CHAPTER 6: NUTRITION

MALNUTRITION
DEFICIENCY

CARBOHYDRATE

MARASMUS
WEIGHT LOSS
TIREDNESS / FATIGUE

EXCESSIVE
HIGH GLUCOSE CONTENT IN BLOOD
EXCESS GLUCOSE/ GLYCOGEN
CONVERT TO FATS
EXCESS FAT STORED IN ADIPOSE
TISSUE

PROTEIN

GROWTH STUNTED
KWASHIOKOR
MARASMUS

HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN BLOOD

DEPOSITED IN INNER WALL OF
ARTERIES
LUMEN OF ARTERIES BECOME
SMALLER
BLOOD FLOW BECOME SLOWER
BLOCKAGE AT LUMEN OF ARTERIES

LIPIDS

WEIGHT LOSS
TIREDNESS / FATIGUE

EXCESS AMINO ACIDS CONVERT TO

UREA/ AMMONIUM COMPOUND
ACCUMULATION OF URIC ACIDS

DIEBETES MELLITUS
OBESITY
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
HEART ATTACK/ ANGINA/
CHEST PAIN/ STROKE
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS/
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
OBESITY

LIVER MALFUNCTION
KIDNEY MALFUNCTION
GOUT

FOOD DIGESTION
Salivary Gland
Saliva

MOUTH
Salivary amylase
Starch + water
maltose

Gastric Gland
Gastric Juice

STOMACH
HCL

Acidic medium
Kill bacteria
Rennin
Carseinogen + water

Enzymes

Protein + water

carsein

Pepsin
Polypeptides

Pancreas
Liver

DUODENUM

Pancreatic Juice

Bile

Amylase
Starch + water

maltose
Trypsin

Polypeptides+water

peptides

Alkaline
medium
Neutralize acid

Lipase
Lipid+water

fatty acids+glyceroles

Intestinal
Gland

ILEUM

Intestinal Juice
Sucrase
Sucrose+water

glucose + fructose
Maltase

Maltose+water

glucose + glucose
Lactase

Lactose+water

glucose + galactose
Erepsin

Peptides+water

amino acids
Lipase

Lipid+water

fatty acids + glyceroles

ABSORPTION AND ASSIMILATION OF DIGESTED FOOD

Fatty acids
and glycerol
Glucose

Amino acids
Vitamin A, D,
E, K

Lipids

Vitamin B, C

Blood Capillary
Lacteal

Hepartic portal vein

LIVER

Lymphatic system

Glucose
Convert
Glycogen (stored)
Convert

Right lymphatic
duct

Villi

Through
subclavian
veins

Glucose
Synthesis of plasma
Proteins (in liver)

Bloodstream
Cellular respiration

Amino acids
Urea

Deamination

Excreted by kidneys

Synthesis of protoplasm

Synthesis of plasma
membrane

Heart

Photosynthesis

ENVIRONMEN
T

OF WATER

P2

H + e

P8

[ OH ] - HO2 +

O2
OH - eP7- - OH

PHOTOLYSIS

P9

P4

STARCH
P11
SERIES OF

CONDENSATIO
N

H + CO2

P5

HGRAN

CH2O

+P10

P1

H2O
STROM
A

O + H2O
P12

ENVIRONMEN
T

PHOTOSYNTHESIS MECANISM

P1 :

LIGHT REACTION REQUIRE LIGHT AND TAKES PLACE IN THE GRANA.

P2 :

CHLOROPHYLL ABSORBS / TRAPS LIGHT ENERGY

P3 :

ELECTRON OF CHLOROPHYLL IS EXCITED

P4 : PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER OCCUR AND WATER SPLIT INTO HIDROGEN IONS ( H+ ) AND HYDROXYL
IONS
(OH- )
P5 :

H+ ION COMBINES WITH THE ELECTRONE TO FORM HYDROGEN ATOM

P6 :

THE ENERGY FROM THE EXCITED ELECTRONS IS USED TO FORM ATP

P7 :

HYDROXYL IONS LOSES AN ELECTRON TO FORM HYDROXYL GROUP

P8 :

THE HYDROXYL GROUPS COMBINE TO FORM O2 AND WATER

P9 : O2 IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE

P10 : HYDROGEN ATOM IS USED IN THE REDUCTION OF CO2 INTO GLUCOSE
P11 : GLUCOSE UNDERGOES SERIES OF CONDENSATION TO FORM STARCH
P12 : DARK REACTION DO NOT REQUIRE LIGHT AND TAKES PLACE IN THE STROMA .