Table of Contents

Pneumatic Systems
1 Pneumatic systems.
(a) The advantages of pneumatic systems
(i) High effectiveness
(ii) High durability and reliability
(iii) Simple design
(iv) High adaptability to harsh environment.
(v) Safety
(vi) Easy selection of speed and pressure.
(vii) Environmental friendly
(viii) Economical
(b) Limitations of pneumatic systems
(i) Relatively low accuracy
(ii) Low loading
(iii) Processing required before use
(iv) Uneven moving speed
(v) Noise.
(c) Main pneumatic components
2 The production and transportation of compressed air
(a) Compressor
(b) Pressure regulating component
3 The consumption of compressed air
(a) Execution component
(i) Single acting cylinder
(ii) Double acting cylinder
(b) Directional control valve
(i) 2/2 Directional control valve
(ii) 3/2 Directional control valve
(iii) 5/2 Directional control valve
(c) Control valve
(i) Non-return valve
(ii) Flow control valve
(iii) Shuttle valve

1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
11
11
12

4 Principles of pneumatic control

(a) Pneumatic circuit
(b) Pneumatic circuit diagram
(i) Basic rules
(ii) Basic principles
(iii) The setting of circuit diagrams
5 Different kinds of basic circuits
(a) Flow amplification
(b) Signal inversion
(c) Memory Function
(d) Delay function
(i) ON-signal delay
(ii) OFF-signal Delay
(e) Single acting cylinder control
(i) direct control and speed control
(ii) OR Function
(iii) AND Function
(iv) NOT Function
(f) Double acting cylinder
(i) Direct control
(ii) Single control
6 The application of pneumatic systems
(a) Transport system
(b) Vehicle door operation system
7 Safety measures when using pneumatic control systems
Appendix: Pneumatic components

13
13
13
13
14
15
17
17
18
19
20
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
24
24
25
25
25
26
27
29

HYDRAULICS
Hydraulics Circuits and Components
Pascal's Law
Hydraulic Leverage
Basic Hydraulic System
Reservoir

33
33
34
34
35

Pump
Control Valve
Basic Hydraulic System
Lift Cylinder
Motor

35
36
37
38
38

APPLICATIONS IN HYDEL PROJECT

Pump Techonology
Pump Schematic
Rock Valve
CP30 concrete mixing plant
Inline Solo Version

39
39
40
40
41

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Technical Studies
Pneumatics Systems
http://resources.hkedcity.net/res_files/201101/20110128101153_259037.pdf

TORO UNIVERSITY
Hydraulics
Circuits, Components,
Schematics, Hydrostatic Drives and Test Equipment
http://www.toro.com/Telling%20Pages%20Documents/Customer%20Care%20Commercia
l/tech-training/09169sl.pdf

Schwing Stetter
http://www.schwingstetterindia.com