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Symbolic Interactionism and Ethnomethodology: A Proposed Synthesis Norman K. Denzin American Sociological Review, Vol. 34, No. 6 (Dec., 1969), 922-934, Stable URL: iti inks, stor. orgs sici~0003- 12249281969 12542034%3 A6%3C922%3 ASIABAPS3B2.0,CO%IB2-F American Sociological Review is currently published by American Sociological Association, Your use of the ISTOR archive indicates your acceptance of ISTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at flip: feworwjtor org/aboutterms.htmal. ISTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in par, that unless you fave obtained pcior permission, you may not dowaload an cnt isus of @ journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content inthe ISTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial uss. Please contact the publisher cegarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at bupsorww.jstoc.org/joumals/asa. hl. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transtnission. ISTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to creating and preserving.a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding ISTOR, please contact jstor-info@umich edu. hup:thrwwjstor orgy Wed Mar 17 12:10:22 2004 SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM AND ETHNOMETHODOLOGY: A PROPOSED SYNTHESIS * Norway K. Dens University of Californie, Berkley The baic theortcat axd methodotogcal assumptions of symbolic ixteracionism ond ethno imethodslogy wre compared and priuie of sYnthets are proposed. Simdavce between the uo cvitantons ove noted, and these are setn v4 cavelve the problens of socal orgaeaton, smathedelory, covializston, Bovlance, socal cote, jae-to-face interaction, and the analse Of sceucs us soul enerpvse. Wig sucgssied that ahese porspectives ofr 2 ouch meoded Siew of hos fxdeiduate ae shaped by and, ik tur, eeate elements of secil siracture. Be aise of their emphasis on the subjective sie of social lf, nievactionism and cimamet hod log) suertant serious considertion for et contribulions (ag aleruaive we of the tadivsteal and his sociel arongements. Areas of empiicah inguir9 relevent to batk points Of lew are siersd and a number of hypotheses are ofed jor future research. Suck esearch, it $0 proposed, vill Shed light oi what ace mow takin by many ae ireconciable frances betseen these pesspacics iz development of a theoretical per- spective appropriate for the joint analy- sis of social psychological and socfo- logica) problems has lang. canceraed the sociologist. The methodology that would permit such an analysis has also remained an issue, Although various alternatives have been offered, ranging from the use of madels taken from’ economics and psychology to stcuctural-funetionatism, one has proven completely satisfactory. My intent is to take two perspectives in contemporary s0- cialogy, one old and one relatively new, and to examine thelr potential for meeting, the above issues. Specifically, E shall examine symbolic interactionism and ethnomethod- logy. Because both focas in some way on the individual, they provide a view of social organization that may be termed subjective ‘and soclal psychological in nature. Analysis, of the degree of convergence hetween the two should permit an expanded treatment ‘of how individuals are linked to, shaped by, and in tun create social structure. These two perspectives are especially relevant wo 1 am indebced to 2 number af ealesgues and students for their evlea renctione to earlier ver slons ofthis way, and expecially vo Herbert Blumer for bis critical remarks. am ako grateful forthe comments aud cists of Howard 8. Becker, Cash 4. Couch, Harclt Mare and the students tny 26 Seminas on deviance at the University of Uknois ‘What follows 3: m9) peeposed syncheste ot inter adioalsey atd)ethnamabiodology. Ts le not i= tended a 4 stay expreing widespread eonsensts 5 consensus is prebatly not possible at this time 92 the above problems hecause they alsa pro- pose special views of methodclogy. ‘Tete PERSPECTIVES DEFINED ‘The ethnomethadology of Garfinkel (1967) and Cieoarel (1968) proposes an analysis of the routine, takensior-granted expectations that members of any social order regelarly accept. Basic 0 this perspective is the at- tempt sharply cistingaish scientifc feor everyday atcivity, The problems af penetrat- ing everyday perspectives and giving them sociological explanations are repeatedly ad-

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