCtd Be t sin(t )
92
RLC (3)
VD1
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
ixl 0; uCxl 100 V; iL (0) 0; uC (0) 0

p1 250;; p2 50;; i '(0)
( ) 1000 A/s;; uC '(0)
( )0
i ixl itd 0 A1e 250t A2 e 50t i (0) A1 A2 0

i ' 250 A1e 250t
A1 5
50 t
50 A2 e i '(0)
(0) 250 A1 50 A2 1000
A2 5
uC uCxl uCtd 100 B1e 250t
i 5e 250t 5e50t A
B2 e 50t uC (0) 100 B1 B2 0
uC ' 250 B1e 250t 50 B2 e 50t uC '(0) 250 B1 50 B2 0

B1 25
B2 125
uC 100 25e 250t 125e 50t V
93
RLC (4)
VD1
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
i 5e250t 5e 50t A
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
94
RLC (5)
VD1
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
uC 100 25e 250t 125e 50t V

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
95
RLC (6)
VD2
E = 100 V; R = 22,36 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
ixl 0; uCxl 100 V; iL (0) 0; uC (0) 0

p1 p2 112;;
i '(0)
( ) 1000 A/s;; uC '(0)
( )0
i ixl itd 0 ( A1 A2t )e 112t i (0) A1 0

i ' 112 A1e 112t A2 e 112t 112 A2te 112t i '(0)
(0) 112 A1 A2 1000
uC uCxl uCtd
112 t
1000
te
A
A2 1000
100 ( B1 B2t )e 112t uC (0) 100 B1 0
uC ' 112 B1e 112t B2 e 112t 112 B2te 112t

112 t
V
uC '(0) 112 B1 B2 0 uC 100 (100 11200t )e
96
RLC (7)
VD2
E = 100 V; R = 22,36 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
i 1000te 112t A
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
97
RLC (8)
VD2
E = 100 V; R = 22,36 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.
110
uC 100 (100 11200t )e 112t V
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
98
VD3
RLC (9)
E = 100 V; R = 2 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 3,85 mF.
ixl 0; uCxl 100 V; iL (0) 0; uC (0) 0

p1,2 100 j 50
i '(0) 1000 A/s; uC '(0) 0
i 0
i 0 Ae
A 100t sin(50
i (50t ) i (0) A sin
i ' 10 Ae 100t sin(50t ) 50 Ae 100t cos(50t )
i '(0)
( ) 10 A sin 50 A cos 1000
i 20e 100t sin 50t A
A 20
uC 100 Be 100t sin(50t ) uC ((0)) 100 B sin 0

uC ' 10 Be 100t sin(50t ) 50 Be 100t cos(50t )
uC '(0) 10 B sin 50 B cos 0
B 102
100 t
0
100
102
e
sin(50
t
26,
6
)V
C
0
26,
6
99
RLC (10)
VD3
E = 100 V; R = 2 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 3,85 mF.
i 20e 100t sin 50t A

15
10
-5
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
100
RLC (11)
VD3
E = 100 V; R = 2 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 3,85 mF.
uC 100 102e 100t sin(50t 26,6o ) V

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
101
RLC (12)
e Em sin((t e )
ixll I m sin(t e )
2 LC 1
Em
; arctan
Im
2
RC
1
2
R L
1
I
U Cxl
I e
e / 2
jC
C
uCxl
C l
Im
sin(t e )
C
2
2
R
1
1
R
2

R Lp
0 LCp RCp 1 0 p1,2
12
Cp
2L
2 L LC
102
RLC (13)
iL (0) iL (0) 0; uC (0) uC (0) 0
e Em sin((t e )
Ri Li ' uC e Ri (0) Li '(0) uC (0) e(0)
Em ssin e
0 Li
L '(0) 0 Em sin
i e i '(0)
L
i CuC ' i (0) CuC '(0) 0 uC '(0) 0
R 2 L/C :
itd A1e p1t A2 e p2t ;
uCtd B1e p1t B2 e p2t
R 2 L/C :
itd ( A1 A2t )e t ;
uCtd ( B1 B2t )e t
itd Ae t sin(ttd );
uCtd Be t sin(td t )
R 2 L/C :
103
RLC (14)
e Em sin((t e )
i I m sin(t e ) A1e p1t A2 e p2t
R 2 L/C
3.5
ixl
itd
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0 5
-0.5
-1
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
104
RLC (15)
e Em sin((t e )
R 2 L/C
20
i I m sin(t e ) Ae t sin(td t )
ixl
15
itd
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
105
RLC (16)
e Em sin((t e )
R 2 L / C ; td
i I m sin(t e ) Ae t sin(t )
(Cng hng) 1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
106
Mch
ch c 1 L & 1 C tnh s kin
cp
p0&1
Mch c m L v/hoc C tnh s kin n cp n 1
(vn 1)
Phng trnh c trng c n bc cn tm n hng s
tch phn gii h n phng trnh n n (vn 2)
t rt
Ngun
N c dng
d
e = Ae
A t
t kh tm
t dng/p
d / xc
lp
l
(vn 3)
Phng php ton t:
Ch cn tnh iL(0) & uC(0)
Khng cn tnh hng s tch phn
C th p dng i vi ngun c dng phc tp
107
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
Gii quyt
t mt
t s vn
ca
QTQ b
bng my
tnh
t h
108
Phng php ton t (1)

Khc phc cc nhc im ca p/p tch phn kinh in
Bin i hai chiu: gc thi gian nh ton t
C nhiu php bin i (Laplace,
(Laplace Fourier,
Fourier )) cho nhiu
kiu ng dng, c nhng u nhc im khc nhau
i vi k thut in th bin i Laplace dng
Php bin i Laplace lm cho mt s php ton tr nn
n ggin hn
109
Phng php ton t (2)
Mch in
(H) phng trnh

trong min thi gian
kh
Bin
i
Laplace ngc
Bin
i
Laplace thun
(H) phng trnh
trong min
ton t
(B) nghim trong

min thi gian
(c th) d hn
(B) nghim trong

min
ton t
110
Phng php ton t (3)
Bin i thun Laplace

Tnh cht c bn ca bin i thun Laplace
Tm nh Laplace t gc thi gian
Bin i ngc Laplace
Tnh cht c bn ca bin i ngc Laplace
Tm gc thi gian t nh Laplace
S ton
t t
Gii bi ton qu bng phng php ton t
111
Bin
i
thun Laplace (1)
nh
Gc
1(t ) x(t ) X ( p )
X ( p ) Lx(t ) x(t )e pt dt
d lim
li x(t )e pt dt
d
0
p = + j; p : ton t Laplace
112
Bin
i
thun Laplace (2)
1(t ) x(t ) X ( p)
y l bin i mt pha, ch t 0
X( ) hi t th
X(p)
h x(t)
( ) mi
i c nh
h
X(p) hi t khi x(t)e-pt hi t
x(t)e-pt hi t khi x(t) Met vi > 0 x(t) phi tng
chm hn mt hm m
VD hm
h c nh
h Laplace:
L l
const, sin,
i ett, tn
VD hm khng c nh Laplace: exp(t2)
Phn
ln cc hm trong thit
b in u
c nh Laplace
113
Tnh cht
c bn ca bin
i
Laplace (1)
x(t) X(p) = L[x(t)]
Tuyn tnh:
c1x1(t)+c2x2(t) c1X1(p)+c2X2(p)
nh ca o hm ca gc:
x(t) pX(p) x(0)
x(t)
(t) p2X(p)
X( ) px(0)
( 0) x(0)
( 0)
114
Tnh cht
c bn ca bin
i
Laplace (2)
nh ca tch phn ca gc:
X ( p ) x(0)
0 x(t )dt p p
Tr (dch):
1(t )x(t ) X(p)e p
Gii hn u:
lim x(t ) lim pX ( p )
t 0
T l (ng dng):
1
p
x(at ) X ( )
a
a
115
Tm nh Laplace (1)
Dng bng
(t ) 1
(t ) e p
1
1(t )
p
1
t1(t ) 2
p
1(t )e
at
pa
1(t ) sin t
1(t ) cos t
...
p2 2
p
p2 2
116
Tm nh Laplace (2)
Dng tnh cht
5t e
1
t 2
p
e
25t
25t
5
1
2
p
p 25
5
55tt 2
p
p 25
117
Tm nh Laplace (3)
Dngg nh
ngha
g
3 2t
x(t ) 4t e
X ( p)
4t e e
3 2t
pt
dt
3 ( p 2 ) t
4
4
t
e
4
3
( p 2 ) t 2
( p 2 ) t
X ( p)
3
e
t dt A B
t
d
e
( p 2) 0
( p 2) 0 ( p 2) 0
12
12 2 ( p 2 ) t
24 ( p 2 ) t
2
( p 2 ) t
A0 B
t de
te
e
tdt C D
2
2
2
( p 2) 0
( p 2)
( p 2) 0
0
C 0
24
24
24 ( p 2 ) t
( p 2 ) t
( p 2 ) t
D
tde
te
e
dt E F
3
3
3
( p 2) 0
( p 2)
( p 2) 0
0
E0
24
24
( p 2 ) t
F
e
4
4
( p 2)
(
p
2
)
0
X ( p)
24
( p 2) 4
118
Tm nh Laplace (4)
C 3 cch:
Tra bng
Tnh cht
nh ngha
Thng kt hp cch 1 & cch 2
119
Tm nh Laplace (5)
Tm nh Laplace ca xung vung?
F ( p ) L[u (t )] L[u (t a )]
1
L[u (t )]
p
e p
L[u (t a )]
p
1
0
u(t )
1
0
u ( t a )
1 e ap 1 e ap
F ( p)
p
p
p
0
1
a
120
Phng php ton t
Bin i thun Laplace

Bin i ngc Laplace
S ton
t t
121
Bin
i
ngc Laplace
1 j
pt
L X ( p ) x(t )
X
(
p
)
e
dp
2j j
1
Ch c gc nu tch phn ny hi t
Cn gi l tm gc ca nh
Cc cch tm gc thi gian t nh ton t:
Dng bng tnh sn
Dng khai trin phn thc hu t
Dng nh ngha
122
Tnh cht
c bn ca bin
i
ngc Laplace
Vi phn ca nh:
d
X ( p ) tx(t )
dp
Tch phn ca nh:
x(t )
p X ( p)dp t
Dch
D h nh:
h
X ( p a ) e at x(t )
123
Tm gc
thi gian t nh Laplace (1)
4 cch: bng tnh sn, tnh cht, khai trin phn thc hu
t, hoc nh ngha
Cch th ba thngg gp nht,, do nh thngg c dng
g
phn thc hu t:
N ( p ) an p n an 1 p n 1 ... a1 p a0
X ( p)
D( p ) bm p m bm 1 p m 1 ... b1 p b0
m > n X(p)
(p) l phn
p
thc
c hu
u t chnh
c
tcc
m n X(p) khng chnh tc chia a thc
Ch khai trin khi X(p) chnh tc
124
Tm gc
K3
K1
K2
K4
p 8
X ( p)
2
2
p p 2 ( p 4)
p4
p ( p 2)( p 4)
p 8
2 t
4 t
4 t
K1 K 2 e K 3te K 4 e
2
p ( p 2)( p 4)
K1 , K2 , K3 , K4 ?
Cch tnh cc h s K ph thuc vo dng nghim ca mu s
Mu s c th c 4 dng nghim:
Nghim
N
hi thc
h phn
h bit
bi
Nghim thc lp (kp)
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp (kp)
125
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
25 p 2 300 p 640
X ( p)
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
p
p ( p 4)( p 8)
K
K1
K
2 3
p p 4 p 8
K1
K3
K2
p
p
p
p
K 2 p K3 p
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1
p 4 p 8
( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
K 2 p K3 p
K1
p 4 p 8 p 0
( p 4)( p 8) p 0
25 p 2 300 p 640
( p 4)( p 8)
p 0
K p
K1 2
p4
K3 p
p 8
p 0
p 0
126
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p p 4 p 8
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
( p 4)( p 8)
K1
p 0
K2 p
p4
p 0
K3 p
p 8
p 0
640
K1 0 0
4.8
640
K1
20
4.8
127
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p p 4 p 8
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1
K3
K2
( p 4)
( p 4)
p
p
p
p
p
p
(
4)(
8)
4
8
K 3 ( p 4)
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1 ( p 4)
K2
p ( p 8)
p
p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1 ( p 4)
K 3 ( p 4)
K2
p ( p 8)
p
p 8 p 4
p 4
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 8)
p 4
K1 ( p 4))
K 3 ( p 4))
K2
p 8
p 4
p 4
128
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p p 4 p 8
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 8)
p 4
K1 ( p 4)
p
K2
p 4
K 3 ( p 4)
p 8
p 4
25(4) 2 300(4) 640
0 K2 0
(4)(4 8)
25(4) 2 300(4) 640
K2
10
(4)(4 8)
129
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2
p p4
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1
( p 8)
( p 8)
p
p ( p 4)( p 8)
K3
p 8
K3
K2
p 4 p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1 ( p 8) K 2 ( p 8)
K3
p ( p 4)
p
p4
25 p 2 300 p 640
K1 ( p 8) K 2 ( p 8)
K3
p ( p 4)
p
p4
p 8
p 8
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 4)
p 8
K1 ( p 8))
p
p 8
K 2 ( p 8))
p4
K3
p 8
130
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
K
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
K
X ( p)
2 3
p p 4 p 8
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
p ( p 4)
p 8
K1 ( p 8)
K 2 ( p 8)
p4
p 8
K3
p 8
25(8) 2 300(8) 640
0 0 K3
(8)(8 4)
25(8) 2 300(8) 640
K3
5
(8)(8 4)
131
Tm gc
Nghim thc phn bit
K
K
20
10
5
25 p 2 300 p 640 K1
2 3
X ( p)
p p 4 p 8 p p 4 p 8
p ( p 4)( p 8)
25 p 2 300 p 640
640
K1 p
20
p( p 4)( p 8) p 0 4.8
25 p 2 300 p 640
25( 4) 2 300(4) 640
K 2 ( p 4)
10
(4)(4 8)
p( p 4)( p 8) p 4
25 p 2 300 p 640
25(8) 2 300(8) 640
K 3 ( p 8)
(8)(8 4)
p( p 4)( p 8) p 8
132
VD
Tm gc
10( p 1)
Tm gc thi gian ca X ( p )
( p 2)( p 3)( p 4)
X ( p)
K1
K2
K3
K1
K
K3
2
p2 p3 p4
10( p 1)
( p 2) ( p 3)( p 4)
10( p 1)
( p 2) ( p 3) ( p 4)
10(( p 1))
( p 2)( p 3) ( p 4)
5
p 2
x (t ) 5e 2 t 20e 3t 15e 4 t
20
p 3
15
p4
133
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp
134
Tm gc
Nghim thc lp
K2
K3
10 p 2 34 p 27 K1
X ( p)
p ( p 3) 2 p 3
p( p 3) 2
10 p 2 34 p 27
K1 p
3
2
p ( p 3)
p 0

2
K3
K2
34 p 27
10
p
2
2 K1
( p 3))
( p 3))
2
2
p
(
p
3)
p
(
p
3)
p
p 3
10 p 2 34 p 27
p 3
p 3
1 ( p 3) 2
K 2 K 3 ( p 3) p 3
p
p 3
10(3) 2 34(3) 27
0 K2 0
3
10(3) 2 34(3) 27
2
K2
5
3
135
Tm gc
Nghim thc lp
K2
K3
10 p 2 34 p 27 K1
X ( p)
p ( p 3) 2 p 3
p( p 3) 2
2
d
K 3
2
K2
d
2 10 p 34 p 27
2 K1
( p 3)
( p 3)

2
2
dp
p
p
dp
p
p
p
(
3)
(
3)
3
p 3
p 3

d 10 p 2 34 p 27
d K1
(
p
3)
K
(
p
3)
dp 2
dp 3
dp
p
dp
p
p 3
p 3
p 3
p 3

p (20 p 34) (10 p 2 34 p 27)
p2
p 3
p( p 3) ( p 3) 2
K1
p2
3[20(3) 34] [10(3) 2 34(3) 27]
0 0 K3
2
(3)
0 K3
p 3
K3 7
136
Tm gc
Nghim thc lp
10 p 2 34 p 27
X ( p)
p( p 3) 2
K1
K2
K3
2
p ( p 3)
p3
3
5
7

2
p ( p 3)
p3
10 p 2 34 p 27
K1 p
3
2
p ( p 3)
p 0

2
34 p 27
10
p
2
5
K 2 ( p 3)
2
p ( p 3))
p 3
2
d
2 10 p 34 p 27
K 3 ( p 3)
7

2
d
p ( p 3)
p 3
dp
137
VD
Tm gc
20 p 2 8
K1
K2
K3
K4
p p 1 ( p 2) 2 p 2
p( p 1)( p 2) 2
20 p 2 8
K1
p ( p 1)( p 2) 2
20 p 2 8
K2
p ( p 1)) ( p 2)) 2
K3
2
p 0
28
p 1
20 p 2 8
p( p 1) ( p 2)
44
2
p 2
p
20 p 2 8
d
K4
2
dp p( p 1) ( p 2)

p( p 1)(40 p ) (20 p 2 8)(2 p 1)
26
2
[ p( p 1)]
p 4

p4
x (t ) 2 28e t 44te 2 t 26e 2 t

138
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp
139
Tm gc
Nghim phc phn bit
K1
K2
K3
4 p 2 76 p
X ( p)
p 2 p 3 j4 p 3 j4
( p 2)( p 2 6 p 25)
o
o
8
6 j8
6 j8
8 10 53,13 10 53,13
p 2 p 3 j4 p 3 j4 p 2
p 3 j4
p 3 j4
x (t ) 8e
2 t
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
4 p 2 76 p
8
K1 ( p 2)
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 2
4 p 2 76 p
6 j8
K 2 ( p 3 j 4)
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 3 j 4
4 p 2 76 p
K 3 ( p 3 j 4)
6 j8
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p 3 j 4
140
Tm gc
Nghim phc phn bit
4 p 2 76 p
2 t
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
8
e
10
e
e
10
e
e
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25)
10e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
j (4 t 53,13o )
j (4 t 53,13o )
10e
3 t
10e ( e
j 53,13o (3 j 4) t
j (4 t 53,13o )
j (4 t 53,13o )
cos(4t 53,13o ) j sin(4t 53,13o )

cos( 4t 53,13
53 13o ) j sin( 4t 53
53,13
13o )
o
e j (4 t 53,13 ) e j (4 t 53,13 ) 2 cos(4t 53,13o )

10e
j 53,13
53 13o (3 j 4) t
10e
j 53
53,13
13o (3 j 4) t
20e 3t cos(4
(4t 53,13
53 13o )
4 p 2 76 p
4 p 2 76 p
o
2 t
3t
8
e
20
e
cos(4
t
53,13
53
13
)
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) ( p 2)( p 3 j 4)( p 3 j 4)
141
Tm gc
Nghim phc phn bit
4 p 2 76 p
X ( p)
( p 2)( p 2 6 p 25)
x (t ) 8e 2 t 20e 3t cos(4t 53,13o )
K1
K2
K3
p 2 p 3 j4 p 3 j4
4 p 2 76 p
8
K1 ( p 2)
2
( p 2)( p 6 p 25) p
p 2
4 p 2 76 p
o
53,13
K 2 ( p 3 j 4)
6
j
8
10
2
(
p
2)(
p
6
p
25)
p 3 j 4
142
Tm gc
VD
X ( p)
K1
K2
10
( p 3)( p 2 8 p 25)
K1
K2
K3
p 3 p 4 j3 p 4 j3
10
( p 3) ( p 4 j 3)( p 4 j 3)
10
( p 3) ( p 4 j 3) ( p 4 j 3)
1
p 3
0,50
, j 0,17
, 0,53
,
161,6
, o
p 4 j 3
x (t ) e 3t 11,06
06e 4 t cos(3
(3t 161
161,6
6o )
143
Nghim thc phn bit

Nghim thc lp
Nghim phc phn bit
Nghim phc lp
144
Tm gc
Nghim phc lp
20 p 2 120 p 1140
20 p 2 120 p 1140
X ( p)
2
2
( p 3 j 4) 2 ( p 3 j 4) 2
( p 6 p 25)
K1
K2
K1*
K 2*
( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4 ( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4
j5
10
j5
10
( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4 ( p 3 j 4) 2 p 3 j 4
2
2 20 p 120 p 1140
K1 ( p 3 j 4)
10
2
2
( p 6 p 25) p 3 j 4
2
d
2 20 p 120 p 1140
K 2 ( p 3 j 4)

2
2
dp
(
p
6
p
25)
p 3 j 4

40 p 120
20 p 2 120 p 1140
2
j5
2
3
( p 3 j 4)
( p 3 j 4)
p 3 j 4
145
Tm gc
Nghim
g pphc lp
p
20 p 2 120 p 1140
X ( p)
( p 6 p 25) 2
10
10
j5
j5
2
2
( p 3 j 4)
p 3 j 4 ( p 3 j 4)
p 3 j4
5 90o
5 90o
10
10
2
2
( p 3 j 4) p 3 j 4 p 3 j 4
( p 3 j 4)
x (t ) 20te 3t cos 4t 10e 3t cos(4t 90o )
j5 5 90o
146
Tm gc
K
pa
K
( p a)2
K
K
p j p j
K
K
2
( p j ) ( p j )2
Ke at
Kte
at
2 Ke t cos( t )
2tKe t cos( t )
147
Phng php ton t (3)
Mch in
(H) phng trnh

trong min thi gian
kh
Bin
i
Laplace ngc
Bin
i
Laplace thun
(H) phng trnh
trong min
ton t
(B) nghim trong

min thi gian
(c th) d hn
(B) nghim trong

min
ton t
148
VD1
Phng php ton t (4)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1
0 1 H; C = 0,8
0 8 mF
mF. Ti thi im
t = 0 kho K ng. Tnh dng in qu .
e 100e 10t V
Ri Li ' uC e
cx(t ) cX ( p) Ri RI ( p )
x '(t ) pX ( p ) x(0) Li ' L pI ( p ) iL (0)

du
iC
I ( p) C[ pU ( p ) uC (0)] CpU ( p ) CuC (0)
dt
uC (0)
1
I ( p)
U ( p)
Cp
p
I ( p ) uC ( 0)
Ri Li ' uC e RI ( p ) LpI ( p ) LiL ( 0)
E ( p)
p
Cp
149
VD1
Phng php ton t (5)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1
0 1 H; C = 0,8
0 8 mF
mF. Ti thi im
e 100e 10t V
I ( p) uC (0)
Ri Li ' uC e RI ( p) LpI ( p) LiL (0)
E ( p)
Cp
p
100
10 t
100e
p 10
iL (0) 0
uC (0) 0
30 I ( p) 0,1
0 1 pI ( p)
I ( p)
100
8.104 p p 10
150
VD1
Phng php ton t (6)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1
0 1 H; C = 0,8
0 8 mF
mF. Ti thi im
e 100e 10t V
Ri Li ' uC e
I ( p)
100
30 I ( p) 0,1 pI ( p)
4
8.10 p p 10
1250000 p
K3
K1
K2
I ( p)
( p 10)( p 50)( p 250) p 10 p 50 p 250
151
VD1
Phng php ton t (7)
R = 30 ; L = 0,1
0 1 H; C = 0,8
0 8 mF
mF. Ti thi im
e 100e 10t V
K3
K1
K2
1250000
50000 p
I ( p)
p 10 p 50 p 250
( p 10)( p 50)( p 250)
1250000 p
125.104 ( 10)
K1
1302
( p 10) ( p 50)( p 250) p 10 ( 10 50)( 10 250)
1250000 p
1250000( 50)
7813
K2
( p 10) ( p 50) ( p 250) p 50 ( 50 10)( 50 250)
1250000 p
1250000( 250)
6510
K3
( 250 10)(
)( 250 50))
)( p 50)) ( p 250))
( p 10)(
p250
i (t ) 1302e 10t 7813e 50t 6510e 250t A

152
Phng php ton t (8)
Mch in
Ton t ho
Mch in
ton t ho
(H) phng trnh

trong min thi gian
kh
Bin
i
Laplace ngc
Bin
i
Laplace thun
(H) phng trnh
trong min
ton t
(B) nghim trong

min thi gian
(c th) d hn
(B) nghim trong

min
ton t
153
Phng php ton t
Bin i thun Laplace

Bin i ngc Laplace
S ton t
154
S
ton t (1)
u = Ri U(p) = RI(p)
U(p)
u
i
I(p)
155
S
ton t (2)
uL
di
dt
U ( p ) L[ pI ( p ) iL (0)] pLI ( p ) LiL (0)
i
u
iL(0)
LiL(0)
( 0)
U(p)
pL
I(p)
156
S
ton t (3)
du
iC
dt
I ( p) C[ pU ( p ) uC (0)] CpU ( p ) CuC (0)

uC (0)
1
U ( p)
I ( p)
Cp
p
uC(0)
U(p) I(p)
1
Cp
uC (0)
p
157
S
ton t (4)
U(p)
I(p)
i
i
iL(0)
LiL(0)
U(p)
pL
I(p)
u i
1
Cp
uC(0)
U(p)
I(p)
uC (0)
p
158
S
ton t (5)
VD1
i ( 0) 0
12 V
10
12
V
p
10
0,1H
0,1p
i ( 0) 0
Li ( 0)
159
VD2
S
ton t (6)
i ( 0) 4 A
12
p
2p
8
u ( 0) 0
u ( 0) 12 V
160
VD3
S
ton t (7)
E1 = 120 V; E2 = 40 V; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ;
R3 = 30 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF. Ti thi im t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. V s ton t.
161
Phng php ton t
Bin i thun Laplace

Bin i ngc Laplace
S ton
t t
162
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (1)
i ( 0) 0
1. Tnh thng s ca ch c: iL(0)
& uC(0)
2. Ton t ho s mch in (sau khi
ng/m
g
kho K))
3. Gii mch in ton t ho (bng
mt trong s cc phng php gii
mch
in)
) tm thngg s X(p)
(p)
4. Tm gc thi gian x(t) t nh X(p)
12
10
0 I ( p ) 0,
0,1 ppI ( p )
p
12 / p
I ( p)
, p
10 0,1
i (t ) 1, 2(1 e 100t ) A
163
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (2)
VD1
E = 120 V;; J = 10 A;; R1 = 10 ;; R2 = 20 ;; L = 1 H;; C = 1 mF.

Khi kho v tr 1, mch trng thi xc lp. Ti thi im t = 0
kho K chuyn t 1 sang 2. Tm dng in qu ca cun dy.
iL ( 0)) J 10 A;;
uC ( 0)) R2 J 20.10 200 V
b 0
120
200
10
p
p
10
p 20 1000
p
a ( p)
1
1
1
10 p 20 1000
p
20
10
120
p
200 p 2 6000 p 240000
V
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
I ( p)
p
10
1000 1.
p
2.
200
p
3.
4.
Tnh thng s ca ch
c: iL(0) & uC(0)
Ton t ho s mch
in (sau khi ng/m
kho K)
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
Tm gc thi gian x(t) t
nh X(p)
164
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (3)
VD1
E = 120 V;; J = 10 A;; R1 = 10 ;; R2 = 20 ;; L = 1 H;; C = 1 mF.

200 p 2 6000 p 240000

a ( p)
V
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
I ( p)
20
10 a ( p )
p 20
10
120
p
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
A
p ( p 2 120 p 3000)
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
A
p( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
I ( p)
p
10
1000 1.
p
2.
200
p
3.
4.
Tnh thng s ca ch
c: iL(0) & uC(0)
Ton t ho s mch
in (sau khi ng/m
kho K)
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
165
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (4)
VD1
E = 120 V;; J = 10 A;; R1 = 10 ;; R2 = 20 ;; L = 1 H;; C = 1 mF.

K1
K2
K3
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
I ( p)
p p 84,5 p 35,5
p ( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
K1
10 p 1200 p 12000
( p 84,5)(
84 5)( p 35
35,5)
5)
1.
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
K2
p ( p 35,5)
35 5)
10 p 2 1200 p 12000
K3
p( p 84,5))
2.
p 0
4,35
3.
p 84,5
10,35
p
35,5
35 5
i (t ) 4 4,35e
84,5t
10,35e
35,5t
4.
Tnh thng s ca ch
c: iL(0) & uC(0)
Ton t ho s mch
in (sau khi ng/m
kho K)
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
166
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (5)
VD2

Khi kho v tr 1, mch trng thi xc lp. Ti thi im t = 0 kho
10
0o
2
IL
20 j10 j100
( j100)
7,67
7 67 12,5
12 5o A
20
J
iL (t ) 7,67 2 sin(10t 12,5o ) A

iL ( 0) 7,67 2 sin( 12,5o ) 2,35 A
j100
1.
j10
2.
3.
U C (20 j10) IL 172 14o A

uC ( 0) 172 2 sin(14 ) 58,67 V
o
4.
Qu trnh qu Qu
trnh qu
Tnh thng s ca ch
c: iL(0) & uC(0)
Ton t ho s mch
in (sau khi ng/m
kho K)
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
167
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (6)
VD2

iL ( 0) 2,35 A; uC ( 0) 58,67 V
I R ( p)
10
I R ( p) I L ( p) IC ( p) 0
120
p
120
10 I R ( p ) ( p 20) I L ( p ) 2,35
p
1000
58,67
( p 20) I L ( p )
I C ( p ) 2,35
p
p
20
I L ( p)
p
2,35
2,36
2 36 p 2 176 p 12000
I L ( p)
A
p( p 2 120 p 3000)
IC ( p)
1000
1.
p
58,67
58
67 2.
p
3.
4.
Qu trnh qu Qu
trnh qu
Tnh thng s ca ch
c: iL(0) & uC(0)
Ton t ho s mch
in (sau khi ng/m
kho K)
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
168
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (7)
VD2

K2
K3
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000 K1
I ( p)
p p 84,5 p 35,5
p ( p 2 120 p 3000)
K1
2,36 p 176 p 12000

( p 84,5)(
84 5)( p 35
35,5)
5)
1.
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000

K2
p ( p 35,5)
35 5)
2,36 p 2 176 p 12000
K3
p ( p 84,5))
2.
p 0
2, 42
3.
p 84,5
8,78
p
35,5
35 5
i (t ) 4 2, 42e
84,5t
8,78e
35,5t
4.
Qu trnh qu Qu
trnh qu
Tnh thng s ca ch
c: iL(0) & uC(0)
Ton t ho s mch
in (sau khi ng/m
kho K)
Gii mch in ton
t ho (bng mt trong
s cc phng php gii
mch in) tm thng
s X(p)
nh X(p)
169
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (8)
VD3
iL ( 0) J 10 A; uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
1200
p
I
p
p
I
p
10
(10
20
)
(
)
(
20)
(
)
d
x
2
p 100
( p 20) I ( p ) 20 p 1000 I ( p ) 10 200

d
x
p
p
I R ( p)
20
10
I L ( p)
1200
p
2
p 100
10
180 p 4480 p 15600 p 340000

I
(
p
)
d
( p 2 100)( p 2 120 p 3000)
3
2
I ( p ) 2( p 20)( p 15 p 160 p 1500)
x
( p 2 100)( p 2 120 p 3000)
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980
I L ( p) I d ( p) I x ( p)
A
( p 2 100)( p 2 120 p 3000)
3
IC ( p)
1000
p
200
p
170
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (9)
VD3
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980

I L ( p)
A
2
2
( p 100)( p 120 p 3000)
K1
K2
K3
K4
p 84,5 p 35,5 p j10 p j10

7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980
K1
( p 35,5)( p 2 100)
7 08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980

7,08
K2
( p 84,5)( p 2 100)
7,08 p 3 1080 p 2 708 p 11980

K3
( p 84,5)(
84 5)( p 35,5)(
35 5)( p j10)
33,91
p 84,5
25,37
p 35,5
0,73 j1,77 1,91 67,5o

p j10
iL (t ) 33,91e 84,5t 25,37e 35,5t 3,82 cos(10t 67,5o ) A

171
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (10)
VD4
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
iL ( 0) J 10 A;
uC ( 0) R2 J 20.10 200 V
1000
10
1000
p
Z td ( p )
1000 p 100
10
p
120
200
p 25
p
1000
10
200 p 17000
p
Etd ( p )
V
1
1
(
p
25)(
)(
p
100)
)
10 1000
p
20
10
120
p 25
I ( p)
p
10
200
p
20
Z td ( p )
I ( p)
Etd ( p )
1000
p
10
172
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (11)
VD4
E = 120e25t V; J = 10 A; R1 = 10 ; R2 = 20 ; L = 1 H; C = 1 mF.
Z td ( p )
1000
200 p 17000
; Etd ( p )
V
p 100
( p 25)( p 100)
200 p 17000
10
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
( p 25)( p 100)
I ( p)
A
1000
(
p
25)(
p
84,5)(
p
35,5)
20 p
p 100
K1
K2
K3
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
K1
( p 84,5)( p 35,5)
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
K3
( p 25)( p 84,5)
p 25
19, 21;
p 25
6,08;
p 84,5
Z td ( p )
I ( p)
Etd ( p )
p 35,5
10 p 2 1450 p 42000
K2
( p 25)( p 35,5)
20
10
3,13;
p 84,5
i (t ) 6,08e 25t 19, 21e 84,5t 3,13e 35,5t A
p 35,5
173
Gii bi ton qu bng

phng php ton t (12)
174
Nn p dng nu
u im
Tch phn kinh in
Ton t
Ngun
DC, AC
Mi kiu
ngun
D tnh dng/p xc lp
Khng cn tnh s kin

& hng s tch phn
C th p dng cho mch
c ngun DC, AC
Nhc im
Di (s kin &
hng s tch phn)
Kh p dng cho
mch c ngun
DC, AC
Vic tm gc thi gian

t nh ton t kh
& mt thi gian
175
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
Gii quyt
t mt
t s vn
ca
QTQ b
bng my
tnh
t h
176
Phng php hm qu & hm trng lng

Da trn cc hm qu h(t) & hm trng lng g(t)
h(t):
Heaviside
p ng ca mt on mch khi ng vo mt ngun 1(t)
V d: ng mch RL vo ngun 1 V, i = (1 eR/L)/R = h(t)
g(t):
Green
p ng ca mt on mch khi ng vo mt ngun (t)
dh(t )
g (t )
dt
177
Gii QTQ bng

hm qu h(t) (1)
i
Dngg khi ngun

g
kch thch c dng
g pphc tp
p
tng:
Chia ngun kch thch thnh cc hm n v 1(t)
Tnh p ng h(t) ca tng 1(t),
Tng hp cc p ng nghim ca QTQ
u
0
0 qu - sites.google.com/site/ncpdhbkhn
t
Qu trnh
t 178
Gii QTQ bng

hm qu h(t) (2)
1(t ) i h(t )
arctg[u()]
1(t ) i h(t )
u
i u h(t )
u u ' ( )
i u ' ( ) .h(t )
(Dhuhamel)
t
di u ' ( )d .h(t ) u ' ( )h(t )d i di u ' ( )h(t )d

0
179
Gii QTQ bng

hm trng lng g(t) (1)
Khi dng h(t), chng ta chia kch thch u(t) theo chiu
ngang
( ) theo chiu dc,
, ta s dngg n hm trng
g
Nu chia u(t)
lng g(t)
g khi ngun
g
kch thch c dng
g pphc tp
p
Cngg pp dng
tng:
Chia ngun kch thch thnh cc xung Dirac (t)
Tm p ng g(t) ca tng (t)
Tng hp cc p ng nghim ca QTQ
180
Gii QTQ bng

hm trng lng g(t) (2)
i
(t ) i g (t )
(t ) i g (t )
u ( )d . (t ) i u ( ) g (t )d di
t
0
i
i di u ( ) g (t ) d
g (t ) h' (t )
0
181 t
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (1)
Cng biu din mt dng in nn chng phi bng nhau
Kh tnh tch phn
C th i bin s:
t
0
t
0
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d i u ' (t )h( )d

i u ( ) g (t )d
0
i u (t ) g ( )d
0
Vit gn dng tch xp:
i u*h
182
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (2)
u
10 V
2 ms
4 ms
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d
0
183
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (3)
u
10 V
2 ms
u
10 V
4 ms
t
1(t)
2 ms
u
10 V
1(t ) 1(t 0,004)
2 ms
u
10 V
4 ms
t
4 ms
t
1(t 0,004)
u (t ) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)](5000t 10) V
2 ms
4 ms
t
5000 t 10
184
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (4)
i (0) i (0) 0
r

r pL 0 p
L
itd Ae t
U
ixl
r
U
i ixl itd Ae t
r
U
U
U
0
i (0) Ae A 0 A
r
r
r
1 e t
h(t )
r
U
i (t ) (1 e t )
r
185
u
10 V
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t)
2 ms
4 ms
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d
0
(5)
L
1 e t
h(t )
r
u (t ) [1(t ) 1(t 0, 004)](5000t 10) V

u ' (t ) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)]' (5000t 10) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)](5000t 10)'
[ (t ) (t 0,004)](5000t 10) [1(t ) 1(t 0,004)](5000)
(5000t 10) (t ) 10 (t )
(5000t 10) (t 0,004) 10 (t 0,004)
u '(t ) 10[ (t ) (t 0, 004)] 5000[1(t ) 1(t 0, 004)]

u '( ) 10[ ( ) ( 0, 004)] 5000[1( ) 1( 0, 004)]
V/s
V/s
186
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (6)
i u ' ( )h(t )d
0
0
u ' ( ) 10[ ( ) ( 0,004)] 5000[1( ) 1( 0,004)]

1 e t 1 e (t )
h(t )
rt
r
1 e (t )
i 10[ (t ) (t 0,004)] 5000[1(t ) 1(t 0,004)]
d
r
t
10 t
5000 t
10
1( ) 1( 0,004)d
( )d ( 0,004)d
r 0
r 0
r 0
t
5000 t
5000
( t )
( t )

( )e
d
( 0,004)e
d
r 0
r 0
5000 t
( t )
1( ) 1( 0,004)e

d
A B C D
r 0
187
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (7)
t
10
10
A
( )d ( 0,004)d
r 0
r 0
10
10
10
1(t ) 1(t 0,004) 1(t ) 1(t 0,004)
r
r
r
t
5000
1( ) 1( 0,004)d
B
r 0
t
5000
5000
r
r
0
0 , 004
5000 5000 5000
t
t
0,004 20
r
r
r
188
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (8)
t
5000
5000
( t )
( t )
C
)
e
d
0
,
004
)
e
d
r 0
r 0
t
( T ) f (t )d f (t T )
C
t
5000 t 5000 ( t 0, 004 )

e
e
r
r
5000
( t )
D
1
(
1
(
0
,
004
)
e
d
r 0
5000 ( t ) t 5000
( t ) t
e
1(t 0,004)e
0
0
r
r
5000 t
e 1(t 0,004)e ( t 0, 004)

r
189
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (9)
u
10 V
2 ms
4 ms
t
i u ' ( )h(t )d u ( ) g (t )d u ( )h' (t )d

190
Gii QTQ bng

h(t) & g(t) (10)
P/p tch phn kinh in ch dng c khi ngun kch
thch c dng n gin (hng, iu ho, chu k)
P/p
p h(t)
( ) & g(
g(t)) c th dngg c
khi ngun
g
kch thch c
dng phc tp nhng:
Phi chun b u(t), h(t), g(t)
Phi tnh tch phn
191
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
p p tch phn
p
kinh in
Phngg php
Phng php ton t
Gii phng trnh vi phn
192
Tm nh Laplace t gc
thi gian
x (t ) 20 10e 4t 5e 8t X ( p )
20
10
5
p p 4 p 8
>> syms s t;
>> ft = -5*exp(-8*t)+10*exp(-4*t)+20;
>> Fs = laplace(ft); pretty(Fs)
10
20
----- - ----- + -s + 4
s + 8
193
Tm gc
thi gian t nh Laplace
25 p 2 300 p 640
4t
8 t
X ( p)
x
(
t
)
20
10
e
5
e
p 3 12 p 2 32 p
>> Fs = (25*s^2+300*s+640)/(s^3+12*s^2+32*s)
(25*s^2+300*s+640)/(s^3+12*s^2+32*s);
>> ft = ilaplace(Fs); pretty(ft)
10
-------- - -------- + 20
exp(4 t)
exp(8 t)
194
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
p p tch phn
p
kinh in
Phngg php
Phng php ton t
Gii phng trnh vi phn
195
VD
Gii phng trnh vi phn (1)
E = 12 V; R = 6 ; L = 2 mH. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K

ng li. Tnh dng in qu trong mch.
6
12
R
E
i
Li ' Ri E i ' i
0, 002 0, 002
L
L
i ' 3000i 6000
i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0

>> x = dsolve('Dx = -3000*x
3000*x + 6000'
6000','x(0)
'x(0) = 0'
0','s')
's')
>> pretty(x)
196
VD2
Gii phng trnh vi phn (2)
E = 100 V; R = 30 ; L = 0,1 H; C = 0,8 mF.

Tnh dng qu trong mch.
iL (0) 0; iL '(0) 1000 A / s
1
1
Ri Li ' idt E Ri ' Li '' i 0 30i ' 0,1i '' 1250i 0
C
C
i '' 300i ' 12500i
>> x = dsolve(
dsolve('D2x
D2x = -300*Dx
300 Dx - 12500
12500*x'
x ,'x(0)
x(0) = 0
0','Dx(0)
Dx(0) = 1000
1000')
)
>> pretty(x)
197
Ni dung
Gii thiu
S kin
Phng php ton t
Gii quyt
t mt
t s vn
ca
QTQ b
bng my
tnh
t h
198

Qua Trinh Qua Do 2012 MK

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Nguyn

Gii thiu (1)

Qu (T in ting Vit): chuyn t ch ny sang

Gii thiu (2)

Gii thiu (3)

Gii thiu (4)

Gii thiu (5)

Gii thiu (6)

Gii thiu (7)

Gii thiu (8)

Thng s mch ngay trc thi im ng m (ch c):

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

i(0) = (12 24)/2 = 6 A/s

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K ng li.

uC(0) = 12/6.10 6 = 2.106 V/s

Ti thi im t = 0 kho K m ra.

uC(0) = 4.106 V/s

uC (0) uR1 R1iL (0) 10.3 30 V

i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

i1 (0) CuC' (0) i3 (0) 0

3 103 uC' (0) i3 (0) 0

i1' (0) 24 A/s

iL1 (0) iL 2 (0)

iL1 (0) iL1 (0)

uC1 (0) uC 2 (0)

L1 (0) L1i1 (0)

L 2 (0) L2i2 (0)

(0) L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

(0) L1i (0) L2i (0) ( L1 L2 )i (0)

L1i1 (0)) L2i2 (0))

L1i1 (0) L2i2 (0)

E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

qC1 (0) C1uC1 (0)

qC 2 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

q (0) C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0)

E = 120 V; R = 10 ; C1 = 1 mF; C2 = 2 mF. Ti thi

C1uC1 (0) C2uC 2 (0) (C1 C2 )uC 2 (0)

tnh s kin bc 1 [iL(0) & uC(0)]

tnh s kin bc 2 [iL((0)) & uC((0)]

Tch phn kinh in

duy tr, v ngun dng

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

(phng trnh c trng)

Tch phn kinh in

E = 12 V; R = 6 ; L = 2 mH. Ti thi im t = 0 kho K

i ixl itd 2 Ae 3000t

i (0) iL (0) iL (0) 0

Tch phn kinh in

(phng trnh c trng)

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in

Tch phn kinh in